Abstract: A display apparatus with a plurality of display pixel sections includes glass substrate, which are formed to have a thickness that permits bending of the display apparatus, and polarizer plates, which are disposed on the glass substrates, respectively. The polarizer plates are thicker than the glass substrates.

Abstract: A pair of adjustable focus eyeglasses having two lens units with at least one of the lens units having at least two lens elements. A mechanism is provided to pivot, about a pivot location outside each of the two lens elements, the position of at least one of the two lens elements relative to the other lens element in an angular direction generally perpendicular to a viewing direction. At least a portion of a surface of the first lens element is a specially designed surface defining a first complementary surface and at least a portion of a surface of the second lens element is a surface defining a second complementary surface that is substantially complementary to the first complementary surface.

Abstract: A quick-coupled and adjustable temple for glasses includes a coupler defining a forward opened receiving cavity and having two short shafts vertically projected from an upper and a lower front end of the coupler for engaging with two shaft holes correspondingly provided at a lateral outer end of an adjacent rim of the glasses; and a temple being provided closely behind an inner front or proximal end with a centered coupling member for engaging with the receiving cavity on the coupler, and at the inner front end with a sideward projection. The temple is connected to the rim via the coupler by sliding the coupling member into the receiving cavity of the coupler to tightly fit therein. The temple could be vertically pivotally turned about the engaged coupling member and receiving cavity to different angular positions relative to the rim to meet a wearer's preference or head configuration.

Abstract: One embodiment pertains to a pair of glasses with a camera. For example, the camera can be partially or fully embedded in the glasses. In another embodiment, the camera can be removably attached to the glasses, such as removably attached to a temple of the glasses. The glasses can also include one or more various other electrical components. These other electrical components can work separately or in conjunction with the camera.

Abstract: This invention is generally related to a biocompatible sensor for detecting/measuring sugar, especially glucose, in an ocular fluid in a non-invasive or minimally invasive manner and a method for using the biocompatible sensor. A biocompatible sensor of the invention comprises, consists essentially, or consists of an ophthalmic device comprising a molecular sensing moiety which interacts or, reacts with sugar to provide an optical signal which is indicative of sugar level in an ocular fluid.

Abstract: The optical system presents accommodation compensation, the system including in combination two multifocal lenses, one of them being an aperture lens and the other a field lens.

Abstract: The invention provides lenses in which the maximum unwanted astigmatism is reduced and distributed over a wide area.

Abstract: A digital camera that combines the functions of the retinal camera and/or corneal camera into one, single, small, easy to use instrument includes features such as image and laser spot stabilization, an LED light source, stereo corneal imaging, polarizing reflection reduction, visual function testing, and so on.

Abstract: It is possible to improve the quality of an image of an eyeground, thereby acquiring an optimal image. An eyeground observation system (3) acquires an eyeground image via a compensation optical section (70) correcting the image of the eyeground obtained by illumination of an eyeground illumination system (2). A wave front correction system (1) measures wave front measurement data including a wave front aberration of the eye to be checked and/or aberration to be corrected, thereby acquiring the optical characteristic of the eye to be checked. An image data formation section (14-2) performs simulation of viewing at the eyeground, thereby calculating the simulation image data or MTF data. A correction amount decision section (14-3) decides a correction amount according to a voltage change template stored in a memory (144) and outputs it to a control section (15).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an optical device for the observation and documentation of the ocular fundus and is preferably provided for fundus cameras. In order to generate a uniform illumination of the fundus by transillumination of the sclera in the illumination unit, according to the invention, for fundus cameras and/or ophthalmoscopes, the light emitted by the illumination source is coupled into individual light-conducting fibers or bundles of light-conducting fibers which extend into the area of the front lens of the fundus camera and ophthalmoscope and whose fiber ends are formed in such a way that the exiting light is projected on and transilluminates the sclera. The discomfort caused to the patient by pupil-dilating means is avoided as are the risks associated with the placement of contact lenses.

Abstract: An apparatus (50) for obtaining an image of the eye, has a light source (114) for providing an incident illumination and an apertured mirror (104) for directing at least a portion of the incident illumination along an optical axis. A curved objective mirror (102) directs the incident illumination received along the optical axis toward the retina of the eye and directs image-bearing light reflected from the retina back along the optical axis. The apertured mirror (104) transmits the image-bearing light reflected from the retina toward a sensor (108) for obtaining an image of the retina thereby.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining a retinal image of an eye has a control logic processor (214) for executing a sequence of operations for obtaining the image. A visual target (162) orients the eye of a patient when viewed. An indicator element (410) provides a signal that indicates that the patient is in position. A cornea focus detection section (450) indicates cornea focus, in cooperation with the control logic processor (214). An alignment actuator aligns the optical path according to a signal obtained from the cornea focus detection section (450). A retina focus detection section (452) detects retina focus in cooperation with the control logic processor (214). A focusing actuator (406) is controlled by instructions from the control logic processor (214) according to a signal obtained from the retina focus detection section (452). An image capture light source is energized by the control logic processor (214) for illuminating the retina.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fundus camera which comprises an illumination optical system (10) for projecting an illumination light to a fundus (Ef) of a subject's eye; photographing devices (6a, 6b) for photographing the fundus (Ef); and light-receiving optical systems (20, 30), which include a focus lens (21) disposed in a light-receiving optical path for focusing the photographing devices (6a, 6b) with respect to the fundus (Ef) and diopter compensation lenses (200, 201) disposed for being inserted into or withdrawn from the light-receiving optical path, for guiding reflected light from the fundus (Ef) to the photographing devices (6a, 6b); and a controlling device (9) for determining whether a feasible focusing range of the focus lens (21) is surpassed; and driving devices (200a, 201a) for inserting the diopter compensation lenses (200, 201) into or withdrawing them from the light-receiving optical path, wherein the controlling device (9) controls the driving devices (200a, 201a) to insert into the li

Abstract: A system a method for correcting for optical distortions on a projection screen adapts a projection image to match an input image by adjusting the content of output pixels.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to a system and method for increasing the brightness of a video image. More specifically, there is provided a method comprising determining a color temperature setting, determining a period of time when a light source (12) is shinning through a color filter (40, 42, 44, 46, 48, and 50) corresponding to the color temperature setting, and pulsing the light source (12) with a pulse current during the period of time.

Abstract: A digital cinema projector set has a digital cinema projector module including a digital light engine and a lamp assembly having a light source and a light path dimensionally configured for the module to substantially occupy space intended for a lamphouse within a console for film projection. The module may include projector guide rails which allow the module to be installed in a console having corresponding console guide rails. The module or just its lamp assembly may be sufficient for use as a light source during projection of traditional film. The light path may include a folded light path using a prism with various coatings. The set may include an electrical filter circuit which maintains current ripple at or below a level sufficient for digital projection. The module may be removed and the original light equipment returned. A method of retrofitting all film projection consoles and a system therefor are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an information communication terminal etc. capable of projecting images utilizing a feature of image projection. When projecting images at the time of receiving information during image projection mode execution as such, incoming notification image data stored as dedicated images for projection which are different from images to be displayed on the image section 119 are read from the internal memory 112, and an image projection unit 130 is controlled to project the incoming notification image. When projecting the incoming notification image, sound output means (voice processing unit 115 and speaker 117) may be controlled to output incoming sound for image projection which is different from normal incoming sound when projecting no image.

Abstract: A polarizing beam splitter that includes at least one prism, and a reflective polarizing film. The prism comprises a first polymeric material, and has at least one curved outer surface and an incident surface, where the reflective polarizing film is disposed adjacent the incident surface.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus that is lightweight and provides bright, high quality images is provided. The projection display apparatus comprising a color separation and synthesis optical system 4, that performs color synthesis, generating an image, after separating light of the three primary colors of determined polarities into the respective three colors, and modulating those three color lights in relation to respective image signals therefor, and a projection lens 106. The color separation and synthesis optical system 4 comprises polarized light separating means 8, 9, 11 and 16 disposed in respective diagonal directions therein and reflecting spatial light modulating elements 12, 13 and 14 disposed to perform light modulation coordinated to an image signal for each respective color, for light separated according to polarization by the four polarized light separating means 8, 9, 11.

Abstract: There is provided a cooling system of a projection system including: a division plate dividing an inside space of the projection system into a light projecting space and an optical engine housing space; a first fan sucking air of the light projecting space into the optical engine housing space; a composition unit passing air before sucking the air to the first fan; and a second fan discharging air discharged from at least first fan to the outside. Therefore, the cooling of the projection system is smoothly performed and injection of foreign substance and deterioration of image quality are prevented.

Abstract: There is provided a projection system comprising a lamp irradiating a light, an illumination unit providing a plurality of lenses on the light paths, a composition unit providing an image by separating/composing the light, a projecting lens projecting the light composed in the composition unit to a screen, a cool air injection guide provided to one side of the composition unit for guiding an air injection port to be injected into the composition unit, an injection port guide interposed on a contact portion of the cool air injection guide and the composition unit, wherein the injection port is opened in the closed condition on the whole, and a fan formed on other side of the composition unit for transmitting a negative pressure to the side of the composition unit. Therefore, it is possible to improve the operation reliability of a projection system by smoothly guiding the flow of air injected from the projection system into the composition unit.

Abstract: Described is an optical projection and capture system having an image sensor integrated with an optical projection device. Additionally, the integrated device may be coupled with a laser pointer to deliver interactive presentations. The laser pointer may be pulsed to improve identifying and tracking a laser light spot on a projected image. These applications may be extended to rear projection systems for gaming and interactive graphics.

Abstract: There is provided an optical engine of a projection system comprising: a lamp irradiating light; an illumination unit provided with a plurality of lens through which the light is passed; a composition unit separating and composing the light to form an image signal; an engine base provided with the illumination unit and the composition unit on a top portion thereof; a reinforcing part which is made of a high intensity material and which is provided between the composition unit and the engine base to prevent a deformation of the composition unit; and a projection lens projecting light composed in the composition unit to the screen. Therefore, it is possible to stably embody a high definition image in the optical engine of the projection system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to an apparatus for providing a low spring constant, pneumatic suspension using vacuum for the lens in a projection system. In one embodiment, a pneumatic suspension system for a load comprises a frame; and a body movably disposed in the frame and spaced from a side wall of the frame by a gap to define a chamber in the frame above the body, the body being configured to be connected to the load. The frame includes an outlet to draw a gas from the chamber to lower the pressure in the chamber with respect to an ambient pressure outside the frame. An air bearing is formed in the gap between the body and the side wall of the frame to provide non-contact between the body and the frame. The pressure in the chamber is sufficiently lower than the ambient pressure to produce a lift force to lift the body and the load connected thereto with respect to the frame.

Abstract: A lithographic projection apparatus (1) includes a support configured to support a patterning device (MA), the patterning device configured to pattern the projection beam according to a desired pattern. The apparatus has a substrate (W) table configure to hold a substrate, a projection system configured to project the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The apparatus also has a purge gas supply system (100) configured to provide a purge gas near a surface of a component of the lithographic projection apparatus. The purge gas supply system (100) includes a purge gas mixture generator (120) configured to generate a purge gas mixture which includes at least one purging gas and moisture. The purge gas mixture generator has a moisturizer (150) configured to add the moisture to the purge gas and a purge gas mixture outlet (130) connected to the purge gas mixture generator (120) configured to supply the purge gas mixture near the surface.

Abstract: A gas knife configured to dry a surface in an immersion lithographic apparatus is optimized to remove liquid by ensuring that a pressure gradient is built up in the liquid film on the surface being dried.

Abstract: A scanning type exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system which projects a pattern of a reticle onto a wafer, which is held by a wafer chuck, a scanning stage system which scanningly moves the reticle and the wafer synchronously with respect the projection optical system, and an inspection system which automatically inspects influence of particles on at least one of the wafer and on the wafer chuck. The inspection system includes a focus detector which measures a focus state of the wafer and a calculator which calculates outputs of the focus detector.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus control method maintains good characteristics of optical elements for a long period of time. The partial pressure of a deterioration causing gas, which is an oxidizing gas or a coating forming gas, is monitored by a mass spectrometry apparatus. A deterioration suppressing gas from a gas supply apparatus is appropriately introduced into a vacuum container. In addition, decreases in the reflectivity of optical elements are monitored by a luminous flux intensity sensor, and a deterioration suppressing gas is appropriately introduced into the vacuum container.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exposure apparatus that can satisfactorily perform a measurement process and can accurately perform an exposure process, even if a liquid immersion method is applied to a twin stage type exposure apparatus. An exposure apparatus (EX) comprises: two substrate stages (PST1, PST2) each capable of holding and moving a substrate (P); an exposure station (STE) that exposes, through a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (LQ), the substrate (P) held by one substrate stage (PST1); and a measuring station (STA) that measures the substrate (P) held by the other substrate stage (PST2) or the abovementioned substrate stage (PST2); and wherein, the measurement performed at the measuring station (STA) is performed in a state wherein the liquid (LQ) is disposed on the substrate stage (PST2) or the substrate (P).

Abstract: A liquid immersion exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system (PL) which projects an image of a pattern onto a substrate (W) and a unit (5) which supplies a liquid (7) between an optical element (4) at the end of the projection optical system (PL) and the substrate (W). A corrosion-resistant film composed of an oxide is formed on the surface of the optical element (4) to prevent corrosion by the liquid (7). Consequently, a desired performance of the projection optical system can be secured for a long time even where a full field exposure in the step-and-repeat manner or a scanning exposure in the step-and-scan manner is performed in a liquid-immersion state.

Abstract: The projection system of a lithographic apparatus has a plurality of pupil planes and at least two irises provided in respective pupil planes each optimized to provide a high degree of NA uniformity over a respective NA range so that a high degree of NA uniformity can be provided over a wide range of NA settings.

Abstract: A lithography apparatus including a projection system configured to project a beam of radiation onto a substrate as an array of sub-beams of radiation and an array of individually controllable elements configured to modulate the sub-beams of radiation. The apparatus also includes a data-path including at least one data manipulation device arranged to at least partly convert data defining a requested pattern to a control signal suitable for controlling the array of individually controllable elements to form substantially the requested pattern on the substrate. The data manipulation device is arranged to carry out the conversion by applying a pseudo-inverted form of a point-spread function matrix to a column vector representing the requested pattern. The point-spread function matrix includes information about the shape and relative position of the point-spread function of each spot to be exposed on the substrate by one of the sub-beams of radiation at a given time.

Abstract: A system and method are used to manufacture a device using at least one exposure step. Each exposure step projects a patterned beam of radiation onto a substrate. The patterned beam includes a plurality of pixels. Each pixel delivers a radiation dose no greater than a predetermined normal maximum dose to the target portion in the exposure step and/or at least one selected pixel delivers an increased radiation dose, greater than the normal maximum dose. The increased dose may be delivered to compensate for the effect of a defective element at a known position in the array on a pixel adjacent a selected pixel or compensate for underexposure of the target portion at the location of a selected pixel resulting from exposure of that location to a pixel affected by a known defective element in another exposure step.

Abstract: A lithographic method and apparatus for determining operational parameters of a maskless lithography tool. In an embodiment, an amount of data in a datapath of the maskless lithography system is reduced. A maximum value of at least one operational parameter of the maskless lithography system is determined responsive to the reduced amount of data in the datapath.

Abstract: A system for detecting an empty vehicle seat includes an emitter mounted in the vehicle seat and a sensor for detecting changes in radiation produced by the emitter, wherein the changes in radiation may indicate whether an object is in the vehicle seat. A heater may be mounted in the vehicle seat. A sensor, positioned above the vehicle seat, may detect changes in the surface temperature of the vehicle seat. The changes in surface temperature may indicate whether an object is in the vehicle seat. A light source may be mounted in the vehicle seat. A sensor, positioned above the vehicle seat, detects changes in the light produced by the light source. The changes in the produced light indicate whether an object is in the vehicle seat.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an optical range finder that is simple in structure and is easy to manufacture. The optical range finder includes a light emitter for emitting a measurement light, an aligning objective lens system for aligning the measurement light emitted from said light emitter, a receiving objective lens system for receiving and converging the reflected measurement light, a light receiver for receiving the reflected measurement light passing through the receiving objective lens system and outputting a corresponding electrical signal, and a controlling and analyzing circuit for controlling, analyzing and processing the electrical signal so as to determine the measured distance.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for performing a biometric function. A purported skin site of an individual is illuminated with white light. Light scattered from the purported skin site is received with a color imager on which the received light is incident. Spatially distributed images of the purported skin site are derived and correspond to different volumes of illuminated tissue of the individual. The images are analyzed to perform the biometric function.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a detection system for inspecting a continuous stream of products comprising means for determining the detection system induced variations in its output signal. The detection system comprises a reference element and an intermediate optical element, means for scanning a light beam over the product stream and, via the intermediate optical element, over the reference element and means for converting the light beams re-emitted by the product stream and by the reference element into an electrical signal. The intermediate optical element is positioned such that the light beam successively scans the product stream and at least one region of the reference element, in whatever order. Such detection system and method are of particular use in an apparatus for sorting products, where it is used to inspect products provided to the detection system in a continuous stream.

Abstract: Systems configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen and systems configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen are provided. One system includes an optical subsystem that is configured to create interference between a test beam and a reference beam. The test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen. The system also includes a detector that is configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams. The interference increases contrast between the output corresponding to the defects and output corresponding to non-defective portions of the specimen.

Abstract: A defect inspecting apparatus includes a first support unit supporting a standard sample having standard defects, a second support unit supporting a wafer having target defects, a light source irradiating an incident light to the standard sample or the wafer, a light receiving part collecting reflection light reflected from the standard sample and the wafer, a detection part detecting the standard defects and the target defects by using the reflection light, a comparing part comparing information obtained using the reflection light reflected from the standard sample with a predetermined standard information of the standard defects to confirm a reliability of a step for detecting the target defects and a determination portion determining whether the step is allowed to be performed or not.

Abstract: In a method, with improved utilization of memory, of inspecting a defect on an object, the object is divided into a plurality of inspection regions. A plurality of levels is determined according to the numbers of defects, which are expected before detecting the defects, on the inspection regions. The defects on a selected inspection region are detected. The level including a range, which corresponds to the number of defects detected on the selected inspection region, is assigned to the selected inspection region with reference to the number of defects detected on the selected inspection region. The steps of detecting defects and assigning levels are repeated with respect to remaining inspection regions.

Abstract: A receiving device for object holders comprises a base part. A plurality of centering elements are connected with the base part. The centering elements are arranged such that a plurality of receiving areas for receiving one object holder each are configured. The centering elements form a preferably circumferential centering frame around each receiving area.

Abstract: A detector assembly for detecting the presence of analyte molecules, in particular, proteins, uses both Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) in synergy. The excitation laser used for SERS provides scattering from a reporter dye to which an analyte molecule is attached in the vicinity of a conducting surface. Simultaneously, a second laser is provided at the critical angle to the conducting surface. The second laser causes a field to be created in the region of the analyte which enhances the Raman scattering effect.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer used to analyzing a sample. The spectrophotometer comprises a light source and a detector. An optical assembly defines at least one light path, the light path arranged to carry light from the light source through a sample, and received by the detector, wherein a pathlength of the light through the sample is varied by adjusting an angle of incidence of the light through the sample.

Abstract: A compact conical diffraction Littrow spectrometer is disclosed. The distortion of the conically diffracted spectral component beams is compensated and as a result, the diffracted spectral beams can still be focused into a substantially straight line to shine onto a detector array. A spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system incorporating a Littrow spectrometer or a spectrometer having one or more shared focusing element(s) and an SD-OCT system incorporating a spectrometer that is substantially polarization independent are also disclosed.

Abstract: A spectrograph is disclosed generally comprising a radiation source and a dispersion device that includes a plurality of segments arranged adjacently along a plane upon which the radiation is incident, where each of the segments disperses the radiation differently than adjacent segments. In certain embodiments, each segment can be rotated and titled separately from the other segments. In some embodiments, the dispersed radiation is received by a detector in a plurality of spectral channels corresponding to the segments and including radiation of different spectral orders.

Abstract: An ellipsometric apparatus provides two impinging focused probe beams directed to reflect off the sample along two mutually distinct and preferably substantially perpendicular directions. A rotating stage rotates sections of the wafer into the travel area defined by two linear axes of two perpendicularly oriented linear stages. As a result, an entire wafer is accessed for measurement with the linear stages having a travel range of only half the wafer diameter. The reduced linear travel results in a small travel envelope occupied by the wafer and, consequently, a small footprint of the apparatus. The use of two perpendicularly directed probe beams permits measurement of periodic structures along a preferred direction while permitting the use of a reduced motion stage.

Abstract: The invention relies on the visual persistence of the human eye to perceive a circle when a laser spot is rotated rapidly. A diode laser spot projector is temporarily attached to the spindle of a machine tool and projects a sharp spot on the work piece. As the spindle rotates, an image of a circle is formed which is perfectly centered with the axis of rotation of the spindle. The work piece is moved until the projected circle lines up with the desired location for machining. The size of the projected circle can be changed by adjusting the position of the laser beam or by changing the distance between the spindle and work piece. The jig can accommodate a wide range of chuck and collet diameters.

Abstract: The gas detector device comprises at least a VCSEL source and at least a light sensor for detecting a light beam having passed through a sample chamber containing a given gas to be detected. The detection signal of the sensor directly provided to or is time derivated by an electronic derivator and then provided to respective lock-in amplifiers in order to generate a two different 2f-detection, f being the frequency of a wavelength modulation of the source, and thus to provide two corresponding measuring signals the division of which gives a precise value of the gas concentration. The invention uses at least a first modulation reference signal at twice and a second modulation reference signal at twice of the modulation frequency of the laser source.

Abstract: A spectroscopy system is provided which is optimized for operation in the VUV region and capable of performing well in the DUV-NIR region. Additionally, the system incorporates an optical module which presents selectable sources and detectors optimized for use in the VUV and DUV-NIR. As well, the optical module provides common delivery and collection optics to enable measurements in both spectral regions to be collected using similar spot properties. The module also provides a means of quickly referencing measured data so as to ensure that highly repeatable results are achieved. The module further provides a controlled environment between the VUV source, sample chamber and VUV detector which acts to limit in a repeatable manner the absorption of VUV photons. The use of broad band data sets which encompass VUV wavelengths, in addition to the DUV-NIR wavelengths enables a greater variety of materials to be meaningfully characterized.