Abstract: A system and method for automatically altering device functionality based on the occurrence of certain predetermined conditions. A link may be established between a device and a trusted server to provide an association between various conditions that may be detected at the device and actions that are to be taken on the device. In particular, software traps can be set up and linked to device functionality such that execution of the trap may automatically disable or enable certain device capabilities. Some aspects of the invention are directed to a system and method for remotely setting software traps for detecting software viruses and, upon execution of the traps, several methods for establishing a quarantine on infected devices.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, a image scanning may be performed on one or more documents.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium has a recording layer including a radical-polymerizable compound, a first photo-radical polymerization initiator (A) containing a titanocene compound, and a second photo-radical polymerization initiator (B) containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an amino acetophenone derivative, an acylphosphine oxide derivative, a benzyl derivative, and a thioxanthone derivative.

Abstract: A method is presented utilizing a holographic approach for linear phase conjugation to compensate for atmosphere-induce aberrations that severely limit laser performance. In an effort to improve beam quality, fine aim point control, and laser energy delivered to the target, aberration compensation is accomplished using holographic adaptive tracking that utilizes a spatial light modulator as a dynamic wavefront-reversing element to undo aberrations induced by the atmosphere, platform motion, or both. This aberration compensation technique results in a high fidelity, near-diffraction limited laser beam delivered to the target.

Abstract: A method disclosed herein relates to displaying three-dimensional images. The method comprising, projecting integral images to a display device, and displaying three-dimensional images with the display device. Further disclosed herein is an apparatus for displaying orthoscopic 3-D images. The apparatus comprising, a projector for projecting integral images, and a micro-convex-mirror array for displaying the projected images.

Abstract: A single method and apparatus for producing many of the most common types of hologram from digital data is disclosed. In one embodiment the data are generated entirely by a computer as a 3-D (animated) model. In another embodiment the data are generated from multiple 2-D camera images taken of a real 3-D (moving) object or scene from a plurality of different camera positions. The data are digitally processed and displayed on a small high resolution spatial light modulator (SLM). A compact low energy pulsed laser, which avoids the usual vibration problems encountered at high rates of production and the installation in normal working environments, is used to record composite holograms on an holographic emulsion using a special optical design.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for determining the absolute value of a rotational angle, in particular the angular position of a motor vehicle steering wheel, by means of a transceiver comprising a light source and a sensor array having a multiplicity of optoelectronic transducers, and a code carrier arranged so that it can rotate with respect to it that has a unique, single-track encoding of the angular values, a continuous segment of the encoding being imaged on the sensor array, and the sensor array's output signal being evaluated to determine a code word corresponding to the current angular value. This invention has the goal of further developing such a process so as to achieve clearly increased insensitivity to outside influences, especially those caused by dirt or spurious electromagnetic pulses. This is achieved in a first correlation filter by subjecting the sensor array's output signal to a convolution operation with a reference signal to reconstruct the imaged segment of the code track.

Abstract: A method for determining the absolute value of a rotational angle includes imaging a continuous segment of a code track of a code carrier on a sensor array such that the sensor array generates a corresponding output signal. The code track includes a code provided over an angular range of 360°. The code contains a plurality of code words with each code word respectively corresponding to an angular value in the angular range. The output signal is correlated with a reference signal in a correlation filter to produce a correlation function signal. The reference signal is indicative of the code and the angular values corresponding to the code words. The correlation function signal is processed to determine the code word of the imaged segment of the code track as a function of the angular value where the output signal best coincides with the reference signal.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for automatically shifting a lens of a laser focussing optical system, the lens undergoing translational motion along an optical axis, being moved by at least one motor which carries out rotational movement. This rotational movement is converted by a linkage into translational movement to shift the lens.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a pulse modulated signal having pulses corresponding to binary values of pixels of image data includes a modulation-data generating unit configured to generate modulation data in response to pixel control data and the image data, the modulation data including a predetermined number of bits for a pixel of the image data, wherein consecutive bits having bit positions responsive to the pixel control data in a line of the predetermined number of bits have a value responsive to a binary value of the pixel, and a modulated-signal generating unit configured to generate a pulse modulated signal in response to the modulation data.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an optical beam scanning device and an image forming apparatus capable of suppressing adverse effect due to ambient temperature change on plural optical elements. The optical beam scanning device of the invention includes a single light deflector, a pre-deflection optical system for entering a beam from a light source into the light deflector, and a post-deflection optical system for imaging a reflection beam from the light deflector on a scanned surface, and applies an integrated component formed by integrating at least one optical element of the pre-deflection optical system and at least one optical element of the post-deflection optical system. Preferably, in the integrated component, the optical element of the post-deflection optical system is an f? lens, and the optical element of the pre-deflection optical system is a correction lens for alleviating an influence by temperature change of the post-deflection optical system.

Abstract: An optical beam scanning device includes a rotating polygon mirror for scanning a beam from a pre-deflection optical system in a main scanning direction and two mirrors 23, 25 for imaging the beam scanned by the rotating polygon mirror 5 on an image plane. The device is arranged so that a first mirror 23 at the rotating polygon mirror side 5 has a negative power in the main scanning direction and a second mirror 25 at the image plane side has a positive power in the main scanning direction. Thereby, the degrees of freedom of shape and arrangement of process unit or the like can be made higher and an apparatus can be downsized by securing the distance between the last imaging element and the image plane while suppressing the increase in the optical path length between the reflection surface 5A of the rotating polygon mirror 5 and the image plane.

Abstract: To effectively reduce a measurement error in a parameter indicating two-dimensional spatial distribution of a state of polarization generated by variations in retardation of a birefringent prism pair due to a temperature change or other factors, while holding a variety of properties of an imaging polarimetry using the birefringent prism pair. By noting that reference phase functions ?1(x, y) and ?2(x, y) are obtained by solving an equation from each vibration component contained in an intensity distribution I(x, y), the reference phase functions ?1(x, y) and ?2(x, y) are calibrated concurrently with measurement of two-dimensional spatial distribution S0(x, y), S1(x, y), S2(x, y), and S3(x, y) of Stokes parameters.

Abstract: A microlouver has, as a basic unit, a light-controlling layer in which a light-absorbing layer and a transparent layer are laminated together, and a plurality of basic units L and S comprising a plurality of types of light-controlling layers having different layer thicknesses or optical constants, disposed in the direction of the layer thickness of the basic units. The array mode of the basic units L and S is determined based on a random number or a sequence-generating rule. For this reason, the microlouver has a large number of frequency components in terms of spatial frequency, and moire fringes that have a specific period and are normally caused by the interference with other optical elements are therefore prevented from occurring.

Abstract: An optical element (200; 300) for providing a variable refractive surface. The element comprises a chamber (215) defined by at least one side wall (270), with an optical axis (90) extending through the chamber (215). The chamber (215) contains a first fluid (220) and a second fluid (230) in contact over a meniscus (225) extending transverse the optical axis (90). The perimeter of the meniscus (225) is constrained by said side wall (270). The fluids (220, 230) are substantially immiscible and have different indices of refraction. A first electrowetting electrode (242; 243) is arranged to act on at least a portion of the meniscus perimeter constrained by said side wall (270). A second electrowetting electrode (280) extends through the meniscus (225).

Abstract: An electrochromic device and methods for forming the same are provided. The device includes first and second electrodes. A layer of (GexSe100-x)100-yMny is between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and methods for spatial light modulation are disclosed which utilize optical cavities having both front and rear reflective surfaces. Light-transmissive regions are formed in the front reflective surface for spatially modulating light.

Abstract: An optical frequency converter that can use a low-amplitude, high-frequency signal for converting a wide range of optical frequencies. The optical frequency converter includes a device for modulating a lightwave of a preset frequency with a modulation signal to generate a group of sidebands thereof, a device for selecting sidebands from among the group of sidebands, and a device for changing modulation signal frequencies and selecting specific sidebands.

Abstract: A fifth harmonic wave is formed from a fundamental wave of P polarization via a second harmonic wave forming optical element 3, a third harmonic wave forming optical element 4, and a fifth harmonic wave forming optical element 6, and a second harmonic wave of P polarization is formed from a fundamental wave of P polarization via a second harmonic wave forming optical element 9. A fundamental wave of S polarization is combined with the second harmonic wave of P polarization described above by a dichroic mirror 13; furthermore, the fifth harmonic wave of P polarization, the fundamental wave of S polarization described above and the second harmonic wave of P polarization are combined by a dichroic mirror 10, and are incident on a seventh harmonic wave forming optical element 11.

Abstract: A Raman-amplified optical transmission system (1) comprises at least one transmission fiber (4) for Raman amplifying of an optical signal (S), at least one corresponding pump (5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3) for pumping the transmission fiber (4) at a plurality of pumping wavelengths (?P1, ?P2, ?P3), at least one Lumped Raman Amplifier LRA (9, 10, 11) for imparting an additional gain on the optical signal (S), and at least one corresponding LRA pump (10, 10.1) for pumping the lumped Raman amplifier LRA. According to the present invention the LRA pump (10, 10.1) is adapted to operate at a single LRA pumping wavelength (?P3), which is essentially equal to one of the pumping wavelengths (?P3) of the pump (5, 5.3) for pumping the transmission fiber (4).

Abstract: A method for optimizing multipass laser amplifier output utilizes a spectral filter in early passes but not in later passes. The pulses shift position slightly for each pass through the amplifier, and the filter is placed such that early passes intersect the filter while later passes bypass it. The filter position may be adjust offline in order to adjust the number of passes in each category. The filter may be optimized for use in a cryogenic amplifier.

Abstract: A gain flattening filter preserves very broad bandwidth, and therefore very short-duration pulses in ultrafast cryogenically-cooled laser amplifier systems, while also maintaining good overall efficiency. The filter is optimized for pulses amplified in a cryogenically cooled material.

Abstract: A relay amplifier provided at a branching point of an electric power line in an electric power line communication for amplifying communication signals, comprising a plurality of signal couplers provided at the respective electric power lines on both sides of the branching point for transmitting/receiving the communication signals to/from the electric power lines; and an amplifier for amplifying the communication signals inputted from the plurality of signal couplers.

Abstract: A multimode fiber receiver includes a multimode collimator, a multimode fiber optic amplifier and a detector. The collimator receives incoming signals and provides the signals to the amplifier. The amplifier includes plural amplification stages, a limiter, a tunable narrow band filter and a microcontroller. The amplification stages each include a gain element and a noise filter. The limiter receives the amplified signals and limits the energy of those signals. The optical signals subsequently traverse the narrow band filter including an adjustable pass band to provide desired signals to the detector. The microcontroller measures the energy of the incoming and output signals to control the limiter, amplification stages and/or narrow band filter in order to produce signals within the dynamic range of a particular application. The multimode fiber optic amplifier and/or receiver of the present invention is preferably utilized within an optical communication unit.

Abstract: An optical filter for manipulating the spectrum of a light source is comprised of a transparent substrate and a first layer system applied to only one side, preferably an interference layer system. The substrate and the first layer system form a combined UV and IR filter (UV-IR filter) such that radiation portions both below a wavelength of 420 nm, particularly in the UV range, and above a wavelength of 690 nm, particularly in the IR range, are not fully transmitted via the first layer system.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope system (1) having an incident illumination device is disclosed. The stereomicroscope system (1) comprises a base (13) on which a focusing column (11) is secured. Mounted shiftably on the focusing column (11) is a focusing arm (5) which has an opening that serves to receive a stereomicroscope (3). The stereomicroscope (3) defines a device axis (20) that is perpendicular to the base (13). Multiple light-emitting diodes (30) are arranged in the focusing arm (5) around the receiving opening (5c). Multiple light-emitting diodes (31) are likewise arranged along the focusing arm (5) between the focusing column (11) and the receiving opening (5c).

Abstract: A cross-slide stage comprises a support element, a first displacement element (21) joined to the support element, and a second displacement element (31), wherein the displacement elements (21, 31) are movable in directions arranged perpendicular to one another. The second displacement element (31) defines a plane on which a specimen (105) to be investigated comes to rest. An illumination module (3a) is provided which defines an illuminated-field plane; and when the cross-slide stage (101) is placed onto the illumination module (3a), the plane of the second displacement element (31) coincides with the illuminated-field plane of the illumination module (3a).

Abstract: A polarizer includes a first prism plate having a plurality of micro-prisms; a polarizing film; and a second prism plate having a plurality of micro-prisms, the micro-prisms of the first prism plate and the micro-prisms of the second prism plate meshed with each other and integrated the polarizing film therebetween. Furthermore, a method for manufacturing the polarizer and a backlight module using the polarizer is also provided.

Abstract: An optical tapped delay line device in accordance with the present invention is a method for and device for spatially resolving the spectral components of an optical signal, i.e., channelizing or spectrum analyzing the wavelength content of an optical signal. The device is based on a tapped optical delay line and enables numerous related optical signal processing functions.

Abstract: A reflector member of the present invention includes a silver thin film formed on a substrate and a silicon nitride protection film formed on the silver thin film. The silver thin film has the (111) orientation as the principal plane orientation. Preferably, 99% or more of the silver thin film has the (111) orientation as the principal plane orientation. The thickness of the silver thin film is in a range of 100 nm to 350 nm.

Abstract: A coated article includes a broad band antireflection (AR) coating that utilizes aluminum oxynitride (AlOxNy) in the medium index (index of refraction “n”) layer of the coating. In certain example embodiments, the coating may include the following layers from the glass substrate outwardly: aluminum oxynitride (AlOxNy) medium index layer/high index layer/low index layer. In certain example embodiments, depending on the chemical and optical properties of the low and high index layers and the substrate, x and y of the aluminum oxynitride (AlOxNy) of the medium index layer can be selected to optimize the overall performance of the broad band antireflection coating.

Abstract: Disclosed are a microlens array, and a method of positioning and aligning the microlens array on another device. Generally, the microlens array comprises an array of injection molded microlens elements, and a supporting flange. Each of the microlens elements has a generally spheroid or spherical shape, and the supporting flange connects together the array of microlens elements to facilitate positioning that array of lenses on a printed circuit board, semiconductor package or wafer. This array is well suited for use with vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs); and, in particular, the preferred embodiment of the invention addresses the problem of VCSEL laser array alignment by using arrays of microlenses elements fabricated by injection molding.

Abstract: A vertical pixel structure for emi-flective display and a method thereof are provided. The vertical pixel structure has a substrate, a emitting pixel unit arranged on the substrate and a reflective pixel unit arranged on the emitting pixel unit. By using the vertical pixel structure the aperture of the display can be increased, and the power consumption can be reduced as well.

Abstract: A lens used for a light-emitting diode (LED) includes a body having an axis and a retaining part, wherein the body of the lens is symmetrical about the axis. The lens is mounted onto an LED and further includes a first lens part and a second lens part. When entering into the first lens part, light rays will be totally reflected through the first lens part and the light rays emitted from the first lens part will approximately parallel to the axis. When the light rays emitted from the first lens part enter into the second lens part, they will be totally reflected, and the light rays emitted from the second lens part will be approximately perpendicular to the axis. Thus, the lens has a structure that may control the emitting direction of light emitted from an LED.

Abstract: A fluidic optical device, systems utilizing fluidic optical devices, methods for manufacturing fluidic optical devices and actuators are disclosed.

Abstract: [Summary][Object] To provide a reflective film whose reflectance drop by ultraviolet irradiation is slight and having excellent prevention of yellowing. [Means for solving] The reflective film includes a base layer made of a resin composition including an aliphatic polyester resin as a main component, a metal thin film layer, and a protective layer in this order. The base layer is arranged on the side of a surface used for reflection, has voids therein with a ratio of the voids in the base layer being 50% or less, and has an average reflectance of 90% or more in a wavelength region of 420 nm to 700 nm when irradiated with light from the side of the base layer. The reflective film may have an intermediate layer between the base layer and the metal thin film layer. Also, the reflective film may have an anchor coat layer between the base layer and the metal thin film layer.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus and digital zooming method thereof is disclosed. The projection display apparatus receives a first image and includes a control unit, an image processor, an image scaler, a projection lens and a display unit. The control unit is for calculating an image area needed to be removed from the first image according to a zooming multiple. The image processor is for removing the image area form the first image to generate a second image. The image scaler is for scaling the second image to generate a third image. The display unit is for receiving the third image and projecting the third image onto a screen via the projection lens. The third image has a specific pixel count relative to the display unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to provide a telecentric zoom lens capable of attaining a small numerical aperture, a wide angle of view, reduced distortion, high resolution, reduced chromatic aberration, small aperture, and yet avoiding a cost increase and also to provide the telecentric zoom lens that shows a unified imaging ability relative to a varied distance to the screen and has a minimum projection distance to the screen got shorter. The telecentric zoom lens is comprised of a first group of lenses negative in power, a second group of lenses positive in power, and a third group of lenses positive in power, and a focal length fw at a wide angle of view can be given in relation with focal lengths f1, f2 and f3 of the first, second and third groups of lenses respectively, as follows: 2.5?|ƒ1/ƒw/?1.5, 4?ƒ2/ƒw?2.5, and 13?ƒ3/ƒw?3.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system includes lens units that focus a ray of light from an object side on an image sensor, in which the lens unit located at a first position from the object side toward the image side includes an optical path changing element for changing an optical path. The variable magnification optical system performs magnification variation by changing gaps between the lens units, and satisfies predetermined conditional formulae.

Abstract: Combining one or more elements of a beam shaping assembly in a lens module to, for example, reduce the mechanical tolerances in construction of the assembly. An exemplary lens module comprises a molded plastic lens with alignment features, a cylindrical surface, a focusing surface, and an aperture. The aperture is formed by surface positioned on the lens module at an angle greater than the angle for total internal reflection.

Abstract: An optical module (100) includes a lens barrel (10), a lens (201), and a clip (50). The lens barrel has a groove (104) defined in an inner periphery thereof. The lens is engagingly received in the lens barrel. The clip is received in the groove of lens barrel to fix the lens in the lens barrel.

Abstract: An image entering from the left side of the figure passes through a correcting lens unit, and forms an image on an image pickup device on the right side of the figure. The correcting lens unit includes a cylindrical outer frame and a lens arranged therein, and at coupling points, coupled to one end of each of electrostrictive coils and suspended thereby. Electrostrictive coils strain in response to voltages applied from a voltage applying unit, causing displacement of electrostrictive coils. The displacement is transmitted to correcting lens unit through the coupling points, and therefore, in accordance with the displacement from electrostrictive coils, position and/or direction of correcting lens unit changes.

Abstract: A system (60) for automatically changing the position of the side mirrors (14, 16) of a vehicle (10) between a blind zone side mirror setting position and a blind zone/glare elimination (BGE) side mirror setting position in response to actuation of a switch (68). From the angle of the driver side mirror (14) an equation can be used to determine the distance between the driver side mirror (14) and the vehicle operator's eyes. Based on the angle of the driver side mirror (14), the system (60) will know whether the driver set the driver side mirror (14) for the blind zone setting method or the BGE setting method. If the vehicle operator actuates the switch (68), then the system (60) will use the distance from the vehicle operator's eyes to the driver side mirror (14) to set the angle for the other of the blind zone setting method or the BGE setting method based on predetermined equations.

Abstract: A mirror for school buses and other vehicles, preferably a crossover or cross-view mirror. The mirror has an orientation line on its surface, which is oriented horizontal relative to the eyes of the driver of the vehicle. The mirror is preferably an oval elliptical mirror and at least a portion of the top portion of the mirror above the orientation line has a reduced glare or anti-glare surface.

Abstract: A color wheel includes a rotating shaft extending upwardly from a support face and having an engaging portion formed on the rotating shaft. A color filter plate set is disposed around the rotating shaft over the support face and includes a plurality of angularly arranged color filter plates. A first pressing ring is disposed between the color filter plate set and the support face. A second pressing plate is sleeved around the rotating shaft over the color filter plate set, and a fixing member is disposed around the rotating shaft over the second pressing plate. The fixing member engages the engaging portion and presses the second pressing plate and the color filter plate set so that the color filter plate set is prevented from moving outwardly from the support face.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an encoder circuit, a recordable medium, and a decoder circuit. The encoder circuit may be configured to generate (i) a first recordable signal and (ii) a second recordable signal in response to an input bitstream having program information and commercial information. The recordable medium may be configured to record the first and second recordable signals and present an intermediate signal containing program information and transition information. The decoder circuit may be configured to generate an output signal in response to the intermediate signal. The decoder circuit uses the transition information within the intermediate signal to detect or skip the commercial information.

Abstract: An audio system may comprise a transceiver configured to receive, detect, and transmit audio signals on a first channel frequency and to receive and detect audio signals on at least one additional channel frequency. The at least one additional channel frequency may include a second channel frequency. The system may include a controller configured to output a first audio cue while outputting audio signals received from the at least one additional channel frequency, to output a second audio cue at a time when the controller begins outputting an audio signal received from the first channel frequency, and to output a third audio cue at a time when the controller begins outputting an audio signal received from the second channel frequency. The first, second, and third audio cues may be different from one another.

Abstract: A hard-disk protection apparatus is coupled to a hard disk applied to an electronic apparatus. The hard-disk protection apparatus includes a sensor and a circuit breaking device. The sensor is for sensing an acceleration of the hard disk as the hard disk is moved by an external force. The circuit breaking device determines whether to cut off the power supply from the electronic apparatus to the hard disk according to the magnitude of the acceleration.

Abstract: A fall detection device is provided, which accomplishes a fall judgment on acceleration by a simple calculation and improves uniformity of effective threshold value for the acceleration judgment as to a direction of an applied acceleration vector. The fall detection device produces a fall detection signal, when an absolute value of each axis component of an acceleration measured by a three-axis acceleration sensor is less than a first threshold value, and when a sum of the absolute values of the axis components of the acceleration is less than a second threshold value that is 1.5 times to twice the first threshold value.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a disk drive that is capable of determining the offset of a magnetic head position through simple and easy processing in a case where the shingle write method is adopted, and that is capable of increasing the accuracy. In one embodiment, a disk drive comprises: a recording medium including data tracks, each of which is formed with part of the data track being overwritten by an adjacent data track on the inner circumferential side or by an adjacent data track on the outer circumferential side; a head assembly including a write head for writing information to the recording medium, and a read head for reading out information from the recording medium; and a control device for controlling a position of the head assembly relative to the recording medium.