Abstract: An on-vehicle DSRC apparatus capable of being operated with a battery power supply while decreasing power consumption includes a radio unit (1) for performing communication with an on-road radio equipment (30), a data processing unit (2) for processing data received from the radio unit (1), a battery (3) for supplying an electric power to the radio unit (1) and the data processing unit (2) and a first power switch (4) inserted in a power supply line extending between the battery (3) and a combination of the radio unit (1) and the data processing unit (2). The first power switch (4) is imparted with a function for controlling the power supply from the battery (3) so that the power can be saved. In case use of the on-vehicle apparatus is unnecessary, a power supply is interrupted for saving electric energy to prolong the battery life.

Abstract: A test apparatus and method of electrical testing especially useful for verifying normal performance of essential functions in an aircraft atmospheric pressure responsive auxiliary altimeter under either of flight line or maintenance shop conditions. The tester provides electrical power and control signals needed to energize each of three functions in the considered altimeter instrument including instrument face illumination, altimeter stiction-limiting mechanical vibration generation, aircraft output signal generating potentiometer function and enables electrical current and voltage monitoring relating to the instrument functions being tested. Replacement of individual test instruments and other informal test apparatus with a convenient and probably more electrical accident-free integrated tester is contemplated.

Abstract: The present invention can be generally described as a blade monitoring and wireless communications system. This monitoring and communications system is formed by the integration of commonly available or easily developed hardware and/or software components, which may be controlled by non-proprietary, open architecture software. This allows the present invention to easily incorporate a variety of sensors and/or detectors; thereby, providing the user with the first blade monitoring system capable of providing an improved blade monitoring capability.

Abstract: A system and method for displaying traffic information in an automotive navigation system having a display, memory and a data receiver. The method includes the first step of storing in a traffic speed table in memory at least two speed threshold limits wherein each speed threshold limit represents a different traffic flow category. The receiver receives data representative of the vehicle speed on at least one road segment and compares that received vehicle speed data with the traffic speed table to determine the traffic flow category corresponding to the received speed data for the road segment. A visual indicator is then displayed on the display which corresponds to the traffic flow category for the road segment. The user is able to customize the speed threshold limits through a GUI. These speed threshold limits are further user modifiable as a function of weather, day of the week, road conditions, type of road, as well as other factors.

Abstract: In an information transmitting device, a variable capacitor which is charged to have a predetermined voltage discharges through a predetermined resistor. Until the voltage becomes lower than a predetermined threshold voltage, the number of AC signals having a predetermined frequency is counted. Accordingly, first continuous amount information of a binary code corresponding to a writing pressure is obtained and is converted to a Gray code, which is regarded as second continuous amount information. A resonant circuit is opened or shorted in accordance with ‘0’ or ‘1’ in the second continuous amount information, so as to transmit the second continuous amount information.

Abstract: Context-based adapative binary arithmetic coding (CABAC), as used in video standards such as H.264/AVC, with a renormalization of the interval low value plus range that includes partitioning of the bits of the low value to provide output bits plus low value update without bit-level iterations or aggregation of output bits until a full byte can be output.

Abstract: A circuit configuration for converting analog signals to digital signals, having a multiplexer which has a plurality of analog signal inputs, an address input that is several bits wide and an output, and which is configured to connect one of the analog signal inputs to the output when an address assigned to the respective analog signal input is applied to the address input, and having an analog/digital converter, whose input is connected to the output of the multiplexer in order to digitize the respective analog signal emitted at the output. The circuit configuration includes at least one test signal source for supplying a test signal to a subset of the analog signal inputs of the multiplexer. In addition, an address is assigned to each of the analog signal inputs of this subset, of whose bits one has a first binary value, and all the others have a second binary value that is different from the first.

Abstract: The present invention employs a mixture of digital signal processing and analog circuitry to reduce spurious noise in continuous time delta sigma analog-to-digital converters (CT??ADCs). Specifically, a small amount of random additive noise, also referred to as dither, is introduced into the CT??ADC to improve linear behavior by randomizing and de-correlating the quantization noise from the input signal without significantly degrading the SNR performance. In each of the embodiments, digital circuitry is used to generate the desired randomness, de-correlation, and spectral shape of the dither and simple analog circuit blocks are used to appropriately scale and inject the dither into the CT??ADC loop. In one embodiment of the invention, random noise is added to the quantizer input.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted to convert an input analog signal to an output digital signal includes means adapted to convert a first digital value of the output signal of the apparatus to a first analog value (IN1), wherein the first digital value is emitted by the apparatus at a first time instant, and also means for feeding back the first analog value to the input of the apparatus. The apparatus includes first means adapted to determine the difference between the first analog value and a second analog value (IN) of the input signal at a second time instant successive to the first time instant. The apparatus also includes second means adapted to convert the difference to a digital value and third means adapted to add or subtract the digital value of the difference to or from said first digital value by obtaining the output digital signal.

Abstract: A delta-sigma converter has coarse and fine ADCs, wherein an integrated error signal is coupled to the coarse ADC whose output drives a DAC to create feedback that achieves loop balance. The coarse ADC provides the most significant bits of the result. The integrated error signal is also applied to a fine ADC whose output bits are not incorporated into the feedback, but which are combined with those of the coarse ADC and the combination applied to a filter that averages the hunting that represents loop balance. A DC feed forward circuit shunts the integrator with a replica of the applied input signal to apply it to the coarse ADC through a summer, allowing its output to be just the integrated error signal without including the applied input. If continuous integration is used, an AC feed forward circuit provides a compensatory voltage that is removed from the integrator output (or alternatively, is added to its input) and that corrects for a frequency dependent error.

Abstract: A number of parallel modulation functions are configured to provide sigma-delta modulation on a plurality of low sampling rate signals, which are representative of a high sampling rate input signal. Resultant sigma-delta modulated signals from each of the modulation functions are combined in a multiplexing fashion to create a high sampling rate output signal. The modulation functions may be interdependent, wherein error signals from the modulation functions are provided to a parallel block digital filter, which will provide a processed error signal to feed back into the input of each modulation function. The processed error signal for a given modulation function may be a function of the error signals derived from multiple ones of the modulation functions. In one embodiment, there are N modulation functions, and the operating rate of the modulation functions is fs/N wherein the sampling rate of the high frequency output signal is fs.

Abstract: A digital sigma-delta modulator requiring minimal die area and dissipating minimal power is formed with a plurality of integration stages coupled in tandem between an input node and an output node. The bit width of signals in the integration stages is progressively reduced from the first to the last integration stage without compromising modulator accuracy. A quantizer between the last integration stage and the output node provides the final reduction of signal bit width. The gain of the modulator feedforward and feedback paths are integer powers of two to further simplify the digital computation. In an exemplary implementation, three integration stages to form a third-order modulator are coupled in tandem between the input node and the output node. The gains of feedback and feedforward paths in one preferred embodiment are unity, and in some embodiments, one feedforward path has gain of 0.5.

Abstract: An analogue-to-digital converter includes a summing element for combining an analogue input signal of the analogue-to-digital converter with a feedback signal in order to generate a fault signal, a quantizer which has comparators for comparing the fault signal with reference voltages in order to generate a digital output signal, a digital-to-analogue converter for converting the digital output signal into the feedback signal, a control device for generating a control signal from the digital output signal in order to control the use of elements of the digital-to-analogue converter in such a way that mismatching of the elements is compensated, a random number generating device for generating random numbers which are used in the quantizer to interchange the assignment of the reference voltages to the comparators in order to eliminate an effect of offset voltages at inputs of the comparators, and a compensation device for generating a compensated control signal from the control signal as a function of the random

Abstract: A gigabit ethernet line driver includes a transmitter having both transmitter and active hybrid outputs. The transmitter consists of a plurality of transmitter clusters each connected to both the transmitter and active hybrid outputs. Each transmitter cluster includes a plurality of transmitter cells consisting of a driver cell and digital to analog converter connected to driver cell. A hybrid circuit connects between the transmitter outputs and receiver inputs for separating a receiver signal from the transmitter signal responsive to a tuning signal.

Abstract: An encoder utilizes a coding method for use with ferroelectric or other nonvolatile counters which are subject to imprint ensures that all of the bits in the code are frequently switched and not left in a fixed data state. The general coding equation for this method is such that: for an even integer n, it is represented by the conventional binary code of n/2; for an odd integer n, it is represented by the conventional binary code of the one's compliment of (n?1)/2. With this method, every bit switches to its compliment when counting from an even number to an odd number so that imprint is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A data converting method is realized by a data-converting circuit including: a data combining circuit for outputting 1st through (2n?1)th intermediate data bits by combining data bits corresponding to “1”s in n-bit binary data corresponding to a decimal number; a thermometer code generating circuit for generating 1st through (2n?1)th bits of thermometer code data each activated as “1” when a corresponding intermediate data bit among the 1st through (2n?1)th intermediate data bits are activated, wherein each of the 1st through (2n?1)th bits of thermometer code data is additionally activated as “1” by the 1st through (2n?1)th intermediate data bits activated by binary data having a greater value than binary data activating the corresponding intermediate data bit; and a reset circuit for periodically resetting the 1st through (2n?1)th bits of thermometer code data to “0” in response to an external clock signal. A digital-to-analog converter incorporates the data-converting circuit.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for detecting emitter signals and for determining a scan strategy for a receiver system that receives such emitter signals. A rule-based system is provided for determining how emitters should be detected by a detection system. Rules may be used to prioritize certain emitters with respect to other emitters. The rules may also specify parameters for emitter modes, such as probability of intercept, turn-on range, detect-by range, tolerance, tolerance direction, scan periods, and other parameters. The rules may be used to compute the revisit time for the receiver. Multiple sets of rules may be created and a scan strategy may be computed based upon the selected rule set.

Abstract: An apparatus for redirecting radiation including a polarization dependent reflector and an optical component able to transform the polarisation of radiation as it passes through the component. Radiation having a first polarisation component impinging upon the reflector from a source is reflected towards a scene area. Radiation not having this polarisation component passes through the reflector. The radiation having the first polarisation is then transmitted towards a scene via the optical component. As the radiation passes via the optical component, reflects back from the scene and passes again via the optical component, the polarisation is changed to state where it can now pass through the polarisation dependent reflector. The apparatus allows a scene to be illuminated as if the illuminator were positioned at the viewpoint of an imaging system, and so aids uniform illumination of the scene.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for extracting coherent information from in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signals. In a form, signals from an antenna array are mixed to form a plurality of I and Q signals that combined to form respective complex vectors. Each vector is adjusted in phase and magnitude to compensate for variations in field signal patterns, summed with other vectors, spatially and temporally filtered, and processed using spectral analysis algorithms to extract coherent spatial information. The coherent spatial information may be used to detect the presence, number and activity of insects within a structure in the near field of the antenna.

Abstract: In one embodiment of a microwave sensor, when a “low” plants countermeasure is conducted, if an alert has been generated 5 times or more within 1 minute, an object decision move distance is changed to be longer and a “high” plants countermeasure is conducted. Subsequently, when assuming that the plants countermeasure is “low”, only if the alert is not generated within 10 minutes, the plants countermeasure is returned to “low”. Further, if the alert is not generated within 10 minutes in the status of the “low” plants countermeasure, the plants countermeasure is canceled.

Abstract: An image processing system to be mounted to a vehicle includes a radar adapted to measure distance and direction to an object based on reflected electromagnetic waves which are outputted to scan the exterior of the vehicle, an image-taking device such as a camera for obtaining an image, and an image processor for carrying out image processing on a specified image processing area in an image obtained by the image-taking device. The image processor is adapted to determine a center position of the image processing area according to a measurement point of an object detected by the radar and the size of the image processing area according to a beam profile of electromagnetic waves outputted from the radar.

Abstract: Described herein is a system and method for detecting the position of a remote emitter (1) where the emitter (1) is emitting a radio frequency signal (2) in a radio field (3). The system and method uses at least one receiver (4) which is moveable within the environment of the radio field (3), each receiver (4) measuring and recording the amplitude of the radio frequency signal (2) and recording its precise location using a GNSS or GPS receiver. The data recorded is processed and compared to data predicted by the receiver(s) (4) to estimate a location of remote emitter (1).

Abstract: The invention concerns a safety system on board a ship for facilitating rescue of a person having fallen overboard whereby each navigator on board is equipped with an individual portable radio transmitter apparatus and regular links are established between each apparatus and a centralized monitoring radio device, that is a device for receiving radio signals from each individual portable apparatus (even querying them one by one by radio transmission) and in spotting the absence of any apparatus which would indicate the loss of a navigator overboard, by monitoring the regular reception of radio signals emitted by each apparatus and by detecting any absence of reception from the portable apparatus of a navigator to launch in that case a rescue operation.

Abstract: A portable electronic device, e.g., a mobile communications terminal, PDA or other handheld device, includes a GPS receiver and is configured to conduct non-GPS activities. The GPS receiver is transitioned out of a sleep state to attempt to acquire at least one GPS satellite signal responsive to a selected non-GPS activity of the device. For example, the GPS receiver may be transitioned out of the sleep state to attempt to acquire at least one GPS satellite signal responsive to a first non-GPS activity, and may be left in the sleep state notwithstanding occurrence of a second non-GPS activity. The first non-GPS activity may, for example, be associated with positioning of the device in a more conducive to reception of GPS satellite signals than the second non-GPS activity. For example, the first non-GPS activity may comprise an internet browsing activity, a video presentation activity, a gaming activity and/or a non-hands-free telephony activity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to utilizing monitoring devices (200) for determining the effectiveness of various locations, such as media display locations (150) for an intended purpose (media display exposure). The monitoring devices (200) are distributed to a number of study respondents. The monitoring devices (200) track the movements of the respondents. While various technologies may be used to track the movements of the respondents, at least some of the location tracking of the monitoring device (200) utilize a satellite (105) location system such as the global positioning system (“GPS”). These movements of the respondent and monitoring device (200) at some point coincide with exposure to a number of media displays (150). Geo data (movement data) collected by the monitoring devices, is downloaded to a download server (300), for determining which media displays (150) the respondent was exposed to. The exposure determinations are made by a post-processing server (400).

Abstract: A global positioning system (GPS) receiver (100) for receiving signals from a plurality of GPS satellites has a plurality of antennas (102), a receiver (104) coupled to the plurality of antennas, and a processor (106) coupled to the receiver. The processor is programmed to collect (202) from the receiver information from each of the plurality of antennas corresponding to signals received from the plurality of GPS satellites, process (204) the information, identify (206) from the processed information an antenna from the plurality of antennas having a probability higher than the other antennas for accurately locating the GPS receiver, locate (210) the GPS receiver according to signals from the plurality of GPS satellites received by the antenna if (208) the probability is greater than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An antenna system designed to enhance power efficiency of a patch antenna for wireless transmission is provided. The system includes a patch antenna, a reflective plate, a transmission line, and a printed circuit board assembly. The reflective plate is arranged at the position of ¼? away from the patch antenna, to reflect the electro-magnetic waves, radiated behind the patch antenna. Because the antenna and the reflective plate are away from ¼?, the reflective signals returned to the patch antenna constructively interfere with the signal radiated from the antenna. Therefore, the provided system may strengthen the gain of the antenna. Further, the electromagnetic interference is decreased at the position close to the printed circuit board assembly behind the reflective plate.

Abstract: The radiating conductor in an antenna device comprises first forming elements, second forming elements and third forming elements disposed to be coupled in one direction. The first forming elements are formed in a semi-circular shape, and the third forming elements are formed in a band-like shape and have feed points disposed therein. The first forming elements, the second forming elements and the third forming elements have respective maximum lengths gradually reduced in this order.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna (10) includes one or more a loop portions (12) substantially defining operation in frequency ranges covering between approximately 800 MegaHertz and approximately 1.0 GigaHertz and between approximately 1.8 GigaHertz and approximately 2.0 GigaHertz, a surface plate portion (14) having a length (15) substantially defining operation in a frequency range between approximately 1.7 GigaHertz and approximately 1.9 GigaHertz, and a slot (16) within the surface plate portion having a length (17) substantially defining operation in a frequency range between 5 and 6 Gigahertz (WLAN). The antenna can further include a resonant stub (18) having a length (19) substantially defining operation in a frequency range of approximately 2.4 Gigahertz. The antenna can be a unitary radiating element having a feed element (9) and a ground port (7). Operationally, the antenna can function in 6 bands and can be independently tunable in a majority of the 6 bands.

Abstract: This antenna unit is adapted to be connected to an electronic device for transmitting a received radio signal to the electronic device. The antenna unit comprises a noise canceller for canceling noise generated in the electronic device and transmitted to the antenna unit through a ground line. The noise canceller is a conductive stub piece one end of which is electrically connected to an electromagnetic shield of the antenna unit and the other end of which is a free end. The stub piece has a length of about ¼ of a wavelength of the radio signal.

Abstract: A variable inductance electrical device is an electrical conductor arranged in a flexible helical coil with a multiplicity of windings connected to a traveler plate and a fixed plate coaxially arranged a distance from the traveler plate. The conductor is arranged in the space between the traveler plate and the fixed plate such that moving the traveler plate away from the fixed plate moves the conductor coils apart and moving the traveler plate towards the fixed plate moves the conductor coils closer together. The inductance of the electrical coil varies inversely with the length of the coil, and thus varies with the spacing of the coils.

Abstract: An electrical signal is fed from one terminal of an antenna element, and the other terminal thereof is terminated by a variable reactance circuit. A reactance value of the variable reactance circuit is changed according to use state of a device to optimally set its directivity. Matching conditions at an electricity feeding point are controlled to match an impedance of the electricity feeding point which fluctuates according to the value of the variable reactance circuit. With the above construction, there are provided an antenna device that is downsized, can control its directivity, and does not deteriorate a communication quality depending on a use state, and a radio communication apparatus provided with the antenna device.

Abstract: A slot antenna having one or more electronic components attached across a slot of the antenna to provide either an RF open or an RF short based on the bias supplied to a control terminal of the electronic component. The antenna is tunable via the RF open or short across the slot.

Abstract: A wideband antenna in which a first and second conductive element are arranged so that a notch is formed between the first and second conductive element, wherein the first and second conductive element have shapes satisfying two conditions (i) a sum of the lengths of sides facing the notch and a first side terminating at one edge of a wider opening of the notch, these sides pertaining to the first conductive element, and the lengths of sides facing the notch and a second side terminating at one edge of the wider opening, these sides pertaining to the second conductive element, is approximately half of a first wavelength, and (ii) a sum of the lengths of sides pertaining to the first conductive element and facing the notch, and the lengths of sides pertaining to the second conductive element and facing the notch is approximately half of a second wavelength.

Abstract: An antenna array that uses at least two passive antennas and one active antenna disposed above a ground plane, but electrically isolated from the ground plane, and a respective resonant strip positioned beneath each passive antenna. The passive antenna elements are positioned about the active element, and each of the at least two passive antenna elements is individually set to a reflective or a transmissive mode to change the characteristics of an input/output beam pattern of the antenna apparatus.

Abstract: A sub-band antenna matching method and an antenna matching system for selectively matching a communication bandwidth segment impedance have been provided. The method comprises: accepting a frequency-dependent impedance from an antenna; and, selectively supplying a conjugate impedance match for the antenna at a sub-band of a first communication band. In some aspects, the method selectively supplies a conjugate impedance match for the antenna at a sub-band of a second communication band. More specifically, the method comprises: tuning a first tuning circuit to a first frequency; simultaneously tuning a second tuning circuit to a second frequency to match the antenna at a low end of the first communication band. Likewise, the first tuning circuit is tuned to a third frequency and the second tuning circuit is tuned to a fourth frequency to match the antenna at a high end of the first communication band in response to the third and fourth frequencies.

Abstract: A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag comprising an integrated circuit and a unitary core is described. The unitary core comprises a coil-forming portion proximate one end thereof and an integrated circuit support portion proximate an opposite end thereof. The integrated circuit support portion extends beneath and supports the integrated circuit.

Abstract: An electronic interface device includes (1) a first input receiving signals from a graphics controller of a first electronic device having a display screen, (2) a second input receiving signals form a second electronic device, (3) a multiplexer, (4) an output connected to the display screen of the first electronic device, and (5) a switch to select which input signal of the interface device is fed to the display screen.

Abstract: A method for displaying images on multiple monitors with different refresh rates is disclosed. To prevent screen tearing, the surface containing image data is not released when the access by the master monitor is completed until the slave monitor or monitors finish access. To synchronize images with a predefined playback speed, the surface containing a new image received from the application is not flipped onto the screens until receiving a predefined synchronization indicator.

Abstract: An apparatus and technique for allowing wireless electronic badges to temporarily establish a wireless network (e.g., a piconet network) with a network security station mounted in a facility of an employer, a gym, a membership club, etc. The wireless electronic badges automatically exchange user code with the network security station, and receives relevant badge information for display and use by that particular secured facility. In a preferred embodiment, BLUETOOTH technology is used in the wireless piconet front ends of the electronic wireless badge and the network security station. The disclosed electronic wireless badge includes an LCD display, a display controller, an information exchange module, and a wireless front end (e.g., a wireless piconet network such as a BLUETOOTH network). The electronic wireless badge includes a unique user code which is passed to the network security station.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technology that enables projection images to be overlaid with embellishment effects without depending on the capabilities of the image supply apparatus. A projection display apparatus that projects images onto a screen responsive to given image data, comprises: an embellishment effect memory for storing embellishment effect data representing an embellishment effect image that can be used to embellish an arbitrary image; an image embellishment section that generates embellished image data by overlaying an original image represented by the given image data and the embellishment effect image; a light modulation unit that is driven responsive to the embellished image data pixel by pixel; and an optical system for projecting onto the screen the embellished image obtained by the light modulation unit. A projection display apparatus superimposes the embellishment effect on the projected image without having to rely on the capabilities of an image supply apparatus.

Abstract: When applying sustain pulses to each discharge cell in a gas discharge panel, a pulse of the opposite polarity is briefly applied immediately before the leading edge of each sustain pulse. Or, the absolute voltage of each sustain pulse is set higher during a certain period from the leading edge of the sustain pulse than during a period from the lapse of the certain period to the trailing edge of the sustain pulse, and a pulse of the opposite polarity is briefly applied immediately after the trailing edge of the sustain pulse. As a result, discharge delays during a discharge sustain period are suppressed to improve image quality, and reactive currents are reduced to improve luminous efficiency.

Abstract: A front substrate contains a plurality of scan electrodes and sustain electrodes. Two strips of scan electrodes and two strips of sustain electrodes are alternately disposed on the substrate. In addition, a plurality of auxiliary scan electrodes is disposed on the front substrate so as to be parallel to the scan electrodes. On the back substrate, a plurality of priming electrodes is disposed parallel to the scan electrodes. Each auxiliary scan electrode has electrical connections to the scan electrode that performs scanning earlier than the scan electrode adjacent to each auxiliary scan electrode. With the structure above, a priming discharge occurs between the auxiliary scan electrodes and the priming electrodes.

Abstract: A panel driving method for driving pixels of a panel. The pixels are classified into a plurality of groups and the pixels of one of the plurality of groups are addressed and sustain-discharged before the pixels of another one of the plurality of groups are addressed and sustain discharged. In the panel driving method, a frame period for displaying a single image is divided into a plurality of sub-fields, each of which has a predetermined gradation, and the sub-fields are selectively operated to determine a gradation of visual brightness for each cell. In at least one of the sub-fields, an address period and a sustain period are sequentially performed on the pixels of each of the groups. While an address period is being performed on the pixels of a one of the groups, the pixels of other groups are idle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a PDP driving circuit and a driving method thereof. A first switch is coupled between a Y electrode of a panel capacitor and a positive polarity terminal of a voltage source supplying a voltage Vs/2, a second switch is coupled between the positive polarity terminal of the voltage source and ground, a third switch is coupled between the Y electrode and a negative polarity of the voltage source, and a fourth switch is coupled between the negative polarity of the voltage source and ground. The voltage ?Vs/2 is applied to an X electrode of the panel capacitor while the voltage Vs/2 is applied to the Y electrode thereof, and the voltage Vs/2 is applied to the X electrode while the voltage ?Vs/2 is applied to the Y electrode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of driving a plasma display panel for making a stable operation at both a low temperature and a high temperature is disclosed. In the apparatus, a temperature sensor senses a temperature of the plasma display panel. A set-down controller differently controls a voltage for causing a set-down discharge depending upon a temperature of the plasma display panel.

Abstract: The present invention is a display device and display panel drive method that allow a more rapid select operation to be stably implemented by increasing the discharge probability of selective discharge. The display device comprises an address part that sequentially applies a positive scan pulse to a first row electrode of each of the display panel row electrode pairs in the address cycle while sequentially applying a pixel data pulse corresponding to the pixel data at the same timing as the scan pulse to each of the display panel column electrodes one display line at a time so that the column electrode side constitutes a cathode, such that an address discharge is selectively produced in the second discharge cell; and a sustain part that applies a sustain pulse to each of the row electrodes constituting the row electrode pairs in the sustain cycle, and the sustain part applies the ultimate sustain pulse of the sustain pulses applied in the address cycle to the first row electrode with a negative polarity.

Abstract: A light emitting device that achieves long life, and which is capable of performing high duty drive, by suppressing initial light emitting element deterioration is provided. Reverse bias application to an EL element (109) is performed one row at a time by forming a reverse bias electric power source line (112) and a reverse bias TFT (108). Reverse bias application can therefore be performed in synchronous with operations for write-in of an image signal, light emission, erasure, and the like. Reverse bias application therefore becomes possible while maintaining a duty equivalent to that of a conventional driving method.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a light emitting device which can be made into a module with smaller volume. By using a light emitting element represented by an EL element and the like as a pixel portion, two pixel portions are formed at different portions over the light emitting device. A first pixel portion comprises a plurality of pixels arranged in matrix. In the periphery of the first pixel portion, a first source line driving circuit and a first gate line driving circuit for transmitting signals to the first pixel portion are formed. A second pixel portion is formed of passive pixels, and is segregated from a TFT group which constitutes the first pixel portion, the first source line driving circuit, and the first gate line driving circuit in the direction from the back surface of the substrate to the top surface of the substrate by interposing an interlayer film therebetween.

Abstract: In an active matrix EL display device, pixels which are suitable for a constant current drive are structured. The pixel includes a first switch which has one end connected to a source signal line and the other end connected to a current-voltage conversion element, a second switch which has one end connected to the current-voltage conversion element and the other end connected to a voltage holding capacitor and to a voltage-current conversion element, and a pixel electrode connected to the current-voltage conversion element and to the voltage-current conversion element.