Abstract: A method of designing a fixed format emissive display is described using a computing device having a processor and a memory, the display comprising an array of emissive pixel elements, each pixel element comprising at least two sub-pixel elements made of different materials. The method comprises selecting areas of the at least two sub-pixel elements so that each pixel element displays white at a predetermined white point within a certain tolerance over a lifetime of the pixel, and such that the lifetimes of the sub-pixel areas are within a predetermined tolerance of each other. A display having sub-pixel elements optimized so that each pixel element displays white at a predetermined white point within a certain tolerance over a lifetime of the pixel, and such that the lifetimes of the sub-pixel areas are within a predetermined tolerance of each other is also described.

Abstract: A gamma reference voltage generating circuit in a liquid crystal display includes a first gamma power unit outputting a first gamma voltage for a reflective driving mode of the liquid crystal display, a second gamma power unit outputting a second gamma voltage for a transmissive driving mode of the liquid crystal display, and a switching unit selecting one of the first gamma voltage of the first gamma power unit and the second gamma voltage of the second gamma power unit, and outputting the selected gamma voltage to a source driving circuit.

Abstract: A flat panel display is described having a matrix of liquid crystals, wherein the liquid crystals have a common node. A pair of voltages that are applied to the common node help determine the rms voltages that are applied to the liquid crystals. The pair of voltages are tailored to bring a maximum rms voltage that is applied to the liquid crystals so as to fall along the lower knee of a transmittance vs. rms voltage curve that characterizes the performance of the liquid crystals.

Abstract: A display memory able to reduce power consumption, able to generate graphics at a high speed, and not needing memory mapping, a driver circuit, a display using the driver circuit, and a portable information apparatus, wherein a CPU read circuit is connected to one bit line of a display memory 7, a display read circuit is connected to the other bit line, a write circuit is connected to both bit lines, the CPU read circuit and write circuit are assigned to the access from the CPU, the display read circuit is assigned to the display screen display, and further the access from the CPU and the reading to the display screen are assigned to different two level periods of a clock signal of the memory and independently controlled. Further, a drive power supply of the display memory is divided and a drive power supply voltage is supplied to the display memory for every memory cell or for every plurality of memory cells.

Abstract: Display bright in contrast can be obtained without discrination and flicker in the display device of the direct vision type whose pixel pitches are short to 20 ?m or less. A liquid crystal panel is driven through the frame inverse driving method, and the vertical frame frequency is set to 120 Hz or more. Also, each of the pixels is arranged to correspond to one of R, G and B of color filters disposed on a TFT substrate side.

Abstract: There is provided a driving circuit of a liquid crystal display device capable of solving a problem of power consumption while solving a problem of time required for charge/discharge of source lines by virtue of shorting by use of precharge. The driving circuit of the liquid crystal display device comprises first shorting means, second shorting means, third shorting means, and fourth shorting means. With the use of the fourth shorting means, in particular, the source lines can be driven starting from a predetermined potential generated by a gradation voltage generation circuit, and a drive start potential is changed from a conventional common electrode potential to potentials generated by the gradation voltage generation circuit, so that power consumption can be effectively reduced (by about 8% on average as compared with the conventional case).

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of driving a liquid crystal display by frame rate control (FRC) is provided, which includes: receiving an input data having a first gray from an external graphic source; converting the input data to have bit number larger than the input data; and performing FRC on the converted data.

Abstract: A display apparatus having a display pixel unit including a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, a first driving circuit for outputting a control signal to the pixels to turn the pixels ON, the control signal depending on gray-scale information of display data, and a second driving circuit outputting a ramp waveform signal for turning the pixels on a line ON in accordance with a time-period of a scanning time-period and a scanning signal of turning the pixels on the line OFF. The ramp waveform signal includes a first ramp waveform signal and a second ramp waveform signal, and the second driving circuit outputs alternately the first and second ramp waveform signals to the pixels in accordance with the time-period of the scanning time-period.

Abstract: A drive circuit for use in a liquid crystal display supplies source signals from a source driver to pixel electrodes through switching by means of TFTs according to scan signals from a gate driver, includes a reference voltage generator circuit for adjusting potential differences between the pixel electrodes and a common electrode so as to compensate for the effects of variations in drain voltages caused by parasitic capacity in the TFTs and compensate for irregularities in DC voltage caused by asymmetry in properties between an active matrix substrate and an opposite substrate sandwiching a liquid crystal layer. The reference voltage generator circuit is composed of a reference voltage generator circuit for shifting the voltage levels of the source signals supplied by the source driver equally for all the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: No flicker is displayed on the display screen during display of moving pictures and power consumption can be reduced by adding a high quality moving picture display function. Moreover, the number of times of transfer of moving pictures by comprising a still-picture·text·system·I/O bus·interface and a moving picture interface (external display interface), providing a display operation change register (DM) and a RAM access change register (RM) which are changed selectively depending on display content (display mode) displayed on a display device and displaying the display data on the display device via a picture memory even in the moving picture display mode.

Abstract: A digital data driver and LCD using the same. In the digital data driver, a plurality of data lines, each transfer first data during a first period and second data during a second period. A first shift register outputs a first enable signal during the first period, a second shift register outputs a second enable signal during the second period. Transmission controllers are coupled to the data lines respectively, each outputs the first data and the second data to two different DAC according to the first and second enable signals and two external signals. The present invention, by sharing latches and DACs, prevents layout and wire routing difficulty caused by the increased lateral layout area required by increased LCD resolution.

Abstract: A display controller is provided which can control the display of a fast moving image with higher quality in an active matrix display apparatus DD. When the display pattern of an image is controlled in a display apparatus DD constituted of a plurality of pixels S arranged in a matrix form, the pixel including a light-emitting device, an image is displayed by driving the pixels S only for predetermined illuminating period shorter than a vertical synchronizing period.

Abstract: A display device of the present invention prevents the deterioration of display quality even when input video data are changed. In a matrix type display device, lines of video data are inputted to the data driver circuit one after another for every horizontal scanning period of the video data. The data driver circuit alternately repeats (i) a first step for generating a display signal corresponding to each one of the lines of the video data one after another for every fixed period and outputting the display signal to the pixel array N-times (N being a natural number equal to or greater than 2) and (ii) a second step for generating a display signal which makes the luminance of the pixels lower than the luminance of the pixel in the first step for the fixed period and outputting the display signal to the pixel array M-times (M being a natural number smaller than N).

Abstract: A timing controller for a liquid-crystal display panel includes a data enable signal detection circuit which detects a data enable signal applied to the timing controller, and a timing generating circuit which controls a display timing of image data to be displayed on the liquid-crystal display panel on the basis of the data enable signal detected by the data enable signal detection circuit.

Abstract: Each signal line enters a preliminary polarity inversion period prior to a normal polarity inversion period so as to be inverted to the opposite polarity. By the preliminary polarity inversion a signal line on a border of blocks experiences a potential hike and the potential oscillates, which, however, is restored later by the application of a correct potential in the normal polarity inversion period. When transferring data per block, the problem of different potential states between the border of the blocks and an area surrounding it, which is caused by the potential oscillation of the signal line on the border of the blocks, is relieved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bright and high-resolution display apparatus having a dynamic range exceeding the number of gray-scale voltage (or current) outputs, which a signal driver is capable of generating. In accordance with the present invention, a select period, in which a group of pixels on each row is driven, is divided into a plurality of sub-periods. The signal driver supplies a voltage output varying from sub-period to sub-period to selected pixels through a signal electrode. The pixel is capable of expressing various values of a gray scale, the size of which is at least approximately equal to (the number of gray-scale voltage outputs, which the signal driver is capable of generating)×(the number of sub-periods). By changing the ratio of the length of a sub-period to the length of another sub-period or the range of the driving voltage (or current), the dynamic range of the display can be further increased.

Abstract: A high voltage driver with capacitive coupling that is useful in the presence of the high power supply ripple common with higher-voltage systems. It permits extreme ranges of duty cycle, but without the limitations of transformer magnetics, or the increased complexity of optical coupling methods. It is also robust in the presence of voltage transients created by high-voltage arcing to the output drive-line.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally provide m Methods and apparatus for reducing power consumption of backlit displays are described. Power consumption is reduced by dimming backlighting by a first scale factor and boosting pixel values by a second scale factor to compensate for the dimming. The scale factors may be constant values. Alternately, one or both of the scale factors may be determined based on pixel values for one or more frames to be displayed and/or one or more frames that have been displayed. For example, scale factors may be calculated based on an average linear amplitude of one or more frames of pixel values or from a maximum pixel value of one or more frames of pixel values. A graphical processing system is described including an integrated circuit capable of transforming a pixel value from a gamma-compensated space to a linear space.

Abstract: One frame is divided into three sub-frames of red, green and blue colors, and, in each sub-frame, the time (TA) necessary for writing scanning, the time (TC) necessary for erasing scanning, the time (TB) from the end timing of writing scanning to the start timing of erasing scanning, and the time (TD) from the end timing of erasing scanning to the start timing of writing scanning of the next color (the next sub-frame) are each 25% of the sub-frame. The relations TB+TC=TA+TD, and TB=TD are satisfied. A back-light is turned on during the time from the start timing of writing scanning to the end timing of erasing scanning, and is turned off during the time from the end timing of erasing scanning to the start timing of writing scanning of the next color. The ON time of the back-light is 75% of the sub-frame.

Abstract: A system and method of use of a storage capacitor to improve the appearance and addressing characteristics of an electronically driven display. The capacitor is formed by the overlap of portions of electrodes used to address different pixels, or by the overlap of an addressing line and a conductor. An insulator layer situated between the capacitor electrodes can be the same insulator layer present in an FET transistor used to address the pixel. Methods of use of capacitors to achieve improved display addressing are disclosed.

Abstract: A presentation system comprises a display for setting a virtual screen, a pointing mark for operating a point on the display, a photographing device for photographing the pointing mark and the display, a displaying device for displaying a predetermined image or the photographed image photographed by the photographing device, and a control device. The control device calculates coordinates of the pointing mark on coordinates of the virtual screen and has a pointing function for synthesizing a predetermined point image at coordinates of the image on the displaying device, which correspond to the coordinates of the pointing mark.

Abstract: Control device (computer mouse) for moving a visual pointer on a display constituting part of a user interface for computer equipment. The control device is designed to be used hand held free of support from any surface, as the movement of the pointer in two dimensions takes place by means of a guide pin), a so-called joy-stick. The guide pin preferably has a double function so that it may also be used for scrolling the display. The control device may include an attachment for the user's hand or wrist, and may be integrated with a telephone receiver or with a remote control for a television set or the like.

Abstract: An input device includes: a tapping sound detector configured to detect a tapping sound made by a user to generate a tapping sound detection signal; a converter configured to convert the tapping sound detection signal into an input operation signal; and an operation signal output device configured to output the input operation signal. The operation signal output device includes a wireless transmitter.

Abstract: A displayed viewing area switching device has a switch support, at least three button switches disposed separately in a radial manner on the switch support, each with operating buttons toward the center of the switch support, a manipulation lever having a plurality of manipulation projections corresponding to the operating buttons of the button switches a lever guide supporting the manipulation lever to slide radially, and a spring member having an elastic force resistant to the radial sliding motion of the manipulation lever. This configuration allows the manipulation projections to press the corresponding operating buttons by the radial sliding motion of the manipulation lever to generate movement signals moving the displayed viewing area in radial directions.

Abstract: An integrated switch-indicator unit includes a light emitting diode (LED) structure for providing a plurality of indicators and an overlay input device integrated with the LED structure. The overlay input device includes a non-conductive substrate and a plurality of conductive electrode pairs. The plurality of conductive electrode pairs are formed on the substrate and each form a proximity sensitive region and include a first electrode that receives an input signal and a second electrode that provides an output signal. The first and second electrodes are capacitively coupled and the capacitance of the electrode pair changes when a conductive member, e.g., a user's finger, is located near the electrode pair.

Abstract: A handheld device includes a motion detection module operable to detect motion of the device within three dimensions and a memory maintaining a spatial signature comprising a particular movement of the device with respect to a reference position. The device also includes a signature detection module operable to determine an input signature by identifying an initial position of the device and tracking movement of the device in reference to the initial position using the motion detection module, to determine whether the input signature substantially matches the spatial signature, and to generate an authorization in response to determining that the input signature substantially matches the spatial signature.

Abstract: A motion controlled handheld device includes a user interface comprising a display having a viewable surface and operable to generate a current image and a motion detection module operable to detect motion of the device within three dimensions and to identify components of the motion in relation to the viewable surface. The device includes a device state tracking module operable to analyze the components to determine an environmental state of the device. The environmental state comprises a motion state and an orientation of the device with respect to gravity. The device also includes a controller operable to execute an application and to perform an operation of the application based on the environmental state.

Abstract: A motion controlled handheld device includes a display having a viewable surface and operable to generate an image. The device includes a motion detection module operable to detect motion of the device within three dimensions and to identify components of the motion in relation to the viewable surface. The device also includes a motion response module operable to identify a base reference position, to track the motion of the device in relation to the base reference position, to modify the image in response to the motion, to detect a predetermined pattern of motion of the device, to maintain the image without adjustment during the predetermined pattern of motion, to detect a completion of the predetermined pattern of motion, and to reset the base reference position upon detecting completion of the predetermined pattern of motion.

Abstract: An input device for an electronic system includes a force sensor having conductive interdigitated traces on a bottom substrate and a flexible substrate spaced apart from the bottom substrate. The flexible substrate has a resistive layer deposited on a bottom side facing the interdigitated traces. A snap dome is positioned over a portion of the force sensor flexible substrate. A flexible keymat membrane is positioned over the force sensor and the snap dome. The keymat membrane bottom surface faces the force sensor flexible substrate. The keymat membrane bottom surface has a protruding region surrounding the snap dome and spaced above the force sensor flexible substrate. A center keycap on the keymat membrane top surface is positioned over the snap dome. A surrounding keycap on the keymat membrane encloses the center keycap and is positioned over the keymat membrane protruding region.

Abstract: A projection surface on which a predetermined projection image is projected is provided; a writing surface on which an image can be drawn directly in a superimposing manner with a projection image displayed on the projection surface is provided; and a photography part photographing an image drawn on the writing surface by means of an image-pickup part comprising two-dimensionally-disposed pixels is provided.

Abstract: A pointing device provided with a sensor substrate 1 having a flat board form, a stick member 22 vertically provided on the sensor substrate 1, and at least a pair of strain sensors 8a–8d arranged in symmetrical relation to each other with respect to the stick member 22. The sensor substrate 1 is formed with four slits 3b which allow deformation of the strain sensors 8a–8d during operation of the stick member 22. The slits 3b each have an L-shape and jointly form a cross-shaped intersecting area 7 in which the strain sensors 8a–8d are arranged.

Abstract: A haptic input apparatus includes: a supporting member having a spherical bearing; a lever handle having a spherical portion to be supported by the spherical bearing; an electromagnetic coil arranged opposite to a lower end surface of the lever handle; detection means for detecting an operating state of the lever handle; and control means for taking in an output signal a from the detection means to output a driving signal b of the electromagnetic coil based on the output signal a. The control means reads outs a control signal c from the electromagnetic coil corresponding to an output signal a to be inputted from the detection means from a first storage to output to a first driver circuit. The first driver circuit D/A converts the control signal c outputted from the CPU for amplifying, and outputs a driving signal b from the electromagnetic coil.

Abstract: A manually moveable FPS control unit for moving a cursor on a console display screen, which unit has a forward end housing an optical sensor adapted for selective positioning in front of an axis of rotation at a rearward location. Rotation about the rearward axis creates arc movements of the optical sensor, and these arc paths are translated into horizontal cursor movements on a display screen. A manually controlled pistol-shaped-grip provides rotation of the unit about the rear vertically-located axis. Roller wheel and other conventional control switches are mounted on the grip handle itself for natural and quick control over images displayed on the screen.

Abstract: A keyboard having a plurality of first keys on one side and second keys on the other, separated by a circuit board and a plurality of domes. The circuit board can be activated for entering information in an electronic device by pressing one or more keys on either side via the domes. The keyboard can be fixedly mounted on the cover of the electronic device such that the first keys can be used when the cover is closed and the second keys can be used when the cover is open. The keyboard can also be removably mounted so as to allow a user to change the keyboard side to be used. Alternatively, one side of the keyboard has a touch pad instead of keys.

Abstract: A keyboard apparatus includes a fabric and switch units coupled to the fabric. Each switch unit includes a capsule containing an electrically responsive liquid, wherein the electrically responsive liquid causes the capsule to increase in rigidity in response to application of an electric field to the electrically responsive liquid. Each switch unit also includes one or more switches coupled to the capsule, wherein a selected pressure applied to the capsule activates or more of the switches underneath the capsule. The keyboard apparatus also contains electrical conducting lines connected to the switch units.

Abstract: A system for information management consists of a product, for instance a notepad sheet, which has a writing surface (3) with a position code (5), which codes a plurality of positions on the surface, and a device, which is adapted to record the information which is being written on the writing surface by detecting the position code. Moreover, on the product there are a number of activation icons (7a–g). When such an activation icon is detected by the device, the device initiates a predetermined operation which utilizes the recorded information. Such an operation can, for instance, consist of sending the recorded information to an indicated address. A product, a device, a method and a computer program for information management are also shown.

Abstract: A method and system are provided to correct one or more sensor signals having errors induced by a viscoelastic effect. The errors may be characterized using a combination of linear or non linear functions. The characterization of the errors may be used to reduce the errors from the sensor signals. In one aspect of the invention, the errors associated with a viscoelastic effect are reduced from the sensor signals by filtering the sensor signals, scaling the output of the filter circuit to produce correction factors and subtracting the correction factors from the sensor signals. Corrected sensor signals may be used to determine the location of a touch on a touch screen with improved accuracy.

Abstract: What is disclosed are various embodiments of a removable control panel for multi-function equipment for the alternative navigation and selection of various available options presented. The embodiment of FIG. 7 is shown comprising four arrow-shaped buttons so the impaired user can navigate controls and options displayed. An ENTER button is provided for formalizing the entry of desired selections, where required. An UNDO button is provided to de-select entries. A STATUS button initiates audio, visual, or tactile feedback as to machine state, status, and other assistance. An ENLARGE button is provided by which a visually impaired user can enlarge their current focus for easier seeing and reading. An ON/OFF switch enables/disables feedback for use in those work environments where such assistance is not desired. Each of the buttons has an identifying shape, which can be differentiated by feel, and Braille and other text are additionally provided.

Abstract: In a state in which any one of selection buttons is selected (state in which a color is reversed), a touch panel in a controller is operated, and, the selected state of the selection button is released when an operation signal from the above controller is corresponding to a moving trajectory from a gray zone to another gray zone through a cancellation zone. Thereby, unnatural feeling at operation caused by distance between a finger position on the touch panel of the controller and a position of the selection button in the selected state is reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A system and method that allows one to mark information with a pencil or conductive ink on paper equipped with a RFID type circuit, and have the marked information provided to the RFID circuit, or have the written information cause the RFID circuit to perform some function. The marked entered information may be corrected by erasing the written information with a pencil eraser and writing new information on the paper with a pencil. Information may also be marked into a RFID circuit or have the marked information cause the RFID circuit to perform some function by utilizing a standard ink jet computer printer to print lines on paper equipped with a RFID type circuit, by having the printed lines perform the function of wires. The aforementioned printed information may be modified by having an individual connect different printed wires by drawing a penciled line between the wires or by punching holes in the printed lines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a portable information terminal with fewer differences between models in a parts configuration even when manufacturing a plurality of models with different detectors. The portable information terminal includes an upper cover section and a main body and the upper cover section is provided with a digitizer detecting, when a position on a display screen is pointed, the position and outputting a position signal and a conversion board that converts the position signal output from the digitizer through analog signal lines to a predetermined digital signal and inputs the signal to the main body.

Abstract: Bending wave vibrations propagating in a substrate of a touch input device are sensed. Provision is made for discriminating between sensed vibrations propagating in the substrate indicative of an intended touch and sensed vibrations propagating in the substrate indicative of an unintended touch. In response to the sensed vibrations propagating in the substrate indicative of the intended touch, a wake-up signal is generated. The wake-up signal is communicated to a control system of the touch input device for transitioning the control system from a sleep state to an operational state.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a substrate, a lower electrode on the substrate, a piezoelectric layer on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode on the piezoelectric layer. The upper electrode includes a common base and a plurality of parallel branches extending from the base. The branches are arranged at a regular interval or pitch ?1. The lower electrode faces the branches of the upper electrode via the piezoelectric layer. The thickness h of the piezoelectric layer and the branch pitch ?1 are determined to satisfy an inequality 0.005?h/?1?0.1. The lower electrode has a hillock occurrence rate which is no greater than 0.1%.

Abstract: Comprises a panel, and a coordinate control section that detects a point touched on the panel and generates a signal according to the detected point. The coordinate control section generates a coordinate signal that shows coordinates of a touched point, when one point touch on the panel has been detected. When simultaneous touches of two or more points on the panel have been detected, the coordinate control section generates a control signal that shows a control set in advance corresponding to the number of touched points.

Abstract: Electronic devices having image-based data input systems are described. In one aspect, an electronic device includes a window, multiple indicia, an image sensor, and a data input processor. The window has a contact surface with an input region. The multiple indicia are viewable in the input region of the contact surface. The image sensor is constructed and arranged to produce image signals corresponding to images of the input region. The data input processor is coupled to the image sensor and is operable to produce input signals based on image signals produced by the image sensor and a mapping between areas of the input region images and locations of the input indicia.

Abstract: A method and system that converts ballistic movement of a pen (e.g., movement of a pen point across a surface) into thickness information for digital ink data. The pen includes at least one accelerometer that is used to generate the ballistic information. A thickness conversion component may be located on a computer that is remote from the pen, and the ballistic information is transmitted to the computer via a hardwired or wireless connection. The accelerometer generates the ballistic information in the form of pulses, the width of which is directly related to the acceleration of the pen movements. The thickness conversion component converts the acceleration information, with or without additional information such as coordinate information, into thickness information for digital ink. This thickness information may be used to generate variably thick lines, which may be useful for a variety of applications, for example, better display and improved recognition.

Abstract: The invention, an improved device and method for the pointer system of a digitizer tablet, is to repetitiously emit signals sequentially from a specific set of inductive loop when the position pointed by the wireless pointer device is located within a range formed by this specific set of inductive loop induced most intensively during a locally scanning process. After a transient energy storage of the wireless pointer device, corresponding resonant signals are emitted out and are received sequentially by several sets of inductive loop located on the digitizer tablet in the neighborhood of this specific set of inductive loop and, by these signals, the wireless pointer device's coordinate position on the digitizer tablet is calculated out relatively.

Abstract: Video signals from a plurality of personal computers are written to a memory that stores video signals for a plurality of display screens through respective buffers. The video signals may be read from the respective buffers and displayed simultaneously on a single monitor. By selecting the video displayed in a portion of the monitor, the personal computer sending those video signals to the monitor may be selected for active operation. In this manner, a single set of input devices may be used to control a plurality of personal computers.

Abstract: A 2.2th-power to 1st-power conversion circuit 102 uses a 2.2th-power curve to convert an input R signal ‘a’ into an R signal ‘b’ expressed in a 1st-power signal space. Offsets, which are to be added to a G signal and a B signal, at each tone of the R signal ‘b’ expressed in the 1st-power signal space have been stored in advance in a GLUT 112 for R and a BLUT 113 for R. In response to input of the R signal ‘b’, the GLUT 112 for R and the BLUT 113 for R output the offsets, which are to be added to the G signal and the B signal, according to the tone value of the R signal ‘b’. An adder circuit 122 adds offsets ‘c’ and ‘d’, which are output from an RLUT 114 for G and an RLUT 116 for B, to the R signal ‘b’ output from the 2.2th-power to 1st-power conversion circuit 102, so as to give an R signal ‘e’. A 1st-power to 2.2th-power conversion circuit 132 reversely converts the R signal ‘e’ according to the 2.2th-power curve.

Abstract: A driving circuit for driving a capacitive load promptly to a target voltage is to have a broad dynamic range and achieve a high accuracy output and saving in the surface area with low power dissipation. A first period and a second period are provided in one data driving period. During the first period, a transistor amplifier for driving the load for charging, with a setting drive voltage (V1), and a transistor amplifier for driving the load for discharging, with a setting drive voltage (V2), with V1<V2, are both enabled for actuation and, during the second period, the transistor amplifier performing either the driving for charging or the driving for discharging, and a constant current source, performing the reverse of the operation of the transistor amplifier, are actuated, for driving the load to the target voltage.