Abstract: In a method of measuring exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, preferably in test benches, through the use of CVS (constant value sampling) full-flow systems, the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is mixed with combustion gas, preferably air, and the volume flow or mass flow of the combustion air is determined by the CVS full-flow system. This mass flow exceeds thereby the maximum quantity of combustion air needed by the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a structure-borne noise generated in a combustion chamber is detected by a structure-borne noise sensor. A quantity is ascertained on the basis of the structure-borne noise signal. A reference quantity of an undrifted structure-borne noise sensor is ascertained for a certain reference operating state for the combustion chamber, during continuous operation of the engine the quantity is ascertained for the reference operating state, and from a change over time of the ascertained quantity with respect to the reference quantity, a drift of the structure-borne noise sensor is ascertained.

Abstract: A malfunction of a thermostat in a coolant circulating path is detected from an engine side coolant temperature in consideration of the following behavior of the coolant temperature. When an open-malfunction occurs, the coolant temperature becomes different considerably from that in the normal time in the temperature range in which the thermostat is to be normally closed. When a closure-malfunction occurs, the coolant temperature becomes different considerably from that during the normal time in the temperature range in which the thermostat is to be normally opened. Alternatively, the malfunction may be detected from a difference between the engine side coolant temperature and a radiator side coolant temperature.

Abstract: A device and a method are proposed for monitoring, tracking and determining at least one calibration parameter of the geometrical calibration of at least one image sensor, the at least one image sensor monitoring a scene that stays the same in parts. In one exemplary embodiment, the at least one image sensor is used for monitoring the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: Provided is a method for detecting decrease in an inner pressure of a tire with excellent accuracy by calculating accurate dynamic load radii by comparing the GPS speed information with tire rotational speed information collecting data only when a stable measurement of the dynamic load radii is possible, as well as by utilizing GPS positioning information for a running state of a vehicle, and an apparatus and a program thereof.

Abstract: A wind gauge includes a wind vane. The wind vane includes at least one wing. The wind vane is adapted to assume a prescribed level position responsive to a prescribed corresponding wind speed incident on the wind vane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device which determines the filling level by means of high-frequency measuring signals which are guided along a waveguide. The invention is based on the object of optimizing the waveguide. According to a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the waveguide is a wire cable which comprises a plurality of individual wires of a predetermined diameter which are twisted together.

Abstract: A control device obtains water level information and transfers the information to a control room through an indoor power unit coordinated with a unit for collecting the water level information and a unit for adding power frequency carrier carrying the water level information.

Abstract: The magnetometer assembly according to this invention includes a first coil assembly and a second coil assembly for detecting separate magnetic fields along an axial portion of a torque transducer. The first and second coil assemblies are driven by independently adjustable circuits. Each of the circuits are independently adjustable to adjust the gain that is distributed to each of the first and second coils. This provides for an adjustment and precise alignment of a magnetic field generated by the first coil and the second coil assembly such that external magnetic fields can be cancelled providing increased accuracy and reduced hysteresis effects.

Abstract: A three-degrees of freedom (DOF) MEMS inertial micromachined gyroscope with nonresonant actuation with a drive direction, sense direction and a direction perpendicular to the drive and sense directions comprises a planar substrate, a 2-DOF sense-mode oscillator coupled to the substrate operated at a flattened wide-bandwidth frequency region, and a 1-DOF drive mode oscillator coupled operated at resonance in the flattened wide-bandwidth frequency region to achieve large drive-mode amplitudes.

Abstract: A ring resonator gyro comprises a folded cylinder suspension that supports a cylindrical ring resonator. The folded cylinder suspension comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, and an annulus. The inner cylinder, the outer cylinder, and the annulus are concentric. A top edge of the inner cylinder is coupled with an inner edge of the annulus. A top edge of the outer cylinder is coupled with an outer edge of the annulus.

Abstract: Multi-axis micromachined accelerometer which, in some disclosed embodiments, has a proof mass suspended above a substrate for movement in response to acceleration along first and second axes, a first detection electrode connected to the proof mass and constrained for movement only along the first axis, and a second detection electrode connected to the proof mass and constrained for movement only along the second axis. In another embodiment, the proof mass is also movable in response to acceleration along a third axis which is perpendicular to the substrate, and a third detection electrode is mounted on the substrate beneath the proof mass for detecting movement of the proof mass in response to acceleration along the third axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a glue quantity or glue mass applied to a wrapping strip of the tobacco-processing industry includes an ultrasound measuring system. The ultrasound measuring system comprises at least two ultrasound generating sources adapted to supply the wrapping strip with ultrasound, at least two ultrasound sensor receiving units adapted to receive the ultrasound signals penetrating the wrapping strip, and a separating wall arranged between at least two of the ultrasound generating sources and/or between at least two of the ultrasound sensor receiving units.

Abstract: A method for monitoring damage to a structure having an actuator and a sensor. The method includes exciting the actuator across a predetermined frequency range to excite the structure, measuring a vibrational characteristic of the structure across the predetermined frequency range in response to the excitation of the actuator using the sensor, calculating a transfer function for the actuator and the sensor using the measured vibrational characteristic, determining a change in the vibrational characteristic across the predetermined frequency range using the transfer function, and analyzing the determined change in the vibrational characteristic across the predetermined frequency range to facilitate determining whether the structure is damaged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of detecting non-linear operation of a measuring device comprising an array of transducers and at least one receiver channel portion. The method comprises receiving measured signals through transducers of the array, processing the measured signals from the transducers through the receiver channel portion, combining the processed measured signals to produce a combined measurement signal, and detecting non-linearity of the combined measurement signal and non-linear operation of the measuring device by detecting saturation of the receiver channel portion. In one embodiment, the receiver channel portion comprises an analog-to-digital converter, a threshold is assigned to a digital output of the analog-to-digital converter, and saturation of the receiver channel portion is detected when the digital output of the analog-to-digital converter oversteps the assigned threshold. In one application of the invention, the measuring device is a non-destructive testing device.

Abstract: A dynamic focusing apparatus and method for ultrasonic imaging, using transducer frequency encoding technique to map different positions of the surface of a transducer to different frequency responses. To a particular focal position, the time delay required for focusing from various positions on the transducer surface to the focal point can be calculated. By combining frequency responses and time delays that correspond to different transducer positions, a single transmit waveform can be used to drive the transducer and to realize focusing similar to that of an array imaging system. Similar principles can be applied to dynamic focusing at the receive end. A filter can be used to select particular positions on a transducer surface. The received signal extracted in this manner can also be time delayed for focusing. By combining all filters that correspond to different transducer positions, dynamic receive focusing can be implemented using a single position dependent filter.

Abstract: Method and systems for non-destructive testing of a gas or liquid filled object at atmospheric pressure or high pressure. The method includes steps of: providing an acoustic pulse reflectometry (APR) system having a wideband transmitter, a pressure sensor and a short mixed wave tube, performing at least one calibration to obtain at least one calibration parameter; attaching the object to the APR system and performing a measurement to obtain an object test result and processing the object test result and the at least one calibration parameter to obtain an object impulse response that reflects a status of the object.

Abstract: A contact-type electric capacitive displacement sensor includes a stationary element having a stationary plate, a stationary conductive pattern formed on the stationary plate and an insulation film coated on the stationary plate and a displaceable element having a displaceable plate, a displaceable conductive pattern formed on the displaceable plate and an insulation film coated on the displaceable plate. The stationary and the displaceable conductive patterns have a cyclic pattern of conductor to thereby produce a variation of capacitance therebetween when moving relative to each other.

Abstract: A shear stress sensor for measuring fluid wall shear stress on a test surface is provided. The wall shear stress sensor is comprised of an active sensing surface and a sensor body. An elastic mechanism mounted between the active sensing surface and the sensor body allows movement between the active sensing surface and the sensor body. A driving mechanism forces the shear stress sensor to oscillate. A measuring mechanism measures displacement of the active sensing surface relative to the sensor body. The sensor may be operated under periodic excitation where changes in the nature of the fluid properties or the fluid flow over the sensor measurably changes the amplitude or phase of the motion of the active sensing surface, or changes the force and power required from a control system in order to maintain constant motion.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic flowmeter designed to use a smaller excitation device and applicable to measurement on tubular channels of various sectional shapes. The electromagnetic flowmeter 10 includes an excitation device 11 for forming a magnetic field perpendicular to an outer wall 11b of a tubular channel 1, and a pair of electrodes 2a and 2b for measuring an electromotive force generated by the movement of the electroconductive fluid across the magnetic field. The electrodes 2a and 2b and two magnetic poles of the excitation device 11 are collectively placed on the outer wall 1b at one side of the tubular channel 1.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow sensor that includes a conduit having a length, a first ultrasonic transducer disposed at a first position along the length of the conduit, a second ultrasonic transducer disposed at a second position along the length of the conduit, the second position being spaced apart from the first position, a first reflecting interface and a second reflecting interface. The first reflecting interface is in registration with the first ultrasonic transducer to receive first acoustic energy from the first ultrasonic transducer and to reflect the first acoustic energy in a direction generally along a length of the conduit and into a fluid within the conduit. The second reflecting interface is in registration with the second ultrasonic transducer to receive second acoustic energy from the second ultrasonic transducer and to reflect the second acoustic energy in a direction generally along the length of the conduit and into the fluid within the conduit.

Abstract: A portable flow measuring apparatus is provided that measures the speed of sound and/or vortical disturbances propagating in a fluid flow to determine a parameter of the flow propagating through a pipe. The apparatus includes a sensing device that includes an array of pressure sensors, which may be removable, used to measure the acoustic and convective pressure variations in the flow to determine a desired parameter. A portable processing instrument processes the signals provided by the sensing array to provide an output signal indicative of a parameter of the fluid flow. The portable processing instrument includes a processor having appropriate processing algorithms to determine the desired or selected parameter(s) of the process flow 12. The portable processing instrument has a user interface to permit the user to select the parameters to be measured in the process flow, and/or more importantly, to enable the user to modify particular parameters or functions in the processor 30 and/or processing algorithms.

Abstract: A flow meter for measuring the volume of fluid flowing through the meter includes an inner cylindrical tube through which the fluid flows and an outer cylindrical tube tending over the inner cylindrical tube. The outer cylindrical tube is radially spaced from the cylindrical inner tube to provide an annular cylindrical space between the inner cylindrical tube and the outer cylindrical tube. A seal between the inner cylindrical tube and the outer cylindrical tube closes the annular cylindrical space adjacent ends of the annular cylindrical space. The inner cylindrical tube further defines at least one opening in a wall of the inner cylindrical tube to balance the fluid pressure in the annular cylindrical space with the pressure in the inner cylindrical tube.

Abstract: When outputs from two vibration detection sensors are measured by a Coriolis flowmeter in a form of phase difference time, a tube must be thinned to increase a sensitivity of the flowmeter to enable measurement and accordingly flow velocity and pressure loss increase, and a thickness of the flowmeter must be reduced and therefore a pressure resistance cannot be readily enhanced. In particular, the sensitivity of signals to flow rate is difficult to increase and, accordingly, a flow rate of a low-density gas cannot be accurately measured. In the present invention, a Coriolis vibration frame 16 carrying a U-shaped tube is swingably fixed to a forced vibration frame 19 fixed to a support base 22 to form a highly rigid frame structure limiting a vibrating direction to one degree of freedom in a Coriolis vibration direction. The forced vibration frame 19 is vibrated by a vibration exciter 20 so that a ratio of a forced vibration frequency to the Coriolis frequency of a pipeline is at least 1 to 10.

Abstract: A rotation indicator assembly having an inner sleeve with an outer surface surrounded by an outer sleeve. The outer sleeve seals a spiral pathway between the inner and outer sleeves. The spiral pathway is filled with at least a first material and a second material of different densities, for example a liquid and a gas.

Abstract: A magnetometer for a force sensor assembly includes first inner and outer coils that are spaced axially apart from second inner and outer coils. Between the inner and outer coils is a plurality of magnetic strips. These magnetic strips are disposed at axially distinct portions within the inner and outer coils to detect magnetic field asymmetry. A drive circuit is connected to the inner coils and the outer coils generate an alternating magnetic field. The magnetometer of this invention creates an artificially enhanced demagnetization field reducing hysteresis within the sensor assembly.

Abstract: A magneto-elastic torque sensor and system include a substrate and a magneto-elastic sensing component formed from or on the substrate. The magneto-elastic sensing component and the substrate together form a magneto-elastic torque sensor, which when subject to a stress associated with a torque, shifts a characteristic frequency thereof linearly in response to the torque, thereby inducing a pathway by which magneto-elastic energy is coupled to excite vibrations in a basal plane of the magneto-elastic sensor, thereby generating torque-based information based on a resonant frequency thereof.

Abstract: A dual rate force transducer is disclosed. A spring is machined to have a first spring portion with a first spring rate, a second spring portion with a second spring rate, and a platen between the spring portions. A pair of flanges are affixed to the distal ends of the spring portions. At least one sensor is affixed to one of the flanges, and at least one other sensor is affixed to another one of the flanges. Mounting hardware is used to couple the springs, flanges and platen together, including at least one mechanical stop to limit displacement of the spring.

Abstract: A sampling system that contains filter components for collecting and concentrating vapor and particles in high-volume flows. The sample is then vaporized and delivered to a detector at a low-volume flow. The invention also has a sampling probe that contains an air-jet to help dislodge particles from surfaces and a heating lamp to help vaporize compounds on surfaces or objects. The sampling system is especially useful for screening for explosives and other illicit chemicals and toxins on people, baggage, cargo, and other objects.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrostatic collector for low cost, high throughput, high efficiency sampling and concentration of bioaerosols. The device is small enough to be portable and can be contained within or placed on the wall of a typical office or hospital building. The collector comprises one or more collector modules, each having an ionizing electrode, a conical outer electrode, a wet collection electrode, and a liquid collection system. Airflow through a collector module may be partially blocked to enhance the collection of smaller particles and the collection electrode may comprise multiple, programmable electrodes to focus particle deposition onto a smaller area. Particles are collected into a small volume of liquid to facilitate subsequent analysis by an attached analyzer or at a remote site.

Abstract: A portable weathering test apparatus includes a portable housing, a specimen holder disposed in the housing and configured to hold at least one test specimen, a mounting board disposed in the housing at a distance from the specimen holder, an ultraviolet light source disposed on the mounting board and configured to emit ultraviolet radiation toward a testing surface of the specimen, and a power supply circuit operatively coupled to a power supply and the ultraviolet light source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring sensor held under pre-stress for measuring forces and /or torques. In the inventive embodiment, a sensor is integrated into an adapter sleeve, which is configured in a compact manner in such a way that it is equipped with devices for connection to an adapter part and devices for fixing to a measuring component. The sensor is subjected to the required pre-stress by connecting the adapter sleeve to the adapter part. An amplification module can also be mounted in the adapter sleeve.

Abstract: An armature for holding an interchangeable measuring probe, has a housing (2), an immersion tube (3) that removably receives the probe and which is axially movable in the housing between a rest position and a measuring position, a drive mechanism arranged in a drive mechanism housing (17, 26), and a drive element (4) designed to be coupled to the immersion tube. The immersion tube and/or the measuring probe are always located outside of the drive mechanism housing. A housing attachment (25) is arranged between the housing and the drive mechanism housing, the housing attachment being connected to the housing in a releasable manner.

Abstract: The present invention is a combination of three interconnected gyroscopic ring-like rotating masses, with each of the three ring-like masses being configured to rotate in various planes, depending on the desired orientation. Regardless of the orientation of the three rings, each of the three interconnected rotating masses will share substantially the same center of gravity and generate a separate yet interactive kinetic energy and angular momentum in each of the three planes, thereby providing resistance to rotational forces from external sources. This is known as “equal force presence.” Additionally, a series of pedestal supports for supporting the three ring-like masses is disclosed.

Abstract: A construction width region Aowc of a one-way clutch overlaps with a mesh width region Agg where torque is transferred from a pinion to a ring gear at the time of startup of the engine, so that the center positions of the two regions coincide with each other in the direction of the rotation axis. Due to this overlap, the reaction force that occurs on a one-way clutch when torque is transferred from the pinion to the ring gear can be sufficiently restrained from becoming, together with the torque, a force that inclines the rotation axis of the ring gear. Therefore, it is possible to restrain the direction of engagement force from tilting from a normal position relative to a sprag or the like of the one-way clutch, and to sufficiently prevent occurrence of bad engagement. Furthermore, damages, such as impressions inside a bearing and the like, and deformations of oil seal portions can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention provides a shift mechanism disposed in a housing for providing operable communication between a shift actuator and a shift sleeve. The shift mechanism generally includes a shift rail, a shift fork, a first biasing member, and a second biasing member. The shift rail is slidably supported by the housing. The shift fork is slidably disposed on the shift rail and engages the shift sleeve. The first biasing member is disposed between the shift actuator and the shift rail for selectively biasing the shift rail in a first direction upon actuation of the shift actuator. The second biasing member is disposed between the housing and the shift fork for biasing the shift fork in a second direction that is substantially opposite the first direction.

Abstract: A mainshaft assembly for a gearbox and a gearbox embodying such a mainshaft assembly are disclosed. The mainshaft assembly comprises a mainshaft, and several drive gears, each carried for rotation about the mainshaft, each drive gear having a different number of teeth. The assembly includes first and a second hub, each being associated with a respective drive gear, each hub having a dog ring operable to selectively couple with the drive gear causing it to rotate with the hub or uncouple from the drive gear to allow the drive gear to rotate with respect to the hub. A respective drive connection means comprising a cage and rollers is associated with each hub and is operative to connect or disconnect the hub to the mainshaft for rotation with it or to allow rotation with respect to it.

Abstract: A swing mechanism for a construction machine is provided with a center frame 3 having a pinion insertion hole 3c, an inner race having an internal gear and mounted on a side of an undercarriage, an outer race 1b rotatably arranged surrounding the inner race and provided with the center frame secured thereon by bolts 8a, a pinion maintained in meshing engagement with the internal gear of the inner race, and a pinion drive device. A pin fit-in hole 3d arranged in the center frame 3 such that a knock pin 6 fixed on the outer race 1b is fitted in the pin fit-in hole to position the center frame 3. To arrange the pin fit-in hole 3d in the center frame 3, a pin fit-in hole portion 20 through which the pin fit-in hole 3d is formed is locally arranged such that the pin fit-in hole portion 20 extends toward the pinion insertion hole 3c to have a center of the pin fit-in hole 3d located on a center connection line S.

Abstract: A transmission element for a zero backlash transmission with at least two transmission paths that are tensioned relative to one another has a first transmission part and a second transmission part that are elastically tensionable relative to one another. At least one torsion spring element for increasing the elasticity is provided. The torsion spring element transmits torque between the first and second transmission parts and the first and second transmission parts are rotatable relative to one another.

Abstract: In a pinion motor having a pinion formed on the motor shaft that is supported by a load side bearing and a counter-load side bearing, the motor includes an accompanying instrument that requires precise control of the axial distance with respect to the motor shaft within a predetermined range of the axial distance. The counter-load side bearing has an inner ring securely coupled to the motor shaft and an outer ring securely coupled to the motor case. The load side bearing has an inner ring coupled to the motor shaft with a close fit and an outer ring coupled to the motor case with a clearance fit.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method of a rack shaft, the rack shaft is formed by mounting a shaft raw material on a receiving groove of a lower mold, the receiving mold having an approximately U-shaped cross section, thereafter arranging an upper mold having a rack-teeth-forming teeth portion formed in a rectangular shape in a bottom view and capable of oscillating in a width direction of the receiving groove around a center in the width direction of the rack-teeth-forming teeth portion, in such a manner that the center of oscillation lies on a vertical line of a center in a width direction of the rack teeth, pressing the shaft raw material in the diametrical direction, deforming the shaft raw material along the receiving groove, and thereafter deforming the shaft raw material while oscillating the upper mold so as to form a rack teeth.

Abstract: A method for carrying out gearshifting of a bicycle derailleur through an actuation device is described that utilizes a mobile mechanical member to control the derailleur. Every gearshifting operation corresponds to a movement of predetermined amount of the mobile member. The method is carried out by the steps of an active initial movement of the mobile member for a first amount equal to only a portion of the amount of the movement corresponding to gearshifting; and an automatic final movement of the mobile member for a second amount equal to the remaining portion of the amount of the movement corresponding to gearshifting. Devices capable of implementing such a method are also described.

Abstract: A pedal assembly is disclosed that includes a gear having a first tooth with a root and terminal ends. The gear rotates due to an input force. The assembly also includes a rack having a second tooth with root and terminal ends. The second tooth meshes with the first tooth at a contact point such that rotation of the gear causes linear movement of the rack. The assembly further includes a biasing member that biases the rack. The assembly additionally includes a slide member on which the rack slides. The slide member is provided on a side of the rack opposite to that of the gear such that the rack pushes on the slide member due to meshing of the first tooth and the second tooth.

Abstract: The apparatus in one embodiment may have: a beam having at least first and second mounting points that are operatively coupled to the beam by first and second flexures, respectivly; the beam having first and second nodal points; the beam having a center area; and an altered mass content in a vicinity of the center area, the altered mass content being such that the first and second nodal points are substantially aligned with the first and second flexures. The beam is therefore supported at the nodal points for the fundamental mode of vibration.

Abstract: A brake actuating system in a motor vehicle having wheels and brakes for braking rotation of the wheels includes a cable system including a plurality of cables operatively connected to the brakes of the vehicle. An actuator is operatively connected to the cable system and is operable by an occupant of the vehicle for movement between applied and released positions to selectively increase and decrease the tension in the cables of the cable system to thereby activate and deactivate the brakes of the vehicle, respectively. A cable tensioner including a rotary input member is selectively and adjustably coupled to an input side cable of the cable system. The input member is rotatable in tensioning and releasing directions. The input side cable includes a retaining structure that prevents disengagement of the input member from the input side cable when the input member is rotated in the releasing direction.

Abstract: The present devices include a selector lever operable by a user for remotely controlling a motor vehicle transmission, a biasing element to maintain one end of said selector lever in contact with a contoured surface for providing the user with a shifting feeling, and a detector element comprising an emitting element and a receiving element, one of which is attached to said end of the selector lever such that the position of the end of the selector lever on said contoured surface can be detected.

Abstract: A rotational movement generating and amplifying apparatus comprising a first disk of a first radius; a rotating first rod protruding upward from the first disk; and a rotational assembly having a first elongated plate member, second elongated plate member, and second disk. The first plate member connecting to the first rod. The second disk of a second radius, being adjacent to the first disk. The second disk having a rotating second rod protruding upwards therefrom. The second rod extending through the first plate member and connecting to the second elongated plate member. The second plate member having an attachment point located a predetermined distance away from the axis of the first disk of at least double the distance of the sum of the first and second radius. The axis of the second disk not being coplanar with the axis of the first disk and the attachment point.

Abstract: A bicycle component is made of composite material provided with at least one insert for coupling with another bicycle component, as well as a process for its manufacture. Before the molding process of the composite material, between the insert and the composite material an adhesive is applied. The adhesive is partially interpenetrated with the composite material. A high adhesion between the insert and the bicycle component is obtained.

Abstract: A crankshaft for a V-type six-cylinder engine is equipped with first through sixth crank pins, first through fourth crank journals, and first through ninth arms for connecting the crank pins and the crank journals to each other. Of the first through ninth arms, the fifth arm is equipped with no counterweight, and the first through third arms and the seventh through ninth arms are each equipped with a counterweight.

Abstract: Disclosed, is a mechanical energy transmission that can induce power multiplication in any given transmission ratio. It provides a means for obtaining highly desirable transmission effects that are unachievable with the conventional transmission, such as: (I) simultaneous power multiplication and speed multiplication, (II) simultaneous power multiplication and speed retainance or vice versa, (III) power multiplication from a speed reducer transmission ratio, that will be greater in magnitude than if conventional transmission device was applied. It can eliminate limitations of the conventional transmission, such as; (I) the need for variable ratio, (II) the need for a ratio shifting means and (III) power reductions or speed reductions.