Abstract: A map of the surface of a substrate is generated at a measurement station. The substrate is then moved to where a space between a projection lens and the substrate is filled with a liquid. The substrate is then aligned using, for example, a transmission image sensor and, using the previous mapping, the substrate can be accurately exposed. Thus the mapping does not take place in a liquid environment.

Abstract: The invention provides a servo valve which is operable in vacuum systems and can be switched between an open and a closed state even by use of low forces. For that purpose, the valve has a closure member (4) moving between the open and a closed position under influence of a difference between a control pressure of a control chamber (13) and the pressures of the intake (2) and outlet (3), respectively. The control chamber is in constant fluid communication with the intake, and in adjustable fluid communication with the outlet to influence the control pressure mainly by the intake pressure and the outlet pressure depending on the adjustable fluid communication. The invention further provides a vacuum system with such a servo valve.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electromagnetic valve actuator. The actuator includes a housing, a drive stem extending from the housing, and an electro-magnet in operable communication with the housing and drive stem, the drive stem being responsive to a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet. Further disclosed is an electro-magnetic-mechanical valve actuator. The actuator includes a housing, a drive stem having a stem head extending from the housing, a lead screw supported by the housing a motor in driving communication with the lead screw and a follower in threaded communication with the lead screw, the follower selectively electro-magnetically affixable to the stem head. Yet further disclosed herein is a method for operating a valve actuator. The method includes applying a current to an electromagnet to urge a drive stem against a closure spring to open a valve and maintaining current in the electro-magnet to keep the valve in the open position.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a valve may include a plug that is pivotable relative to a portion of a stem so that the plug is capable of aligning itself to the seat liner. In such circumstances, the valve may be manufactured to provide close guidance of the plug proximal to the control surfaces and so as to reduce the sway of the plug relative to the seat liner.

Abstract: A valve for controlling fluids, having a valve housing which has an actuator chamber and at least two laterally located inlet bores that communicates with a high-pressure inlet, and the actuator chamber has an actuator with a ram and an actuator cap, and the actuator chamber has a conical seal, which is embodied by means of a conical face on the end of the actuator chamber and a corresponding annular sealing face on the actuator cap, and with the conical seal a cable outlet can be sealed off. A more-uniform introduction of force to the actuator is attained by the plurality of inlet bores.

Abstract: The electric control valve, in which a throttled flow rate is quantitatively determined by the groove 16 by a rotating position of the valve body 20, the valve seat surface projects like a band from a border band 16C drawing an outline of the groove 16, and the end surface of the valve body 20 contacts slidingly on a top surface of the border band 16C.

Abstract: A solenoid valve capable of handling a corrosive control fluid and developing an increased attraction force. The solenoid valve 1 is adapted such that a fixed core is located in a wound coil 29 and protruding through the lower surface of the coil, a plunger 16 holding a valve sheet 17 is supported by a plate spring 18 under the fixed core, the valve sheet 17 is normally retained in contact with a valve seat 13 by spring force of the plate spring 18, and the valve sheet 17 is separated from the valve seat against the spring force of the plate spring 18 when the coil 29 is energized.

Abstract: The present invention includes a piston valve for charging and discharging a first fluid chamber. The piston valve includes a piston shaft and a ring comprising a seal element. The piston shaft has a first end and a second end with the first end including a counter bore having at least one vent. The ring is disposed within a cylinder and the seal element is disposed intermediate the piston shaft and the ring. The piston valve may be used for intensification purposes such as in a high pressure high temperature hydraulic cartridge.

Abstract: A packing nut assembly for a control valve having a valve body and a valve stem includes a packing box arranged for operative coupling to the valve body and having a primary bore sized to receive the valve stem and first and second counterbores. The first counterbore is sized to receive valve packing and the second counterbore includes internal threads. A packing nut having a central bore is sized to receive the valve stem and includes a threaded outer surface positioned to engage the second counterbore of the packing box. The packing nut includes an adjustment surface positioned to face the first counterbore, and includes an adjustment head having a plurality of tool-receiving apertures sized to receive an adjustment tool.

Abstract: This invention relates to a faucet, which comprises a body and a rotation control device. The body is assembled with a control valve and the control valve has a valve rod. The rotation control device comprises a shell, a handle and a fixing base. The shell is mainly forged with copper material and covers the body. The handle has a connecting part connected to the valve rod through the shell. Furthermore, the fixing base is made of plastic material and comprises a base disc and two fixing plates. The base disc is fixed within the shell and has a through-hole for the valve rod to pass through. The two fixing plates are formed on two opposite sides of the through-hole and tightly clipped with the connecting part of the handle.

Abstract: Unwanted high frequency sound caused by air passing over a pore in the air passageway of an IACV casting is reduced or eliminated by creating a stepped diameter adjacent the pore in the air passageway.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas exchange valve for an internal combustion engine, in each case comprising in particular a hollow valve stem (3) and valve head, in which the valve head comprises a valve bottom and a hollow valve keeper, connected to the external margin of the valve bottom, wherein the valve keeper tapers off as the distance from the bottom increases; the valve stem passes through the hollow valve keeper and is firmly connected to the valve bottom on the one hand, and to the tapering-off end of the valve keeper on the other hand; and the end of the valve stem which is connected to the valve bottom protrudes beyond the connection plane between the valve keeper and the valve bottom, is to be improved in relation to its stability and fatigue strength.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer solid electrolyte excellent in thermal properties, physical properties and ion conductivity and being close to practical level; especially, a totally solid electrolyte and a composition for producing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a liquid for a liquid lens and a liquid lens module. The liquid for a liquid lens comprises an electrolyte solution and an insulating solution wherein the electrolyte solution contains H2O, 1,2-propanediol and LiCl, and the insulating solution is a silicon (Si) oil and optionally contains 1,6-dibromohexane or bromobenzene as an organic additive. The liquid lens module comprises a transparent cover, a case for accommodating an electrolyte solution and an insulating solution, a pair of electrodes for supplying electricity to the electrolyte solution, and an insulating film for covering one of the electrodes in contact with the electrolyte solution wherein the electrolyte solution contains H2O, 1,2-propanediol and LiCl, and the insulating solution is a silicon (Si) oil. The electrolyte solution and the insulating solution used in the liquid for a liquid lens satisfy the requirements for liquid lenses.

Abstract: This invention describes a new refrigerant/lubricant combination for use in stationary and mobile refrigeration and air conditioning applications. In these applications, the refrigerant and lubricant must be soluble in each other (e.g., miscible) to ensure adequate lubricant circulation from the compressor, through the condenser, expansion device, and evaporator, and back to the compressor. Insufficient lubricant circulation will result in compressor failure. Low temperature solubility is particularly important to ensure lubricant flow through the cold evaporator. In addition, the lubricant and refrigerant combination should be stable in the presence of steel, and aluminum and copper containing metals. This invention describes the combination of refrigerant difluoroethane (e.g. R-152a) and polar, oxygenated lubricants, particular polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) and polyolesters (POEs) which may be used as a replacement for R-134a.

Abstract: A lubricant includes a hydrocarbon end group of the formula alkyl-phenol-alkylene oxide-Y wherein Y is the hydrocarbon end group; and wherein the polyalkylene glycol has the formula Z((CH2CH(R1)O)n(CH2CH(R1)O)m)pH wherein Z is a residue of an aryl compound having 1-8 active hydrogens and at least 10 carbons when Z is an aryl group; R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or a mixture thereof; n is 0 or a positive number; m is a positive number; and p is an integer having a value equal to the number of active hydrogens, the compound of which Z is a residue, Y replacing the H. A fluid composition for use in refrigeration systems including the above lubricant and a refrigerant. A method of lubricating compression refrigeration equipment, including the step of mixing the above lubricant with a compound chosen from a refrigerant, carbon dioxide, propane, or hydrocarbon gas.

Abstract: A liquid deicer composition suitable for use as a deicer or as a pre-coat for solid deicers is disclosed. The composition typically includes molasses solids, magnesium chloride, and a corrosion inhibitor. In one implementation the liquid deicer composition includes molasses solids; magnesium chloride, and a corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polymer coagulant solution that is capable of efficiently coagulating a suspension positively or negatively charged with one time water treatment by making an anionic polymer coagulant, a cationic polymer coagulant and a nonionic polymer coagulant coexist in the polymer coagulant solution, to provide its preparing method and to provide a coagulation method using the polymer coagulant solution. SOLUTION: The polymer coagulant solution is obtained by dissolving the anionic polymer coagulant, the cationic polymer coagulant and the nonionic polymer coagulant in an electrolytic solution with from the saturated concentration to the coagulation critical concentration.

Abstract: A two-component initiator system having accelerators for curing polymerizable materials comprising the following components: (a) a hydroperoxide compound containing one or more hydroperoxide groups that are bound to a tertiary carbon; (b) a thiourea derivative; and (c) as accelerator, a copper compound which is soluble in the preparation is preferably free of amine and is particularly suited for polymerizable dental compositions.

Abstract: A nitridosilicate-based compound is produced by reacting an alkaline-earth metal compound capable of generating an alkaline-earth metal oxide by heating or a rare earth compound capable of generating a rare earth oxide by heating with at least a silicon compound, while the alkaline-earth metal compound or the rare earth compound is being reduced and nitrided by the reaction with carbon in an atmosphere of nitriding gas. Because of this, a nitridosilicate-based compound of high quality can be produced industrially at low cost.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a low-temperature fast-curable circuit connecting film for forming an anisotropic conductive film. The film includes a film-forming resin, a radical polymerizable material, a peroxide polymerization initiator, conductive particles, a transition metal. The transition metal activates the peroxide polymerization initiator. The circuit connecting material may be in a multi-layered structure, including: a first layer and a second layer formed on the first layer. The first layer includes, for example, a body-forming resin, a plurality of conductive particles, and a transition metal. The second layer includes, for example, a body-forming resin, a plurality of conductive particles, and a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A flame retardant resin composition comprising a specified metal oxide and/or trivalent phosphorus compound (A) and a specified phosphazene compound (B) together with an aromatic resin (C) added according to necessity. This flame retardant composition when mixed into resins, can provide resin compositions excelling in flame resistance, low smoke emission, heat resistance, moisture absorption resistance, dielectric performance, extrudability, mold release, thermal stability, mechanical properties, etc.

Abstract: The base member 1 is pivotally connected to the lever member 2 by a pin 5 that provides a leverage fulcrum point. The tongue 3 extends from the front end of the base member 1 and is used to wedge under the staple crossbar 11. The teeth 4 extends from the front end of the lever member 2. The user then lifts the lever member 2 into a second position so that the wider top section 8 of teeth 4 lifts the staple 10 from the substrate. The front edges 9 of teeth 4 are curved such that it does not go below the baseline of base member 1, and thus do not interfere with or damage the substrate. The base member 1 presses against substrate providing support and allows the leverage operation to be performed on pliable and flexible substrates such as sheets of paper, and minimizes damage to the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus that attaches to the end of the electrical fish tape to eliminate or reduce drag and friction while the fish tape is pushed through bends in electrical pipe with a roller attached to the end of an electrical fish tape or snake to drastically reduce friction and drag when the fish tape or snake is being pushed through bends in electrical pipe. The roller is designed to rotate when coming into contact with the inner pipe wall at any position. Inner bearing further magnifies roll, takes advantage of the flat side of the fish tape to position the roller going into and through the bend for optimum roll.

Abstract: A line retrieval system comprises a retrieval device having a radially magnetized magnet adapted to be magnetically coupled to an object disposed on an opposite side of a structure for drawing the object in a desired direction relative to the structure.

Abstract: The power supply winch system comprises a generally inverted L-shaped supportive frame and a winch attached to the supportive frame. The supportive frame comprises a horizontal member and a vertical member that are pivotally attached to one another at one end. The horizontal member has a first horizontal stability bar attached thereto and a flexible strap which depends from a free end of the horizontal member. The vertical member has a winch support affixed to it and a second horizontal stability bar attached to a free end of the vertical member. The winch is secured to the winch support. The inverted L-shaped supportive frame can embrace a corner of the power supply cabinet, such that the horizontal member corresponds with a top surface of the cabinet while the vertical member corresponds with an adjacent side surface. The winch system can be folded into a compact, portable structure.

Abstract: A manufacturing method and structure for better phase change memory characteristics by improving the interface and the hole-filling properties. The present invention can reduce the power consumption needed to operate and is easy to fabricate.

Abstract: A memory array having a plurality of resistance variable memory units and method for forming the same are provided. Each memory unit includes a first electrode, a resistance variable material over the first electrode, and a first second-electrode over the resistance variable material. The first second-electrode is associated with the first electrode to define a first memory element. Each memory unit further includes a second second-electrode over the resistance variable material. The second-second electrode is associated with the first electrode to define a second memory element.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a light-emitting element having a layer containing a light-emitting material and a transparent conductive film between a pair of electrodes, in which electric erosion of the transparent conductive film and metal can be prevented, and also to provide a light-emitting device using the light-emitting element. According to one feature of the invention, a light-emitting element includes a first layer 102 containing a light-emitting material, a second layer 103 containing a material having a donor level, a third layer 104 including a transparent conductive film, and a fourth layer 105 containing a hole-transporting medium between a first electrode 101 and a second electrode 106, in which the first layer 102, the second layer 103, the third layer 104, the fourth layer 105, and the second electrode 106 are provided sequentially, in which the second electrode 106 has a layer containing metal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a nitride-based top emission type light emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same. The light emitting device includes an n-nitride-based cladding layer, a p-nitride-based cladding layer, a nitride-based active layer, and a multiple p-ohmic contact layer. The multiple p-ohmic contact layer includes at least one pair of ohmic modification layer-transparent conducting layer. The ohmic modification layer includes a poly-crystal nitride layer or an amorphous nitride layer having nitrogen (N) combined with at least one of aluminum (Al), indium (In) and gallium (Ga). The ohmic modification layer is prepared in the form of a droplet or a thin film. Pores or dots are formed on the poly-crystal nitride layer or the amorphous nitride layer so as to provide the multiple p-ohmic contact layer with the photonic crystal effect. The light emitting device represents superior current-voltage characteristics and higher light transmittance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surface mount type electronic component mounted on a printed circuit board or hybrid IC (HIC) and a method of manufacturing the same and provides an electronic component which can be formed with a small size and a low height at a low cost and a method of manufacturing the same. A common mode choke coil as the electronic component has an overall shape in the form of rectangular parallelepiped that is provided by forming an insulation layer, a coil layer (not shown) formed with a coil conductor, and external electrodes electrically connected to the coil conductor in the order listed on a silicon substrate using thin film forming techniques. The external electrodes are formed to spread on a top surface (mounting surface) of the insulation layer.

Abstract: A polymer complex compound comprising a repeating unit of the following formula (1) and a metal complex structure showing light emission from triplet excited state, having visible light emission in the solid state, and having a polystyrene reduced number-average molecular weight of 103 to 108: (wherein, Ring P and Ring Q each independently represent an aromatic ring, but Ring P may be either existent or non-existent. When Ring P is existent, two connecting bonds respectively are on Ring P and/or Ring Q, and when Ring P is non-existent, two connecting bonds respectively are on 5 membered ring containing Y, and/or Ring Q. Y represents —O—, —S— and the like).

Abstract: At least two thicknesses of dielectric are formed in the fabrication of organic field effect transistors. One thickness is formed in the active regions of the transistor for adjusting the desired threshold of the device. A second thickness is deposited in the field regions of the transistor to electrically isolate the transistors, and reduces leakage current and capacitance. A third dielectric thickness that is thicker than the first thickness but thinner than the second thickness can be used to define transistors having a second threshold voltage. The multiple dielectric thicknesses can be produced by multiple cell sizes of a gravure roll when using gravure printing, multiple cell sizes in an anolox roll in flexography printing, multiple nozzle size and chamber pressure in inkjet printing, or by printing successive layers of a single thickness of dielectric. The method can be employed in top gate, bottom gate top contact, and in bottom gate bottom contact organic transistor structures.

Abstract: A flexible image sensor having an array of lenses disposed on one surface of a substrate flexible optical polymeric substrate, and an array of organic integrated circuit photodetectors on a second surface of the substrate, each lens in the lens array being in optical correspondence with a photodetector in the second array. The lens array and the photodetector array are manufactured using similar, low-temperature methods, preferably utilizing the same toolset.

Abstract: A polyvinyl(tetrazole) is formed by a water-based method. A gas generating composition 12 containing the polyvinyl(tetrazole) is contained within an exemplary gas generator 10. An article or gas generating system 200 incorporates the polyvinyl(tetrazole) therein. A vehicle occupant protection system 180 incorporates the gas generating system 200. An article or substrate 300 containing a coating 302 formed from the product of the water-based method is also described.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element comprises: a pair of electrodes; and at least one organic compound layer between the pair of electrodes, said at least one organic compound layer comprising a light-emitting layer, wherein the organic luminescent element comprises at least one complex represented by formula (1): wherein M11 represents a hexacoordinate transition metal ion, Y11 represents a nitrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom, L11 represents a ligand, Q11 and Q12 each represents an atomic group for forming a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, n11 represents an integer of 1 to 3, n12 represents an integer of 0 to 4, X11 represents a counter ion, and n13 represents an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: An organic thin film transistor includes a substrate, a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the substrate, a first layer disposed on the substrate, the first layer being photosensitive, a second layer disposed on the first layer, the second layer being hydrophobic, an opening defined in the first and second layers, the opening corresponding to the gate electrode, and a hydrophilic organic semiconductor disposed in the opening.

Abstract: An electronic device including at least first and second transistors integrated together on a substrate and each including an organic semiconductor region, wherein the first and second transistors are either both n-type or both p-type but wherein one of the first and second transistors is a normally-ON transistor and the other of the first and second transistors is a normally-OFF transistor.

Abstract: An organic thin film transistor array panel includes; a substrate, a data line formed on the substrate, a gate line intersecting the data line and including a gate electrode, a first interlayer insulating layer formed on the gate line and the data line and including a first opening exposing the gate electrode, a gate insulator formed in the first opening, a source electrode disposed on the gate insulator and connected to the data line, a pixel electrode disposed on the gate insulator and including a drain electrode opposing the source electrode, a insulating bank formed on the source electrode and the drain electrode, the insulating bank defining a second opening which exposes portions of the source electrode and the drain electrode, and an organic semiconductor formed in the second opening.

Abstract: A source/drain electrode is used in a thin-film transistor substrate containing a substrate, a thin-film transistor semiconductor layer, source/drain electrodes, and a transparent picture electrode. The source/drain electrode includes a nitrogen-containing layer and a thin film of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Nitrogen of the nitrogen-containing layer binds to silicon of the thin-film transistor semiconductor layer, and the thin film of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is connected to the thin-film transistor semiconductor layer through the nitrogen-containing layer.

Abstract: In a thin-film transistor substrate including a substrate, a thin-film transistor semiconductor layer, a source/drain electrode, and a transparent pixel electrode, the source/drain electrode includes a thin film of an aluminum alloy containing 0.1 to 6 atomic percent of nickel as an alloy element, and the aluminum alloy thin film is directly connected to the thin-film transistor semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate having a semiconductor layer including a low concentration region and a source region/drain region adjacent to the low concentration region at both sides of a channel region made of polysilicon; a gate insulating layer and a conductive layer on the substrate the conductive layer patterned to form a gate electrode.

Abstract: A polysilicon thin film transistor (TFT) may include a substrate, at least one insulating layer, a semiconductor layer, a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a heat retaining layer formed to contact the semiconductor layer. The heat retaining layer may reduce and/or prevent a reduction in a melt duration time of amorphous silicon during a crystallization process for forming a polysilicon layer of the TFT.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a display unit, which is small in size, suppresses the defect caused by the mounting of IC chips and the like on the substrate, and operates at a high speed. A semiconductor display unit and other circuit blocks are integrally formed on the substrate having an insulating surface by using a process for fabricating TFTs that realize a high degree of mobility. Concretely, there is employed a process for crystallizing a semiconductor active layer by using a continuously oscillating laser. Further, the process for crystallization relying upon the continuously oscillating laser is selectively effected for only those circuit blocks that must be operated at high speeds, thereby to realize a high production efficiency.

Abstract: A multi-channel type thin film transistor includes a gate electrode over a substrate extending along a first direction, a plurality of active layers parallel to and spaced apart from each other extending along a second direction crossing the first direction, and source and drain electrodes spaced apart from each other with respect to the gate electrode and extending along the first direction, wherein each of the plurality of active layers includes a channel region overlapped with the gate electrode, a source region, a drain region, and lightly doped drain (LDD) regions, one between the channel region and the source region and another one between the channel region and the drain region, wherein the LDD regions of the adjacent active layers have different lengths from each other.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate for a display device having a plurality of thin film transistors and pixel electrodes connected to the thin film transistors, said thin film transistor substrate includes: a plurality of pad electrodes in a non-display area of the display device for applying signals to the plurality of thin film transistors in a non-display area of the display device; a protective film covering the pad electrodes in the non-display area; and a slit in the protective film adjacent to at least one of the plurality of pad electrodes.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a light-emitting portion and an oxygen concentration control portion. The light-emitting portion includes a surface. The light-emitting portion emits light with an intensity corresponding to an oxygen concentration on the surface when receiving light energy. The oxygen concentration control portion controls the oxygen concentration on the surface of the light-emitting portion.

Abstract: An integrally packaged optronic integrated circuit device including an integrated circuit die containing at least one of a radiation emitter and radiation receiver and having a transparent packaging layer overlying a surface of the die, the transparent packaging layer having an opaque coating adjacent to edges of the layer.

Abstract: A crystalline composition is provided that includes gallium and nitrogen. The crystalline composition may have an amount of oxygen present in a concentration of less than about 3×1018 per cubic centimeter, and may be free of two-dimensional planar boundary defects in a determined volume of the crystalline composition. The volume may have at least one dimension that is about 2.75 millimeters or greater, and the volume may have a one-dimensional linear defect dislocation density of less than about 10,000 per square centimeter.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) packaging structure has a carrier having an insulating layer and a conducting layer formed thereon. A top surface of the carrier is partially depressed to form a cup portion having a raised central seat upward projected from a bottom thereof. The raised central seat has a top preferably flush with or higher than the conducting layer. An LED chip is mounted on the top of the raised central seat to enable improved light emitting and heat radiating effects. An encapsulating resin encapsulates and protects the LED chip, and a light-gathering hood is attached to the carrier corresponding to the encapsulating resin.