Abstract: To provide a layout structure of a hydraulic control valve for a valve train in an internal combustion engine which can reduce the influence of heat from the cylinders and can avoid the impairment of the external appearance of the internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine has a valve operation characteristics changing mechanism that changes the operation characteristics of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. A hydraulic control valve for a valve train controls the pressure of a hydraulic fluid supplied to the valve operation characteristics changing mechanism. The hydraulic control valve is located on the left side surface of right and left crankcases that support and cover a crankshaft at a position below cylinders.

Abstract: A lubricating, enhancing access is provided for a rocker arm for an internal combustion engine. The rocker arm has a cold-formed, one-piece metal body with a narrow width and a substantial depth. The body has a semispherical socket at both ends for engaging respectively the end of a valve stem and the upper end of a push rod. An intermediate portion of the body has a large generally trapezoidal opening with a lower edge longer than an upper edge and a middle portion having a structurally-integral, outwardly-flared portion defining an upwardly-facing socket for engaging a pivot ball wherein the rocker arm pivots during operation. The lubricating passage is formed transversely through and from the top of the narrow width of the rocker arm in at the push rod end of the rocker arm to access and open into the socket recess.

Abstract: The hydraulic play compensation device, having an outer cylinder part which is closed on one side by a base and in which a piston element which lies on its inside is guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable, with a guide gap, having an oil pressure space having an oil inlet which supplies the oil supply space, and having a connecting duct controlled by a nonreturn valve between the oil supply space and the oil pressure space. For optimized removal of air which is introduced via the oil inlet, it is proposed that a ventilation path which connects the oil supply space and the guide gap is formed in the piston element downstream of the oil inlet and upstream of the connecting duct.

Abstract: An air intake sound control structure comprises a sound guiding pipe, a sound producing body, and a silencing means. The sound guiding pipe is branched off from a branch portion formed on a part of an air intake flow passage of an automobile, communicating with the air intake flow passage. The sound producing body is held by the sound guiding pipe at the position spaced apart from the branch portion, thereby sealing the sound guiding pipe, and producing a sound at a frequency which corresponds to its own natural vibration frequency by its vibration. The silencing means is disposed on the side of the branch portion of the sound guiding pipe and canceling a sound at a target frequency for suppression out of the air intake sound. The sound generated by the vibration of the sound producing body is transmitted into a vehicle interior.

Abstract: A vehicular air intake system including a resonator for eliminate the possibility of dust and water droplets collecting in the resonator. An end portion of an air intake duct is branched into a resonator and an air intake section. In the air intake section, a chamber is formed having an air intake port for taking in outside air. The resonator is disposed upwardly of the air intake port. A branch pipe section and the chamber are positioned such that they are slightly inclined downwardly toward a main pipe section. In this arrangement, the air intake duct is disposed downwardly of a seat and a resin cover such that the air intake port is located a required distance away from a rear external surface of a fuel tank.

Abstract: A poppet valve for use in an internal combustion engine. The poppet has a partially-inverted perimeter shape which nevertheless substantially maintains the curtain area of the valve. These improved valves pack more efficiently into the combustion chamber roof area than would conventional, circular-perimeter poppet valves. For the same size combustion chamber, significantly greater total curtain area is achieved, improving engine performance. Valve weight is greatly reduced, enabling the use of lighter return springs, camshafts, desmodromic actuators, and so forth.

Abstract: A high flow air filtration system comprises a filter within a housing, a cover removably attached to the housing, an adapter between and in flow communication with the filter and an air intake of an engine. The cover includes a diverter, a flow directing portion, and a lip. The diverter is positioned between the filter and a flow of air from the vehicle ducting. The diverter slows the velocity of the flow and alters its path. The flow directing portion is adapted to direct the flow downward towards the filter. The lip is positioned along the front edge of the cover to increase the volume of external air entering the housing.

Abstract: The rotary piston power system includes a housing having a drum and a cover rotatably mounted on the drum. The drum has high pressure and low pressure ports defined in its peripheral wall and a central separator wall having arcuate end faces and a pair of semicylindrical recesses defined in opposing sidewalls. A pair of pistons are rotatably mounted on axles on opposite sides of the separator wall and fit closely between the separator wall and the peripheral wall. Each piston has a plurality of radially disposed cylindrical recesses defining slots in the piston's peripheral wall. The cover has a plurality of radially disposed vanes extending into the drum defining a number of cylinders or chambers double the number of recesses defined in a single piston. An input/output shaft extends from the opposite side of the cover for coupling to a prime mover or to a load.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, there is provided a method of operating a turbocharged system including injecting a first quantity of fuel into an engine cylinder at a first predetermined time during a second half of a compression stroke before a piston of the engine cylinder reaches top dead center of the compression stroke. The method further includes injecting a second quantity of fuel into the engine cylinder at a second predetermined time after the first predetermined time when the piston is advanced by a predetermined advance value before the piston reaches the top dead center of the compression stroke.

Abstract: An engine system and method are disclosed for controlling pre-ignition of an alcohol fuel. In one embodiment, the fuel injection timing is adjusted to cause the fuel to avoid combustion chamber surfaces. In another embodiment, the fuel injection timing is adjusted to spray the fuel directly onto the piston surface to cool the piston. Also disclosed is a cylinder cleaning cycle in which engine knock is purposely caused for one to hundreds of engine cycles by adjusting the fuel content away from alcohol toward gasoline. Further measures to cause knock which are disclosed: adjusting spark timing, intake boost, exhaust gas fraction in the cylinder, cam timing, and transmission gear ratio.

Abstract: A tumble control valve for an intake manifold of an engine which eliminates or substantially reduces air leakage between the bottom and sides of the valve blade through a selected rotational segment of the blade as it moves from the closed position toward the open position. The sealed area is maintained by contouring the inner cavity wall to track the arc defined by the bottom edge of the rotating blade. In other embodiments, a flexible flange or wedge-shaped element is attached to the blade to engage the inner cavity wall through the selected rotational segment. In another aspect of the invention, air flow pressure is maintained and tumble is optimized compared to rotational movement of the blade by contouring the top wall surface to track the arc defined by the rotating upper edge of the blade.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston engine wherein the movement of a piston within the combustion chamber creates vortices in the fluid within the chamber and wherein the orientation of the vortices is more normal to the axis of movement of the piston than parallel to the axis of movement of the piston. The vortices may be created by a device for attachment to the crown of a piston or by the configuration of the crown of the piston. The vortices may be created by a plurality of vanes extending outwardly from the center of the piston to the periphery thereof.

Abstract: A current control device for a fan motor includes a current sampling module, a signal generating module, a current detecting module and a current controlling module. The current sampling module samples an operating current of the fan motor to generate a sampled current signal. The operating current is controlled according to a driving signal. The signal generating module generates a threshold current signal. The current detecting module receives the sampled current signal and the threshold current signal and generates a motor protecting signal according to the sampled current signal and the threshold current signal. The current controlling module receives the motor protecting signal and stops generating or decreases the driving signal according to the motor protecting signal.

Abstract: An intake structure is provided for a V-type internal combustion engine having cylinders banked in a V pattern. A throttle body includes a throttle valve interposed in an intake passage extending to the inner side of the V banks and bent to be parallel to a crankshaft. The throttle body is provided with a bypass passage bypassing the throttle valve. An idle control valve for opening and closing the bypass passage by being moved in a direction orthogonal to the intake passage parallel to the crankshaft is added to the throttle body. A drive shaft for moving the idle control valve is projected from an electric actuator in the state of being directed in the moving direction of the idle control valve. The resulting configuration makes it possible to reduce the size of a throttle body and to suppress the overall width of the engine.

Abstract: A method and system to improve fuel economy of an engine on a vehicle is offered. An electronic throttle control device is commanded to a wide open throttle position during vehicle coast down, thus improving engine breathing and reducing pumping losses, and improving engine efficiency. This includes monitoring operator inputs to: an accelerator device, a braking device, and a cruise control device, and, monitoring throttle position control input from the electronic controller to the electronically controlled throttle mechanism. The electronically controlled throttle mechanism is commanded to a substantially wide-open throttle condition only when the monitored operator inputs to the accelerator device, the braking device, and the cruise control device are each at a null position. A further limitation on the wide-open throttle command includes monitoring other inputs from the electronic controller to the throttle mechanism.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine having a fuel injection valve. A fuel injection timing is determined according to the detected engine operating condition. A target ignition timing of the fuel is calculated using a plurality of maps that store the target ignition timings according to the engine operating condition and an actual ignition timing of the fuel is detected. An ignition delay of the actual ignition timing with respect to the target ignition timing is calculated. The cetane number of the fuel is estimated according to the calculated ignition delay. The map to be used in calculating the target ignition timing is switched according to the estimated cetane number.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from an internal combustion engine. An input gas stream of natural gas includes a nitrogen gas enrichment which reduces nitrous oxide emissions. In addition ignition timing for gas combustion is advanced to improve FCE while maintaining lower nitrous oxide emissions.

Abstract: When fuel supply is stopped while an engine is decelerating, pressure in each cylinder is detected using a pressure sensor, and the peak value of the pressure in each cylinder is determined. Also, an intake air amount is detected when the fuel supply is stopped, and the allowable range of the peak value is calculated based on the intake air amount. When the peak value of the pressure in a cylinder is in the allowable range, it is determined that a charged air amount in the cylinder is in a target amount range. When the peak value of the pressure in a cylinder is out of the allowable range, it is determined that the charged air amount in the cylinder is out of the target amount range, and a warning device is operated.

Abstract: A multiple cylinder gasoline or alcohol engine has one fuel supply means per cylinder, and one digital electric logic circuit to control said fuel supply and ignition spark plug of each cylinder such that activated cylinder quantity is increased from one to all by steps first, and then all cylinders fuel supply are enriched from lean to normal and to rich air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: In a common rail fuel injection system, a fuel pump pressure-feeds fuel to a common rail, which accumulates the fuel at high pressure corresponding to fuel injection pressure. An electronic control unit (ECU) drives and controls a suction control valve provided in the fuel pump to regulate a pressure-feeding amount of the fuel and to perform fuel pressure feedback control. The ECU calculates a differential term of a control amount of the suction control valve based on a pressure deviation of the fuel pressure in the common rail with respect to target pressure. The ECU sets the differential term at zero when the fuel pressure is higher than the target pressure and the differential term of the control amount is a value for pressure-feeding the fuel.

Abstract: A common rail fuel injection system includes an electronic control unit and a fuel pressure sensor. The electronic control unit is equipped with a power supply circuit which supplies a power supply voltage to the fuel pressure sensor through a harness. The power supply voltage is used in the pressure fuel sensor as a drive voltage to drive a sensor element of the fuel pressure sensor. The electronic control unit monitors an output voltage of the fuel pressure sensor to determine the pressure of fuel in a common rail and also monitors the drive voltage applied to the fuel pressure sensor to determine whether the drive voltage is undesirably lower than the power supply voltage or not. If such a condition is encountered, the electronic control unit takes measures to avoid an excessive rise in pressure in the common rail to protect the common rail physically.

Abstract: A fuel manifold segment for gas turbine engines comprises a polymer tube surrounded by a metallic braid layer. Means are provided for preventing the polymer material of the tube from flowing through the metallic braid layer at with a location of a joint with a tube fitting under an elevated temperature and compressed condition.

Abstract: There is provided a fuel oil atomizer comprised of an elongated outer member, an elongated inner member and an atomizing head. The inner member is a fuel supply conduit which coaxially received within the central opening of the outer member defining therebetween a generally annular atomizing fluid supply conduit. The atomizing head includes a fuel chamber, an atomizing fluid chamber and a mixing chamber. The fuel supply conduit communicates with the fuel chamber. The atomizing fluid supply conduit communicates with the atomizing fluid chamber. The fuel chamber has a first end and a second end. The atomizing fluid chamber is circumambient to the first end of the fuel chamber and the fuel chamber has a portion that extends axially from the atomizing fluid chamber. The mixing chamber is circumambient to the second end of the fuel chamber.

Abstract: The base end portion of an injector is connected to a delivery pipe. A fuel passage, through which the fuel in the delivery pipe flows close by an injection port formed in the front end portion of a valve body and is then returned to the delivery pipe, is formed in the injector. Even if communication between the fuel passage and the injection port is blocked by a needle valve, the fuel constantly flows close to the injection port while circulating in the fuel injection system, Also, part of the fuel flowing through the fuel passage is injected from the injection port to a combustion chamber by permitting the communication between the fuel passage and the injection port.

Abstract: A valve assembly having a position control characteristic that is represented by an N-th order polynomial equation includes a valve housing a valve element, and a valve characterization circuit. The valve housing has at least a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a flow passage between the fluid inlet and fluid outlet. The valve element is mounted on the valve housing, is disposed at least partially within the valve housing flow passage, and is movable between a closed position and an open position. The valve characteristic circuit is mounted on the valve housing, and includes a plurality of resistors. Each resistor has a resistance value representative of at least one digit in the N-th order polynomial equation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a control circuit for an injector having a cut solenoid for an LPI engine, a control method of the cut solenoid and a diagnostic method thereof. The present invention effectively prevents fuel from leaking through an injector to the atmosphere when the LPI engine stops, thus preventing air pollution, and satisfying a variety of relevant regulations.

Abstract: A fuel injection control device for a more stable carburetion condition by setting an adequate fuel injection prohibition period at the start of an internal combustion engine. A fuel injection control device includes an injection switch which selectively switches among simultaneous injection which is performed after start of cranking in an engine until determination of a crank reference position, group injection which is performed after determination of a crank reference position until completion of stroke identification, and sequential injection which is performed after completion of stroke identification. The maximum period from simultaneous injection, after start of cranking, until simultaneously injected fuel is sucked into all cylinders #1 to #4 is set as an injection prohibition period t.

Abstract: A lid member is mounted to the fuel tank to cover an opening of the fuel tank. A fuel pump is arranged in the fuel tank to pump fuel in the fuel tank. A module case supports the fuel pump. A pump module includes fuel component protruding from a lateral side of the module case in a projection, which is viewed from a side of the lid member. A supporting member is connected with the lid member and the module case to support the pump module in the fuel tank. The lid member supports the pump module via the supporting member. The module case includes a connecting portion that connects with the supporting member. The connecting portion protrudes from the module case to the lateral side of the module case. The connecting portion is arranged in an imaginary circle that passes through outer peripheries of the module case and the fuel component in the projection. The imaginary circle accommodates the module case and the fuel component in the projection.

Abstract: A fuel feed apparatus is provided to a fuel tank. The fuel feed apparatus includes a lid member, a pump module, and an electric connector. The lid member plugs an opening of the fuel tank. The pump module is accommodated in the fuel tank for pumping fuel from the fuel tank. The electric connector is provided to the lid member. The electric connector includes at least one terminal and at least one sheath. The at least one terminal electrically connects with the pump module. The at least one sheath covers the at least one terminal partially on a side of the pump module. The at least one sheath has an outer periphery that is surrounded by a recess. The at least one sheath has an end on an opposite side of the pump module. The recess is concaved from the end of the at least one sheath toward the pump module.

Abstract: A fuel feed apparatus includes a lid member that plugs an opening of a fuel tank. A protruding member protrudes from the lid member into an inside of the fuel tank. A sub-tank is accommodated in the fuel tank. The sub-tank is axially movable relative to the lid member. A pump module is accommodated in the sub-tank. The pump module includes a fuel pump and a fuel filter. The fuel pump pumps fuel from the fuel tank. The fuel filter circumferentially surrounds the fuel pump for removing foreign matters contained in fuel discharged from the fuel pump. A supporting member connects the pump module with the sub-tank. The supporting member extends inwardly with respect to a substantially radial direction of the sub-tank. The supporting member defines a recess on a side of the lid member. The protruding member is adapted to be inserted in the recess.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an LPI engine system. The LPI engine system of the present invention directly injects LPG fuel under high pressure into an intake system of an engine through an injector and precisely controls the injection rate of LPG fuel through the control of the injector, thus improving the fuel consumption ratio and power performance of a vehicle, enhancing the startability of the vehicle in the winter, and making maintenance addressing the buildup of tar after combustion unnecessary. Furthermore, in the LPI engine system of the present invention, the injector, which adjusts the injection rate of LPG fuel into the intake system of the engine, includes a path shutoff part which functions to controls an LPG fuel injection path depending on an operational state of the engine, thus preventing LPG fuel from leaking into the intake system of the engine through the injector when the engine is in an ignition OFF state.

Abstract: A fuel saving device powered by electrical energy from a battery in an automobile has many competitive advantages over its predecessors such as efficient operation, inexpensive price, compact size, safe use, easy installation, simple replacement, etc. The device may be disposed at any convenient position preferably as close to the engine as possible. The device is operative automatically without any necessary alteration or modification to the original design of the automobile. The device has a housing means that further defines an inner chamber, inlet end, and outlet end. An infrared annular member made of heat retaining materials is disposed in the center portion of the inner chamber. A spirally electrical heating pipe, made of heat conductive materials, wraps firmly around the outside surface of the annular member. Within the heating pipe, there are not only stuffing gauzes with thermally conductive, electrically insulating nature, but also at least two sets of electrical heating elements.

Abstract: A supercharger for an internal combustion engine includes a housing in which an impeller rotates to pressurize the intake manifold of the engine. The impeller is connected to the crankshaft of the engine through a magnetic clutch which enables the impeller to remain at rest or to rotate at a speed that is independent of the speed of the crankshaft and is under control of an engine management system or the operator of the engine.

Abstract: A manifold body for an internal combustion engine. The manifold body includes an EGR cooler cavity adapted to receive an EGR cooler, an oil cooler cavity adapted to receive an oil cooler, and an air intake manifold configured to provide a gas mixture to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: With reference to FIG. 1, the present invention provides an internal combustion engine which operates repeatedly a multi-stage combustion process, the engine having a combustion chamber, supply means (12) for supplying fuel and air to the combustion chamber and exhaust means (16) for exhausting combusted gases from the combustion chamber. During a first stage of combustion (FIG. 1(a)- FIG. 1(c)) the supply means (12) supplies fuel and air to the combustion chamber and the supplied fuel and air are combusted by a spark ignition Otto process or by a compression ignition Diesel process. Then (FIG. 1(d)) at least a majority of the combusted gases resulting from the first stage combustion are retained in the-combustion chamber, additional air is supplied to the combustion chamber(FIG. 1(e)) and the resulting mixture is combusted in a second combustion stage (FIG. 1(e) and FIG. 1(f))by homogeneous charge compression ignition.

Abstract: Compressed air is fed from a pressurized reservoir (5) thru a nozzle/vortex unit (1) simultaneously drawing ambient air through an air filter element (10). The air mixes in a merging plenum (7) where air-charge multiplication occurs resulting in boost or positive pressure conditions. The positive pressure introduced to the intake air of the engine results in a higher cylinder combustion compression ratio. The increase compression ratio with proper air to fuel ratio results in an increase in horsepower and torque. Air is controlled by a computer (6), regulators, solenoids, micro-switches, and nozzle configurations. Air is supplied via reservoir (5) and replenished from mechanical or electric air pumps (FIG. 3 18s, 18b, 18c, 18d). Alternative fuels/gases can be added such as nitrous oxide or propane (3, 4). In diesel engine applications (FIG. 3), the power and torque increases can also be experienced, but also reduce emission levels at low rpm or idle mode conditions.

Abstract: In an intake device for an engine, the device having a fuel supply system for supplying fuel to an intake passage, a plurality of plates are positioned on an upstream side and a downstream side along a direction of a flow of intake air and arranged at different mounting angles from each other in the intake passage on a downstream side of the fuel supply system and the plurality of plates have a plurality of holes in different shapes.

Abstract: The present apparatus calculates a mass ma (mass ratio ma/mf) of mixing-gas-forming cylinder interior gas, which is a portion of cylinder interior gas to be mixed with a forefront portion of injected fuel vapor having a mass of mf, on the basis of a predetermined empirical formula. Subsequently, under the assumption that heat exchange with the outside does not occur, the apparatus calculates an adiabatic gas mixture temperature Tmix of the gas mixture forefront portion on the basis of the heat quantity of the fuel vapor having a mass of mf and the heat quantity of the mixing-gas-forming cylinder interior gas having a mass of ma. Subsequently, in consideration of an amount of heat that the gas mixture forefront portion receives from peripheral cylinder interior gas mainly via a circumferential surface thereof, the apparatus estimates a final gas mixture temperature Tmixfin of the gas mixture forefront portion (i.e.

Abstract: An inverted compound archery bow including an extended-capacity cam system having two cams, each cam engaging the bowstring and separate cables extending to limbs of the bow. The bowstring and cables are counter-wound on the cams, producing tension opposite and proportional to the inverse ratio of windings. Drawing the bowstring winds the cables onto the cams, producing limb tension that propels an arrow when the bowstring is released. An arrow rest located between full-draw and rest excursions of the bowstring accommodates the extended draw length of the bow. A bowstring arrestor engages the bowstring at an intermediate-draw position. A slide stabilizes and supports a rear portion of the bow, and a receptacle on the slide engages an adapter for a bowstring release mechanism.

Abstract: Disclosed is an archery bowstring release that increases the power and length of the draw by having the pincer of the release being recessed a few inches behind the trigger of the release in relation to the bowstring. The present release achieves this result by having a long trigger column rigidly joined to a short pincer column at an acute angle of 20 degrees. A standard type wrist strap is preferably always used in the operation of this release.

Abstract: The invention is a portable electric fire accelerator used for camping and cooking. It has aspects of a fan, switch, motor and the necessary electronic components needed to operate the device. It is designed to operate faster and safer than the methods now being used.

Abstract: A portable barbeque has opposed fuel trays that are rotatably attached to a base at their inner ends. The fuel trays rotate between an open position where fuel can be burned in them to cook food on grills supported above them, and a closed position where their upper edges abut one another and fuel in the trays is lit and is extinguished. Located in each fuel tray is a grill bracket which carries the grills at various distances above the fuel in the fuel trays. The grill bracket includes a base which is removably attached to the fuel tray and a pair of upright supports which extend outwardly from opposed ends of the base. A plurality of slots located in the supports carry the grill.

Abstract: A semi-flexible tube is captured between a valve body and a connection device wherein at least one of the valve body and the connection device is connected structurally to a range instead of relying on the manifold tube as the location mechanism for precisely locating the valve at a desired location on the range.

Abstract: An air inlet damper apparatus for minimizing the entrance of outside air into a poultry house when the ventilation exhaust fans are running and the radiant tube heater is not operating. The apparatus has a housing with a passage and a coupling flange; a pin that spans the passage and divides the apparatus into a low pressure side and an outside high pressure side, where the low pressure side is in fluid communication with a blower supplying combustion air to the tube heater; a damper blade connected to the pin; a stop; and a means for controlling the damper blade. The controlling means is responsive to pressure. The damper blade pivotally opens away from the stop when there is a static pressure differential that is higher than the negative pressure created by the ventilation exhaust fans, or when the controlling means electromechanically actuates the damper blade.

Abstract: Stoves having a ceramic cooktop mounted within a metal frame with a silicone sealant therebetween are manufactured in a labor saving process involving minimal waste, hand tooling, and cleanup, by providing a leakage-preventing dam paralleling the periphery of the cooktop support surface, positioning the cooktop within the frame, resting on the dam, and applying as a seal, a flowable, curable silicone which cures at a rate such as to allow it to self level, the dam preventing leakage of low viscosity silicone into the stove interior.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a kitchen-range comprising a self-cleaning assembly that enables one to clean concomitantly the cooking top of the kitchen range and any other contiguous surface that is integrated therewith or located close to said cooking top. The invention further deals with a self-cleaning assembly that can be coupled to numberless surfaces, so as to enable them to benefit from a cleaning process of spraying cleaning elements such as liquids, vapors, supercritical fluids, etc.

Abstract: A gas fireplace comprises a support and housing frame, a gas combustion chamber, at least one chimney duct for releasing flue gases, coming from said combustion chamber, at least one inlet duct for external comburent air leading to said combustion chamber, a ventilation and heating circuit designed to suck environment air, and heat and fed it at least partly into the space where the fireplace is located, and at least one motor-driven fan designed to operate in said ventilation and heating circuit. The gas fireplace further comprises at least one silencer device provided along said ventilation and heating circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing a chimney draught in an upstream connected exhaust gas cleaning system consisting in immersing a chimney tube (1; 1?) provided with the open top part thereof in a bath in such a way that a liquid (condensate) collected therein forms a liquid barrier closing the exhaust gas input end of the chimney tube with respect to environment. In order to remove the exhaust gases from the upstream connected exhaust gas cleaning system, at least one part of the chimney tube cross section is exposed by lowering the liquid level under the edge thereof. Said lowering of the liquid level can be carried out by lowering the bath.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating an aerosol that includes a support member having a first face and a second face and defining an opening therethrough, where the support member includes a first material having a first galvanic potential, and an aerosolization element mounted on the support member and disposed substantially over the opening and defining at least one aperture therethrough. The aerosolization element may include a second material having a second galvanic potential that is substantially equal to the first galvanic potential of the first material. Also, a method of aerosolizing a liquid medicament by providing an aperture plate made of a first material and having a top surface and a bottom surface. The aperture plate is mounted on a support member that includes a second material that has an opening such that the aperture plate covers the opening, and where the first and second materials have similar galvanic potentials.

Abstract: A smart inhaler system comprising an inhaler device for directed aerosol delivery facilitated by an adaptive nozzle and a mechanism for inhalation waveform modulation is provided. Methods of using the smart inhaler system for delivering an active agent to a target area of a lung of a subject are further provided.