Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of coloring keratin-containing fibres, especially human hair, in which method a compound of formula (I), wherein R is hydroxy or NHR1, R1 being hydrogen or C1–C4alkyl, and B is an aromatic or heterocyclic ring, is diazotised, and the resulting diazonium salt is applied at a pH of from 2 to 5 to the material being colored and then, by means of increasing the pH to from 7 to 12, is fixed on the material in the form of an oligomeric or polymeric colorant

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising at least one fluorescent dye and at least one particular sequestering agent, and also to processes and a device for using these compositions. The invention similarly relates to the use of a composition comprising at least one particular fluorescent dye and at least one particular sequestering agent, to dye with a lightening effect human keratin materials and more particularly artificially dyed or pigmented hair, and colored skin.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for dyeing keratin materials with compositions comprising, in a medium that is suitable for dyeing, at least one ninhydrin derivative, which may optionally be combined with at least one compound comprising at least one labile hydrogen. Further disclosed herein are dying compositions, multi-component hair dye compositions, and a multi-compartment kits.

Abstract: A method of preparing a purified purple corn coloring agent comprising passing a purple corn color extract solution through an adsorption resin, washing with water, and releasing the purple corn color from the resin with the use of an aqueous solution containing alcohol of 25 to 45 v/vt %.

Abstract: The present lipid-based wax compositions commonly include a polyol fatty acid ester component (made up of partial and/or completely esterified polyols). Generally, at least a portion of the polyol fatty acid ester has been subjected to a transesterification reaction. Lipid-based wax compositions having a melting point of about 48° C. to about 75° C. can be particularly advantageous for use in forming candles. The wax may contain other components such as mineral wax, plant wax, insect wax, and/or other components. The polyol fatty acid ester component can include triacylglycerols such as those derived from plant oils (soybean oil, palm oil, etc.). The polyol ester component may be characterized based on one or more of its physical characteristics, such as SFI-40, SFI-10, typical crystal structure, IV, melting curve, and/or other properties.

Abstract: A process, control system and apparatus for controlling the air side flows to the major components of a fuel processor apparatus are provided. The control system employs a multi-capacity blower provides process air to a partial oxidation reactor and a preferential oxidation reactor. The multi-capacity blower preferably provides a portion of the process air through a control valve to the partial oxidation reactor and the remaining portion of the process air is passed through a flow restrictor to supply process air to the preferential oxidation reactor. The control system of the present invention is simple, low cost and reliable.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing an odorant to a fluid in a vessel having an interior volume containing the fluid includes at least one odorant material and an odorant-permeable material. The at least one odorant material is disposed in the interior volume, the odorant material having at least one detectable odor. The odorant-permeable material encapsulates the odorant material.

Abstract: A cooling system (10) is provided for use with a fuel processing subsystem (12) for reducing a level of carbon monoxide in a reformate flow (14) for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system (16). The fuel processing subsystem (12) includes first and second preferential oxidizers (18, 20) to oxidize the carbon monoxide carried in the reformate flow. The reformate cooling system (10) includes a coolant flow path (30), a reformate flow path (32), and first, second, third, and fourth heat exchanger core portions (34, 36, 38, 40). The core portions (36–40) are arranged in numbered sequence along the reformate flow path (32) with the first and second core portions (34, 36) located upstream of the first preferential oxidizer (18), and the third and fourth core portions (38, 40) located downstream of the first preferential oxidizer (18) and upstream of the second preferential oxidizer (20).

Abstract: A high concentration silica slurry can be used for polishing of substrates, such as semiconductor materials. The slurry contains a silica powder dispersed in an solvent. The silica slurry has a silica concentration of more than 50% by weight and a viscosity of less than 1000 mPa·s, wherein the silica powder has a ratio DL/DT of less than 1.3, wherein DL is an average particle size of the silica powder measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution method and DT is an average primary particle size of the silica powder measured by a TEM photography observation, and wherein the silica powder has an average primary particle size of from 0.08 ?m to 0.8 ?m.

Abstract: An air induction system for an engine to remove contaminants from intake air prior to delivery to the engine. The system includes an assembly for filtering air which is mounted in advance of the engine, and a duct for delivering air from the assembly to the engine. A sealing system is provided which prevents entry of unfiltered air while simultaneously permitting movement of the engine relative to adjacent parts of the airframe as engine power setting varies. The seal is protected from high pressures in the duct which can occur in operation of the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas aftertreatment filter system for an internal combustion engine includes an aftertreatment filter disposed in-line with an exhaust gas conduit coupled to an internal combustion engine, a mounting bracket defining a mounting surface and at least one leg extending from the mounting bracket, the at least one leg defining a mounting foot at a distal end thereof with the mounting foot of the at least one leg and the mounting surface of the mounting bracket defining a first air gap therebetween, the mounting foot of the at least one leg secured to the aftertreatment filter, and at least one electrical component secured to the mounting surface of the mounting bracket.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for use in pressed powder metallurgy. The composition includes a plurality of substantially dry, discrete agglomerates, a portion of which include a first metal particle adhered to a second metal particle by a binder that includes a polysaccharide. The composition can be used to form green compacts that exhibit excellent green strength and high density. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of the composition, a method of forming a metal part using the composition and metal parts formed according to the method.

Abstract: A niobium powder for capacitors, having an average particle size of from 10 to 500 ?m, which is a granulated powder having an oxygen content of 3 to 9% by mass; a sintered body thereof; and a capacitor fabricated from the sintered body as one part electrode, a dielectric material formed on the surface of the sintered body, and another part electrode provided on the dielectric material. A capacitor manufactured from the sintered body of a niobium powder of the present invention is prevented from deterioration in the performance for a long period of time and has high reliability.

Abstract: Nuclear metal or alloy particle preparation method and device; said device comprising: means to prepare a fluid mass of the metal or alloy by melting; means to put the fluid mass of the metal or metal alloy in the form of a molten metal or alloy stream; means to impart a centrifugal rotation movement to a quenching fluid and carry out the atomisation of the molten metal or metal alloy stream particles and the quick quenching of the particles; means to melt the nuclear metal or metal alloy in an inert gas atmosphere, and means to surround the molten metal or metal alloy stream by a neutral gas envelope until quenching.

Abstract: Novel forms of molybdenum metal, and apparatus and methods for production thereof. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are preferably characterized by a surface area of substantially about 2.1 m2/g to substantially about 4.1 m2/g. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are also preferably characterized by a relatively uniform size.

Abstract: A plant includes an absorber (103) that operates in a gas phase supercritical region and removes an acid gas from a feed stream (9) at high recovery of the feed stream (10) while producing a high purity acid gas stream (36). Particularly preferred plants include gas purification plants that receive a feed gas with at least 5 mol % carbon dioxide at a pressure of at least 3000 psi.

Abstract: A device, system and methods related to the same are provided for the treatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. An exhaust treatment device is provided comprising a chamber containing a liquid bath through which exhaust gases are directed for removing exhaust products from the exhaust gas. A thermal reducer is provided for reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas prior to entry into the exhaust gas treatment device, as desired. Further provided are related methods for removing carbon monoxide from exhaust gas, liquid hydrocarbon solutions for use as the liquid bath in the exhaust gas treatment device, and methods for preparing such liquid hydrocarbon bath solutions.

Abstract: Preservative composition for various materials and method of preserving the same is disclosed. The preservative composition includes at least one silane-containing material and at least one hydrocarbon solvent containing molecules of at least five carbon atoms.

Abstract: Fluorescent pigment compounds comprising aryl-ureido benzoxazinone compounds of the general formula (I): wherein R1 is an substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from an H atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarboxy group and a halogen atom, X is a carbon or sulfur atom and n is an integer of 1 or more. Many of the compounds of this class produce a yellow, generally deep yellow, emission at wavelengths of about 560 to about 585 nm when excited by an appropriate UV source. These compounds produce fluorescence making them useful as fluorescent pigments, those compounds providing emission wavelengths within the range of from about 560 to about 585 or higher when excited by a UV source are particularly useful. Those compounds having this emission spectra for the compounds makes these compounds particularly useful as pigments in security applications, particularly as pigments for use in security inks and fibers.

Abstract: The instant invention pertains to an inkjet ink composition comprising a soluble colorant and a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises an aqueous continuous phase and a microemulsified oil phase. The invention also pertains to an ink set containing this inkjet ink, as well as methods of printing using the inkjet ink and/or ink set.

Abstract: Water-soluble, photosensitive, optically variable (POV) inks exhibit improved OCR readability due to improved infrared absorption properties. The inks can produce images that can be viewed with both visible and ultraviolet light to have physically coincident positive and negative images. The new inks contain at least two types of colorants in addition to the IR absorber and other suitable ingredients. The first colorant comprises a fluorescent dye or pigment emitting light within a characteristic emission band when excited by fluorescent-exciting radiation. The second colorant comprises a carbon black infrared radiation absorbing composition alone or with one or more dyes or pigments having a light absorption band at longer wavelengths than the characteristic emission band of the first colorant or also overlapping the emission wavelength of the first colorant in such a way as to result in a dark color.

Abstract: An aqueous ink comprising at least two dyes each having at least one ionic hydrophilic group in a molecule thereof, wherein at least one of said at least two dyes includes an azo dye represented by formula (1): wherein A and B each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic group; or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent heterocyclic group; R1 represents a hydrogen atom; a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group; or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; and X represents —CR2? or a nitrogen atom, and when X represents —CR2?, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

Abstract: A fluorescent water base ink for ink-jet recording contains a fluorescent dye having a xanthene skeleton, and a glycol. In the fluorescent dye, the difference in hydrophilic index log P is not less than 2.6 between a substituent bonded to C-9 carbon atom of the xanthene skeleton and other portion of the fluorescent dye than the substituent bonded to the C-9 carbon atom. The glycol has a distance between hydroxyl groups substantially equivalent to or longer than an interatomic distance between atoms directly bonded to C-3 and C-6 carbon atoms of the xanthene skeleton of the fluorescent dye, respectively. It is assumed that the glycol is coordinated with the xanthene skeleton in a bridge form to increase the fluorescence intensity by increasing the electron density of the xanthene skeleton. The ink having high fluorescence intensity and in which the fluorescence intensity is not lowered in a time-dependent manner is provided.

Abstract: The process for producing highly concentrated nanometer-size fine particles of an organic pigment, which comprises dissolving the organic pigment in an amide solvent, especially an organic solvent comprising at least 50 vol % 1-methyl-2-pyrrodinone, and pouring the resultant organic pigment solution with stirring into a poor solvent which is not compatible with the organic pigment. The pigment may be a quinacridone pigment, phthalocyanine pigment etc. Any atmospheric pressure to a sub-critical and/or supercritical state can be employed as the production conditions.

Abstract: Fatty (meth)acrylates having a %-EpO content of below 0.6, which are reaction products of epoxidized compounds selected from the group consisting of epoxidized fatty acid esters, epoxidized triglycerides and mixtures thereof, and acids selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof, wherein the %-EpO content of the epoxidized compound is above 6.4, wherein the epoxidized compound is an epoxidation product of fatty acid moieties having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, wherein less than 20 mole % of the fatty acid moieties contain three or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and wherein greater than 60 mole % of the fatty acid moieties contain two carbon-carbon double bonds are useful as pigment dispersants. Pigment dispersant concentrates, aqueous pigment dispersions and methods of dispersing pigments with the fatty (meth)acrylates are described.

Abstract: A mask with sub-resolution aperture features and a method for smoothing an annealed surface using a sub-resolution mask pattern are provided. The method comprises: supplying a laser beam having a first wavelength; supplying a mask with a first mask section having apertures with a first dimension and a second mask section with apertures having a second dimension, less than the first dimension; applying a laser beam having a first energy density to a substrate region; melting a substrate region in response to the first energy density; crystallizing the substrate region; applying a diffracted laser beam to the substrate region; and, in response to the diffracted laser beam, smoothing the substrate region surface. In some aspects of the method, applying a diffracted laser beam to the substrate area includes applying a diffracted laser beam having a second energy density, less than the first energy density, to the substrate region.

Abstract: A method for fabricating ion exchange waveguides, such as lithium niobate or lithium tantalate waveguides in optical modulators and other optical waveguide devices, utilizes pressurized annealing to further diffuse and limit exchange of the ions and includes ion exchanging the crystalline substrate with a source of ions and annealing the substrate by pressurizing a gas atmosphere containing the lithium niobate or lithium tantalate substrate above normal atmospheric pressure, heating the substrate to a temperature ranging from about 150 degrees Celsius to about 1000 degrees Celsius, maintaining pressure and temperature to effect greater ion diffusion and limit exchange, and cooling the structure to an ambient temperature at an appropriate ramp down rate. In another aspect of the invention a powder of the same chemical composition as the crystalline substrate is introduced into the anneal process chamber to limit the crystalline substrate from outgassing alkaline earth metal oxide during the anneal period.

Abstract: A radiation detector made from a compound, or alloy, comprising CdxZn1?xTe (0=x=1), Pb in a concentration between 10 and 10,000 atomic parts per billion and at least one element selected from the group consisting of (i) Cl and (ii) elements in column III of the periodic table in a concentration between 10 and 10,000 atomic parts per billion. The radiation detector exhibits full electrical compensation, high-resistivity, full depletion under an applied electrical bias and excellent charge transport.

Abstract: A silicon carbide seeded sublimation growth system and associated method are disclosed. The system includes a crucible, a silicon carbide source composition in the crucible, a seed holder in the crucible, a silicon carbide seed crystal on the seed holder, means for creating a major thermal gradient in the crucible that defines a major growth direction between the source composition and the seed crystal for encouraging vapor transport between the source composition and the seed crystal, and the seed crystal being positioned on the seed holder with the macroscopic growth surface of the seed crystal forming an angle of between about 70° and 89.5° degrees relative to the major thermal gradient and the major growth direction and with the crystallographic orientation of the seed crystal having the c-axis of the crystal forming an angle with the major thermal gradient of between about 0° and 2°.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for diamond coating of substrates in which the substrate is exposed in a vacuum atmosphere to a reactive gas mixture excited by means of a plasma discharge, the plasma discharge comprising a plasma beam (14) in an evacuated receiver (16) that is formed between a cathode chamber (1) and an anode (2), and the reactive gas mixture comprising a reactive gas and a working gas, the reactive gas in (9) and the working gas in (8) and/or (9) introduced into the receiver, and the receiver (16) is evacuated by a pump arrangement (15), and the hydrogen concentration of the reactive gas mixture being 0–45 vol. %.

Abstract: A coating apparatus for coating a rollable device including a device rotator having a pair of rollers and spray nozzle is described. The spray nozzle produces a spray of coating material that is directed towards a gap that is between the rollers of the pair. The majority of any spray not deposited on the rollable device during a coating process passes through the gap between the rollers.

Abstract: A device (510) for the direct or indirect application of liquid or pasty application medium (516) by means of an applicator unit (512) to a material web (520), in particular of paper or board, comprises a device (570) upstream of the applicator unit (512) in the running direction (L) of the substrate (U) in order to attenuate the air boundary layer (G) carried along by the substrate (U). The attenuation device can in this case comprise a sealing element (570) which is pressed in a sealing manner against the substrate (U) and rolls on the latter substantially without slippage, and/or can comprise an electrode arrangement and/or can comprise an ultrasound source and/or can comprise a resilient diaphragm element acting without contact.

Abstract: Processing gases reactive with each other are provided in parallel to a processing chamber through separate delivery lines including mass flow controllers devoted to each line. The parallel delivery lines meet in a mixing manifold located proximate to the processing chamber and relatively far downstream from the mass flow controllers and other flow-constricting components of the gas delivery system. The continuous high flow of gas provided by the devoted mass flow controllers may maintain a sufficiently high pressures on the delivery lines to prevent partial clogging from leading to a further drop in pressure and complete obstruction of the delivery line.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate processor includes a substrate transfer chamber and a plurality of substrate processing chambers connected therewith. An interfacial structure is received between at least one of the processing chambers and the transfer chamber. The interfacial structure includes a substantially non-metallic, thermally insulative mass of material interposed between the one processing chamber and the transfer chamber. The mass is of sufficient volume to effectively reduce heat transfer from the processing chamber to the transfer chamber than would otherwise occur in the absence of said mass of material. An interfacial structure includes a body having a substrate passageway extending therethrough. The passageway includes walls at least a portion of which are substantially metallic. The body includes material peripheral of the walls which is substantially non-metallic and thermally insulative. The substantially non-metallic material has mounting openings extending at least partially therein.

Abstract: A system and method for processing an edge of a substrate includes an edge roller and a first proximity head. The first proximity head being mounted on the edge roller. The first proximity head capable of forming a meniscus and including a concave portion and multiple ports opening into the concave portion. The concave portion being capable of receiving an edge of a substrate and the ports including at least one process liquid injection port, at least one vacuum port and at least one surface tension control port.

Abstract: A method for removing polymer containing residues from a semiconductor wafer including metal containing features including providing a semiconductor wafer having a process surface including metal containing features said process surface at least partially covered with polymer containing residues; and, subjecting the semiconductor wafer to a series of cleaning steps including sequentially exposing the process surface to at least one primary solvent and at least one intermediate solvent the at least one intermediate solvent comprising an ammonium nitrate containing solution.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of cork or a cork-based material particularly with a view towards extracting contaminating organic compounds, in which said cork or said cork-based material is put into contact with a dense fluid under pressure at a temperature of from 10 to 120° C. and at a pressure of from 10 to 600 bars. Manufacturing installation for parts made of cork or a cork-based material, such as bottle corks, comprising an installation for treatment or extraction by putting the said cork or the said material into contact with a dense fluid under pressure.

Abstract: In order to dampen magnetization changes in magnetic devices, such as magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) used in high speed Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), a transition metal selected from the 4d transition metals and 5d transition metals is alloyed into the magnetic layer to be dampened. In a preferred form, a magnetic permalloy layer is alloyed with osmium (Os) in an atomic concentration of between 4% and 15% of the alloy.

Abstract: In the production of electrical steel strips, a special islab-reheating treatment before hot rolling is carried out so that the maximum temperature within the furnace is reached by the slab well before its extraction from the furnace. During the heating stage and performance at the highest temperatures of the thermal cycle, second phase particles are dissolved and segregated elements are distributed in the metallic matrix, while during cooling and temperature equalising steps of the slab in the furnace a controlled amount of small second phases particles are more homogeneously re-precipitated from the metallic matrix. Differently from all the conventional processes for the production of electrical steels, the slab reheating furnace become a site in which it is performed the precipitation of a controlled amount of second phases particles for the necessary grain growth control during the successive process steps.

Abstract: A sintered body with a composition consisting of 25% to 35% by weight of R (wherein R represents one or more rare earth elements, providing that the rare earth elements include Y), 0.5% to 4.5% by weight of B, 0.02% to 0.6% by weight of Al and/or Cu, 0.03% to 0.25% by weight of Zr, 4% or less by weight (excluding 0) of Co, and the balance substantially being Fe, wherein a coefficient of variation (CV) showing the dispersion of Zr is 130 or lower. This sintered body enables to inhibit the grain growth, while keeping the decrease of magnetic properties to a minimum, and to improve the suitable sintering temperature range.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for annealing copper. The method comprises forming a copper layer by electroplating on a substrate in an integrated processing system and annealing the copper layer in a chamber inside the integrated processing system.

Abstract: The present teachings and illustrations describe a process for forming a plurality of conductive structures in or on a substrate. In one embodiment, the process comprises forming a plurality of recesses in or on the substrate, wherein the plurality of recesses include recesses having different dimensions. In addition, the process further comprises (i) forming a conductive layer which at least partially fills the plurality of recesses and (ii) treating the conductive layer to improve the conductive properties of the conductive layer. Moreover, the process still further comprises (iii) sequentially repeating acts (i) and (ii) until each of the recesses of the plurality of recesses are filled to a desired dimension and such that the conductive material in the recesses of smaller dimension are more uniformly adhered to the bottom surfaces of the recesses.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods of processing nickel-titanium alloys including from greater than 50 up to 55 atomic percent nickel to provide a desired austenite transformation temperature and/or austenite transformation temperature range. In one embodiment, the method comprises selecting a desired austenite transformation temperature, and thermally processing the nickel-titanium alloy to adjust an amount of nickel in solid solution in a TiNi phase of the alloy such that a stable austenite transformation temperature is reached, wherein the stable austenite transformation temperature is essentially equal to the desired austenite transformation temperature.

Abstract: A thermally stable booster explosive and process for the manufacture of the explosive. The product explosive is 2,4,7,9-tetranitro-10H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]indole (TNBFI). A reactant/solvent such as n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) or dimethyl formamide (DMF) is made slightly basic. The solution is heated to reduce the water content. The solution is cooled and hexanitrostilbene is added. The solution is heated to a predetermined temperature for a specific time period, cooled, and the product is collected by filtration.

Abstract: A method for joining fabrics, particularly high strength fabrics such as airship hull fabrics, including the steps of: measuring selected parameters of two fabric layers to be joined and the adhesive and any tape or other materials intended to be included in the joint; calculating therefrom an optimal value of a quality control parameter of an ideal joint, such as joint thickness, specific gravity or opacity; assembling the two fabric layers and other materials in the desired order; and applying heat and pressure to the assemblage until the selected quality control parameter of the joint, such as joint thickness, specific gravity or opacity, is satisfied.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric having characteristics resembling woven and knitted fabrics is produced by extruding a plurality of plural component fibers, where each fiber includes first and second polymer components with the first polymer component having a degree of shrinkage when subjected to heat. A nonwoven web of the extruded fibers is formed on a web forming surface and bonded. The bonded web of fibers are post-bond treated to shrink at least the first polymer component and separate at least a portion of the second polymer component from the first polymer component utilizing any combination of heat, mechanical agitation and dissolving of fiber components. The resultant nonwoven fabric has a texture, drape and feel of woven and knitted fabrics.

Abstract: A distinctive process for making a garment including an absorbent assembly is disclosed. The process includes transporting a first web and a second web and joining the first web and the second web to provide a crotch seam. Portions of the webs may also be removed to provide an opening, and an absorbent assembly may be disposed on the first web proximate the opening. Portions of one or both of the webs may also be directed in the cross machine direction and the edges of the webs attached together to form a waist opening and a pair of leg openings.

Abstract: A method is provided for altering residual stresses in a fiber-metal-laminate structure. At least a first fiber laminate substrate layer having first and second surfaces is provided. At least a first outer metallic laminate layer having third and fourth surfaces is provided, and the first and fourth surface is provided, and the first and fourth surfaces are bonded together. The third surface is peened, such that the at least first fiber laminate substrate layer is subjected to residual tensile stresses and the at least first outer metallic laminate layer is subjected to residual compression stresses. Peening defines a peened region that extends from the third surface into the at least first outer metallic laminate layer a finite distance that is closer to the third surface than the fourth surface.

Abstract: A method and device for applying a label to a packet of cigarettes travelling in a given direction along a conveying path; to apply the label to the packet, a pickup head is fed along a feed path by rotating the pickup head about two axes parallel to each other, and by moving the pickup head radially with respect to one of the two axes.

Abstract: To realize a method of manufacturing an electro-optical device, which is capable of completely dividing a plurality of substrates used for the electro-optical device along division lines, in a method of manufacturing the electro-optical device, two or more substrates used for electro-optical devices, which are adhered to each other, are divided along division lines. The method includes adhering, a first substrate and a second substrate, on whose one surface a plurality of grooves or a groove is formed in a predetermined width along a division line, to each other on the surface of the second substrate where the plurality of grooves or the one groove is formed and dividing generated cracks in the other surface of the first substrate, which is opposite to the surface adhered to the second substrate, along the division line to divide the first substrate and the second substrate that are adhered to each other.