Abstract: The invention relates to methods, apparatus, articles-of-manufacture, and coded data signals for measuring cardiac output, limb blood flow, perfusion, blood pressure, artery elasticity, and cardiovascular deterioration and disease, including performing these measurements on a continuous heart beat-by-beat basis, for humans and animals. Unlike empirical methods of other noninvasive blood pressure concepts, the invention is grounded on scientifically appropriate hemodynamic principles that studies have validated as accurate, and is practical for wide clinical use. Devices constructed in accordance with the invention can be comfortably employed for numerous applications, including hospital monitoring, physician's office cardiovascular disease management and drug therapy monitoring, home monitoring, and athletic applications.

Abstract: A biopsy device which is compatible for use with a magnetic resonance imaging machine. The device includes a non-metallic elongated substantially tubular needle having a distal end, a proximal end, a longitudinal axis therebetween, and a port on the elongated needle for receiving a tissue sample. The device further includes a sharpened distal tip for insertion within tissue. The sharpened distal tip is attached to the distal end of the needle and at least partially comprises a material which will leave an artifact under magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: A lancing device integrated with a sensing strip and method of making and using the same are provided. A lance and analyte sensing strip are combined in a single, preferably disposable, device. In a preferred embodiment, a slot is provided in a support member so the lance can be engaged by a lance driver and driven into the skin producing a bodily fluid sample from a wound. The sensing area of the sensing strip is adjacent to the wound location reducing dexterity requirements for patients.

Abstract: A massage device has a close-packed presenting structure of massage elements, mounted on a working unit. The presenting structure is sufficiently closely packed to prevent insertion of an adult's digit, e.g. finger or toe, into the spaces between respective ones of the massage elements. Such close packing, in a drum-type structure of closely-packed massage elements, prevents a user from accidental injury to his/her fingers or toes if and as the presenting structure is rotating about an axis of rotation. The massage device can have a heel rest, a variable speed drive, and/or a heater which heats the massage elements.

Abstract: A motion controlling hinge for an orthopedic brace is provided. The hinge includes an actuator secured to one arm, and at least one spring member. As the arm with the actuator pivots in a first direction, at a predetermined flexion angle the actuator applies a force to the spring member, causing the spring member to flex. The spring member exerts a force on the actuator tending to bias the actuator away from the spring member, and tending to bias the arm in a second direction opposite the first direction. In a preferred embodiment, the spring member comprises a plurality of flat bar leaf springs. A movable fulcrum enables adjustment of a force exerted by the spring member on the actuator. A variety of differently sized adapters are securable to the actuator. The size of the adapter determines the flexion angle at which the spring member first exerts force on the actuator.

Abstract: A physical rehabilitation device includes a first frame assembly, a second frame assembly and fixing assembly pivotally connecting the first and second frame assemblies. The fixing assembly has a pivot base on the first frame assembly and a pivot disk on the second frame assembly to be pivoted on the pivot base by a pivot member. The pivot disk has at least two lock slots with teeth on a sidewall thereof. A fixing member is pivoted on the first frame assembly, which has lock blocks associated with the lock slots respectively. The pivot base has slots associated with the lock blocks respectively to pass the lock blocks through the pivot base and to be engaged with the teeth, whereby an angle between the first frame assembly and the second frame assembly is fixed via the lock blocks engaged with the teeth.

Abstract: A band for use for breast stabilization from lateral gravitational shifting is disclosed. The band comprises a strip to encircle the body, a first section comprising a semi-cylindrical component of a sponge-like material at one end and a nap material patch on its outer surface with a cylindrical side placed over the sternum, and a second section fro connecting an end of the body strip to encircle a user's body. The band comprises at least one fenestration to enable breast exposure.

Abstract: The present invention provides an orthopedic device for therapy and rehabilitation of joints to increase the range of motion of the joint, a method of manufacture therefor, and a method of operating the same. The orthopedic device, among other possible elements, may include a foot support element configured to substantially support a user's foot or ankle, at least two guide lines each having a first and a second end, wherein each of the first ends are coupleable to the foot support element. The orthopedic device, may further include a control member coupleable to each of the second ends, the control member configured to control the at least two guide lines to flex the user's foot or ankle in a plurality of directions.

Abstract: The orthosis comprises a leg portion and a foot portion. The leg portion which extends upwards from the ankle serves to apply therapeutic compression to the leg once the orthosis has been put on. The foot portion which extends from the malleolar region to the toes and covers the instep is a shaped portion that envelops the foot elastically. The dimensioning and the mesh structure of the foot portion are such that 0<Px<Pm<Pb once the orthosis has been put on, Px being the pressure applied to the instep region, Pm being the pressure applied to the malleolar region, and Pb being the therapeutic compression applied to the ankle region. Preferably, Px=5 mmHg±25% and Pm=0.5(Pb+Px)±25%.

Abstract: A trabecular flow model for producing treatment recommendations for patients with elevated intraocular pressure is disclosed. One method includes providing intraocular pressure measurements for a patient; providing aqueous cavity information, such as collector channel resistance and Schlemm's canal resistance, and determining a treatment recommendation for the patient based on the aforementioned parameters.

Abstract: A needle or puncture guard that has inherent probe directing features for use in an in-line configured shunt valve is provided. The guard comprises a base member configured for mounting within the domed reservoir of the shunt valve, and a guide wall seated on the base member. The guide wall is defined by a top wall, an inner side wall, and an opposed outer side wall. The inner side wall has an indented section with an aperture extending through the indented section. The inner side wall can be concavely curved, while the indented section has a curvature that directs instruments that are pressed against the guide wall towards the aperture. A method for performing catheter revisions on a shunt system having a guard within the shunt valve is provided as well. Also provided is a method for placement of an intracranial pressure sensor percutaneously into a ventricular catheter for determining intracranial pressure.

Abstract: An implantable pump system includes: an implantable pump having separate chambers or reservoirs; and a catheter having two or more reservoir-specific inlet ports directed into respective lumens of the catheter. In one embodiment, the distal tips of the respective lumens may be directed to different sites within the patient's body, thereby allowing site specific and independent delivery of the medications stored in the respective pump chambers or reservoirs to be administered to different body sites at independently controlled times and rates. In another embodiment, the distal tips of the respective lumens are directed, more or less, to the same body site or tissue region, thereby providing for the independent delivery of multiple medications to the same regions at independently controlled times and rates.

Abstract: A catheter comprising a tube having a distal end for deployment in a patient, and a proximal end for remaining outside of the patient; an anchoring mechanism at the distal end of the tube having a fully open configuration, a fully closed configuration, and a range of configurations therebetween; a filamentary member attached to the anchoring mechanism for controlling the configuration of the anchoring mechanism; and a controller located at or near the proximal end of the tube for controlling the filamentary member, wherein the controller comprises an indicator for visually indicating the anchoring mechanism configuration, a locking mechanism for locking the anchoring mechanism in the fully closed configuration; or a combination of the visual indicator and the locking mechanism.

Abstract: The fluid injection apparatus includes a syringe, an injector, and a pressure jacket. The syringe has a cylindrical body with an injection section at a distal end and a plurality of outward extending retaining flanges at a proximal end. The injector has an injector housing defining a central opening and an injector drive piston extendable through the central opening for imparting motive forces to a syringe plunger disposed within the syringe. The pressure jacket secures the syringe during an injection procedure. The pressure jacket has a wall defining a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves in an inner surface thereof configured to receive the retaining flanges of the syringe. The grooves cooperate with a plurality of transversely extending slots defined in the inner surface of the pressure jacket wall. The engagement of the retaining flanges in the slots via the grooves secures the syringe in the pressure jacket.

Abstract: A syringe interface for attaching syringes to a drive mechanism which includes a drive member to impart motion to a syringe plunger includes a plurality of syringe mount apertures having different dimensions to attach each of a plurality of syringes to the syringe interface. Each of the syringes for attachment to the syringe interface includes at least one mounting flange, and each of the plurality of syringes has a different mounting flange dimension. Each of the plurality of syringe mount apertures is in general alignment with an axis of the drive member. A syringe drive mechanism includes a syringe interface as described above. The syringe drive mechanism can further include a sensing system to sense which size of the plurality of syringes is mounted on the syringe interface. The syringe drive mechanism can also include a processor and a memory which are in operative communication with the drive member. The memory includes a control program stored therein.

Abstract: A disposable syringe has a needle seat with an upper segment adapted to be fitted with a needle cannula, and a lower segment retained in a passage of a barrel. A plunger has a stem portion movable in the passage, a deformable surrounding engaging portion in sealing contact with the passage so as to be moved by the stem portion to a position of use, and a surrounding abutting head which is moved towards and which is held by a grip segment in the needle seat when the surrounding engaging portion is depressed by an edge portion of the needle seat by virtue of a continuing depression force of the plunger, thereby permitting the needle seat to be brought into the passage for disposal.

Abstract: A valve arrangement for providing clinical nutrition is provided. The valve arrangement is suitable for use with a rotary peristaltic pump and is capable of allowing flow of fluid in a first direction and capable of preventing flow of fluid in a second direction, wherein the valve arrangement comprises a valve having a cracking pressure of about 0.10 to about 0.20 bar. Also described are a method of production of the valve arrangement, use of the valve arrangement in providing nutrition to a patient and a method of treatment of a patient that comprises administering an effective amount of a composition via the valve arrangement.

Abstract: An adapter arrangement for use with a waste collection construction, for example an ostomy appliance, includes a flange defining a stoma-receiving aperture and a tubular wall extending from the flange. The flange includes first and second opposite surfaces, each having an adhesive layer disposed thereon. The tubular wall has an inner, stoma-contacting surface and an opposite outer surface. The inner, stoma-contacting surface includes a stoma-contacting adhesive layer. A collection system includes an adapter arrangement, and a waste collection pouch. The waste collection pouch includes a pouch wall and a mouth. There is a lip on the pouch wall circumscribing the mouth, and an adhesive collar circumscribing the lip. The tubular wall of the adapter arrangement is received within the mouth, and the adhesive layer on the flange of the adapter arrangement secures the flange to the pouch lip.

Abstract: An improved absorbent catamenial tampon is disclosed comprising an overwrap with both a masking region and a wicking region. The compressed absorbent member of the tampon has an inner region, an exterior surface, and an insertion end opposed to a withdrawal end. The overwrap comprises a masking region and a wicking region. The wicking region of the overwrap covers at least a portion of the exterior surface of the compressed absorbent member proximal to the withdrawal end of the compressed absorbent member. The masking region surrounds at least a portion of the exterior surface of the compressed absorbent member proximal to the insertion end of the compressed absorbent member.

Abstract: A disposable wearing article has first and second barrier flaps on first and second side flaps, respectively. A crotch region is formed with first and second folding guide lines diverging from the vicinity of proximal edges of the first and second barrier flaps toward side edges of the first and second side flaps, respectively. First and second sections of the crotch region are tucked inwardly along the first and second folding guide lines in a transverse direction of the article, respectively, but distal portions of the first and second barrier flaps are not tucked inwardly of the article.

Abstract: A spike assembly for facilitating the supply of a fluid from a container to a hypodermic syringe, fluid conduit extending therethrough between first and second ends of a body, a piercing member located at the first end for piercing into the container to form a fluid sealing engagement therebetween, a fluid seal, and a vent having a plurality of preprinted indicia bands with protective removable covers disposed around the outside surface of the vent which corresponds to a user details of the container contents.

Abstract: A less invasive disposable urinary collection device for receiving a penis of a male patient comprises a freestanding bulb-shaped sack formed from a single sheet of laminate material. The sheet includes a first absorbent inner layer disposed between a moisture impervious outer layer and a second absorbent layer. The sack has a top hand insertion opening with elastic and an elastic passageway disposed orthogonal to the hand opening for securing the sack to the penis.

Abstract: A laser treatment apparatus comprises: an optical guiding body which guides a treatment laser beam omitted from a laser source; an irradiation optical system for irradiating the treatment beam guided by the optical guiding body; a first beam splitter placed in the irradiation optical system to split the treatment beam guided thereto; a photo-detector which detects output of one of the split treatment beams; and a depolarizer placed in an optical path between the optical guiding body and the first beam splitter to spatially disturb a polarization state of the guided treatment beam.

Abstract: A cryosurgical system and method for supplying cryogen to a probe. The system including a container filled with cryogen and having bellows of a pump submerged within said cryogen. Conduits fluidly interconnect the bellows and a probe that is outside the container to permit the cryogen to be forced from the bellows to the probe upon activation of pump. A pressure relief valve is fluidly coupled to the conduits and positioned between the bellows and the probe. After initially forcing cryogen to the probe at a pressure that establishes a colligative-based sub-cooling of the liquid cryogen, the pressure relief valve is activated to lower the pressure of the cryogen to a running pressure.

Abstract: An instrument is provided to assess the transmurality of an ablation lesion from a first surface of a targeted biological tissue to an opposed second surface thereof. The instrument includes at least a first electrode operably attached to an ablation instrument adapted to engage a tissue first surface, and at least a second electrode adapted to engage a tissue second surface, the at least second electrode positioned generally opposed to the at least first electrode. Alternatively, the at least second electrode may be adapted to be placed within a chamber of an organ. These electrodes each measure at least one of conduction time, conduction velocity, phase angle, and impedance through at least a portion of the targeted tissue to determine the transmurality of the ablation lesion.

Abstract: A system and method for surface tissue ablation on the patient's outer skin, such as the epidermis or the underlying dermis. An electrosurgical probe (130) comprises a shaft (132) having an array of active electrodes (136) on its distal tip and a connector (134) at its proximal end for coupling the electrode array to a high frequency power supply. An electrically conducting liquid is directed along a fluid flow path (142) past a return electrode surface (138) to the target site to provide a current flow path between the target site and the return electrode. High frequency voltage is then applied to the active and return electrodes so that an electric current flows from the active electrode, through a layer of vapor formed at the tip of the electrode, and to the return electrode through the current flow path provided by the electrically conducting liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides applicators for performing thermokeratoplasty. One embodiment of such applicators includes two generally tubular electrical conducting elements coaxially disposed relative to one another and separated by an electrically insulating element having a selected thickness. At least a portion of each conducting tube is coated with an electrically insulating and thermally conductive material, e.g., anodized aluminum, so as to electrically insulate the conducting tubes from corneal tissue upon placement of the applicator on a subject's cornea while facilitating extraction of heat from the cornea.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for removing solid tissue from beneath a tissue surface are described. The methods rely on positioning an energy conductive element at a target site beneath the tissue surface and energizing the element so that it can vaporize tissue. The element is then moved in a pattern which provides the desired tissue removal geometry, such as spherical, ovoid, or cylindrical. Usually, the shaft is moved, typically rotated or reciprocated, and the energy conductive element is moved relative to the shaft, typically by pivoting a rigid element or bowing a flexible element.

Abstract: A set of surgical instruments for repairing a cartilage surface on a posterior surface of the patella includes a first instrument and a second instrument. The first instrument includes a channel defining a longitudinal axis that extends from the channel to intersect an anterior surface of the patella. The second instrument is mountable to the first instrument and includes a surface that is configured to be placed against a posterior surface of the patella. The longitudinal axis of the channel is at an angle to the surface of the second instrument when the second instrument is mounted in the first instrument.

Abstract: A surgical drill guide is disclosed generally comprising a handle connected to an arm, the arm having an end for contacting a bone. The handle has a plurality of non-parallel channels therein for receiving a sleeve at different angles. Once properly positioned, the sleeve can be used to guide a K-wire into the bone, which can then be used as a guide for drilling a tunnel. The various angles allow the surgeon to achieve a range of tunnel lengths. In some embodiments, the guide has a locking mechanism for locking the sleeve in the channels.

Abstract: A vascular introducer assembly is disclosed that includes a dilator, a sheath having an axial lumen for accommodating the dilator, a locking collar for securing the dilator and the sheath to one another and an adjustable hemostatic seal for preventing fluid egress from the axial lumen and restricting insertion of instruments through the axial lumen.

Abstract: An embolic protection device or system for use in a lumen of a vessel in a patient's vascular system. The device filters debris and blood clots in a body lumen and/or prevents them from moving distally from a treatment site in a vessel and causing emboli. The device may include a filter placed distally of the treatment site. The device may include an occlusive element placed either distally or proximally of the treatment site.

Abstract: The present invention provides an occluder with a plurality of flexible rings that comprise a self centering mechanism to keep the occluder properly centered in a defect. The self centering mechanism is located between the left and right sides of the occluder. Because the occluder remains properly centered, the chance that portions of the aperture will be exposed is reduced and the effectiveness of the occluder is increased.

Abstract: A system and method for delivering a pledget of hemostasis promoting material to a blood vessel puncture to facilitate hemostasis, having an introducer sheath having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, a control tip coupled to the introducer sheath, and a self-expandable member disposed around a portion of the control tip to control blood flow at the blood vessel puncture.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to crystalline copolymers of l-lactide and a minor portion of a cyclic monomer, preferably ?-caprolactone or trimethylene carbonate or both. The present copolymers have a melting temperature of at least 150° C. and a crystallinity of at least 20%. Preferred are high molecular weight copolymers having an inherent viscosity of at least 1.1 dl/g. A variety of surgical constructs may be formed from the present copolymers. Surgical sutures made of mono- or multifilament yams of the present copolymers will bioabsorb in less than three years and will maintain at least 50% of their initial strength three weeks post-operatively.

Abstract: A method and device for the treatment of atrial fibrillation by inhibiting the flow of electricity from the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. The method includes inhibiting electrical flow by disabling the conductive fibers mechanically, using an incision (70), or via fibrosis, or chemically by applying toxic substances to the fibers. In one embodiment, a device (30) is useable to deliver a prosthetic structure (10) to the pulmonary vein that is useable to stretch the pulmonary vein, thereby inducing fibrosis, keeping the incision (70) open, or delivering a substance to the endothelium of the pulmonary vein. The structure (10) delivered by the device (30) is a self-expanding prosthetic structure. In another embodiment, a device (60) is useable to deliver and expand a prosthetic structure (10) that is expandable but not self-expanding.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adjustable occlusion device for use in a body lumen such as the left atrial appendage. The occlusion device is removably carried by a deployment catheter. The device may be enlarged or reduced to facilitate optimal placement or removal. Methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Stent delivery devices include at least one implantable stent carrier and/or membrane for carrying multiple stents or stent segments over an expandable member. At least a portion of the implantable carrier is expandable by the expandable member to deploy the portion of the carrier and one or more stent segments disposed thereon. A sheath may be retracted to expose and expand a distal portion of the expandable member to expand and deploy a distal portion of the carrier and the stent segment(s) disposed thereon. Stent delivery devices and methods provide enhanced delivery of multiple stents or stent segments by delivering the segments while coupled with one or more implantable carriers and/or membranes that are typically flexible and dividable.

Abstract: A tubular prosthesis is provided which includes a tubular member and an outer covering sealed to portions of the tubular member, with a pocket being defined therebetween. A filling agent, preferably a substantially incompressible agent, is disposed in the pocket so as to cause portions of the outer covering to expand from the tubular member. As an endovascular prosthesis, the filled pocket can be used as a seal against the wall of a blood vessel to prevent Type I endoleaks.

Abstract: A device for treatment of mitral annulus dilatation comprises an elongate body having two states. In a first of these states the elongate body is insertable into the coronary sinus and has a shape adapting to the shape of the coronary sinus. When positioned in the coronary sinus, the elongate body is transferable to the second state assuming a reduced radius of curvature, whereby the radius of curvature of the coronary sinus and the radius of curvature as well as the circumference of the mitral annulus is reduced.

Abstract: A medical device and a method for providing a change of shape in a part of the body of an organism. The device is insertable into the body of the organism and comprises a member having a preferred state of shape and having a tendency to transfer its shape towards said preferred state of shape when being in a non-preferred state of shape. The device further comprises a resorbable means which is arranged to hold the member in the non-preferred state of shape and to delay the transfer when the device is inserted into the body of the organism by counteracting said transfer during resorption of the resorbable means by the surrounding body of the organism.

Abstract: An aspheric soft intraocular lens, having an optical power surface, which may have multiple radii portions or aspherical portions, as well as spherical portions, intended to replace the crystalline lens of a patient's eye, in particular after a cataract extraction. Such an aspheric soft lens is molded in a coined mold. A pair of core pins, positioned within the mold cavity during the lens forming process, will produce a pair of haptic-mounting holes within the lens. As the lenses are subsequently tumbled to remove flash, indentations will form adjacent to the haptic-mounting holes. These indentations allow for tangential attachment of the haptic to the lens which, in turn, enables maximum flexibility without exceeding the width of the optic.

Abstract: Disclosed are medical prosthetic devices or medical implants which exhibit improved biocompatitibly. The devices or implants include a metal material, e.g. titanium, in which the metal surface parts are coated with a corresponding hydride material that contains one or more biomolecule substance. This biomolecule substance may contain one or more biologically active molecules, e.g. bio-adhesives, biopolymers, blood proteins, enzymes, extra cellular matrix proteins, extra cellular matrix biomolecules, growth factors and hormones, peptide hormones, deoxyribonucleic acids, ribonucleic acids, receptors, enzyme inhibitors, drugs, biologically active anions and cations, vitamins, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), marker biomuolecules, amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides (RNA and DNA bases), or sugars.

Abstract: An improved interbody fusion device incorporating anti-rotation features to inhibit accidental screwing or unscrewing of the fusion device in an intervertebral disc space. One such feature is a thread pattern having a crest diameter that increasingly tapers from a smaller diameter at the insertion end to a larger diameter at the opposite end making further advancement of the thread into the bone more difficult. Another feature is a thread cut out on the trailing edge of the thread, creating a barb which has a tendency to inhibit unscrewing. These features may be used alone or in combination for an improved interbody fusion device.

Abstract: A vertebral implant for fusing adjacent vertebrae or for replacing vertebral bodies is disclosed. The implant is a biocompatible metal, resorbable, or radiolucent implant conforming substantially in size and shape with an end plate of a vertebra. The implant preferably has a wedge-shaped profile to restore disc height and the natural curvature of the spine. The top and bottom surfaces of the implant have areas with a plurality of teeth to resist expulsion and provide initial stability and areas devoid of any protrusions to receive implantation instrumentation. The implant also has a stackability feature. The implant provides initial stability needed for fusion without stress shielding.

Abstract: Arthroplasty devices having improved bone in growth to provide a more secure connection within the body. Different embodiments disclosed include devices having threaded intramedullary components, devices configured to receive bone growth promoting substances, devices with resorbable components, and devices configured to reduce shear stress.

Abstract: A hip prosthesis (20) having a shell (22), liner (24), and retainer ring (26) is utilized for hip arthroplasty. The liner (24) fits inside the shell (22), which is attached to a patient's pelvis, and the retainer ring (26) engages a terminal liner margin (54) to inhibit expansion of and decrease the size of a restricted liner opening (72) defined by the liner margin (54). By inhibiting expansion of the liner opening (72), the ball (92) of a patient's femur (90) is securely held in the liner (24). In one embodiment, the liner (98) is inhibited from rotation relative to the shell (96) by a plurality of protrusions (106) which mate with recesses (102) in the shell (96). In that embodiment, the liner (98) is provided with catch lips (108) to hold the liner (98) in the shell (96) and a positioning flange (110) which operates to form a relief gap (120) between the shell (96) and the liner (98).

Abstract: A membrane for implantation in soft tissue comprising a first domain that supports tissue ingrowth, disrupts contractile forces typically found in a foreign body response, encourages vascularity, and interferes with barrier cell layer formation, and a second domain that is resistant to cellular attachment, is impermeable to cells and cell processes, and allows the passage of analytes. The membrane allows for long-term analyte transport in vivo and is suitable for use as a biointerface for implantable analyte sensors, cell transplantation devices, drug delivery devices, and/or electrical signal delivering or measuring devices. The membrane architecture, including cavity size, depth, and interconnectivity, provide long-term robust functionality of the membrane in vivo.

Abstract: A method of treating finished garments comprising cellulosic material so as to cause cross-linking, which comprises the step of treating fabrics with an effective amount of a blocked cross-linking agent for cellulose, the cross-linking agent being thermally activated.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is novel pyrazolo[3,2-c]-1,2,4-triazoles of formula (I) which are useful for the oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibers, in particular human hair, the compositions containing these compounds and the dyeing method using them. in which R1 represents a hydroxyl group or a C1–C4 alkyl group substituted with at least one hydroxyl radical, and R2 represents an aryl group which may be substituted with at least one radical chosen from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, sulfonamido, alkylthio, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy and sulfo radicals.