Abstract: A membrane for a sensor, a method for the preparation thereof, a layered membrane structure and a sensor for analytical measurements which require controlled analyte permeability. The membrane, layered structure and sensor may be used for biological, physiological and chemical measurements, however, are especially applicable for electrochemical measurements of glucose, lactate, urea and creatinine. The membrane comprises at least one polymer material, at least one surfactant, and at least one hydrophilic compound in admixture to provide a membrane structure in which micelles of hydrophilic compound lined with thin layers of surfactant are randomly distributed in the bulk polymer of the membrane. Upon conditioning of the membrane a structure of a perculating network of pores lined with surfactant is formed which has excellent permeability properties. The membrane has the additional advantage of a proper adhesion to polymer encapsulant structures.

Abstract: An electrode plate of a sample plate is set on the body of an electrophoretic apparatus, while a plug is inserted into a migration high voltage line connection hole and connected to a high-tension distribution cable. Each well of a base plate is inserted into a through hole of a well guide and further press-fit and engaged into a cavity of an electrode plate, for fixing the base plate to the electrode plate. Thereafter a sample is introduced into each well of the base plate and an end of a capillary column is dipped into each well for applying a migration voltage and electrophoretically injecting the sample into the capillary column.

Abstract: An electrophoresis member is produced by laying a plurality of capillaries on an adhesive layer born on a support layer to form a capillary layer, laminating thereon a second support layer, and partially removing the first support layer, the first adhesive layer and the second support layer to partially expose the capillaries to form a window portion for irradiation and detection and a sample injection portion for injecting a sample.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically filling features on a wafer surface to form a substantially planar copper layer is provided. The features to be filled includes a first feature that is an unfilled feature with the smallest width and a second feature having the next larger width after the smallest feature. The first and the second features are less than 10 micrometers in width. The method comprises applying a first cathodic current to form a first copper layer on the wafer surface. The first copper layer has a planar portion over a first feature and a non-planar portion over a second feature. After a surface of the first copper layer is treated by applying a first pulsed current, a second cathodic current is applied to form a second copper layer on the first copper layer. The second copper layer has a planar portion over both the first and second features.

Abstract: A method of improving the material properties of a composite by electrodepositing various polymers, organic compounds or inorganic compounds onto each individual carbon (graphite) fiber strand, whether individual fiber or as a fabric to form an homogeneous chemically-bonded composite as opposed to the formation of a heterogeneous, non-chemically bonded composite. Thus, electrodeposition forms a unique discrete interface at the molecular layer (nanolayer) between the reinforcement (fiber) and the matrix (resin) over as opposed to any previous resin infusion process.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods of plating a tin alloy in an efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly manner. An electrochemical cell containing an anolyte compartment and a catholyte compartment separated by a selective membrane is employed. The selective membrane prevents ionic metals from migrating from the catholyte compartment to the anolyte compartment. A conduit may be employed in the electrochemical cell to permit one way flow of anolyte to the catholyte compartment thereby replenishing tin to the catholyte compartment.

Abstract: An electrode for use in analytical voltammetry, wherein the electrode has a uniform composition and contains an alloy in a solid state, the alloy containing a pure metal or compound having a low overvoltage for hydrogen and a few percent of at least one second metal or compound, wherein the electrode is a non-toxic electrode with a sufficiently high overvoltage for hydrogen allowing detection of a metal or compound to be detected. Also provided is an apparatus containing the electrode for performing analytical voltammetry involving a redox reaction at an electrode surface, and a method for increasing the utility of voltammetric analyses, by conducting the analyses with an electrode system containing the electrode.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining whether a volume of biological sample is adequate to produce an accurate electrochemical analyte concentration measurement. Certain such methods and systems provide the additional function of compensating for a sample volume determined to be less than adequate in order to proceed with an accurate analyte concentration measurement. The present invention is employed with a biosensor, such as an electrochemical test strip to which the sample volume of biological solution is deposited, and a meter configured to receive such test strip and to measure the concentration of selected analytes within the biological sample.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a finished lubricant by: a) performing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on syngas to provide a product stream; b) isolating from said product stream a substantially paraffinic wax feed having less than about 30 ppm total nitrogen and sulfur, and less than about 1 wt % oxygen; c) dewaxing said feed by hydroisomerization dewaxing using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve comprising a noble metal hydrogenation component, wherein the hydroisomerization temperature is between about 600° F. (315° C.) and about 750° F. (399° C.), to produce an isomerized oil; and d) hydrofinishing said isomerized oil, whereby a lubricating base oil is produced having specific desired properties; and e) blending the lubricating base oil with at least one lubricant additive.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a filter media tower assembly is provided comprising a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion is suspended within the second portion. The first portion is a removable media tower or cage for holding filter media, whereas the second portion is a media tower guide support structure that is mounted to a surface of a tank. In a second embodiment, a load cell or a weighing assembly is disposed above the removable media tower. The deployment of this weighing mechanism above the removable media tower provides constant monitoring of biomass build-up on the filter media.

Abstract: A skimmer for a pool includes a skimmer guard that is installed by friction only, and without the use of separate fasteners. In one embodiment, the skimmer guard includes a perforated portion surrounded by a peripheral lip, the lip being shaped for engagement with a flange formed on a frame mounted to a skimmer opening. The skimmer guard is inserted onto the flange, and thus prevents debris from entering the skimmer. In another embodiment, the skimmer guard includes a perforated face plate and a plug, the plug being sized for frictional engagement with a skimmer opening. In all cases, the skimmer guard is inserted without the use of separate fasteners, and without the use of tools. The skimmer guard can be removed and replaced with a non-perforated version, at the end of the swimming season.

Abstract: The application describes apparatus and methods using ultrasound transmitted through a chromatography column bed to determine the status of materials in the bed space, particularly during chromatography runs. Detected conditions include the profile of a band of eluting material—to see whether it is satisfactory—the arrival of a band of material at the column output, the fitness for use of the ed packing, the passage of different mobile phases, e.g. salt fronts, and other conditions. Aspects claimed include control processors and corresponding programmed products.

Abstract: This invention is directed to systems and methods for removing lipids from a fluid or from lipid-containing organisms from a fluid, such as plasma. These systems combine a fluid with at least one extraction solvent, which causes the lipids to separate from the fluid or from the lipid-containing organisms. The separated lipids are removed from the fluid. The at least one extraction solvent is removed from the fluid or at least reduced to a concentration enabling the fluid to be administered to a patient without undesirable consequences. Once the fluid has been processed, the fluid may be administered to a patient who donated the fluid or to a different patient for therapy.

Abstract: An in-vivo plasmapheresis and/or in-vivo ultrafiltration membrane comprises elongated hollow fibers each fiber having an interior lumen extending along the fiber length, the fiber wall having a plurality of zones between the inner and outer wall surfaces, each of the zones having a mass density different than the mass density of an adjacent zone. The fiber wall is characterized by having a lower mass density zone at the inner wall surface and a higher mass density zone at the outer wall surface. The fiber is further characterized by having an average elongation breaking force strength of at least about 0.2 lbs. and an average elongation of at least about 45%.

Abstract: Provided is a wastewater treatment apparatus for removing nitrogen and phosphorus having an anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank, an aerobic tank and a clarifier, wherein the aerobic tank includes has a baffle installed at one side thereof to form a dissolved oxygen reducing zone for reducing the concentration of dissolved oxygen contained in internally recycled wastewater returned from a dissolved oxygen reducing zone while increasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen contained in treated effluent supplied from a part other than the dissolved oxygen reducing zone of the aerobic tank to a clarifier in a subsequent stage. Since organic matter present in wastewater is effectively used, the efficiency of removing nitrogen and phosphorus can be increased and the amounts of oxygen required throughout the treatment process and organic matter required for denitrification can be reduced. Also, synthesis of cells of microorganisms is suppressed. Therefore, the repair and maintenance costs can be reduced.

Abstract: Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof. Packing materials for packing columns used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Abstract: A method for producing a system with a substrate with a surface and a component applied to a predetermined location of the surface of the substrate includes a step of generating a liquid volume containing the component and a step of applying the liquid volume containing the component on the surface of the substrate. At that, the liquid volume is sized so that it wets only a partial area of the surface of the substrate after its application. In the step of applying the liquid volume is placed on the surface of the substrate so that the partial area of the surface includes the predetermined location. The component or the predetermined location of the surface of the substrate is implemented so that after the application of the liquid volume a force acts on the component which is sufficient to drive the component within the liquid volume to the predetermined location. The method is completely independent of the speed of a gripper and its capability to grip and align a very small component.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing quartz oscillators is provided which permits quartz oscillators having an oscillation frequency, as designed, to be obtained with small variation of individual oscillation frequency and with high reliability. The method for manufacturing quartz oscillators according to the present invention comprises the steps of forming a first resist layer (300) on one surface of a quartz substrate (100), exposing said first resist layer to light of a first amount of exposure to form a patterned first masking layer (210), forming a second resist layer (400) on the other surface of said quartz substrate, exposing said second resist layer to light of a second amount of exposure via said quartz substrate to form a patterned second masking layer (410) by using said first masking layer, and etching said quartz substrate to form quartz pieces (150) by using said patterned first masking layer and said patterned second masking layer.

Abstract: An etching process is described. A material layer having a bottom anti-reflection coating (BARC) and a patterned photoresist layer thereon is provided. An etching step is performed to the BARC using the patterned photoresist layer as a mask. A cleaning step is performed to remove the polymer formed on the surface of the patterned photoresist layer. Thereafter, another etching step is performed to the material layer using the patterned photoresist layer as a mask.

Abstract: A ferrite core comprising a sintered oxide containing at least 48.6 to 53.9 mol % of Fe on Fe2O3 basis, 12.3 to 35.2 mol % of Ni on NiO basis and 16.4 to 37.0 mol % of Zn on ZnO basis as metal elements, and contains a crystal phase comprising two or more kinds of solid solutions selected from NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4 and FeFe2O4, wherein full width at half maximum of a diffraction peak, of crystal phase of which diffraction angle 2? is in a range from 34.6 to 36.4° as measured by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu—K? beam, is 0.4° or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery of compositions which include fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride. These compositions are useful as pure components or with at least one of tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon or dimethylether. These compositions are useful as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral nonracemic liquid crystal compounds having achiral tails comprising a perfluoroalkyl terminal portion which are useful as components in liquid crystal to impart high polarization to the mixture. The materials of this invention can be combined with known liquid crystal host materials to impart improved properties. Chiral nonracemic compounds of this invention can function as additives or dopants in host materials to impart chirality into an LC material.

Abstract: The invention provides a curable composition for a heat conductive material, having an excellent durability, a satisfactory heat conductive property and a high productivity with easily controllable surface tackiness, a heat conductive material obtained from such curable composition and a method for controlling the surface tackiness of the composition after curing. The curable composition for the heat conductive material is formed by a curable composition of heat curable type based on crosslinking by a hydrosilylation reaction and including a saturated hydrocarbon polymer containing at least an alkenyl group in a molecule, a curing agent containing at least two hydrosilyl groups in a molecule and a hydrosilylation catalyst, to which a heat conductive filler is incorporated, thereby providing a flexible elastomer with a satisfactory heat conductivity and with an easily controllable surface tackiness.

Abstract: A nanocomposite having enhanced energy conversion between thermal, electron, phonons, and photons energy states. The composition comprises a synergistic blend of nanoscale powders wherein the powders have nanoscale layered surface modifiers and a conductive medium. The powders and conductive medium are optionally altered through non-thermal modifiers and made into energy conversion devices.

Abstract: Ceramic igniter compositions are provided that contain components of conductive material and insulating material, where the insulating material component includes a relatively high concentration of metal oxide. Ceramic igniters of the invention are particularly effective for high voltage use, including throughout the range of from about 187 to 264 volts.

Abstract: A colloidal solution and/or nanocomposite having enhanced energy transfer between thermal, electron, phonons, and photons energy states. The composition comprises a synergistic blend of electrides and alkalides within a medium that effectively alters the mean free path. The composition is optionally further enhanced through externally generated fields and made into energy conversion devices.

Abstract: In a method of controlling the feed amount of compounding materials for a compounder-type injection molding machine with a plasticizing unit, an injection unit, receiving plasticized material from the plasticizing unit, and a metering unit for supply of starting material into the plasticizing unit, the volume of a mass stream downstream of the plasticizing unit is ascertained and the metering unit is operated in response to the ascertained volume.

Abstract: A method of making an integrated inner trim panel for a vehicle door and an inner trim panel made thereby are disclosed. The method includes sequentially spraying a skin layer, a padding layer, and applying a structural layer in an open mold that defines the facing surface of the inner panel of a door. The integrated inner trim panel may be provided with areas of greater and lesser padding. The skin layer may be formed from a reactant mixture of polyurethane. The padding layer may be a foam polyurethane composition. The structural layer may be a glass-reinforced polyurethane reactant mixture. The inner door panel is an integrated layered structure including a skin layer, a padding layer, and a structural layer. The padding layer may be varied in thickness to provide selectively variable padding in predetermined areas.

Abstract: A method for preparing a molded polyurethane foam article using an internal mold release composition is provided. More specifically, a method using an IMR agent and an IMR-enhancer compound to prepare a molded polyurethane foam article is provided. The method comprises (a) forming a polyurethane-forming mixture by mixing (i) a fatty acid condensation product, (ii) an IMR-enhancer compound, (iii) an isocyanate, (iv) a polyol, (v) a catalyst, and (vi) a blowing agent; (b) filling a mold with the polyurethane-forming mixture; (c) forming a molded foam article; and (d) removing the molded foam article from the mold. The IMR-enhancer compound is any liquid petroleum product within the viscosity range of products called oils.

Abstract: An automotive trim product is made as follows. A single or multiple layer sheet is extruded so as to include at least one color pigmented and/or metallized layer therein. Optionally, a clear coat may be laminated to the sheet, or may even be coextruded therewith. In certain embodiments, a roughened surface texture may be embossed into a major surface(s) of the sheet prior to lamination. In other embodiments, a design (e.g., logo) may be silk-screened onto the clear coat layer prior to lamination. The sheet, after optional lamination, is then thermoformed into a three-dimensionally shaped preform or article via vacuum forming or the like.

Abstract: A method of molding a rubber product from a rubber compound by a molding apparatus having a kneading region. A full amount of carbon black (CB) and a full amount of process oil, together with other auxiliary materials except vulcanizing chemicals, are compounded with raw rubber to thereby knead and prepare a granular master batch (granular MB) . The rubber product is extrusion-molded and vulcanized after vulcanizing chemicals (a vulcanizing agent and a vulcanization accelerator) are quantitatively supplied into the kneading region of the molding apparatus through a material supply port while the vulcanizing chemicals are mixed with the granular MB.

Abstract: Composite webs having one or more polymeric structures located on a substrate, closure systems comprising composite webs, and methods of attaching articles are disclosed. The polymeric structures are formed using thermoplastic compositions and are attached to a surface of a substrate. The polymeric structures include an area that is attached to the substrate and a detached area that is not attached to a surface of a substrate.

Abstract: Method for the centralization of drill casings in a tight borehole, both vertical and deviated, comprising the following operations: Application on the casing section in question, of an adherence strip equipped with one or more housings and rapid adjustable lever closure; Insertion of suitable molds in the housings of which the strip is equipped; Injection into the molds of plastic material characterized by a high mechanical resistance, a high degree of surface adhesion and resistance to abrasion by friction, and also in-place elasticity, higher than the elasticity of the casings; Removal of the adherence strip once the hardening of the plastic material in the shape of the mold, has been completed.

Abstract: This application relates to a method for pellerizing and taking intensive measurements of a raw sample. The method includes homogenizing and pelletizing the sample that is to be subjected to compositional or intensive analysis. The raw sample is mixed with several solutions containing epoxies and activators based in carrier solutions or solvents, and ground to a fine powder or gel. The gel is partially dried and conformed to a pellet shape. The pellet is then cured such that the epoxy and activator solutions react and form a binding agent capable of maintaining the structural integrity of the sample pellet during intensive analysis. An intensive analysis instrument, such as LIBS, may then be used to ablate the surface of the pellet. The pellet provides consistent ablation of the sample material for accurate intensive measurements.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a mold and a method of fabricating an article with the mold is disclosed that is capable of fabricating a high three-dimensional surface structure and extending the service life of the mold. A mold having a fine surface shape of a height less than an object height is fabricated, then the fine surface shape of the mold is transferred to an intermediate mold by dry-etching, and then the fine surface shape of the intermediate mold is further transferred to a final article material by dry-etching. In each transfer step by dry-etching, the etching selection ratio is appropriately adjusted to increase the height of the fine surface structure step by step, so that the fine surface shape of the final article material has the object height. On the surface of the final article material, a preliminary pattern of the object surface shape may be formed beforehand to reduce the required thickness of the curable resin.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, devices and device components for fabricating patterns on substrate surfaces, particularly patterns comprising structures having microsized and/or nanosized features of selected lengths in one, two or three dimensions. The present invention provides composite patterning devices comprising a plurality of polymer layers each having selected mechanical properties, such as Young's Modulus and flexural rigidity, selected physical dimensions, such as thickness, surface area and relief pattern dimensions, and selected thermal properties, such as coefficients of thermal expansion, to provide high resolution patterning on a variety of substrate surfaces and surface morphologies.

Abstract: Device in connection with the lithography of structures of nanometer size, which device comprises a first main part (1) with a first principally plane surface (2a) and a second main part (3) with a second principally plane surface (9a), said first surface and second surface being opposite to one another and being arranged in principle parallel in relation to one another, with an adjustable interval between them, and said first and second surface being arranged to form a support for a substrate (5) and a template (10) respectively, or vice-versa. According to the invention, said second main part (3) also comprises a cavity (6) for a medium, and means for adjusting a pressure of said medium, a wall of said cavity consisting of a flexible membrane (9), of which one side, which side faces away from the cavity (6), forms said second surface (9a). The invention also relates to a method that utilizes the device.

Abstract: A porous sintered metal comprising voids at least partially communicating with each other, and pores provided in walls of the voids, the porous sintered metal having a BET surface area of 700 cm2/cm3 or more, and an average diameter of the pores being 1 ?m or more when measured by a mercury press-in method. The porous sintered metal is produced by blending a metal powder, a binder and resin particles to prepare a mixture in which the resin particles are dispersed; molding the mixture to provide a green body; selectively extracting the resin particles from the green body with a solvent; debinding the extracted green body by heating; and sintering the debound green body.

Abstract: A lead-free steel for machine structural use with excellent machinability and low strength anisotropy, which does not contain Pb and is equal to or higher than a conventional Pb-containing free cutting steel in properties, is provided. This steel includes, on the weight basis, C: 0.10 to 0.65%; Si: 0.03 to 1.00%; Mn: 0.30 to 2.50%; S: 0.03 to 0.35%; Cr: 0.1 to 2.0%; Al: less than 0.010%; Ca: 0.0005 to 0.020%; Mg: 0.0003 to 0.020%; O: less than 20 ppm; and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A specimen centrifuge system includes a centrifuge unit including a plurality of specimen centrifuges which are stacked in a plurality of layers in a vertical direction, a rack conveyor which is provided along a horizontal conveyance line, and a rack elevator which is provided along a vertical conveyance line. The rack elevator has a robot arm device which moves the specimen-container rack from the rack conveyor to the rack elevator and from the rack elevator to the rack conveyor and moves the specimen-container rack from the rack elevator to one of the specimen centrifuges and from one of the specimen centrifuges to the rack elevator.

Abstract: A sensor is provided for detecting a target substance in a sample by detecting a product formed in the presence of an enzyme and an enzyme substrate. The sensor comprises two or more working electrodes, a first capturing molecule immobilized on the working electrodes, and a current-detector for detecting a current value flowing through at least one of the working electrodes. The sensor also comprises a target substance detection means having an arithmetic unit for determining an amount of the target substance in the sample on the basis of the current value detected by the current-detector in a specified period of time, and a crosstalk detecting electrode arranged between the working electrodes for detecting a crosstalk between the working electrodes. The specified period of time is a time necessary for the current value through the crosstalk detecting electrode to show a particular change.

Abstract: An aromatic container heater and assembly adapted to enhance the release of desirable scent from an aromatic or fragrant candle by heating the exterior of a candle container and thereby melting the candle to release the desired scent. The heater includes a conductor, held within an insulating cover, which is electrically connected to an AC plug for receiving a current and thereby generating the necessary heat to melt the candle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing BHP contaminants (alkali hydroxide and H2O2) from a recycled aqueous alkali chloride solution stream before the stream is fed to a chloralkali cell so that the contaminants do not impair the operation of a chloralkali cell. Unwanted alkali hydroxide within the recycled alkali chloride brine solution is reacted with chlorine gas and converted into an alkali chloride, which is useful in the operation of the chloralkali cell, and oxygen gas, which is outgassed from the system. Any H2O2 remaining in the recycled stream after elimination of the alkali hydroxide is reacted with chlorine to form HCl and oxygen gas. The HCl raises the pH of the brine solution, after which the pH may be adjusted by the addition of supplemental alkali hydroxide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hydrocarbon conversion apparatus. The apparatus comprises the following: a plurality of riser reactors, each of the riser reactors having a first end into which a catalyst can be fed and a second end through which the catalyst can exit the riser reactor, a separation zone into which the second ends of the riser reactors extend, the separation zone being provided to separate the catalyst from products of a reaction conducted in the hydrocarbon conversion apparatus; and at least one catalyst return in fluid communication with the separation zone and the first ends of the riser reactors, the catalyst return being provided to transfer the catalyst from the separation zone to the first ends of the riser reactors.

Abstract: An apparatus for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a reformate flow includes a reactor defining a flow path for a reformate flow; at least one catalyst bed disposed along the flow path; and a distributor for distributing oxygen from an oxygen source to the at least one catalyst bed, the distributor including a conduit positioned at least one of upstream of and through the at least one catalyst bed, the conduit having a sidewall permeable to flow of oxygen from within the conduit to the at least one catalyst bed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combination instrument steriliser (13, 210) and biomedical waste processor (15, 211). Both units are supplied steam from a common steam boiler (30, 212). In preferred embodiments, the waste processor utilises a shredder comprising a planetary gear box (127) with rotating cutting heads (120, 200).

Abstract: A device and method for cleaning and deodorizing a unit having an enclosed space not otherwise easily accessible for cleaning and deodorizing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a product based on a phosphate of at least one element M(IV), for example of thorium and/or of actinide(IV)(s). This process comprises the following stages: a) mixing a solution of thorium(IV) and/or of at least one actinide(IV) with a phosphoric acid solution in amounts such that the molar ratio PO 4 M ? ? ( IV ) ?is from 1.4 to 2, b) heating the mixture of the solutions in a closed container at a temperature of 50 to 250° C. in order to precipitate a product comprising a phosphate of at least one element M chosen from thorium(IV) and actinide(IV)s having a P/M molar ratio of 1.5, and c) separating the precipitated product from the solution. The precipitate can be converted to phosphate/diphosphate of thorium and of actinide(s). The process also applies to the separation of uranyl ions from other cations.

Abstract: A method for making an organometallic treated molecular sieve is described in which a molecular sieve having at least one hydroxyl group and at least [AlO2] and [PO2] tetrahedral units and having an average pore dimension less than or equal to about 5 ? is contacted with a solution comprising an organometallic compound and a non-proton donating solvent. The resulting organometallic treated molecular sieve has enhanced ethylene and/or propylene selectivity when used in the conversion of organic oxygenates to olefins. The ethylene and/or propylene selectivity, as well as catalyst life, are further enhanced when the resulting organometallic treated molecular sieve is combined with an oxide of at least one metal selected from Groups 2, 3 and Group 4 of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A novel process for continuously mixing and reacting at least two fluids are disclosed. Excellent mixing and superior pressure drop characteristics are achieved using cyclone mixing where at least two supply channels feed a mixing chamber to create a vortex of the fluids to be mixed. The alignment of the supply channels is such that fluids are introduced into the chamber at both tangential and radial directions. In the case of gas/liquid mixing, particularly advantageous is the injection of the liquid stream tangentially and the gas stream radially. Reaction of the fluids can take place within the mixing chamber or in a separate reactor in fluid communication with the mixing chamber outlet. The process is especially useful for reacting potentially explosive mixtures of reactants where a homogeneous reactor feed mixture is critical to maintaining a non-explosive environment.