Abstract: The polishing apparatus is capable of changing a pH value of slurry to adjust polishing rate and polishing a work piece with high flatness. The polishing apparatus comprises: a pressure vessel; a polishing plate provided in the pressure vessel; a pressing plate pressing a work piece onto the polishing plate; a driving unit relatively moving the polishing plate with respect to the pressing plate so as to polish the work piece; a gas supplying source supplying an alkaline gas or an acid gas into the pressure vessel; a gas discharging section discharging the supplied gas from the pressure vessel; and a slurry supplying unit supplying slurry onto the polishing plate. A pH value of the slurry is adjusted by dissolving the alkaline gas or the acid gas in the slurry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dual plate sander comprising a housing, a motor mounted in the housing, first and second transmission devices driven by the motor and eccentric shafts each rotating about a main drive shaft connected to the transmission device. Twin sanding assemblies terminating in sanding plates are mounted on respective eccentric shafts. A guiding element serves to translate the eccentric rotary motion of the eccentric shafts into opposite reciprocating movement of the sanding assemblies. The opposed reciprocating movement serves to balance the inertial forces generated by the sander and reduce oscillations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for post-CMP cleaning of a semiconductor work piece. The method comprises the steps of subjecting the work piece to a first cleaning composition having one of an acidic pH and a basic pH and subjecting the work piece to a second cleaning composition having an acidic pH, if the first cleaning composition has a basic pH and subjecting the work piece to a second cleaning composition having a basic pH, if the first cleaning composition has an acidic pH.

Abstract: A drum grinding wheel includes an elongated drum configured for coaxial engagement with a spindle of a grinding machine. An exterior surface of the drum extends parallel to a central axis, and a plurality of removable cutters are removably fastened to the exterior surface. Each of the cutters has a plurality of ribs disposed in spaced relation thereon, and abrasive grain is disposed on a grinding face of each of the ribs, such as by use of a metallic braze.

Abstract: An abrasive product is formed, in a blank making machine, into a layer forming a blank including at least abrasive grains. The layer is then set atop on at least another blank making machine, an assembly line along which successive posts are provided at the site whereof the elements designed to form the grinder are set on top of one another to form a stack, a station for heating the stack, and at least a pressing machine to compress the heated stack. An embodiment need not include the heating station. The grinder is a thin grinder that can include at least a reinforcing layer pierced with a hole wherein the abrasive product is distributed. The process is useful for making grinders for parting, machining, or pumicing.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and associated devices for casingless production of food products include: (a) moving at least one flexible cover member having a predetermined length with primary surface and opposing lateral edge portions along a predetermined travel path; (b) introducing a flowable food emulsion onto the primary surface of the flexible cover member; (c) wrapping the at least one flexible cover member about the food emulsion during the moving step; (d) advancing the wrapped emulsion into at least one forming tube having sufficient structural rigidity to be substantially non-deformable and having a preformed internal cavity space of predetermined size and shape; and (e) exposing the wrapped emulsion to predetermined processing conditions that convert the flowable emulsion to a non-flowable food product having substantially the molded shape of the forming tube as the wrapped emulsion advances through the at least one forming tube.

Abstract: A food processing system for an elongated strand of food product, such as hot dogs or sausage links, provides aligned orientation of conveyor hooks and identical arrival time spacing between adjacent hooks at a reference loading point at a strand producing machine discharge station.

Abstract: A grinding module for a rotating grinding brush includes an elongate body part, at least one abrasive cloth extending from the body part, and a plurality of bristles projecting from the body part essentially in the same direction as the abrasive cloth, the abrasive cloth being divided into a number of sub-segments that are delimited by slits, the abrasive cloth being configured with different distances between the slits so that sub-segments have at least two different widths. Hereby an abrasive cloth is provided which is configured for cooperating with a grinding module for a rotating grinding brush, whereby, during the mounting procedure, the operator avoids having to ascertain that abrasive cloths with a relevant type of sub-segments are mounted in a correct sequence on the hub.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for separating thigh meat and oyster meat from the thighbone automatically without detecting the boundary of the white cap at an end of the thigh bone and the meat including thigh meat and oyster meat and inserting a cutter into the detected boundary part in the final operation of deboning a thigh-with-bone of an edible beast and bird. The apparatus of the invention for separating thigh meat and oyster meat is composed of a clamper 15, a Y-shaped guide-with-a-groove 20, and a Y-shaped guide-with-a-cutter 16 downstream of the guide 20 provided on the transfer line of the clamper, both guides being provided such that the open end side of Y-shape of each guide is directed toward upstream of transfer of the clamper.

Abstract: An air duct outlet includes a housing having spaced-apart top and bottom walls, and spaced-apart first and second side walls extending between the top and bottom walls to define an air passageway having an inlet and outlet. A first air return passageway is located adjacent to the first side wall, and diverts a portion of an air stream flowing through the air passageway as the air stream adheres to the first side wall. A second air return passageway is located adjacent to the second side wall, and diverts a portion of an air stream flowing through the air passageway as the air stream adheres to the second side wall. The continuous diversion of portions of an air stream flowing through the air passageway by the first and second air return passageways causes an oscillating, sweeping motion of the air stream as it exits from the air passageway outlet.

Abstract: A moveable soffit cover system includes a guide track for connecting to a structure adjacent a soffit panel having a plurality of vents formed therein, and a soffit vent cover slidably connected to the guide track to overlie the soffit panel. The vent cover is moveable between opened and closed positions. The system may include a motor in communication with the soffit vent cover for moving the soffit vent cover between the opened and closed positions, and a primary power source and a controller in communication with the motor, and a wind speed detection device in communication with the controller. The motor may be activated to move the soffit vent cover from the opened position to the closed position upon detection of a predetermined wind speed.

Abstract: The invention concerns the discharge arrangement of an agricultural harvesting machine with a lower ejection tower connected to the frame of the harvesting machine and an ejection elbow that includes the outlet end of the discharge arrangement supported in bearings, free to rotate, relative to the ejection tower by a slewing rim about a substantially vertical axis of rotation. A removable intermediate element is removably inserted between the ejection tower and the ejection elbow, the surface of the intermediate element that is in contact with the ejection tower and the surface in contact with the slewing rim extend at an angle to each other.

Abstract: A game of reasoning having a triangular game board is disclosed. Players are given a pre-defined time limit to respond to questions based on scenarios likely to be encountered by the game's preferred teenage players. Points and penalties correspond to the selected responses. By correctly responding, players advance from a base of the game board to a zenith thereof. Once all players of a participating team reach the zenith, that team is declared the winner. Responses to questions are input by means of a game pad. The game board is formed of independent blocks stacked in a triangular shape divided into two sides. Each block includes at least one viewable face sectioned into equal parts corresponding to the number of team players. The sections include means of unique color illumination such that the progress of each player can be monitored. The game is also playable in a computer environment.

Abstract: A slot machine conducts a wagering game in which a plurality of arrays of symbols are successively displayed. Each array may, for example, result from a free spin of a plurality of symbol-bearing reels. In each free spin, the reels are rotated and stopped to place the symbols on the reels in visual association with a display area. One or more of the symbols of each array are designated as wild. Payouts for the successive arrays are awarded according to a pay table. In one embodiment, the plurality of arrays are successively displayed during a bonus game triggered by a start-bonus outcome in a basic game.

Abstract: Gaming machines are disclosed having a basic mode defining a plurality of reels and a bonus mode defining a plurality of stations about a game board (e.g., MONOPOLY board) traversable by a token identifier. The disclosure describes a plurality of play features for the basic and/or bonus modes including (1) a feature allowing the player to select a game token; (2) a feature allowing the player to predict and wager on landing position(s) of the token identifier; (3) a feature allowing the player to obtain deferred-execution instruction(s) which are exercisable by the processor to override later-issued instruction(s) otherwise to be executed by the processor; (4) a feature in which movements of the token identifier are determined according to movement tables corresponding to the various stations of the game board; (5) a feature in which escalating bonuses are awarded for reaching a designated bonus square (e.g., the ‘GO’ square); (6) a feature in which bonuses are awarded for completing groups of stations (e.g.

Abstract: A light source is provided to illuminate a cable connecting a video game controller to a game console. A low power consuming LED in light communication with a side glowing fiber optic cable may be employed and integrated into the communication bundle extending between the controller and console. Alternately LED lights may be disposed at discrete points along the cable. A shield may also be disposed between the light cable and communication bundle to inhibit interference. The entire bundle is preferably wrapped in a clear or translucent material to allow light to emanate from the cable.

Abstract: A skate park system comprises interlocking pieces enabling quick assembly and disassembly. The disassembled pieces can lay flat, enabling storage in minimal space. Ramp, funbox and grindrail portions may be used separately or combined in varying manners to provide a variety of configurations.

Abstract: A practice putting green that is adjustable to provide a playing surface having a variety of contours. The assembly is formed of a plurality of narrow transverse support members that are arranged as segments in side-to-side relationship to define an elongate playing path. Carpet, artificial turf or other flexible material is placed atop the support members to form the playing surface. Inwardly facing wedges are mounted under the ends of the support members and are slid from side-to-side so as to selectively tilt the members and adjust the contour of the playing surface. The wedges on each segment are joined by a transverse rod so that both will move simultaneously in response to pressure on one of the wedges. The support members have a tray-shaped configuration with upwardly extending end walls, so that in combination they define an elongate channel.

Abstract: In a golf ball having a plurality of dimples, a groove having a certain width and depth is formed on a surface of the golf ball, the depth of the groove extending below the surface. A belt having a certain width and height may be formed on a surface of the golf ball, the height of the belt extending above the surface. It is possible to implement an efficient putting practice where a groove or belt is formed on a surface of a golf ball to affect the rolling and movement of the golf ball. The width of the groove or belt may be changed, so that a user selects a certain golf ball based on his practice level. A certain number or symbol may be formed on the groove or belt, so that a user can select a golf ball for practice based on his ability level.

Abstract: An improved golf club fitting system for fitting a set of golf clubs to a player includes the steps of measuring a player's hand grip strength and selecting a representative golf club having a dead weight directly proportional to the player's grip strength. The club length and the swing weight of the representative golf club are then determined by standard testing procedures commonly used in the golf club industry. A balance index (BI) for the representative golf club is then computed by dividing the dead weight (DW) by the swing weight (SW) (DW/SW=BI) and the balance index (BI) is compared to the dead weight to determine generally corresponding values for the remaining other golf clubs in the set such that the system user can match different irons and woods to the representative golf club thereby creating an ideal matched set of golf clubs for the player.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a grip of sports equipment comprising: an elastic sleeve having a first end and a second end, and the external diameter of the first end being larger than the external diameter of the second end; an annular extended skirt member being integrally extended to an edge of the second end of the elastic sleeve; a circular convex section being disposed around the external surface of the annular extended skirt member; and a circular concave section being disposed around the second end of the elastic sleeve; such that the annular extended skirt member is folded in the direction towards the second end and the circular convex section is embedded into the circular concave section when the annular extended skirt member is bound flatly on the second end. The invention improves the effect of binding the annular extended skirt member, so that the annular extended skirt member becomes a main structure for providing the binding force for the elastic sleeve and the wrapped end of a grip tape.

Abstract: A grip includes a transparent polymeric body having an inner surface and an outer surface and a design formed along the inner surface. The grip is formed by forming a transparent polymeric body shaped and dimensioned for attachment to an article and for gripping by an individual and creating a channel or group of channels in a manner forming a design along the inner surface of the polymeric body.

Abstract: A golf club handle grip having a smooth exterior surface such as utilized in a conventional rubber golf club grip, but with such grip being tacky and shock absorbing as compared to a conventional rubber golf club grip.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to golf balls having a resilient inner core and outer core made of a material substantially free of fillers. The invention also encompasses golf balls wherein the inner and outer cores are not made of a thermoplastic material. The invention encompasses golf balls having an inner core, an outer core, an inner cover, and an outer cover wherein the inner core is encased by an outer core wherein the outer core has a volume greater than the inner core, inner cover, or outer cover and the inner core is made of a material substantially free of fillers. The volume relationship of the inner core (V12), outer core (V14), inner cover (V16), and outer cover (V18) is represented by the mathematical relationship: V14>?(V12+V16+V18), wherein V12?V18?V16.

Abstract: A golf ball having a predetermined radius, and a spherical outer surface with a multiplicity of dimples formed therein. A protrusion is formed in each of the dimples which are located in hit portions having a diameter of 5–15 mm, or alternatively, is formed in each of all the dimples. The protrusion has a distal end whose radial distance from the center of the golf ball is equal to the predetermined radius of the golf ball. The protrusion has a partition wall which divides a space in each dimple into a plurality of segmental spaces. The protrusion may have two partition walls which are perpendicular to each other and intersect at right angles for dividing a space in each of the dimples into four segmental spaces.

Abstract: A basketball rim assembly for use with a basketball system is disclosed. Desirably, the basketball rim assembly is movable between a collapsed position and a use or playing position. The basketball rim assembly may include a rim, an upper back plate connected to the rim, a brace connected to the rim, and a lower back plate connected to the brace. The lower back plate is preferably positioned proximate the upper back plate when the basketball rim assembly is in the collapsed position and the lower back plate is spaced apart from the upper back plate when the basketball assembly is in the use position. The basketball rim assembly may also include a connecting member that connects the upper back plate to the rim and a mounting plate that is sized and configured to be connected to the upper back plate and the lower back plate.

Abstract: A first surface is susceptible to inclement weather. The first surface has a pair of poles. A net is coupled between the poles. A cover has a lower face and a pair of sides. The cover has a plurality of wheels rotatably coupled to the cover. A drive assembly has a motor. The motor is adjacent to one of the long sides of the first surface. The motor is mechanically coupled to the cover.

Abstract: The invention concerns a power transmission device between a heat engine (1) and the wheels (2) of a motor vehicle, said device comprising two independent electric machines (3, 4), at least two planetary gear trains (5, 15, 25, 35; 6, 16, 26, 36) connecting the heat engine and the electric machines with one another and to the vehicle wheels, a mechanical switching device (7) shifting the transmission device from one operating mode to another, each transmission mode corresponding to a different range of transmission ratios, the switching device enabling to connect one of the electric machines directly to the vehicle wheels and a control device monitoring the heat engine (1), the two electric machines (3,4) and the mechanical switching device (7), so that the operating points of the heat engine and of the electric machines correspond to the minimum instantaneous consumption and enable to provide the required power to the wheels.

Abstract: Motor vehicle transmission, comprising an input shaft (27) adapted to be drivingly connected to an output shaft of an internal combustion engine, a variator in the form of two electric machines (22, 40) having a first and a second input/output shaft (21, 41), a planetary gear train (1) for splitting power between the input shaft (27) and one of the input/output shafts (21, 41) when transmitting torque to an output gear wheel (35) of the transmission and first clutch means (13) having an engaged position establishing torque transmission between one of the input/output shafts and the output gear wheel via the the planetary gear train and a disengaged position disrupting this torque transmission. A gear train (42, 34, 31) is arranged to enable torque transmission from one of the input/output shafts to the output gear wheel, thereby by-passing the planetary gear train. Second clutch means (39) has an engaged position to establish and a disengaged position to disrupt said last mentioned torque transmission.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sun gear member and sun gear shaft providing improved manufacturing time and material cost savings. This invention further relates to the packaging of a compact electro-mechanical transmission specifically as it pertains to the redesign of the planetary gear arrangement to compensate for the new design of the sun gear member and sun gear shaft. Several design modifications are disclosed in order to reduce the diameter of the planetary gear arrangement and its inclusive members. For example, the ring gear is chamfered to allow for additional clearance so that the planetary gear arrangement and the electronic motor package can be more compact when sun gear has separable sun gear members. In addition to packaging considerations, material costs, fatigue life requirements, and manufacturability of relevant transmission components were governing concerns in the redesign of the sun gear member and sun gear shaft.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus coupled to a drive source has an input shaft, an output shaft, a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission having a pair of input side disks an output side disk, a trunnion, a support shaft and a power roller, and the planetary gear mechanism having a sun gear, a ring gear, a carrier and a planetary gear, wherein a plurality of projections are projected from the one input side disk and provided at positions closer to the outside diameter than to the diameter of a pitch circle of a traction section being close to the outermost diameter of the input side disk, a plurality of engagement sections formed in the carrier, and transmission of power between the carrier and the one input side disk is carried out by coupling the plurality of projections with the plurality of engagement sections.

Abstract: A differential case (2) comprises a hollow shaft (2b) for transmitting the rotation of an output gear of a transmission to a transfer and houses a pair of pinions (4) and a pair of side gears (7R, 7L) which mesh with the pinions (4). The side gears (7R, 7L) comprising sleeves (8) which engage with front wheel axle shafts (101R, 101L). Plugs (12) which seal the sleeves (8) of the side gears (7R, 7L), a first oil seal (13) disposed between the hollow shaft (2b) and the sleeve (8) of one of the side gears (7R), a second oil seal (14) disposed between the hollow shaft (2b) and the differential housing (10), and a third oil seal (15) disposed between the differential housing (10) and the sleeve (8) of the other side gear (7L), stop oil filled in the differential casing (10) and differential housing (2) from flowing out.

Abstract: The present invention relates to automatic transmissions. In particular, the instant invention relates to an automatic transmission with improved resistance to deterioration with an increased effective life. The transmission of the instant invention comprises eight pinion gears assembled into one carrier utilizing a forward and a rear sun gear, a ring gear, a band drum and a one way roller clutch.

Abstract: An actuation enhancement for an automated vehicle inter-axle differential (IAD) locking system. The vehicle having an engine and a tandem drive axle. The IAD actuation enhancement locking system comprises a rotating sliding clutch and a rotating side helical gear, which are capable of an engagement mode and a disengagement mode, a microprocessor, and an electrical connection between the microprocessor and an engine electronic control unit. When the sliding clutch and the helical gear are placed in the engagement mode or are placed in the disengagement mode, the microprocessor momentarily communicates a data link message to the engine electronic control unit to break engine torque, to facilitate engagement or disengagement of the sliding clutch and the helical gear.

Abstract: A vehicle control system which is capable of performing a quick decelerating operation in all vehicle speed regions and setting a direct region where power from an engine is transmitted through a mechanical transmission unit only in a hydro-mechanical transmission. The vehicle control system includes an engine and a hydro-mechanical transmission and is designed to set a tractive force-vehicle speed characteristic corresponding to the direct region where power transmission from the input shaft to the intermediate output shaft of the hydro-mechanical transmission is done by the mechanical transmission unit alone in a specified engine speed region. An engine control system controls the engine and a decelerator outputs a deceleration command according to an operating amount thereof. The engine control system controls the engine to reduce engine output torque corresponding to a specified engine speed region in response to the deceleration command.

Abstract: A controller (5) performs open loop control of the engaging state of a lockup clutch (2) through a switching mechanism (3, 4) when a torque converter (1) transitions from a first state in which the lockup clutch (2) is disengaged to a second state in which the lockup clutch (2) is at least partially engaged. At this time, the controller (5) estimates the engine torque at the time when open loop control ends, estimates a necessary lockup capacity required for the converter (1) at the time when open loop control ends, based on the estimated engine torque, and controls the engaging state of the lockup clutch (2) through the switching mechanism (3, 4) to make the lockup capacity at the time when open loop control ends become the necessary lockup capacity.

Abstract: A rock climbing apparatus including a support stand on which a main body frame is mounted. The main body frame has two lateral columns, several transverse support beams and several longitudinal support columns built between the lateral columns to serve as a support skeleton. A rotary mechanism is arranged in the main body frame, including at least two chains in parallel to the length of the main body frame, multiple transverse slats in parallel to the width of the main body frame and a power supply for driving the chains to circularly revolve. The longitudinal support columns of the main body frame are arranged in a position where the chains are positioned. Each longitudinal support column has a rib rail, whereby the link shafts of the chains are slidably leant on the rib rail. The transverse slats are fixed on the chains and immediately adjacent to each other. The chains are positioned near the middle of the transverse slats. The transverse slats can circularly revolve along the lateral columns.

Abstract: Seating that provides comfort, facilitates healthful upright posture, has capability for exercise, and facilitates a healthful upright position, comprises a seat having left and right portions for supporting a user's left and right thighs, respectively. A seat support supports the seat. The seat support includes a pivot axis about which the seat left and right portions can pivot downwardly and upwardly relative to the seat support. A foot plate assembly comprises right and left foot support members positioned forwardly and below the seat to allow a user to exercise while seated. A connection structure links the foot plates to the seat so that the seat sections and the foot members have corresponding movement.

Abstract: Exercise apparatus for resistance training includes a first disk rotational about an axis, a second disk axially aligned with the first disk and resisting rotation about the axis, and a resiliently deformable coupling coupled between the first and second disks and tensionable in a spiral about the axis upon rotation of the first disk about the axis, such that rotation of the first disk about the axis tensions and stretches the coupling along a spiral and is resisted by the second disk.

Abstract: A method of determining a total amount of stock material passing through a cushioning conversion machine over a period of time during which a plurality of three-dimensional cushioning products are made. The method includes the acts of providing a sheet stock material; converting the sheet stock material into a plurality of the three-dimensional cushioning products with the cushioning conversion machine during the period of time; monitoring the passage of stock material through the cushioning conversion machine during the period of time; storing in a computer memory information regarding the total amount of stock material that passed through the cushioning conversion machine during the period of time; and retrieving the stored information, the retrieved stored information providing an indication of the total amount of stock material that passed through the cushioning conversion machine during the period of time.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first rotary disc, a plurality of folding plates arranged at regular intervals along a peripheral zone of the first rotary disc, a plurality of positive motion cams arranged at regular intervals along the peripheral zone of the first rotary disc so as to be interposed between the first rotary disc and the folding plates, a second rotary disc located on the opposite side of the first rotary disc and a plurality of auxiliary plates arranged at regular intervals along a peripheral zone of the second rotary disc. One of the folding plates and one of the auxiliary plates synchronously move into the inside of a contiguous diaper structure and simultaneously the guide arms move into a clearance between the guide blades so that the opposite side edge zones of the crotch region may be held between the guide arms and the guide blades and thereby the crotch region may be tucked into the contiguous diaper structure.

Abstract: A shape of endoscope detecting apparatus in accordance with the present invention consists mainly of a shape detection unit, a marker, a location information of marker acquisition unit, and a display control unit. The shape detection unit detects the shape of a portion of an insertion unit of an endoscope inserted into a subject, and produces graphic data expressing the shape thereof. The marker is placed near a position on the subject at which the endoscope is inserted. The location information of marker acquisition unit acquires the location information of the marker. The display control unit graphically indicates on a display device the shape of the portion inserted into a body cavity, which is detected by the shape detection unit, using as a reference the location information of the marker acquired by the location information of marker acquisition unit.

Abstract: An image pick-up unit inserted in the body picks up an image of the body, and transmits by radio the image to an extra-corporeal unit which is arranged outside the body. The image pick-up unit includes an image pick-up portion capturing an image, a data transmitting portion for transmitting the image obtained by the image pick-up portion to the extra-corporeal unit at a plurality of transmitting ratios, a characteristic amount detecting portion for detecting a predetermined amount of characteristics based on the image, and a determining portion for determining a valid image based on an output from the characteristic amount detecting portion. The data transmitting portion controls the data transmitting ratio in accordance with the determining result of the determining portion.

Abstract: A pressure relief pad for use against a body member during orthopaedic surgery including a pad of a resilient material having a first outer surface and a second outer surface. The first outer surface has a slot extending longitudinally thereacross. The slot has a width suitable for receiving surgical tubing therein. The second outer surface has a contour suitable for placement against the body member. The surgical tubing will extend through the slot while the pad is interposed between the surgical tubing and the body member. Retractor paddles can be attached to the opposite ends of the surgical tubing for the purposes of retracting the incision during surgery.

Abstract: A wound retractor comprises a retracting member for insertion into a wound opening and a proximal member for location member for location externally of a wound opening. The proximal member is movable relative to the retracing member to shorten the axial extent of the retracting member to laterally retract a wound opening. The retracted wound opening is retracted by a seal which is integral with the retractor.

Abstract: A heart retractor links lifting of the heart and regional immobilization which stops one part of the heart from moving to allow expeditious suturing while permitting other parts of the heart to continue to function whereby coronary surgery can be performed on a beating heart while maintaining cardiac output unabated and uninterrupted. Circumflex coronary artery surgery can be performed using the heart retractor of the present invention. The retractor includes a plurality of flexible arms and a plurality of rigid arms as well as a surgery target immobilizing element. One form of the retractor can be used in minimally invasive surgery, while other forms of the retractor can accommodate variations in heart size and paracardial spacing.

Abstract: An improved surgical retraction apparatus (and corresponding method of operation) includes a plurality of rigid retraction members disposed about a central axis that move radially with respect to the central axis between a closed state and an open state. In the closed state, the retraction members form a central opening that is adapted to closely fit around the tubular section of a surgical port device. In the illustrative embodiments, a planetary gear train, cable assemblies and lever arms may be used to control radial movement of the retraction members with respect to the central axis.

Abstract: A ligament retractor assembly including a first retractor paddle, a second retractor paddle, a first elastic member having one end received in an opening of the first retractor paddle and an opposite end received by an opening of the second retractor paddle, and a second elastic member received in another opening of the first retractor paddle and an opposite end received in another opening of the second retractor paddle. Each of the first and second retractor paddles includes a first retaining section, a second retaining section and a lever section. The first and second retractor paddles are integrally formed of a polymeric material. The openings formed on the retaining sections of the paddles and each have a generally dog leg configuration.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for the calibration of implanted pressure transducers. It is an object of several embodiments of the present invention to provide apparatus and methods for the calibration of one or more implanted pressure transducers implanted in the body of medical patients. Various embodiments of the present invention are particularly advantageous because they offer a calibration system that is less invasive than the systems currently available.

Abstract: Relative Mean Arterial Pressure values are obtained non-invasively using a probe to obtain moisture measurements at a selected site on a subject. A control collects data samples. A converter produces a relative value of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in response to the collected data (DPM) in accordance with a correlation defined by: MAP=(DPM?DPM(0))/K(I).