Abstract: A sound intensity display system for use by performers. The invention is a system which displays indications of sound intensity on a display large enough to be viewed by performers distant from the display. This invention allows indication of a sufficient number of different sound intensity ranges to make the system useful for performers including, but not limited to, musical performers. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the display face is permanently marked with “ppp” and “fff.” In that embodiment, vertical variable display elements styled as line segments can be selectively illuminated by light emitting diodes based on the sound intensity. This embodiment includes a built in microphone and a female jack connection to allow the optional use of an external microphone. That embodiment can be battery powered or powered by an external power supply through a jack-connection, at the option of the user. Other embodiments include ones capable of receiving and displaying inputs from multiple channels.

Abstract: In order to control the sonde of an underground object, such as an underground boring tool, a predetermined sequence of rotation steps is applied to the object and that sequence is detected. The detection of the appropriate sequence causes the sonde to change its function, for example by changing the carrier frequency of the signal transmitted by the sonde on to change the data output sequence or transfer rate, or to change output power. While it is possible to use a single rotation step, the use of more than one step, with each step to be carried out within a predetermined time, reduces the risk of error.

Abstract: A signaling apparatus comprises a magnet and a shield moveable relative to the magnet. The shield is moveable relative to the magnet between a first position in which the magnet is relatively exposed and a second position in which the magnet is relatively shielded. The apparatus can include a synchronization signal source, a downhole sensor signal source, and/or means for modulating the magnetic field in response to the signal from any source. A method of using the signaling apparatus to locate a bottomhole assembly includes moving the shield so as to modulate the magnetic field created by the magnet, sensing the modulation of the magnetic field, and determining the location of the bottomhole assembly using the information collected. The BHA can be located using phase shift or amplitude measurements. Receivers detecting the modulated magnetic field can be at or below the earth's surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for configuring an external device so that may communicate with and an implantable medical device in accordance with a desired telemetry protocols. The external device utilizes a telemetry module can be loaded with a protocol driver necessary for communicating with the implantable medical device. Once the desired protocol driver has been installed in the telemetry module, the telemetry module enables communication with the implantable medical device.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system and method wherein precise geographical location information such as Global Positioning System coordinate data is utilized as a principal criterion for implementing other wireless transmitted instructions and communications advising vehicles, and others, of an approaching emergency vehicle, the proximity of a hazardous condition, or virtually any other situation which is relevant to the intended recipient because of their location. The system and method further can involve intervention and control of a vehicle, such as an aircraft or automobile, which comes into a predetermined location or area, or under other circumstances. The system and method use transmitting units and receiving units, both of which can receive geographical positioning information and which may sound or otherwise output an appropriate advisory, warning or other communication selected based on their positions, heading, and/or speed.

Abstract: Method and system for monitoring and comparing, in real time, performance of an aircraft during an approach to touchdown along a conventional approach path and along a contemplated modified approach path to touchdown. In a first procedure, a flight parameter value at a selected location is compared and displayed, for the planned path and for the modified path. In a second procedure, flight parameter values FP(tn) at a sequence {tn}n of measurement times is compared and displayed, for the planned path and for a contemplated or presently-executed modified path. If the flight parameter for the planned path and for the modified path differ too much from each other, the pilot in command has an option of terminating the approach along the modified path.

Abstract: A Recursive bit-stream converter (Rebic) having digital low pass filter and multi-bit quantizer means in a feedback arrangement and means to serialize digital words obtain a non-integer Rebic factor via at least two quantizers that are successively operative to serialize their digital words to the output of the converter.

Abstract: A digital signal processing system utilizes an internal filter of a delta-sigma modulator in a novel manner to implement both the integration functions of the delta-sigma modulator and a decimation function. Using the internal filter to combine integration and decimation functions can eliminate the need for a separate decimation filter. The combination of integration and decimation functions can also improve signal-to-noise ratio by improving low-pass filtering performance.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter generates and adjusts a digital signal based on a delay caused by an analog signal. The analog signal controls a delay of a first delay chain, and the digital signal controls a delay of a second delay chain. Dependent on a comparison of an output of the first delay chain and an output of the second delay chain, circuitry of the analog-to-digital converter adjusts the digital signal.

Abstract: A novel and useful method and apparatus for suppressing aliasing interferers in decimating and sub-sampling discrete time systems. The present invention is operative to reduce the requirements for or completely eliminate the need for the anti-aliasing filter by dynamically modifying the sub-sampling rate (or decimation ratio). Rather than maintain a constant sampling rate (or decimation ratio), the sampling rate (or decimation ratio) is randomized such that its average remains at the nominal value and the effective jitter is low enough for the low rate (or low decimation ratio) system to tolerate. This smears or spreads interfering signals across the spectrum resulting in a noise floor at a significantly reduced level much lower than that of the original interferer signal. The interfering signals are reduced to background noise wherein the level of the resulting noise floor is not nearly as strong as the original interfering signal.

Abstract: A system and method for quantizing a photonic signal involves passing the photonic signal through a photonic crystal. The photonic crystal has localized defects for splitting the photonic signal into a plurality of quantized photonic components and for directing the quantized photonic components to a set of optical detectors. A digital conversion of the photonic signal can occur by performing a threshold comparison of the quantized components, either in the electrical domain through comparators or in the optical domain through optical limiters.

Abstract: Embodiments of a filter with gain are presented herein.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improved feedback processing in delta-sigma modulators, including single bit and multi-bit delta-sigma modulators, continuous-time and discrete-time delta-sigma modulators, and digital and/or analog feedback loops. One or more processes are performed in a pipeline having a higher throughput rate than a throughput rate of a delta-sigma modulator. Any of a variety of processes and combinations of processes can be performed in the pipeline including, without limitation, quantization, digital signal processing, and/or feedback digital-to-analog conversion.

Abstract: A circuit for selectively converting at least one analog signal into corresponding digital codes. The circuit includes a management block having a plurality of inputs, each adapted for receiving a respective request signal carrying a request to convert the at least one analog signal. The management block is adapted to assign a priority level to the request signals based upon the input where the request signals are received, and is further operative to select one of the request signals based upon the assigned priority level and output a conversion start-up signal corresponding to the selected request signal. The circuit has a conversion block for receiving east one analog signal input and is connected to the management block to receive the conversion start-up signal as input, and start up conversion of the at least one analog signal.

Abstract: A differential analog to digital converter (ADC) comprises first and second resistance ladder legs, first and second amplifiers, and a plurality of comparators. Each resistance ladder leg includes two resistances having first ends that communicate with a middle node and second ends that communicate with a current source. The first amplifier applies a voltage based upon a first phase of an input signal to the middle node of the first resistance ladder leg. The second amplifier applies a voltage based upon a second phase of the input signal to the middle node of the second resistance ladder leg. The plurality of comparators each has first and second inputs, wherein the first input communicates with one of the two resistances of the first resistance ladder leg, and the second input communicates with one of the two resistances of the second resistance ladder leg.

Abstract: A control section with control keys arranged therein is formed, and upper and lower casings for storing a circuit, and holder capable of loading a button battery and sliding within said casing are respectively provided with stopping portion abutting each other when the holder is pulled out, and thereby, it is possible to obtain a remote-control transmitter which is free from dropping or losing of the holder.

Abstract: A method for reducing radar cross section of an object that has conductive portions and that is expected to be scanned by radar, which includes providing the object with a multiple layer radar cross section reducing structure that reduces or entraps or dissipates radar waves therein so that the size or configuration of the object cannot be correctly detected by radar scanning. The invention also relates to the radar cross section reducing structure alone or associated with an object such as a vehicle that transports personnel or equipment. The structure can be provided on an object that previously has no stealth capability or it can be applied to an object that already has stealth capability for increasing its capability to prevent correct detection by radar scanning.

Abstract: A countermeasure system for jamming an attack unit is provided. The attack unit receives an infrared carrier signal for detection of a target under attack and is vulnerable to countermeasures from another infrared carrier signal modulated by a predetermined modulating signal. The countermeasure system includes a radio frequency source for generating a radio frequency carrier signal, a modulator for modulating the radio frequency carrier signal using the predetermined modulating signal, and a antenna for transmitting the modulated radio frequency signal towards the attack unit.

Abstract: A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system having a single phase center antenna is provided, the SAR system including a measurement unit and a tracker unit. The measurement unit is capable of receiving a phase history of a target point scatterer. From the phase history, then, the measurement unit is capable of estimating a ground position, velocity and acceleration of the target to thereby detect the target. The tracker unit, in turn, is capable of updating the ground position, velocity and acceleration of the target to thereby track the target based upon the ground position, velocity and acceleration. In this regard, the tracker unit is capable of updating the ground position, velocity and acceleration using a Kalman filter.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting a target signal of a specific known form in the presence of clutter. The method includes dividing a set of initial training data, derived from returns from a burst of identical pulses, into a set of censored data and a set of uncensored data. A covariance matrix estimate, based on the uncensored data, is used to compute adaptive coherence estimate values, and an average adaptive coherence estimate threshold level is computed for each Doppler band to obtain a corresponding threshold. The censored data and the covariance matrix estimate are used to compute adaptive coherence estimate values for the uncensored data for each Doppler band, and these values are compared with the respective thresholds to determine the presence or absence of the target signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides that a monopulse radar system to correct an amplitude error and a phase error developed between receiving channels and improve the accuracy of a detected angle. A part of a transmit signal is supplied to respective channels on the receiving side through a signal transmission line for calibration. At this time, the gains of a variable phase shifter and a variable gain amplifier are adjusted so that an azimuth angle of a pseudo target, based on a signal for calibration, which is calculated by signal processing means, reaches a predetermined angle. In the monopulse radar system of the present invention, calibration work is simplified and an angular correction can be automated. The present monopulse radar system of the present invention is capable of coping even with variations in characteristic after product shipment due to environmental variations and time variations in parts characteristic.

Abstract: Active millimeter-wave imaging systems can include an antenna apparatus configured to transmit toward and receive from a subject in a subject position, electromagnetic radiation. A controller can include a transceiver configured to operate the antenna apparatus and produce an output representative of the received radiation, and a processor adapted to convert the transceiver output into image data representative of an image of the subject. The antenna apparatus may move in a partial or continuous loop around the subject, toward or away from the subject, or in an opposite direction to an associated antenna apparatus. Antenna units in the antenna apparatus may be oriented at different angular positions along an array. Antenna arrays may also be formed of a plurality of array segments, and a group of arrays may be combined to form an antenna apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing an amplified Radio Frequency pulse includes a controller for monitoring the output amplified pulse and determining therefrom a correction for a deviation in the characteristics. The correction is applied by a phase shifter or amplitude controller for subsequent pulses. The apparatus is particularly applicable to pulses used by RADAR equipment and allows the use of longer duration pulses. This improves the detection range of the equipment.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process for navigating an object according to signals from satellites by propagating the position of the object forward in time using successive changes in the carrier-phase measurements. The process computes at a low rate matrices required for solving for the position of the objects, and repeatedly uses the most recently computed matrices to compute position updates at a high rate until the next low-rate computation is completed.

Abstract: A multi-function device with a positioning function and a real time positioning engine is disclosed. The device contains also a shared processor used by the positioning function and other functions of the device, such as a mobile radio-communication function. The positioning engine performs in real time the most computational intensive calculations of the positioning function, such as downsampling, Doppler mixing and correlation calculations. Since the received signal need not be stored, the memory requirements of the positioning function are significantly reduced if aiding data is available.

Abstract: A method for creating acquisition assistance information (AA data) for acquiring of a global positioning system (GPS) signal in an assisted global positioning system (AGPS) is provided. The method includes receiving repeater information included in a mobile communication network of a terminal whose location is to be measured, in response to a request for the acquisition assistance information for the GPS signal from the terminal, determining a repeater delay caused by a repeater that is present between the terminal and a base station that is synchronized with the terminal using the repeater information, and creating the acquisition assistance information for the GPS signal of the terminal based on the repeater delay. The AA data that is based on the repeater delay enables a terminal to more finely and stably acquire the GPS satellite signal. Also, accurate and stable acquisition of the GPS satellite signal of the terminal enhances the accuracy of calculation of the terminal location in the AGPS.

Abstract: A beamforming method based on broadband antenna is provided, comprising: detecting the frequency of input signals of an antenna; determining the effective antenna aperture between elements of the antenna array according to the detected frequency; computing the weight vector of each element of the antenna array to the signals according to the determined effective antenna aperture and the transmission function of the antenna array; multiplying the input signals with said weight vector of each element of the antenna array to the signals, combining them and outputting the beam signals. By performing weighting operation respectively to the input signals after a series of delaying operation, and then combining them, the single digital signals can be acquired. This effectively reduces the odds produced by the antenna between transmitting signals and receiving signals, and thus dramatically improves the communication quality.

Abstract: A positioning system, apparatus and method include a transmitter (2), a receiver (4) and a plurality of reflectors (6). A signal is transmitted from transmitter to receiver both directly and via the reflectors (6). A location server (8) calculates the unknown position of the transmitter or receiver by identifying signal components (40) with reflectors (6).

Abstract: Multipath signals (rays) emanating from an object of interest are processed to locate the object. Multipath signals may be accepted, screened, and associated with a specific object by an observer. Information (time, amplitude, and angle information) may be recorded for each ray. A set of incoming rays associated with a signal from an object are traced back toward the emanating object generating traceback ray segments. Candidate crossings of ray traceback segments are tested for time and/or amplitude consistency with ray information, and candidate crossings with inconsistent amplitude and/or time information may be eliminated from consideration. If there is only one candidate crossing remaining, it may be used to define the object location. Otherwise, the remaining crossings may be grouped, each grouping with a crossing cardinality, and location. Multiple crossings of multiple rays may be grouped into clusters with a cluster cardinality and diameter.

Abstract: Low-profile, compact embedded antenna designs are provided for use with computing devices, such as laptop computers, which enable ease of integration within computing devices with limited space, while providing suitable antenna characteristics (e.g., impedance matching and radiation efficiency) over a desired bandwidth of operation. Compact antenna designs with reduced antenna size (e.g., antenna height) and increased operational bandwidth (e.g., broadband impedance matching) are achieved using slotted ground plane designs and/or doubling antenna feeding schemes.

Abstract: Provided is a horn antenna for circular polarization using a planar radiator. The horn antenna has a simplified and miniaturized structure by substituting a function of a providing signal power to the horn antenna with a function of a circular polarizer which induces circular polarization by using the planar radiator. The horn antenna includes: a horn for radiating signal power; and a planar radiator for providing the signal power to the horn to thereby induce circular polarization, the radiator including a radiating patch.

Abstract: A circular polarized array antenna includes: groups of at least one set of patches for radiating and/or receiving a circular polarised electromagnetic wave; and a network of feeding lines, each feeding line being coupled to and extending longitudinally or vertically to one of the sets for transferring signal energy to and/or from the set. Each of the feeding lines coupled to the sets is pointing into a direction different from the pointing direction of the other feeding lines in order to achieve a circular orientation of the network of feeding lines.

Abstract: A radio terminal device has an antenna element, a coil, a switch, an RF circuit section and a conductive substrate. The switch is used to switch between a case where current distribution exists only in the antenna element and its vicinities and a case where the current distribution exists not only in the antenna element and its vicinities but also in other places. Additionally, the switch is switched in accordance with the usage pattern in which the user uses the radio terminal device (e.g., telephone call and data communication). This allows the transmission/reception to be performed with the antenna polarization and directivity suitable for the usage pattern. Thus, there can be provided a radio terminal device that exhibits a reception characteristic suitable for a respective situation.

Abstract: A chip antenna has an antenna body and a package. The antenna body has multiple meandered metal lines and is encapsulated with the package. The material of the package is a dielectric composite formed with polymers and ceramic powders, which has a dielectric constant designed for the antenna. The characteristics of the chip antenna are determined by the structures of the antenna body and the dielectric constant of the package. Thus, a requirement for tiny structures in antenna applications can be satisfied.

Abstract: An antenna module has a PCB with a plurality of contacts, a support element, and an antenna module. The support element has a support portion extended downwardly therefrom. The antenna module is connected with the support element. The antenna structure has a metal support element fixed on the PCB with a plurality of contacts. The support element is used to support an antenna module for electrically connecting the antenna module on the PCB with the contacts. When the antenna module connects to the PCB, the antenna contact does not project out the bottom side of the PCB. Therefore, the bottom side of the PCB is level. The antenna structure has a metal support used to shield the noise interference between the antenna module and the PCB.

Abstract: A vehicular screen antenna includes a conductor extending on a dielectric, such as a window. The conductor is configured as a loop having entry and exit segments, the loop being positioned generally centrally on the dielectric. The entry and exit segments extend proximate each other from the loop towards a first edge of the dielectric and are oriented on the dielectric so as to extend generally vertically when the dielectric is fitted to a vehicle.

Abstract: An attachment assembly, useful in quickly attaching an object to a panel, is provided with a base assembly having a shaft member extending therefrom and an expandable member having a plurality of fingers disposed on one side of the panel such that, during installation, the fingers radially outwardly expand to clamp the object to the panel. A process of mounting an object to a panel is also provided. The object is attached to the base of the attachment assembly and the shaft member is positioned in an aperture in a panel. The panel is clamped between the fingers and the base upon installation of the attachment assembly.

Abstract: In a lens antenna apparatus, a guide rail is formed along the outer surface of a hemispherical lens of a hemispherical lens antenna, and a plurality of radiators are positioned and fixed on the guide rail. When the lens antenna apparatus operates, the directivity of radio beams of the radiators is controlled by adjusting an AZ-axis rotating mechanism, an EL-axis rotating mechanism and an xEL-axis rotating mechanism.

Abstract: An antenna beam steering apparatus and method comprising providing an antenna, employing a beam-deflecting lens through which energy passing from and to the antenna is deflected, and rotating the antenna with a single-axis rotator.

Abstract: A dipole antenna includes a substrate, a first radiating member and a second radiating member. The substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The first radiating member and the second radiating member are symmetrically disposed on the first surface and the second surface of the substrate, and electrically connected to a grounding point and a feeding point, respectively. The first radiating member has a first radiating part, a second radiating part and a third radiating part, which are respectively disposed on the first surface and the second surface of the substrate and electrically connected to one another. The second radiating member has a fourth radiating part, a fifth radiating part and a sixth radiating part, which are respectively disposed on the first surface and the second surface of the substrate and are electrically connected to one another.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for mechanical and electrical coupling of an antenna to one or more radio receivers. The apparatus includes a hub that may be attached to an antenna by one or more fasteners. The hub is also fitted with latches that can receive a radio. Finally, the hub includes an aperture for receiving a feed-boom. The feed-boom communicates signals received by the antenna to the radio.

Abstract: The invention refers to an axial antenna structure for use on a borehole wireline or while drilling logging tool. The antenna comprises an insulating medium and an electrical conductor disposed on the insulating medium. The electrical conductor is situated to have a magnetic dipole moment parallel to a longitudinal axis of the borehole logging apparatus. A tri-axial configuration combines the axial coil design and at least one transverse antenna structure substantially co-located with the axial antenna. The transverse antenna structure has a magnetic dipole moment orthogonal to the magnetic dipole moment of the axial antenna.

Abstract: A system and method for facilitating application sharing in a networked environment is provided. Specifically, the system divides a display area on a host computer into a plurality of regions, with each region comprised of a predetermined number of current pixels. The system then evaluates current pixels within a selected region and compares them to corresponding pixels stored in memory. If the system determines that the value of the current pixel differs from the value of the stored corresponding pixel, all pixels within the region are sent to a receiving computer via a network. The receiving computer inserts the received region into a display such that it matches the display on the host computer from which the region originated.

Abstract: An information processing system is disclosed. The information processing system includes a first processor that receives input data and creates a pixel data stream provided over a first channel and a second channel. The first channel provides a signal to affect the output of a pixelated display. The second channel includes location information and symbol information. The information processing system also includes a second processor coupled to the first processor. The second processor receives the location information and the symbol information from the first processor. The second processor receives the input data. The second processor computes a derived version of the inputs based on the location information and the symbol information.

Abstract: A plasma display includes a plasma display having a plurality of X electrodes and Y electrodes arranged alternately, and a plurality of M electrodes respectively formed between the X and Y electrodes, and a plurality of insulated address electrodes crossing the X, Y, and M electrodes. A common coupling line is formed on the plasma display panel and is coupled to a first voltage, the common coupling line coupling the X electrodes in common. A Y electrode driver applies a waveform for driving the Y electrode. An M electrode driver applies a waveform for driving the M electrode. A flexible printed circuit couples the M electrode driver and the M electrodes.

Abstract: A method of driving a PDP apparatus to sufficiently suppress the background light emission and improve the dark room contrast, in which first electrodes and second electrodes are arranged adjacently by turns, a first display line is formed between one side of the second electrode and the first electrode adjacent thereto, a second display line is formed between the other side of the second electrode and the first electrode adjacent thereto, and the interlaced display that displays the first display line and the second display line alternately in different fields is performed, has been disclosed, wherein the reset voltage that directly relates to the intensity of the background light emission is varied according to the number of times of sustain discharges, the display conditions, and so on, in each subfield and the reset discharge is caused to occur with the minimum voltage in each subfield.

Abstract: The invention provides for a method and display apparatus (10) having driving circuitry for driving a display panel (24) having a plurality of addressable discharge cells (26) driven by display pulses (DP), including the steps of applying data pulses (DAP) during the time interval between display pulses (DP) and characterized by the step of priming charges for each of the discharge cells (26) by means of the reset discharges so as to reduce the required data voltage, and in particular such a method wherein one TV-field period (TF) is divided into a plurality of sub-fields (SF) all of which are of substantially equal time durations.

Abstract: A correction voltage retaining capacitor C2, a correction voltage write transistor Tr4, and a switching transistor Tr5 are added to a pixel structure of an SES drive method provided with an organic EL element E1 as a light emitting element, a light emission drive transistor Tr1, a data write transistor Tr2, and an erase transistor Tr3 which can erase electrical charges in a light emission maintaining capacitor C1. With the ON operation of the erase transistor Tr3, the correction voltage write transistor Tr4 is turned on, and the switching transistor Tr5 is turned off. In this state, the threshold voltage (Vth) of the light emission drive transistor Tr1 is written in the correction voltage retaining capacitor C2. When pixels are lit, by a gate-to-source voltage obtained by adding the threshold voltage written in the correction voltage retaining capacitor C2 to a data voltage written in the light emission maintaining capacitor C1, drain current of the light emission drive transistor Tr1 flows.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display device of IPS mode is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer placed between the substrates, gate lines placed above one of the substrates, source lines placed to cross the gate lines with an insulative layer interposed therebetween, a switching element placed near the crossing point of the gate lines and the source lines, and a pixel electrode connected to the source lines through the switching element. A signal voltage required for image display is supplied to the pixel electrode by the source line through the switching element. The method sets an average value of the signal voltage in such a way that an average value of a positive polarity voltage and a negative polarity voltage of the pixel electrode varies with a grayscale to be displayed, and inputs the average value of the signal voltage to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: This specification discloses a novel multi-tone display matrix display device.