Abstract: A liquid crystal display (200) includes a first base plate (202), a second base plate (220), a liquid crystal layer (238) located between the first base plate and the second base plate, and two alignment films (210, 228). The two alignment films are respectively positioned on inner surfaces of the first base plate and the second base plate. Each alignment film is a film of oriented carbon nanotubes (212, 230). An oriented direction of the carbon nanotubes on the first base plate is perpendicular to that of the carbon nanotubes on the second base plate. A manufacturing method for the liquid crystal display is also disclosed.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a plurality of pixel electrodes in a plurality of lower pixel portions, respectively, and each of the pixel electrodes includes a plurality of lower openings spaced apart from each other. The second substrate includes a common electrode including a plurality of upper openings spaced apart from each other in a plurality of upper pixel portions corresponding to the lower pixel portions, respectively. The upper openings are connected to each other between adjacent upper pixel portions in a first direction. The liquid crystal layer is interposed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: For one embodiment, a reflection is reduced to substantially zero regardless of a wavelength of incident light that produced the reflection.

Abstract: To provide means for resolving a problem in which in steps of connecting a panel array substrate and a stick substrate, connection failure is enhanced and reliability is deteriorated by a positional shift caused in connecting operation and a positional shift caused by shrinkage of the substrate, a shape of a total of a stick substrate 103 is constituted by a rectangular shape (Lx1×Ly1) and contiguous electrode pads are arranged to shift by Ts in Y-direction by which lead wirings of the panel array substrate and lead wirings of the stick substrate can be connected with high accuracy and an electrooptical device having high yield and excellent display characteristic is provided.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, systems and devices for high aperture ratio, high transmittance, and wide viewing angle liquid crystal display having first and second substrates each with an alignment layer and polarizer on the interior and exterior surface thereof and a liquid crystal material therebetween forming plural pixels each having a common electrode group and a pixel electrode group each having at least one common and pixel electrode. A fringe field drives the molecules in the regions above and below the electrodes and a horizontal field drives the molecules between the electrode groups to achieve high transmittance. In an embodiment an insulating layer separates the substrate and alignment layer and the pixel electrodes are on the substrate and the common electrodes are on the insulating layer. In another embodiment a compensation film is layered between one of the substrates and corresponding polarizer.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display (LCD) panel includes a substrate (21). The substrate includes a driving integrated circuit (IC) area (22) configured to be connected to either a first driving IC having a first size or a second driving IC having a second size. The driving IC area (22) includes a plurality of connecting wires (28), a plurality of first input metal pads (24), a plurality of second input metal pads (27), and a plurality of output metal pads (23). The first input metal pads and the output metal pads are configured for electrical connection with the first driving IC. The second input metal pads and the output metal pads are configured for electrical connection with the second driving IC. The first input metal pads are connected to the second input metal pads via the connecting wires, respectively.

Abstract: A portable display panel includes a liquid crystal display panel for displaying images, a backlight assembly including a light source for supplying light to the liquid crystal display panel, a bottom chassis for receiving the backlight assembly, a first printed circuit board for controlling the liquid crystal display panel and the light source, a second printed circuit board connected to the first printed circuit board and an external drive circuit, and a protrusion extending from the first printed circuit board. The protrusion has copper film exposed on its end. The copper film of the protrusion is electrically connected to the bottom chassis.

Abstract: An LCD device comprises a TFT array substrate, a color filter substrate and a LC layer sandwiched therebetween. On the TFT array and color filter substrates, a plurality of first and second protrusions and spacers are provided, respectively. When the TFT array and color filter substrates are assembled together, each of the plurality of first and second protrusions and a corresponding one of the plurality of first and second spacers are aligned to each other and have a gap provided therebetween, in which the LC layer is positioned where LC material is filled. The plurality of first protrusions and a corresponding one of the plurality of first spacers are brought into contact with each other and the plurality of second protrusions and a corresponding one of the plurality of second spacers are also brought into contact with each other while a space margin is provided therebetween.

Abstract: A color filer substrate composing a liquid crystal display by sandwiching a liquid crystal with an opposite substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes includes a first partition wall surrounding a plurality of color element areas on the color filter substrate, a second partition wall partitioning each of the plurality of color element areas into a plurality of areas, and plural types of color elements formed in the plurality of color element areas, wherein the second partition wall is formed so as to protrude further than the color element and the protruding portion also serves as a protrusion for controlling the orientation of a molecule of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A color filter substrate for a liquid crystal display device includes a substrate having a plurality of pixel regions, a black matrix array having a lattice configuration on the substrate, the black matrix array corresponding to boundary regions between adjacent ones of the pixel regions, a plurality of color filter layers, each corresponding to one of the pixel regions, and a column spacer array having a lattice configuration, the column spacer array corresponding to the black matrix array.

Abstract: A dispenser system for a liquid crystal display panel includes a table to overturn a substrate having at least one image display part on a first surface of the overturned substrate, and at least one syringe system to supply sealant onto a first surface of the overturned substrate to form a seal pattern along outer edges of the image display part on the first surface of the overturned substrate, wherein the at least one syringe system moves along horizontal directions.

Abstract: An optical insert and kit for mounting the optical insert into a pair of protective eyewear and converting the optical insert into stand-alone pair of eyewear is disclosed. The optical insert has a frame with a left lens opening and a right lens opening. The left lens opening and the right lens opening are configured and arranged to receive a left lens and a right lens therein, respectively. A nose bridge support connects the left lens opening and the right lens opening of the frame together. The nose bridge support has a surface defining a central, vertically orientated, mounting slot therethrough. The central mounting slot is configured and arranged to cooperate with a prong of a mount to releasably couple the optical insert to the protective eyewear.

Abstract: A combination of a sun visor, magnetic material attached to the sun visor, a frame for glasses, and magnetic material attached to the frame, wherein the sun visor is magnetically held in a fixed position to the frame for glasses, and the sun visor is detachable from the frame for glasses by breaking the magnetic bond between magnetic material on the sun visor and magnetic material on the frame for glasses.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing a photochromic latex, photochromic thin films obtained therefrom, and articles coated with such thin films, in particular photochromic ophthalmic lenses.

Abstract: A ring device is adapted for wearing on at least one finger of a user. The ring device includes a wearable main body portion and an optical member that is moveably affixed thereto. The optical member can be positioned in at least two positions: a viewing position, and a storage position. The optical member may be moved relative to the main body portion through a number of positioning mechanisms including: a hinged member, a sliding member, and a rotating member. The viewing position may include any number positions for viewing an object in a field of view. The storage position corresponds to an alignment of the optical member with the main body such that the device is aesthetically pleasing. A face of the main body may include an insignia or other decorative design that is viewable through the optical member, and may optionally be removable by the user.

Abstract: This invention relates to a structure improvement for a polarized optical lens, it comprising of an optical lens of certain curvature and a polarized piece, wherein the polarized piece is made up of cellulose protective film, adhesive and polarized thin film, it is pressed to matched curvature as injected and plasticized optical lens, then the cellulose protective film of the polarized piece is peeled off, through the use of injection and plasticization principle, polarized thin film is combined and pasted to the inner surface or outer surface of the optical lens, then this synthesized lens is placed in the ring of an optical mold, light adjustment and color change liquid colophony is then injected into through a through-hole in the ring, and through the clamping of synthesized lens and light adjustment and color change liquid colophony, the whole set then solidifies and forms a shape so that the diversified functions and light adjustment and color change function of the product is achieved, meanwhile, the op

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of verifying at least one centering characteristic of an ophthalmic lens provided with markings and mounted on a frame, the method comprising the following steps: a) positioning the ophthalmic lens on a support placed facing a pattern filter; b) using a diffuse light source to illuminate the ophthalmic lens through said pattern filter; c) using a digital camera to pick up the light transmitted by the ophthalmic lens; d) processing the signal output by the digital camera to determine the positions of the markings of the ophthalmic lens in a stationary frame of reference; e) determining the position of the support in the stationary frame of reference; and f) deducing the value of said centering characteristic from the known position of the support and from the positions of the permanent markings of the ophthalmic lens.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention determines the photography light amount suitable for picking up still images of a fundus and the amplification factor of an image pickup device by obtaining the change in brightness in the fundus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling optical aberrations to alter relative curvature of field by providing ocular apparatuses, systems and methods comprising a predetermined corrective factor to produce at least one substantially corrective stimulus for repositioning peripheral, off-axis, focal points relative to the central, on-axis or axial focal point while maintaining the positioning of the central, on-axis or axial focal point on the retina. The invention will be used to provide continuous, useful clear visual images while simultaneously retarding or abating the progression of myopia or hypermetropia.

Abstract: An method and system for determining the appropriate refractive prescription in a clinical optometry or ophthalmology setting. Data in the form of aberrometric input, patient history and other information, and/or other environmental data is used to optimize a real-world prescription for an individual's optic needs through the use of a equivalent quadratic fitting calculation or a simulated through focus experiment.

Abstract: A communication device to be mounted on one automotive vehicle, comprising: a camera (11) for inputting images, a microphone (12) for inputting voices, a travel control section (17) for processing travel information, a communication section (16) for transmitting the images inputted by the camera (11), the voices inputted by the microphone (12), and travel information processed by the travel control section (17) to other automotive vehicles, and receiving information from said other automotive vehicles, and a liquid crystal display (13) and a loudspeaker (14) for outputting the information received by the communication section (16). The communication device outputs images/voices received from said other automotive vehicles to the liquid crystal display (13), and controls travel of said one automotive vehicle based on travel information received from travel control sections (17) on said other automotive vehicles.

Abstract: A radiator grille for a vehicle equipped with an in-vehicle camera that captures images outside the vehicle. The radiator grille includes a base material made of a transparent resin. A thick portion is formed integrally with the base material. The thick portion is arranged outward from the in-vehicle camera and functions as a lens of the in-vehicle camera.

Abstract: A front projection display system (100) selectively operates in either a “normal” television-replacement mode, which projects a smaller-sized image, or in a large-format “cinema” projection mode with a larger-sized image. A display size selection can be made automatically according to factors such as ambient light level, and/or manually under user control. In response to the display size selection, a controller (140) retrieves appropriate data from memory (145), and controls a projection lens system (130) to display an image on an image projection surface (150) in either a first, larger-sized, format or in a second, smaller-sized format.

Abstract: A structure for cooling a lamp used for a projection type display apparatus is provided. The structure comprises a lamp house for housing a lamp that is operable as a light source, said lamp house being configured to be installed in a housing of said projection display apparatus; and a fan for supplying cooling air into said lamp house. The lamp house comprises a removable lamp house cover, and an exhaust duct for said cooling air is integrated with said lamp house cover.

Abstract: A structure for protecting a rod integrator that is used for a projection display apparatus is provided. The structure has: a protecting tube for the rod integrator, the protecting tube accommodating the rod integrator therein, wherein the protecting tube has openings which are defined at positions that face a light incident surface and a light exiting surface of the rod integrator, respectively; and a light shield plate that is provided between the opening and a light source for emitting light to the rod integrator, the opening facing the light incident surface of the rod integrator, wherein the light shield plate has an opening for allowing light to pass therethrough so that the light is incident on the rod integrator.

Abstract: A projector of the invention is a projector including a light source unit 63, a light source side optical system 61, a display device 51 for producing a projected image to be projected, a projection side optical system 62 for projecting the projected image produced by the display device 51, a blower 110 acting as a cooling fan for cooling the light source unit 63, an exhaust air temperature reducing unit 114 for reducing the temperature of highly heated air which results from the cooling of the light source unit 63 by the cooling fan, and exhaust vents for expelling exhaust air from the exhaust air temperature reducing unit 114 to the outside, where in the exhaust air temperature reducing unit 114 is made up of a heat pipe 115 and fins 116.

Abstract: The invention provides an illumination system that can include a first reflecting mirror arranged on a rear side of a light-emitting portion of the illumination system including an arc tube, and a second reflecting mirror arranged on the front side of the light-emitting portion of an optical system.

Abstract: A control system for a projection display includes means for compensating for spatial variations or artifacts in light scattered by a projection screen. According to embodiments, a sensor produces a signal corresponding to the amount of light scattered to a viewer on a region-by-region or pixel-by-pixel basis. A screen map is created from the sensor signal. Input display data is convolved with the screen map to produce a compensated display signal. The compensated display signal drives a projection display engine. The projected light driven by the compensated display signal convolves with the display screen to produce a viewable image having reduced artifacts. According to one embodiment, a relatively fixed screen map is produced during a calibration routine. According to another embodiment the screen map is updated dynamically during a display session.

Abstract: A transmissive LCD is placed in optical series with pixels of an image. The transmissive LCD is set to full transmissivity when bright pixels of the image pass through the transmissive LCD. Transmissivity is decreased where pixels darker than a darkening threshold pass through the transmissive LCD. A darkening curve representative of an amount of darkening performed by the transmissive LCD provides an amount of darkening to be performed on each pixel. Preferably, the darkening curve gradually darkens pixels more as the pixels themselves are darker. The darkening curve may be implemented as a formula or a look-up table in software or drive electronics that energize the transmissive LCD. Both the darkening threshold and the darkening curve may be user selectable.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional image recording medium in which three-dimensional information of a recorded material is recorded precisely and observed more naturally. The linear images of plural parallel-projection images from different directions A to E divided into rectangles are recorded sequentially to divisional recording units of the linear image recording units M1 to M8 and in addition, the linear images of divided parallel-projection images from the same direction are recorded sequentially to each divisional recording unit arranged in the same position relative to a lens width direction of each lenticular lens unit L1 to L8 corresponding to each linear image recording unit M1 to M8 to thereby reproduce a three-dimensional image by combining the linear images of plural parallel-projection images.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation system for generating a beam of radiation. The radiation system includes an extreme ultraviolet source for generating extreme ultraviolet radiation, a contamination barrier for trapping contamination from the radiation source, and a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the contamination barrier.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus that exposes a pattern of an original onto a substrate, including an illumination optical system configured to illuminate an illumination light that illuminates the original; a projection optical system configured to project the pattern illuminated by the illumination light onto the substrate; and a vacuum chamber configured to house at least either one of the illumination optical system and the projection optical system; wherein in order to suppress temperature changes of at least either one of the illumination optical system and the projection optical system, the exposure apparatus is provided with a heat absorber configured to absorb heat that is generated within the vacuum chamber and heat entering the vacuum chamber from outside.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation system for generating a beam of radiation. The radiation system includes an extreme ultraviolet source constructed and arranged to generate extreme ultraviolet radiation, a contamination barrier constructed and arranged to trap contamination from the radiation source, and a temperature sensor constructed and arranged to sense a temperature of the contamination barrier.

Abstract: A load-lock apparatus comprises a housing including a movable member and configured to define a volume of a load-lock chamber, and a driving mechanism configured to drive the movable member. The driving mechanism is configured to drive the movable member, after loading an object into the load-lock chamber and before unloading the object from the load-lock chamber, to change the volume of the load-lock chamber.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus illuminates a pattern with an energy beam and transfers the pattern onto a substrate via a projection optical system. The exposure apparatus includes a substrate stage on which the substrate is mounted and that moves within a two-dimensional plane holding the substrate. In addition, a supply mechanism supplies liquid to locally fill a space between the projection optical system and the substrate on the substrate stage with the liquid, and a recovery mechanism recovers the liquid. A plate is provided in at least a part of the periphery of a mounted area of the substrate on the substrate stage. The plate has a surface arranged at substantially the same height as a surface of the substrate mounted on the substrate stage.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus illuminates a pattern with an energy beam and transfers the pattern onto a substrate via a projection optical system. The exposure apparatus includes a substrate stage on which the substrate is mounted that moves within a two-dimensional plane holding the substrate. The apparatus also includes a supply mechanism that supplies liquid to a predetermined spatial area which includes a space between the projection optical system and the substrate on the substrate stage, and an adjustment unit that adjusts exposure conditions based on temperature information on the liquid between the projection optical system and the substrate.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes a device having a blade selectively insertable into the beam. The device is in a first plane intermediate a second plane conjugate to a plane of the substrate and a third plane conjugate to a pupil plane of the projection system. The blade may include a partially opaque blade and a solid blade or have a predetermined transmissibility pattern. The transmissibility may vary in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the substrate and the patterning device are movable. In an illumination system including a field faceted mirror and a pupil faceted mirror, a reflecting blade is selectively insertable into the beam to reflect a portion of the beam to a beam dump that may be cooled to reduce a heat load. The reflecting element may have a coating that scatters the portion of radiation or changes the phase.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus (EX) is an apparatus which exposes a substrate (P) by irradiating exposure light (EL) onto the substrate (P) via a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (1). The exposure apparatus (EX) has a substrate table (PT) for holding the substrate (P), and a plate member (30) having a liquid repellent flat surface (30A) is replaceably provided to the substrate table (PT) to prevent the liquid from remaining, maintaining excellent exposure accuracy.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for isolating or separating a reticle stage arrangement from a lens assembly are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus includes a reticle stage assembly, a lens assembly, and an isolator assembly. The isolator assembly is arranged to substantially prevent vibrations from being transmitted from the reticle stage assembly to the lens assembly. In one embodiment, the apparatus also includes a frame structure that supports the lens assembly and the reticle stage assembly.

Abstract: A transmission image sensor is provided that is optimized for detection of an alignment marker that includes gratings, which are used to detect the position of a part of an overlay marker, e.g. of box-in-box type. Both the alignment markers and the overlay markers may be used to derive a measurement of magnification of a projection system. Magnification values obtained from the overlay marker components using the transmission image sensors link the values conventionally obtained using the transmission image sensor to detect alignment markers and an off-line tool to detect overlay markers.

Abstract: A pattern formation method includes the steps of forming a resist film on a substrate, performing pattern exposure by selectively irradiating the resist film with exposing light with a liquid provided on the resist film, and forming a resist pattern by developing the resist film after the pattern exposure. An electric field or a magnetic is applied to the liquid in the step of performing pattern exposure.

Abstract: Disclosed is an environment detection system having two emitters of electromagnetic waves and two correspondingly directed receivers for receiving reflections of the emitted waves. The first emitter and first receiver are directed towards a first target area while the second emitter and second receiver are directed towards a second target area. In order to cover a third target area an optical element is arranged in front of the first emitter to direct at least occasionally a proportion of the waves emitted by the emitter towards the third target area. A second optical element is arranged in front of the second receiver to direct reflections of the waves emitted by the first emitter towards the third target area towards the second receiver. The optical elements may be arranged permanently and only one emitter is active a time so that one receiver covers the third target area without being disturbed.

Abstract: An illumination system for a particle image velocimetry system has an illumination source, a hollow tapered optical funnel arranged to receive illumination light from the illumination source, a hollow optical waveguide optically coupled to an output end of the hollow tapered optical funnel, and a beam shaping optical system optically coupled to an output end of the hollow optical waveguide. The illumination system is constructed to provide a light sheet to illuminate particles within a fluid under observation. A particle image velocimetry system has such an illumination system.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for monitoring a fiber optic network between a managed location and a remote location. In a particular embodiment of the method the monitoring wavelength signal is separated from the communication wavelength signal at the remote location and coupled on to the optical fiber carrying a communication wavelength signal from the remote location. In a particular embodiment of the system, the system includes a first optical filter for coupling a selected monitoring wavelength signal on to an optical fiber carrying a communication wavelength signal between the managed location and the remote location and a second optical filter at the managed location for recovering a permanently separated monitoring wavelength signal sent to the managed location from the remote location.

Abstract: This lens evaluation device comprises a plurality of point light sources arranged on the plane, an imaging unit for picking up an object and obtaining its image, a movement unit for changing the relative distance between the point light source or the imaging unit and the optical system to be evaluated, a storage medium for recording stack images obtained by the imaging unit picking up the images of the plurality of point light sources via the optical system every time the movement unit changes the relative distance, an image position calculation unit for calculating a plurality of image positions from the plurality of pieces of point light source image in the stack image recorded on the storage medium and an aberration acquisition unit for fitting an aberration model function to the plurality of image positions calculated and obtaining an aberration measurement value.

Abstract: An optical apparatus including an image forming optical system having a movable optical element, and a driving mechanism which moves the optical element is disclosed.

Abstract: A compound-eye imaging device comprising: an optical lens array with multiple integrated optical lenses having mutually parallel optical axes; a photodetector array placed at a predetermined distance from the optical lens array for imaging multiple images (referred to as single-eye images) formed by the optical lenses; and a microprocessor for reading the single-eye images imaged by the photodetector array. The image reading mode of the microprocessor is switchable between an all-read mode in which all the single-eye images on the photodetector array are sequentially read, and a partial-read mode in which a part of the single-eye images thereon are selectively read. The image reading speed of the microprocessor is changeable. The compound-eye imaging device enables a high frame rate and a high resolution imaging while reducing an increase in a clock frequency for the frame rate and thus reducing an increase in power consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a defect detection apparatus comprising a first light source that emits light in a direction parallel to an apex of prismatic structures disposed on a mold; wherein an angle between a central axis of a beam of light emitted by the first light source and a vertical taken at the first light source is about 20 to about 90 degrees; a second light source that emits light in a direction perpendicular to the apex of the prismatic structures disposed on the mold; wherein an angle between a central axis of a beam of light emitted by the second light source and a vertical taken at the second light source is less than 45 degrees; a sample holder for holding the mold; a camera placed directly above the sample holder; and translational stages for supporting the camera and the sample holder.

Abstract: The broadband brightfield/darkfield wafer inspection system provided receives broadband brightfield illumination information via a defect detector, which signals for initiation of darkfield illumination. The defect detector forms a two dimensional histogram of the defect data and a dual mode defect decision algorithm and post processor assess defects. Darkfield radiation is provided by two adjustable height laser beams which illuminate the surface of the wafer from approximately 6 to 39 degrees. Each laser is oriented at an azimuth angle 45 degrees from the orientation of the manhattan geometry on the wafer, and 90 degrees in azimuth from one another. Vertical angular adjustability is provided by modifying cylindrical lens position to compensate for angular mirror change by translating an adjustable mirror, positioning the illumination spot into the sensor field of view, rotating and subsequently moving the cylindrical lens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for inspecting quality criteria of flat textile structures embodied in a multi-layer form according to a contour, in particular woven, stitched, knitted, sewn or non-woven finished structures, preferably provided with cut areas or holes, separated or forming a material web, in particular when said structures are used for producing airbags. The inventive method is carried out using image-forming inspection means, in particular optical inspection means, preferably a linear array camera or CCD array camera, whereby a relative motion is produced between the structures to be inspected and the camera, and the structure is arranged at least by area at a defined distance from the image-forming inspection means, preferably on the substantially flat surface of a control table or inspection line. The texture of the structure is analyzed according to a segmentation method. Characteristics such as center of gravity, area, main axes, etc.