Abstract: The invention relates to an at least two-layer polyester film with a total thickness of from about 5 to about 200 ?m which comprises polyethylene terephthalate and from about 2 to about 20% by weight—based on the weight of the entire film—of polyethylene naphthalate, and also at least one functional outer layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrolysis-stable polyester film comprising a polyester, whose thickness is preferably in the range from 0.4 to 500 ?m. The film comprises polyester and at least one hydrolysis stabilizer and is distinguished by its low hydrolysis rate. The invention furthermore relates to a process for the production of the film and its use.

Abstract: Laminated board for exterior cladding formed from a core (13) of kraft paper impregnated with phenolic resin, at least one layer of natural wood (14) and at least one surface covering layer (15) including a coating film (17) and a substrate film (16). The coating film (17) is a single-layer film based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a two-layer film with its lower layer based on polymethyl methacrylate and its upper layer based on polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF), or a PMMA/PVDF single-layer film. The substrate film (16) consists of a paper impregnated with a compound formed from 80-95% by weight of a phenolic resin and 5-20% by weight of a polymer promoting adhesion of the coating film (17), such as an acrylic, melamine or urea polymer or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A multilayer sliding bearing includes a rigid metal backing having a metal bearing liner attached thereto. The metal bearing liner includes a metal bearing liner layer which is attached to the bearing surface of the metal backing layer and at least one metal overplate layer deposited over an outer surface of the metal bearing liner layer. The metal bearing liner layer has a layer of hard particles embedded in an outer surface thereof which is adjacent to the inner surface of the at least one metal overplate layer. The bearing may also include a barrier layer interposed between the metal bearing liner layer and the metal over plate layer to inhibit diffusion therebetween and/or promote adhesion of the metal over plate layer to the metal bearing liner layer. The invention may also include a thin metal protective coating layer over the outer surface of the bearing liner and backing layer.

Abstract: A novel coating composition is provided for imparting corrosion and wear resistance to metal substrates. The novel coating composition is thermally applied and comprises an aluminum alloy mixed with a hard, inert matrix. The coating composition has found particular use in providing corrosion and wear resistance to metal seat rails used to secure aircrafts seats to the aircraft frame.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chromium and active elements modified platinum aluminide coating that may be used on a surface of a gas turbine engine component such as a turbine blade. The coating may be used as a protective coating that impedes the progress of corrosion, oxidation, and sulfidation in superalloy materials that comprise the substrate of the turbine blade. Additionally, the coating may be used as a bond coat onto which a thermal barrier coating is deposited. The presence of active elements as well as chromium and platinum provides improved corrosion, oxidation, and sulfidation resistance. The coating is applied using an electron beam physical vapor deposition. The coating is applied alternatively using selected sequential diffusion processing steps involving chromium, platinum and aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oligofluorenylene compound represented by the general formula below, which enables production of an organic light-emitting device that exhibits an extremely pure luminescent hue and has a light emission of high efficiency, high brightness, and long lifetime.

Abstract: The main object of the present invention is to provide a gas barrier substrate having a high gas barrier property without a ruggedness, a pin hole or the like in the gas barrier layer. The present invention solves the problem by providing a gas barrier substrate having a base material, a planarization layer formed on the base material, and a gas barrier layer comprising a deposition film formed on the planarization layer.

Abstract: To provide an organic EL device and a method of manufacturing the same, having light-emitting characteristics enhanced by capturing selectively mobile metal ions, the organic EL device includes between a first electrode and a second electrode, a functional layer having at least a light-emitting layer. A metal ion trapping layer is placed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The metal ion trapping layer is formed of a metal ion trapping material with a ring part including a plurality of Lewis basic elements bonded to at least two carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention is a turbine engine component comprising a superalloy substrate, a bond coat overlying the substrate having a thickness in the range of about 0.0005 inch to about 0.005 inch, a thin alumina scale overlying the bond coat, and a thermal barrier coating (TBC) overlying the thin alumina scale, the TBC having a thickness in the range of about 0.0025 inch to about 0.010 inch, and comprising at least mischmetal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetic detecting element capable of increasing a difference between the ease of a conduction electron flow in a low-resistance state and the ease of a conduction electron flow in a high-resistance state to increase a resistance change ?R. In the magnetic detecting element, a free magnetic layer or a pinned magnetic layer has a synthetic ferromagnetic structure including a first free magnetic sub-layer or a first pinned magnetic sub-layer containing a magnetic material having a positive ? value, and a second magnetic sub-layer or a second pinned magnetic sub-layer containing a magnetic material having a negative ? value. The ? value is characteristics of a magnetic material satisfying the relationship ??/??=(1+?)/(1??)(?1???1)(wherein ?? represents resistivity for minority conduction electrons, and ?? represents resistivity for majority conduction electrons).

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium including a magnetic recording layer and a substrate that supports the magnetic recording layer is provided. At least two underlayers including a nonmetallic underlayer are placed between the magnetic recording layer and the substrate. The perpendicular magnetic recording medium uses a double-layered or tri-layered underlayer. Accordingly, a perpendicular magnetic recording layer can have a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropic energy constant Ku due to a third underlayer and have small crystal grains and a small exchange coupling due to a second underlayer below the third underlayer. Thus, the perpendicular magnetic recording layer can have a good thermal stability, high-density recording characteristics, and excellent SNR characteristics.

Abstract: A magnetic encoder, which comprises a stainless steel sheet; and an under coat adhesive containing epoxy resin and organopolysiloxane, a top coat adhesive containing phenol resin, or phenol resin and epoxy resin, and a rubber magnet, as successively laid one upon another on the stainless steel sheet, has distinguished water resistance and saline water resistance, and thus can be effectively used particularly as a magnetic encoder in wheel speed sensors.

Abstract: The magnetic recording medium provided is produced by forming a substrate having a nanoparticle layer comprising an array of nanoparticles, and an organic compound between said array of nanoparticles; irradiating the nanoparticle layer with an infrared beam to magnetize the nanoparticles; applying a magnetic field to the nanoparticle layer to orient easy axis of magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles in a substantially uniform direction; and irradiating the nanoparticle layer with an ultraviolet beam to bind said organic compound to thereby produce a magnetic recording medium wherein easy axis of magnetization of the nanoparticles has been oriented in a direction substantially parallel to a direction at a particular angle with the substrate. The resulting magnetic recording medium experiences no deterioration of the underlying layer or the soft magnetic layer, and exhibits good magnetic properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical device. The device features an anode constructed of materials such that the device can be chemically recharged. In addition, the device is capable of switching between operating as a fuel cell or as a battery. In certain aspects of the invention, the device includes a liquid anode and is capable of operating at a temperature of less than 1000° C. Other aspects feature a control system and a fuel delivery system for the electrochemical system.

Abstract: A stack (11) of fuel cells have water flow channels receiving water through a pump (33) from an accumulator (29) having double walls (63, 66) with vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) (65, 68) therebetween, auxiliary DC power source (80) (battery or supercapacitor) is disposed in a container (43) having double walls (81, 86) with VIPs (65, 68) encapsulated therebetween. A keep-warm heater (51) keeps the source warm enough for at least half power capacity, the source driving its own heater as well as a keep-warm heater (50) in the accumulator to keep the accumulator above freezing. A microwave heater (58) disposed in the accumulator distributes energy to melt ice using fuel cell stack power upon startup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microfibrous fuel cell sub-bundle structures, fuel cell bundles and fuel cell assemblies formed by such fuel cell sub-bundles and bundles. Specifically, a fuel cell sub-bundle is provided, which comprises multiple microfibrous fuel cells. Each microfibrous fuel cell comprises: (a) a hollow microfibrous membrane separator comprising an electrolyte medium, (b) an inner electrocatalyst layer in contact with an inner surface of such membrane separator, (c) an outer electrocatalyst layer in contact with an outer surface of such membrane separator, and (d) an individual current collector in electrical contact with the inner surface of such membrane separator. Each of such multiple microfibrous fuel cells is in electrical contact with a common current collector at the outer surface of its membrane separator.

Abstract: Provided are an electrode and a battery having superior charge-discharge cycle characteristics and capable of obtaining a higher energy density. The battery comprises a spirally wound electrode body (20) including a cathode (21) and an anode (22) spirally wound with a separator (23) in between. During charge, lithium metal is precipitated on the anode (22), so the capacity of the anode (22) is represented by the sum of a capacity component by insertion and extraction of lithium and a capacity component by precipitation and dissolution of the lithium metal. The anode (22) includes a mixture layer (22b) having a powdered anode active material, and the mixture layer (22b) has liquid absorption properties that when 1 ?dm3 of propylene carbonate is dropped on the mixture layer (22b) at 23° C., a contact angle that the mixture layer (22b) forms with a propylene carbonate drop becomes 10 degrees within 100 seconds.

Abstract: An anode includes zinc particles. At least about 30% by weight of the zinc particles are spherical.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode comprising a graphite as a negative electrode active material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte including at least a saturated cyclic carbonic ester and containing a cyclic carbonic ester having a carbon-carbon double bond such that, when a content of the cyclic carbonic ester having a carbon-carbon double bond is x (g), a content of the graphite in the negative electrode is B (g), a specific surface area of the graphite is A (m2/g), a size of the crystallite of the graphite in a direction of the c axis is Lc, and a size of the crystallite of the graphite in a direction of the a axis is La, a condition expressed by 0.05×10?2?x/[A×B×2Lc/(2Lc+La)]?3×10?2 is satisfied.

Abstract: A battery with a high capacity and superior cycle characteristics, and an anode active material used for it are provided. An anode active material contains tin as a first element, a second element, and a third element. The second element is at least one from the group consisting of boron, carbon, aluminum, and phosphorus, and the third element is at least one from the group consisting of silicon, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, indium, cerium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and bismuth. The content of the second element in the anode active material is from 9.8 wt % to 49 wt %.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery including 5 to 40 volume % of at least one fluorine-substituted ether compound represented by R1—O—R2 (wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl groups substituted with fluorine), having a substitution ratio of hydrogen with fluorine of 57 to 86%, a viscosity of 0.9 to 2.3 cp, and a boiling point of at least 88° C., and 60 to 90 volume % of a non-aqueous organic solvent having a flash point of at least 80° C.

Abstract: A highly safe non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell with excellent self-extinguishing property or flame retardancy is provided which comprises an anode, a cathode, a non-aqueous electrolyte in which an Li-salt as a supporting salt is dissolved in an organic solvent, and a separator. When a high crystalline carbon material such as graphite is used as cathode active substances, it is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell whose charging/discharging life is lengthened, whose interface resistance at the non-aqueous electrolyte can be reduced, and which has excellent discharging characteristics at low temperature.

Abstract: A simplified method is provided for recording identification information, such as a serial number or the like, in a hologram-recorded film simultaneously with hologram duplication. The method includes the steps of coupling a hologram recording film with a master hologram plate having a master hologram, the master hologram plate having a reflective area adjacent the master hologram; and directing laser beams towards the master hologram plate to induce interference between incident laser light and diffraction laser light from the master hologram in the recording film, at least some of the laser beams radiating the reflective area through a transmission type controllable display device to record a pattern in the hologram recording film corresponding to a pattern displayed at the transmission type controllable display device.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a photo mask comprises preparing a photo mask including a unit drawing pattern, finding a dimensional variation relating to the photo mask, the dimensional variation including first and second dimensional variations, the first dimensional variation occurring due to a positional displacement and size mismatch of the unit drawing pattern in the photo mask and the second dimensional variation occurring due to etching and development relating to a manufacturing of the photo mask, estimating a deteriorated amount of an exposure latitude occurring due to the dimensional variation of the photo mask using the dimensional variation and a degree of influence of the dimensional variation for the exposure latitude, and judging quality of the photo mask by comparing the deteriorated amount of the exposure latitude and an allowable deteriorated amount of the exposure latitude.

Abstract: A method of designing an alternating phase shifting mask for projecting an image of an integrated circuit design having a plurality of essentially parallel segments of critical width comprises creating essentially parallel alternating phase shifting regions aligned with the critical width segments and extending beyond ends of at least some of the critical width segments, enclosing the integrated circuit layout and the alternating phase shifting regions within a boundary, extending the alternating phase shifting regions to an edge of the boundary, and thereafter creating an alternating phase shifting mask based on the alternating phase shifting regions.

Abstract: An opening is formed in a light-absorbing layer on a mask by applying a second resist above a first resist on the layer. A first exposure step with subsequent development of the second resist leads to the formation of a first opening in the developed second resist. The first resist is uncovered on an area within the opening. A second exposure step is performed by irradiation of the mask in a second segment, which is laterally offset with respect to the first opening, so that an incomplete portion of the area of the uncovered first resist is exposed within the opening. After a further development step and an etching step with formation of a second opening in the developed first resist with a transfer of the portion into the light-absorbing layer, this opening has a diameter smaller than both the first and the second segment.

Abstract: Reticles having reticle patterns suitable for reducing edge of array effects are provided. The reticle patterns have unresolvable patterns formed in the periphery areas of the reticle patterns. The unresolvable patterns are non-transparent with respect to patterning radiation. Systems incorporating the reticles are also provided. Additionally, methods of forming and using the reticles are provided.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating a photomask, methods of treating a chemically amplified resist-coated photomask blank, a photomask blank resulting from the methods, and systems for fabricating a photomask are provided. The method is useful for recovering the exposure sensitivity of a chemically amplified resist disposed on a photomask blank from a post-coat delay effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for thermally transferring an imaging material from an imaging donor to a receiver to form a pattern of the imaging material on the receiver in which a transparent texturing material is thermally transferred, preferably by laser exposure, from a texturing donor to the receiver prior to thermally transferring the imaging material to the receiver.

Abstract: A yellow toner in which, in a spectral-distribution diagram in which the reflectance (%) is plotted as ordinate and the. wavelength (nm) as abscissa, the reflectance determined for a toner in a state of powder ranges from 15% to 20% at a wavelength of 500 nm and ranges from 75% to 80% at a wavelength of 600 nm, a cyan toner in which, in the like spectral-distribution diagram, the reflectance determined for a toner in a state of powder ranges from 30% to 35% at a wavelength of 450 nm and ranges from 35% to 40% at a wavelength of 475 nm, and a magenta toner in which, in the like spectral-distribution diagram, the reflectance determined for a toner in a state of powder ranges from 5% to 10% at a wavelength of 425 nm and ranges from 65% to 70% at a wavelength of 675 nm. These color toners each contain corresponding pigments in specific combination, and promise color reproduction which can ensure the color tones of process inks.

Abstract: A positively-charged electrophotographic organic photoreceptor includes an electrically conductive support, and a charge transport layer and a charge generating layer sequentially stacked on the electrically conductive support. The charge generating layer is formed by coating a charge generating layer forming composition that includes a fluorene compound, a charge generating material, a binder resin and an organic solvent on the charge transport layer, and drying. The organic photoreceptor has high sensitivity, while suppressing contamination of a charge generating layer during coating, and thicknesses of a charge transport layer and a charge generating layer may be adjusted. Also, the electrostatic properties of the organic photoreceptor, including charge potential and exposure potential, may be easily adjusted.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an intermediate layer in which the intermediate layer contains a compound formed from a composition containing the following components X, Y and Z.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a negative-charging electrophotographic photosensitive member which can improve the adherence between a first layer and a second layer without lowering the effect of lessening image defects and realize a reduction in overall costs, a negative-charging electrophotographic photosensitive member produced by the process, and an electrophotographic apparatus. In the process for producing a negative-charging electrophotographic photosensitive member, a first layer is deposited on a substarte, at least the vertexes of protuberances are removed, the substrate with the first layer deposited theron is placed in a film forming furnace, the first layer surface is plasma-treated with a gas containing at least a Group 13 element in the periodic table and a dilution gas composed of at least one selected from hydrogen, argon and helium, and a layer formed of a non-single-crystal material is deposited as the second layer on the first layer.

Abstract: To provide a high-image-quality electrophotographic photosensitive member having a high sensitivity for a wavelength close to 380 to 500 nm, remarkable image resolution property in which absorption of the wavelength is hardly recognized, working-environment characteristic and high safety and superior in abrasion resistance and fabrication easiness and reducing optical memories and an electrophotographic apparatus using the high-image-quality electrophotographic photosensitive member. In the case of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a substrate, photoconductive layer formed on the substrate and surface layer formed on the photoconductive layer and using silicon and nitrogen atoms as base material and containing an amorphous material containing at least oxygen atoms, the surface layer contains nitrogen atoms as an average concentration shown by the following expression (1) and contains oxygen atoms by the maximum value Omax of the number of oxygen atoms in the thickness direction: 0.

Abstract: A composition comprised of a charge transport compound and a crosslinked polymer composition generated from the curing of a solution of a hydroxyl pendant polycarbonate, a hydroxylated charge transport compound, a curing agent and a solvent.

Abstract: A production process of a light emitting device capable of easily forming a fixed shape insulator layer irrespective of the quality of the material of a substrate is provided. The process of the present invention includes a process of forming an insulator layer by an electrophotography method, in the production process of a light emitting device equipped with a substrate, light emitting layers formed on the substrate, and an insulator layer mutually partitioning the light emitting layers.

Abstract: In the toner comprising at least a colorant, a releasing agent and a binder resin, the releasing agent being a mixture of carnauba wax and non-paraffin wax, the binder resin contains a polyester resin having an acid value of 7 to 20 mg KOH/g. An electrophotographic negatively charged full color toner having good fixing property, glossiness, transparency, and releasability without coating a fixing oil to a fixing apparatus.

Abstract: A toner composition for use in a xerographic or electrostatographic imaging process. The toner composition includes a toner particle and an optional primary external surface additive and a friable external surface additive. The friable external surface additive may also be a material that is capable of functioning as a primary external surface additive. The friable external surface additive is generally larger than the primary surface additive and capable of having portions of the friable particle broken or abraded off during the imaging process. The particles that are abraded off the friable additive can replace the primary external additive particles that become embedded into toner particles during the development process. The friable additives contribute to reducing toner aging and provide a toner with satisfactory flow and triboelectric properties.

Abstract: The invention provides liquid electrographic toner compositions comprising a liquid carrier having toner particles dispersed in the liquid carrier. The liquid carrier has a Kauri-Butanol number less than about 30 mL. The toner particles comprise polymeric binder comprising at least one amphipathic copolymer comprising one or more S material portions and one or more D material portions. The toner composition additionally comprises a wax component associated with the toner particle, wherein the wax component and the amphipathic copolymer each comprise at least one of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base pair in an amount sufficient to form weak, reversible intermolecular non-covalent bonds resulting from acid/base interactions between the wax component and the amphipathic copolymer. These toner particles can exhibit excellent final image durability characteristics, and can also provide toner compositions that provide excellent images at low fusion temperatures on a final image receptor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photopolymerizable composition containing a polymerizable compound having an addition-polymerizable unsaturated bond, an organic dye, and an organoboron compound represented by the following general formula (I), wherein at least one kind of the organoboron compound is included and the proportion thereof is one mole or more per mole of the organic dye B?R)4X?.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support, which contains a fluorine compound having two or more fluorinated alkyl groups having two or more carbon atoms and 11 or less fluorine atoms and having at least one of an anionic hydrophilic group and a nonionic hydrophilic group, and has a characteristic curve drawn in orthogonal coordinates of logarithm of light exposure (x-axis) and optical density (y-axis) using equal unit lengths for the both axes, on which gamma is 5.0 or more for the optical density range of 0.3-3.0. There is provided a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material that provides high sensitivity, high contrast, favorable half tone dot quality and superior storage stability.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to positive-working coating compositions and to a substrate formed with a coating of that composition. Advantageous versions of the invention provide an infrared imageable, positive lithographic printing plate having a coating comprising a hydroxy substituted polymer, a diphenylcarbinol solubility suppressing compound and an infrared radiation absorbing compound.

Abstract: An image forming medium includes a substrate and an imaging layer including a photochromic material and a polymer binder coated on the substrate, where the photochromic material exhibits a reversible homogeneous-heterogeneous transition between a colorless state and colored state in the polymer binder.

Abstract: A novel liquid photoreactive asymmetric acrylate compound containing sulfur, aromatic moieties, and optionally bromine, and having high dynamic range sensitivity is disclosed. The acrylate compound is a monomer for a photoimageable system. In one embodiment, when about 2–8% by weight of the acrylate compound is dissolved in a two-component urethane matrix system and incorporated in an optical article formed by reacting the two-component urethane matrix system, the optical article shows a sensitivity of about 4 or more and a shrinkage during the formation of the optical article of about 0.05% versus a sensitivity of 2.26 and a shrinkage of 0.13% when tribromophenyl acrylate, a commercial monomer, was used.

Abstract: Methods to reduce the write time for forming mask patterns having angled and non-angled features using electron beam lithography are disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, non-angled features of the mask pattern are formed by exposure to an electron beam. The orientation of the substrate and a path of the generally rectangular-shaped shot from the electron beam may be relatively altered such that the substrate is exposed to the electron beam to form the angled features as if they were non-angled features. In another exemplary embodiment, the electron beam lithography system determines whether it is necessary to relatively alter the orientation of the substrate and a path of the generally rectangular-shaped shot from the electron beam to form the angled features based on the number of angled features and the time required for relatively altering the orientation. Electron beam lithography systems employing a rotatable stage, rotatable apertures, or both, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fine pattern having first elements within track widths and second elements, which are shifted half a track pitch from the first elements, are drawn across the entire surface of a disk accurately and at high speed. A transfer pattern for a magnetic transfer master carrier is drawn by scanning an electron beam on a disk coated with resist. The first elements and the second elements, which are shifted half a track pitch such that they straddle adjacent tracks, are drawn. While the disk is rotated unidirectionally, the electron beam is deflected in the radial direction within a single track of the disk to draw the first elements. Deflection of the electron beam in the radial direction is shifted half a track, to draw the second elements that straddle adjacent tracks at the same time.

Abstract: A method for preparing lithographic printing plates is disclosed. Imaged positive-working, thermally imageable, multi-layer imageable elements useful as lithographic printing plate precursors are developed using solvent based developers. Development may be carried out by immersing the imaged imageable element in the developer.

Abstract: Multilayer resist systems and techniques used for liftoff or planarizing topography wherein the dimensions and thicknesses of the layers are independently controlled. The undercut may also be independently controlled for precision structures.

Abstract: A process for forming magnetic target tracks for position and speed sensors. The tracks are formed from a paste comprising a magnetic powder material and a hardenable carrier. The tracks can be formed within trenches in a substrate or on the substrate surface.