Abstract: A digital signal processing integrated circuit contains an array of interconnected and programmed or programmable digital signal processors (10). Configurable multiplexing circuits (12), are placed between IO connections (11a,b) and the IO ports of at least a plurality of the digital signal processors (10). The multiplexing circuits (12) are configured under control of configuration data, so that the multiplexing circuit (12) give the effect of accessing the IO connection only to IO signals from the IO port or ports of one or ones of the respective plurality of digital signal processors (10) that are selected by the configuration data. Preferably, each digital signal processor (10) has its IO part coupled in common to a plurality of the multiplexing circuits (12) separately from the other digital signal processing circuits.

Abstract: A method and system for performing streaming of character-based data is disclosed. The method and system include fetching a block of data and converting at least a portion of the block of the data into at least a part of a character. The character-based data includes the block of the data. The method and system also include retaining a remaining part of the block, if any. The remaining part corresponds to at least a portion of a character. The method and system also include converting the remaining part into at least the portion of the character in a next conversion if the next conversion includes the character.

Abstract: A sample rate converter includes an up-conversion module, a linear interpolator module, and a parameter control module. The up-conversion module is operable to convert a first data rate to a second data rate of a data signal. The linear interpolator module is operable to receive the data signal at the second data rate and to produce therefrom a data signal at a desired rate based on at least one parameter. The parameter control module is operable to produce the at least one parameter based on the desired rate.

Abstract: Methods, articles of manufacture and systems for the correction of static mismatch errors in D/A converters, where an input word, being the digital representation of an analog input signal, is divided into one most significant part, msb-word, and one least significant part, lsb-word, where msb-word is represented by msb-bits and lsb-word is represented by lsb-bits. Correction is performed by setting the effective weight of the least significant msb-bit to be less than the total sum of all lsb-bits, implementing a first look up table, LUT1, containing the most significant part of the error, so that a corrected msb-word, c-msb-word, would be equal to the msb-word plus a value in LUT1 representing the msb-word, and implementing a second look up table, LUT2, containing the least significant part of the error, so that a first corrected output, c1-output, would be equal to c-msb-word plus a value in LUT2 representing the c-msb-word added to the lsb-word.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to provide a variable voltage source for calibrating an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) by efficient decoding of a multiplexer control signal. A multiplexer efficiently decodes the multiplexer control signal to provide a variable calibration source that has a high-accuracy digital control. The multiplexer senses the multiplexer control signal and varies only one of a multiplexer first output and a multiplexer second output for a one-bit change in a least significant bit of the multiplexer control signal. Calibrating the ADC with the variable calibration source increases the accuracy of the ADC.

Abstract: There is provided a pulse oximeter circuit including a feedback circuit configured to receive a digital output signal of a multi-bit sigma-delta modulator and generate a pulse width modulated signal (PWM). The PWM signal is directed to a first switching circuit and a D flip-flop. The first switching circuit provides a first or second reference voltage as a feedback signal to the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator. The D flip-flop generates a sample and hold signal. The sample and hold signal controls a second switching circuit coupled to the input of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator.

Abstract: Circuitry includes a multiplexer to output first data and second data in response to a clock signal, the clock signal having rising and falling clock edges, where the multiplexer outputs first data at a rising clock edge and outputs second data at a falling clock edge. The circuitry includes a DAC to receive the first data and the second data and to generate, therefrom, complementary first and second signals, a filter to filter the complementary first signals and second signals and thereby produce first and second filtered signals, and a voltmeter to measure a difference between the first and second filtered signals, the difference corresponding to a duty cycle error in the clock signal.

Abstract: An array substrate includes: a plurality of signal line groups, each of which is a set of a plurality of signal lines; a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, each of which is connected to the signal lines on a pixel-to-pixel basis; a plurality of DA conversion circuits which are provided respectively corresponding to the signal line groups; a plurality of AD conversion circuits which are provided respectively corresponded to the signal line groups; and a selection circuit selecting any one of a connection of the DA conversion circuits to the respective signal line groups, and a connection of the AD conversion circuits to the respective signal line groups.

Abstract: A data driver capable of generating data signals with desired voltage values. The data driver includes a first digital-analog converter including a plurality of first switches, the first digital-analog converter selecting two reference voltages from among a plurality of reference voltages by turning on two of the first switches corresponding to high level bits of data; and a second digital-analog converter for dividing the two reference voltages into a plurality of voltages and for supplying any one of the two reference voltages and the divided voltages corresponding to low level bits of the data as a data signal to an output terminal, wherein the second digital-analog converter includes a transistor turned on by a bias voltage to compensate for a turn-on resistance of the two of the first switches.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a voltage output digital-to-analog converter circuit, including other ones of the second resistive elements and third resistive elements having a desired resistance value are series-connected between the other ends of the second resistive elements, which are connected to switching elements of the plurality of switching elements to which a most significant bit and a least significant bit are supplied, and the ground.

Abstract: A CMOS hybrid analog-digital receiver core where filtering and gain functions are implemented in the digital domain. The analog portion of the receiver core includes standard circuits such as a low noise amplifier for receiving an RF input signal, and a mixer circuit for down-converting the RF input signal to a base band frequency signal. The analog to digital conversion function is provided by a merged ADC filter circuit having a low order filter stage and an ADC stage. The low order filter stage performs low order filtering of the base band signal to reduce dynamic range and clock requirements for subsequent analog to digital conversion the ADC stage. The two circuit stages are considered to be merged since they both consist of an interconnection of identical transconductance cells, where each transconductance cell includes a series of interconnected CMOS inverters.

Abstract: A audio codec includes a first analog to digital converter for producing a first one-bit data stream, a second one-bit data stream is received from a digital microphone. A selection module produces a one-bit output signal that is the first one-bit data stream when a selection signal is in a first state, and produces a the one-bit output signal that is the second one-bit data stream when the selection signal is in a second state. A decimation and filter module produces a down sampled signal based on the one-bit output signal.

Abstract: A conversion circuit increases a gain of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) preamplifier by minimizing a common mode offset voltage between an input signal and a reference signal. The feedback controller circuit calibrates an input common mode voltage to mitigate a common mode offset voltage. Reduction of the common mode offset voltage increases the gain of the ADC preamplifier. In an example, the method is executed during a hold phase of a track-and-hold circuit that transmits the input signal to the ADC.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter having improved differential non-linearity is provided. The converter has a memory which is used to look up the actual weight or a weight error corresponding to the bits that have been kept as part of the SAR process to form an output correction value A part of this, for example a residue (the part following the decimal point in a decimal representation) is used to drive a correction DAC which causes a correction to be applied to the trial value presented to a comparator used by the ADC.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus and method reduces a calibration settling time in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC has a reference voltage supply. The reference voltage supply has an output. A filter capacitor is coupled to the reference voltage supply output. An isolation transistor is series-coupled between the filter capacitor and ground. The isolation transistor isolates the filter capacitor during calibration of the ADC.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an analog to digital converter (ADC) has a dynamic power circuit. The ADC has a track-and-hold circuit with an output and a track mode. The ADC also has a comparator with an input. A preamplifier is coupled between the track-and-hold output and the comparator input. At least one of a preamplifier current and a comparator current are limited during the track mode to reduce ADC power consumption.

Abstract: Consistent with an example embodiment, there is dual residue pipelined AD converter comprising a cascade of, preferably balanced, switched capacitor dual residue converter stages for producing from first and second residue input signals one or more digital bits and first and second residue output signals for application to the next stage in the cascade. Preferably the first and second residue input signals charge input capacitors whose charge is subsequently transferred to output capacitors by means of operational amplifiers. The switched capacitor architecture allows compensating for DC-offset voltages of the operational amplifiers. The switched capacitor architecture also allows the implementation of 1.5 bit converter stages.

Abstract: A FM-CW radar system comprises a frequency modulated continuous wave digital generator that produces both in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) outputs to orthogonally oriented transmitter antennas. A linearly polarized beam is output from a switched antenna array that allows a variety of I-and-Q pairs of bowtie antennas to be alternately connected to the transmitter and receiver. The receiver inputs I-and-Q signals from another bowtie antenna in the array and mixes these with samples from the transmitter. Such synchronous detection produces I-and-Q beat frequency products that are sampled by dual analog-to-digital converters (ADC's). The digital samples receive four kinds of compensation, including frequency-and-phase, wiring delay, and fast Fourier transform (FFT). The compensated samples are then digitally converted by an FFT-unit into time-domain signals. Such can then be processed conventionally for range information to the target that has returned the FM-CW echo signal.

Abstract: Radar systems are disclosed that include a signal generator, an antenna, a switching circuit, an I/Q sampling and signal-demodulation (demodulation) processor, and a FFT processor. The signal generator produces energization signals. The antenna has multiple individual antenna elements. The switching circuit is configured to deliver the energization signals to a selected antenna element at a respective moment in time to cause the selected antenna element to transmit a respective radar signal in response to the energization signal. At least one element receives a corresponding return-radar signal before the switching circuit selects a next antenna element to transmit a respective radar signal. The demodulation processor receives the return-radar signals from the antenna elements and demodulates the return-radar signals. The FFT processor fast-Fourier transforms the return-radar signals.

Abstract: To provide a radar apparatus capable of rapidly detecting an object at the end of a detecting range. The present invention provides a radar apparatus comprising a radar sensor that transmits a transmitting wave to a predetermined angular range and receives a reflected wave reflected by an object and a processing unit that obtains a peak of strength from a distribution of strength for angle of the received reflected wave and determines the direction of the object based on the peak. The processing unit detects the reflected wave at the end of the angular range and, when the peak is not detected, determines whether the object exists in the direction of the end of the angular range, based on the distribution of strength of the detected reflected wave.

Abstract: In a configuration according to a short-range radar of the present invention and a method of controlling the same, the timing at which a variable-period pulse output from a variable-period pulse generator including a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) has shifted in level first since reception of a search instruction is used as a reference timing, so that a signal that shifts in level at the reference timing or a fixed lapse of time later than the reference timing is generated and output as a transmission trigger signal, and a signal that shifts in level at a timing delayed by half a period of the variable-period pulse or its integral multiple from the timing at which the transmission trigger signal is output is generated and output as a reception trigger signal.

Abstract: A method to compensate for radar platform angular motion may include measuring or estimating any radar platform angular motion. The method may also include substantially decoupling each array subsection response of a plurality of array subsection responses from any radar platform angular motion by applying continuous time varying phase adjustments to each individual array subsection response, prior to forming composite array Sum and monopulse Delta beam responses The time varying phase adjustments may be determined in response to any radar platform angular motion measured or estimated.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the transmission of GPS reference information, and more particularly, to transmission of GPS ephemeris information for mobile applications. A Telemetry word data is provided by and/or transmitted by a non-cellular, land based network and received by a receiver. A location signal is computed by a processor and transmitted to the GPS receiver. An accumulator accumulates that data and stores it in a data base. The unit may be connected to a Public Safety Answering Point. Also, the present invention provides a method to assist the GPS in mobile applications where the user does not necessarily have a cellular phone. The present invention discloses a method of transmitting ephemeris data to assist the GPS receiver without relying on the cellular telephone network.

Abstract: A multi-receiver satellite positioning system (SPS) wireless device (101) and system (100) or method (200) can include a plurality of SPS receivers co-located with each other, and a processor (114). The processor can be coupled to a first SPS receiver (102) and at least a second SPS receiver (104). The processor can be programmed to select (202) a measurement from the first SPS receiver or from at least the second SPS receiver having a desired characteristic, and use (212) the calculated measurement selected for having the desired characteristic for a predetermined application. For example, the processor can select the measurement by comparing (206) a possible error in position (EPE) reported by the first SPS receiver with a possible error in position reported by the at least second SPS receiver and selecting the measurement with the least amount of EPE when accuracy is a desired characteristic.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the installation and positioning of the receivers of a wireless tracking system. In such a system, a wireless beaconing device transmits a signal that can be detected by a plurality of wireless receivers positioned at various known locations. Each wireless receiver records information derived from the signal from which it can make an estimate of the distance or relative position of the beaconing device. A controller correlates the information received from the multiple receivers and uses it to estimate the location of the individual. In such systems, the accuracy of the estimated position of the beaconing device depends on the accuracy to which the positions of the receivers are known. A technique is disclosed in which an installer carries a tracking device that can track the person's position and/or movements. The installer starts at a base location and resets the tracking device to cause the tracking device to record this position as the base position.

Abstract: A collision avoidance system and method is based on receiving and processing Mode-S transponder messages without interrogating the transponders of the respective aircraft flying in formation. A collision avoidance computer and Mode-S transponder are used to provide distributed intra-formation control among multiple cells of aircraft flying in formation or close-in. The Mode-S transponder provides ADS-B Global Positioning System (GPS) squitter data to the computer. A mission computer is coupled to the collision avoidance computer. The mission computer may provide steering commands transmitted to other formation member aircraft. The method and system allow a safe separation between 2 to 250 aircraft flying in formation at selectable ranges.

Abstract: A mobile device (100) includes a satellite positioning receiver (102) for determining a precise location of the device (220). The first time the precise location is determined, the satellite positioning receiver is provided with location aiding information including an approximate location and a radius of uncertainty. The approximate location is determined by acquiring the location of a present base station (202), and the locations of one or more neighbor base stations (306), and calculating the spatial center of the base stations, and adjusting the spatial center according to received signal strengths of the base stations. A radius around the approximate location is then determined. The approximate location and radius are provided to the satellite positioning receiver.

Abstract: A planar inverted F antenna having a radiation patch having an asymmetric shape of linearly-tapered rectangle with a plurality of corrugated hollows is disclosed. The planar inverted F antenna having a radiation patch, includes: a first radiation patch for radiating a signal; a ground plate for grounding the first radiation patch; a feeding line for supplying an electric power to the first radiation patch; a short plate having one side coupled to the first radiation patch and other side coupled to the ground plate for shorting the first radiation patch, wherein the first radiation patch having an asymmetrical shape of linearly tapered rectangle and has one or more corrugated hollows.

Abstract: A multiband planar antenna intended for small-sized radio devices and a radio device. The basic structure of the antenna is a two-resonance PIFA, the radiating plane (320) of which has a structural part (321) corresponding to the lowest operating band and a structural part (322) corresponding to the upper operating band. In addition, a loop resonator (323) operating as a radiator is formed in the radiating plane. The ground conductor (325) of the feed line of the loop is at the same time the short-circuit conductor of the PIFA. The second conductor (326) of the feed line is connected to the opposite end of the loop, and it operates as the feed conductor of the PIFA. At the same time the structural part (321) of the radiating plane that corresponds to the lowest operating band is located between the loop and the structural part of the PIFA that corresponds to the upper operating band, in order to reduce the interference between them.

Abstract: A method of suppressing grating lobes generated in a radiating pattern of a phased array antenna, and a patch antenna element for use in the phased array antenna are described. The phased array antenna is formed from a plurality of symmetrical patch antenna elements spaced apart at a predetermined distance from each other. Each patch antenna element is configured for producing an asymmetrical radiation pattern. The antenna element includes a conductive ground plane, a radiating patch backed by a cavity and arranged in cavity aperture, and a feed arrangement. The patch antenna element is configured such that a dimension of the radiating patch along the E-plane of the antenna element is less than the dimension of the cavity aperture by a first predetermined value selected to provide an asymmetrical radiation pattern of the patch antenna element.

Abstract: The dual-polarization, slot-mode antenna includes an array of dual-polarization, slot-mode, antenna units carried by a substrate, with each dual-polarization, slot-mode antenna unit having at least four patch antenna elements arranged in spaced apart relation about a central feed position. Adjacent patch antenna elements of adjacent dual-polarization, slot-mode antenna units include respective spaced apart edge portions having predetermined shapes and relative positioning to provide increased capacitive coupling therebetween. The respective spaced apart edge portions may be continuously or periodically interdigitated to provide the increased capacitive coupling therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antenna structure for input and output signals, which includes multiple antenna units and a carrier. The carrier has a first and second bearing surface, the first bearing surface of the carrier having multiple antenna units placed on it separately, so that the loading structure of the antenna units goes through the first bearing surface to the second bearing surface. A boring hole is placed on the carrier, and the boring hole is used to secure the carrier with antenna units on a object. Through this invention, the antenna uses the carrier to integrate the module and makes the antenna structure for multiple input and output signals.

Abstract: An integrated sub-millimeter and infrared reflectarray includes a reflective surface, a dielectric layer disposed on the reflective surface, and a subwavelength element array and a subwavelength element array electromagnetically coupled to the reflective surface. The subwavelength element array includes (i) electrically conductive subwavelength elements on the dielectric layer, (ii) wherein the dielectric layer comprises a plurality of dielectric subwavelength elements, or (iii) the dielectric layer includes a plurality of embedded dielectric subwavelength elements. The array includes at least one of a plurality of substantially different inter-element spacings and a plurality of substantially different dimensions for the elements.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna includes a first antenna operating at wireless wide area network and having a first radiating arm, a second antenna operating at wireless local area network and a grounding portion employed by the first antenna and the second antenna. Wherein the first radiating arm of the first antenna further includes a metallic sheet, an insulative member affixed to the metallic sheet and a metal foil affixed to the insulative member.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a portable handheld housing, and a wireless transceiver carried by the housing. A pair of an antennas are positioned in side-by-side relation preferably in the upper portion of the portable handheld housing. A human interface diversity controller is connected to the wireless transceiver to preferentially operate with the plurality of antennas based upon a relative position of the portable handheld housing with respect to a hand of a human user. The device can select or weight the antennas based upon the position of the device when being held by a user.

Abstract: An antenna device, housed in a space of a case of an electronic equipment, the case having a surface in which an aperture is formed, includes a magnetic substance and a coil wound around the substance. The substance includes a coil winding portion and a pair of coil non-winding portions protruding from both ends of the winding portion and magnetically coupled with the winding portion. At least one of the coil non-winding portions is curved in an arc shape toward a distal end thereof from a base thereof so as to extend along an inner periphery of the space when the device is housed in the space and is viewed from the surface. The equipment further includes a circuit unit housed in the space, electrically connected to the device, and controlled on a basis of a signal inputted from the device, and a decorative plate closing the aperture.

Abstract: A method of operating a distributed loaded antenna system including a monopole antenna is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a radiation resistance unit coupled to a transmitter base, providing a current enhancing -unit coupled to the radiation resistance unit via a conductive midsection; providing transmission signal energy to the radiation resistance unit, and distributing the transmission signal energy through the current enhancing unit.

Abstract: An ultra-broadband antenna system is disclosed. The antenna system is a single tubular antenna structure comprising an asymmetrical dipole fed with a biconical dipole. The biconical dipole covers the high frequency spectrum, while the asymmetrical dipole covers intermediate frequencies. The invention further relates to a combination of the two dipole structures such that together they act as a monopole to cover the low frequency spectrum. A first RF connector attaches to the asymmetrical dipole and the biconical dipole, and a second RF connector excites the combination of the two dipoles as one large monopole. A choke minimizes interference between the asymmetrical/biconical dipoles and the monopole. The resulting frequency span is greater than 500:1, providing operation over the range of 20 MHz to 10 GHz.

Abstract: A multi-polarized forward feed and dish configuration for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals is disclosed. The configuration comprises a conductive reflector dish, having a focal point and a vertex point, and a multi-polarized forward feed element positioned substantially at the focal point. The forward feed element comprises at least two radiative members each having a first end and a second end. The second ends of the radiative members are electrically connected at an apex point and are each disposed outwardly away from the apex point toward the vertex point at an acute angle relative to an imaginary plane intersecting the apex point.

Abstract: An antenna unit includes a noncontact communication antenna and a plurality of magnetic elements provided on the antenna. The antenna and the magnetic elements are disposed so that the magnetic elements are superposed on the antenna.

Abstract: The invention is a new device that will improve the radio link quality for low power wireless devices. An example application is for low power, miniaturized wireless sensor nodes that are statically deployed in a slowly varying environment or that have limited mobility. The device is a reconfigurable antenna that is novel in that it operates with very low (zero-order) energy in contrast to existing system that required both significant computational and DC power.

Abstract: A method of changing a resonant frequency of an antenna includes coupling the antenna to a ground plane of a circuit board, where the ground plane includes conductive material. The method further includes removing a section of conductive material from a first location of the ground plane, where the shape of the removed section and the first location determine the resonant frequency of the antenna.

Abstract: An adjustable antenna bracket has an antenna bracket, a stanchion bracket, a connector panel and multiple fasteners. The antenna bracket has a fixed board with multiple circular assembled curved slots and the fixed board is combined with the antenna bracket. The stanchion bracket has a connecting board, two elevation boards and two adjusting boards. Each adjusted board has multiple adjusted slots. The connector panel is mounted on the antenna bracket at a side opposite to the stanchion bracket. The fasteners extend through the connector panel, the curved slots in the antenna disk and the adjusting slots in the adjusting boards to combine the connector panel, the antenna disk and the stanchion bracket together. Accordingly, an adjustable antenna bracket with two rotation stages is provided.

Abstract: A novel structure of antenna includes a polar liquid, a container made of an insulating material and containing the polar liquid, and a feeder connected to the polar liquid contained in the container. Then, the polar liquid acts as a radiator. A wideband antenna includes a radiator constructed of a conductor having an electrical resonant length corresponding to a unique resonant frequency. The radiator having a feeder at one end connected to an outer circuit. A container made of an insulating material contains at least a portion of the radiator therein or disposed adjacent to a portion of the radiator, and a polar liquid contained inside the container affects electromagnetic flow of the radiator in order to change the unique resonant frequency of the radiator.

Abstract: Antenna assemblies and corresponding modes of operation are provided where the first antenna assembly of the system is tuned to a first frequency band v1 and the second antenna assembly of the antenna system is tuned to a second frequency band v2. The ground plane of the first antenna assembly is configured as a frequency selective surface that is substantially reflective of radiation in the first frequency band and substantially transparent to radiation in the second frequency band. The second ground plane may also be configured as a frequency selective surface and may be reflective of radiation in the second frequency band. Any number of additional antenna arrays may be added so long as the outer arrays are transparent to the inner arrays.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a new family of antennas with a multiband behaviour, so that the frequency bands of the antenna can be tuned simultaneously to the main existing wireless services. In particular, the invention consists of shaping at least one of the gaps between some of the polygons of the multilevel structure in the form of a non-straight curve, shaped in such a way that the whole gap length is increased yet keeping its size and the same overall antenna size. Such a configuration allows an effective tuning of the frequency bands of the antenna, such that with the same overall antenna size, said antenna can be effectively tuned simultaneously to some specific services, such as for instance the five frequency bands that cover the services AMPS, GSM900, GSM1800, PCS1900, UMTS, Bluetooth™, IEEE802.11b, or HyperLAN.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying image has plural display devices for receiving and flashing still images to provide a consecutive image, which are arranged along a route of a mobile object. The apparatus has a speed detection device for detecting a traveling speed of the object and a control section for allowing a flash pulse supplied to the display devices to be generated, based on the traveling speed of the object. The apparatus has a display control section for controlling the display devices, which includes an image memory for storing data on plural separate still images and a light emission drive section for driving the display panel to which the flash pulse is supplied, thereby to flash sequentially the still images on the display panel. The display control section selects the plural still images sequentially one-by-one and writes the data on still images into the display panel.

Abstract: A communications network that controls gasoline pumps having multimedia players. The communication network comprises one or more communication networks including satellite, terrestrial, and wireless. A data center transmits media to the gasoline pumps and receives feedback from the gasoline pumps. The operation of the system includes broadcasting media, playing media, monitoring status, and reporting activity and information about the multimedia players. The communication system facilitates these operations and provides data security in the gas station environment.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a compensation hardware device for non-uniform regions in a flat panel display. The hardware device processes the flat panel display having non-uniform regions through digital signal processing, instead of by using materials, optical films or fabrication processes. Therefore, the manufacturing cost and complexity of the flat panel display are not negatively affected. In the digital signal processing architecture, a non-uniform-region compensation unit is used to process a video signal falling in a non-uniform region pixel, such that the non-uniform regions may not negatively affect the video signal displayed on the panel.

Abstract: The position and orientation of the viewpoint of an observer (100) are acquired. The position and orientation of a stylus (120) are acquired. A list image is laid out near the position of the stylus (120). An image of a virtual space after laying out the list image, which is seen in accordance with the position and orientation of the viewpoint, generated. The generated image is output to the display screen of an HMD (110).