Abstract: A document history device is communicatively connected with a document repository, a viewing station, a scanning station, a printing station, or a distribution device, each including a document history agent. The document history agent conveys information associated with a particular document so that the document history device can create a comprehensive history for the document wherein the history can provide information relating to how many document instances have been generated, how many document instances are currently active, who currently has access to the document instances, what would need to be done to completely destroy the document and all document instances, how recently has the document been accessed and by whom, who is a frequent source of information, which documents are most useful, what is the typical document lifetime, and/or what classes of documents does a particular user or class of users view.

Abstract: A scanned image management device comprises a receiving unit which receives a scanned image. A selecting unit causes a user to select a tag from among a set of pre-defined tags or newly generated tags. A first registering unit generates an image-to-tag association between a scanned image and a selected tag to register the scanned image with the image-to-tag association. A second registering unit generates a tag-to-tag association between tags independently defined for scanned images to register the tag-to-tag association. A retrieving unit retrieves a target scanned image by using the selected tag, the image-to-tag association, and the tag-to-tag association.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising an image processor which has output means for generating data for image formation based on image data and outputting the generated data for image formation and an image forming unit for forming an image based on the data for image formation generated by the image processor, wherein the image forming unit comprises storage means for storing information about an image forming speed and means for outputting the stored information, and the image processor comprises obtaining means for obtaining the information stored in the storage means and adjusting means for adjusting an output speed of the data for image formation based on the information obtained by the obtaining means.

Abstract: An informational-signal-processing apparatus has a plurality of functional blocks and a control block that controls operations of the functional blocks. Each of the functional blocks performs a series of items of processing. The control block or a predetermined block among the control block and the functional blocks distributes a global command. Each of the functional blocks receives the global command and operates adaptively based on the received global command. The functional blocks output a block-to-block synchronizing signal at an output timing of a processed informational signal that has been performed on the basis of the global command.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods, apparatuses, systems and/or devices for forming a master page for an electronic document are disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for high speed, high resolution imaging, which includes a micropixel array that includes, at least one macropixel, and a macropixel selector module; a micropixel array which is coupled to the macropixel array and includes at least one micropixel, a micropixel selector module, and an analog-to-digital converter; and a global bunch counter.

Abstract: A measuring device for measuring a length of a sheet includes a sheet-carrying unit for carrying a sheet, a reading unit having an area sensor and configured to repeatedly read the surface of the sheet from the leading end to the trailing end of the sheet while the sheet is being carried by the sheet-carrying unit, and a measuring unit for measuring the length of the sheet in the carrying direction on the basis of information regarding the sheet surface that is repeatedly read by the reading unit.

Abstract: A manuscript conveyer guide which has a curved surface and a flat surface in a facing portion to an upper surface of the contact glass plate, the curved surface being positioned on the upstream in the manuscript conveying direction, the flat surface being positioned on the downstream in the manuscript conveying direction, and the distance d2 between the flat surface and the contact glass being greater than the distance d1 between the curved surface and the contact glass. The manuscript conveyor guide is arranged over the contact glass plate and guides the manuscript that has passed over the contact glass plate in a direction of discharge.

Abstract: An imaging system generates a gain for a component of an image format. The gain is at least partially dependent on the brightness of the light source illuminating a scene when an image of the scene was generated. The gain can be used to correct the component of the image format for the color shift in the image caused by the light source. In some instances, the imaging system generates a gain for a plurality of the components of the image format or for all of the components of the image format. The gains can be used to correct the components for the color shift in the image caused by the light source.

Abstract: Embodiments for identifying logical elements of a document are disclosed.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a receiving unit that receives designation of a first processing and a second processing to be performed on an image created from image data and displayed on a display unit; a simple-preview generating unit that generates a simple preview image by performing the first processing with respect to the image displayed on the display unit; a simple-preview display unit that displays the simple preview image on the display unit; a preview generating unit that generates a preview image by performing the second processing with respect to the image data; and an image replacing unit that overwrites the preview image on the simple preview image on the display unit.

Abstract: An area identifying unit separates input image data into each image area. An editing unit performs an editing process on the input image data in units of separated image area. An operation displaying unit displays the input image data with an input display module and an editing display module. The operation displaying unit is capable of accepting editing inputs and an input of various settings through a touch input on the display. The editing unit performs the editing process on the image data based on the editing input. The operation displaying unit further displays an editing result performed by the editing unit.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium is provided, which has a first substrate which has a recess on a surface; an information-recording layer which is formed in the recess of the first substrate; and a second substrate which is formed on the information-recording layer; wherein an area of a surface of the second substrate is smaller than an area of an opening which is defined on the surface of the first substrate by the recess of the first substrate. The reliable holographic recording medium makes it possible to correctly record and reconstruct the stored information even when the holographic recording medium is used in an environment in which the temperature is changeable.

Abstract: An image display apparatus has: a display element for displaying an image; a light source section for supplying an illumination light to the display element; a reflection type hologram for diffracting and reflecting the illumination light so as to guide the illumination light to the display element; and an eyepiece optical system for guiding an image light from the display element to an eye of a viewer so as to provide an enlarged virtual image of the image. The reflection type hologram has diffusing properties. Since the reflection type hologram diffuses the illumination light, an incident angle of the illumination light with respect to the display element is widened to a certain extent. Since the display element does not change a propagating direction of a light ray, a propagating direction of the image light is widened similarly to widening of the incident angle, thereby enlarging the observation pupil.

Abstract: A method for scanning a surface, consisting of focusing an array of optical beams using optics having an axis, so as to illuminate a region of the surface intercepted by the axis, such that each optical beam illuminates a portion of a respective sub-region within the region. The method further includes moving at least one of the array and the surface so as to cause a translation of the surface relative to the axis in a first direction. During the translation in the first direction, each of the optical beams is scanned over the respective sub-region in a second direction, which is different from the first direction.

Abstract: A transparent glazing, and a control method thereof, with a field of view that can be darkened over a portion of its surface by electrically controlling at least one functional element incorporated into a multilayer composite, the light transmission of which glazing can be varied reversibly. The functional element, for example a solid-state electrochromic multilayer system, includes at least one electrochromic functional layer enclosed between two surface electrodes. The surface electrodes and their leads are matched to one another and spaced spatially with respect to one another such that darkening starts at one edge of the functional element and, with a remaining voltage applied between the surface electrodes, propagates continuously over the surface of the functional element until it is completely and uniformly colored. The glazing can be used as an electrically controllable sunshield for windshields of vehicles or the like.

Abstract: A device for redirecting light may comprise a plurality of liquid prisms configured to transmit incident light from an image display element. The liquid prisms may be configured to selectively modulate a direction of the transmitted light relative to the incident light so as to selectively alter an angle at which an image generated by the image display element is projected to an observer. A method for redirecting light may comprise transmitting incident light from an image display element through a plurality of liquid prisms and selectively modulating a direction of the transmitted light relative to the incident light so as to selectively alter an angle at which an image generated by the image display element is projected to an observer.

Abstract: An electrophoretic dispersion liquid for an electrophoretic display apparatus includes a plurality of electrophoretic particles each surface of which is modified by one of a basic group and an acidic group, a liquid for holding said electrophoretic particles to be dispersed therein; and a polydiene, having the other group, dissolved in said liquid.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, a first layer of electrically conductive material may be disposed in a recess in a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) base. An electrically charged gel network may be disposed in the recess on the first layer of electrically conductive material. A second layer of electrically conductive material may be disposed in the recess on the cross-linked co-polymer gel network. A functionalizer may be disposed on the first and the second layers of electrically conductive material.

Abstract: Quasi-phasematching design to provide an approximation to a desired spectral amplitude response A(f) is provided. An initial phase response ?(f) corresponding to A(f) is generated. Preferably, d2?(f)/df2 is proportional to A2(f). Alternatively, ?(f) can be a polynomial in f. A function h(x) is computed such that h(x) and H(f)=A(f)exp(i?(f)) are a Fourier transform pair. A domain pattern function d(x) can be computed by binarizing h(x) (i.e., approximating h(x) with a constant-amplitude approximation). In some cases, the response provided by this d(x) is sufficiently close to A(f) that no further design work is necessary. In some embodiments of the invention, the need for binarization can be reduced or eliminated by providing amplitude modulation of the effective nonlinearity.

Abstract: An waveguide apparatus and associated method are provided. Included is a waveguide and an integrated circuit positioned, at least in part, in the waveguide. The integrated circuit includes an amplifier and at least one transition between the amplifier and the waveguide.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for all-optically controlling both a gain and a gain flattening. The apparatus includes: a first amplifier automatically controlling a gain of the apparatus through a feedback loop while amplifying a received optical signal; a fixed gain flattening unit receiving the amplified optical signal from the first amplifier and compensating for the gain according to a wavelength of the received optical signal; and a second amplifier automatically controlling the gain through a feedback loop while amplifying the optical signal input from the fixed gain flattening unit. Accordingly, even if the number of channels of an input WDM optical signal varies, both of a gain and a gain flattening can be all-optically controlled.

Abstract: A microscope control device comprises a coarse focus control, a manual navigation control, and a fine focus control. The microscope control device also includes a clutch configured to alternatively activate one of the coarse focus control and manual navigation control. The fine focus control, coarse focus control, manual navigation control, and clutch are configured and arranged for manual manipulation by a single hand of an operator without changing a general position of the hand.

Abstract: A method in which probes are examined by means a microscope. For an illuminated sample, spatially coherent light with at least one continuous wavelength range or a continuously tunable wavelength range is generated, and one or more wavelengths or wavelength ranges in the illumination light are selected in dependence on the prespecified method of examination. The probe is then illuminated with the illumination light with the selected wavelengths or wavelength ranges, the illumination light and the emission light coming from the probe are then subsequently separated, whereby the back radiated illumination light is suppressed in the detection beam before the detection and the emission light is detected. In such a method, the selection of the wavelengths or the wavelength ranges of the illumination light is tuned by means of the separation of the detection light and the illumination light and the suppression of the illumination light in such a manner that a prespecified control variable (R) is optimized.

Abstract: A method comprising generating a first value in a first image data subset using a portion of image data and a splitting factor, and generating a second value in a second image data subset using the portion of image data and the splitting factor is provided. The first value and the second value are generated to cause image information corresponding to the portion of image data to be reproduced in response to being simultaneously displayed with first and second projection devices, respectively.

Abstract: Selective reflective optical apparatus includes a projection screen. The projection screen has structure constructed and arranged to selectively reflect only incident optical energy of a predetermined number of narrow bands of optical wavelength regions.

Abstract: A compound curved projection screen having a curvature about at least one region, such as a cylinder cross section curved about an axis or an ellipse about a plurality of axes, is provided. The compound curved screen comprises a plurality of angled planar reflective surfaces oriented to generally provide light energy in a direction of a screen centered axis. Compound curvature exists by the plurality of angled planar reflective surfaces being positioned in a generally curved and stepped manner about a second region different from the first region, such as a second axis orthogonal to the first axis.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal layer; a backlight apparatus arranged at one side of the couple of substrates of the liquid crystal display element; a polarizer arranged between the liquid crystal display element and the backlight apparatus; a luminous intensity distribution control element arranged at the other side of the couple of substrates of the liquid crystal display element; an analyzer arranged between the liquid crystal display element and the luminous intensity distribution control element, wherein the luminous intensity distribution control element comprises a transparent base member, a plural lenses arranged on the transparent base member, and a light absorbing layer having small opening portions substantially at focal positions of an individual lens of the plural lenses, and the transparent base member is constituted of a transparent body substantially optically isotropic or a transparent body having uniaxial optical anisotro

Abstract: An optical apparatus is disclosed which can prevent displacement of subject images due to the initializing operation of the image stabilizing unit from being seen by a photographer through a finder. The apparatus comprises an image-stabilizing unit which includes a movable unit movable for image stabilization and balls movable in conjunction with the movement of the movable unit, and a controller which controls operations of the movable unit. The controller causes the movable unit to perform a specific operation for moving the balls to a specific position within a disappearance period of a subject image in a finder for observing the subject, the specific operation being a different operation from an image stabilization operation of the image-stabilizing unit.

Abstract: A lens device is provided. The lens device includes: an image stabilizer having a lens holding frame which holds a correcting lens, a first driver which moves the lens holding frame in a first direction perpendicular to an optical axis direction of the correcting lens, and a second driver which moves the lens holding frame in a second direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction and the first direction; and a lens barrel in which the image stabilizer is installed. The optical axis of the correcting lens held by the image stabilizer is displaced from the center of the lens barrel, and the image stabilizer is arranged such that a direction of thrust generated by each of the first and second drivers forms an angle of approximately 45° with a line connecting the optical axis of the correcting lens and the center of the lens barrel.

Abstract: In imaging optics with main optics having several optical elements, and in which the main optics are corrected for an observation radiation, there is further provided a transmissive, diffractive element, which is arranged and provided in the observation beam path of the imaging optics such that, due to the diffractive effect of the diffractive element, at least one aberration of the main optics is corrected for an inspection radiation having a different wavelength than that of the observation radiation.

Abstract: An optical film is provided for use in a light source or display to provide rapid cut-off of illumination with angle. The film comprises a light-transmissive substrate of a material having a refractive index greater than one and having first and second major surfaces. A surface relief is formed on at least one of the major surfaces and includes a mirror structure. The mirror structure comprises a groups of specularly reflective surfaces alternating in at least one direction with groups of transmissive surfaces. All of the reflective surfaces are non-parallel to the plane in which the surface relief extends and at least some of the reflective surfaces are non-perpendicular to that plane. Light propagating through the film in a first angular input range passes without reflection into a desired angular output range. Light propagating through the film and reflected by the reflective structure passes into the same or an overlapping or adjacent output angular range.

Abstract: An optical element having a front side and a back side operates in an ambient lit mode and a backlit mode. The optical element includes a diffusely reflecting layer facing the front side for reflecting ambient light. A light absorbing layer faces the back side and is positioned to prevent back light from illuminating the diffusely reflecting layer. A plurality of light transmitting regions extend through the light absorbing layer and the diffusely reflecting layer for permitting back light to pass through in a restricted angular range without illuminating the diffusely reflecting layer.

Abstract: A projection system includes an image-forming device and a polarizing beamsplitter. Illumination light illuminates the image-forming device via the first polarizing beamsplitter. A retardation element is disposed between the image-forming device and the polarizing beamsplitter. A bias controller applies a bias to pixels of the image-forming device in the dark state so as to substantially maximize contrast in image light reflected from image-forming device. In some arrangements, the volume between the polarizing beamsplitter and the image-forming device is sealed, with the retarding element being disposed within the sealed volume and being attached to either the polarizing beamsplitter or the image-forming device.

Abstract: Integrated sub-assemblies for light management are disclosed herein. The integrated sub-assemblies include a plurality of films and/or elements, including a light collimating device and/or a transflecting device. At least two of the elements are coupled such that there is no air layer between the coupled elements.

Abstract: The Headlight Detailer (HLD) is a three part process utilizing specific compounds and procedure for the purpose of detailing automobile headlights and restoring the functionality of the headlight lens. The first part of the process consists of using readily available glass cleaner applied to the headlight lens for initial cleaning. The second step in the process is applying an ammonia and silicone based solution for the purposes of enhanced cleaning and surface preparation. The third and final step in the process includes the application of a wax sealer containing a solution for regenerating the hardened acrylic resin lens surface coating and UV protection.

Abstract: A light guide panel and a back light unit having the same are provided. The light guide panel includes an isotropic layer and an anisotropic layer. The isotropic layer includes an incident light surface, a transmission surface, and a polarization recycling unit, disposed opposite the transmission surface, which changes a polarization direction of light. The isotropic layer has a first refractive index. The anisotropic layer is formed on the transmission surface and includes a selectively transmitting and reflecting surface opposite the transmission surface, which reflects a first portion of incident light and transmits a second portion of incident light. The anisotropic layer has a first refractive index, identical to the first refractive index of the isotropic layer, with respect to light having a first polarization and has a second refractive index, different from the first refractive index with respect to light having a second polarization.

Abstract: An optical system includes an optical member made of a solid material being a mixture prepared by dispersing inorganic particles in a transparent medium. The transparent medium and the inorganic particles of the solid material, and the volume ratio of the inorganic particles to the transparent medium are set so that the optical system can appropriately correct aberrations such as chromatic aberrations.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical element and an illuminating device. The optical element includes: an incident surface; and an emitting section formed on an opposite side to the incident surface. The emitting section includes a plurality of protrusions. When each of the plurality of protrusions is projected onto a reference plane perpendicular to the incident surface to form a reference contour, the reference contour is substantially a trapezoid. A height of the reference contour and a height of a triangle formed by extending two legs of the reference contour satisfy a predefined condition.

Abstract: An improved optical collection and transmission surface includes a plastic mold injection surface including staggered multiple transmission sites each with a recessed portion in which incident light is not lost during reflection towards the propagation surface. A device implementing the surfaces is plastic-mold injected of high quality acrylic at in a preferred embodiment and can be economically optionally polished or finished to achieve desired quality surfaces.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrowetting device comprising first and second immiscible fluids, the liquids being sealed within a structure comprising a cap portion, a base portion, a gasket formed of a first material positioned between a first contact surface on said cap portion and a second contact surface on said base portion, and a first film formed of a second material between said gasket and one of said first contact surface and said second contact surface.

Abstract: A depth of a hole for housing a liquid is minimized to obtain a slim liquid lens. In the liquid lens, a chamber has a hole formed therein. Insulating and electrolytic non-miscible fluids are housed in the hole, with the insulating fluid located at a bottom side, to form a spherical interface. The insulating and electrolytic fluids have different refractivities. The hole has a height greater than or equal to a bigger one of a height of an initial interface before electrowetting occurs and a height of a final interface when electrowetting has occurred to a maximum amount. The liquid lens has a hole perforated to aminimal depth considering a shape of the liquid interface which is governed by a contact angle and an inclination angle of the hole, thereby achieving slimness and compactness and enhancing operability of the lens.

Abstract: A photochromic/vitroceramic window assembly that restores some of the natural illumination and warm blue-green colors normally excluded from the interior of an enclosed space after blocking at least a portion of infrared and/or UV light, comprising: a) A transparent window pane; b) a first self-adhesive material adhered to the exterior of the window pane, of a transparent plastic film containing a UV-activated photochromic dye; and c) a second self-adhesive material adhered to the interior of the window pane, of a transparent plastic film containing i) a rare earth doped vitroceramic that up-converts any infrared not blocked by the first self-adhesive film to a warm visible blue or green color, and ii) a diarylethene that converts any UV not blocked by the first self-adhesive film to a visible yellow-white color.

Abstract: An optical system includes at least one lens, and a barrel in which the lenses are mounted, the barrel having, at one end, a stair-shaped opening perpendicular to an optical axis so as to enable light to be incident into the optical system, the opening having at least two stepped layers.

Abstract: An ultra wide angle imaging optical system includes, in order from an object side, a first lens group, an aperture stop, and a second lens group. The first lens group includes, in order from the position closest to the object side, a negative meniscus lens element convex to the object side, a negative lens element, and a negative lens element. The second lens group includes a plurality of positive lens elements. The first lens group and the second lens group each includes at least one anamorphic surface having different optical powers with respect to a first section extending in a first direction on a flat plane substantially orthogonal to an optical axis, and with respect to a second section extending in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction. The first lens group includes the lens element satisfying the following conditional formula (1): ?0.6<(Ph?Pv)*(fh+fv)<?0.

Abstract: An imaging lens including, in order from an object side towards an image surface side, a diaphragm, a first lens which is a meniscus lens having a positive power whose convex surface faces the object side, and a second lens which is a lens having a positive power whose convex surface faces the image surface side, wherein conditions expressed by each of following expressions (1)-(6) are to be satisfied; 1.25?L/fl?0.8, 1?f1/f2?0.2, 1.8?f1/fl?1, 0.5>d2/d1?0.2, 0.35?d1/fl?0.1, and 0.27?d3/fl?0.1 (where, L: entire length of the lens system, fl: focal distance of the entire lens system, f1: focal distance of the first lens, f2: focal distance of the second lens, d1: center thickness of the first lens, d2: space between the first lens and the second lens on the optical axis, and d3: center thickness of the second lens).

Abstract: The projection display apparatus includes rotation regulating elements for inhibiting a rotation of the mount ring in a tightening direction, and a stopper element displaceable between a non-locked position and a locked position, wherein the stopper element is displaced to the non-locked position when the mount ring is rotated to a rotating position in a loosening direction from a predetermined position in the tightening direction, and is displaced to the locked position when the mount ring is rotated to the predetermined position in the tightening direction.

Abstract: A voice coil motor type focusing actuator, which includes a fixed unit formed of a bracket having a rectilinear sliding groove and two magnets mounted in the bracket at two sides, a movable unit formed of a lens holder holding a lens and mounted inside the bracket and slidably coupled with its rectilinear sliding rail to the rectilinear sliding groove of the bracket and two coils respectively mounted on two sides of the lens holder corresponding to the magnets of the fixed unit, and a resilient holding down unit connected between the fixed unit and the movable unit to hold down the movable unit on the inside of the fixed unit.

Abstract: An interactive control system for an image display device includes a case with an opening, a luminous source image display, a focusing element, and an interactive device. The luminous source image display displays a first image and the source image display is positioned within the case. The focusing element receives light and focuses the light to form a second image that is viewable through the opening, and the focusing element is positioned within the case. The interactive device controls the behavior of the system in response of input from a user. The interactive device includes a sensor system which detects a motion of the user. The focusing element includes a concave mirror with a black coating on the reflecting surface. The sensor system detects three-dimensionally a location and motion of a given object in a space in the opening of the case in front of the focusing element.

Abstract: A structure for concealing an automobile rear-view mirror display that uses an automobile rear-view mirror of a front wind shield, within which is disposed a concealable multipurpose display. The automobile rear-view mirror is further internally fitted with a withdraw device. A fixed member is affixed to a side of the withdraw device, and the fixed member functions in coordination with an inlay groove of the display to secure the display, thereby enabling the display to be received and concealed within a holding recess and to be withdrawn therefrom. The automobile rear-view mirror serves as a conventional rear view mirror when the display is concealed therein, and after the multipurpose display is withdrawn from the rear-view mirror, it can be set up to serve as a car reversing video system, a satellite navigation system, a multimedia player device, a touch screen and other related functional utilities.