Abstract: A coaxial propulsion system has a primary propeller, a flow control element to reduce swirl, and a secondary propeller, mounted in series configuration. A connecting shroud directs the combined thrust. Said primary propeller and said secondary propeller may be connected to the same engine, or independent engines for greater reliability and performance. A coaxial jet fan system has a primary fan, a flow control element to reduce swirl, and a secondary fan, mounted in a series configuration. A connecting shroud directs the combined bypass and jet thrust. Further, a secondary shroud provides a primary bypass and a secondary bypass thrust, thereby establishing a greater level of control over the bypass ratio and engine efficiency.

Abstract: A marine engine exhaust system includes a catalyst arranged to intercept a flow of exhaust flowing along the exhaust system, a water muffler downstream of the catalyst, and a water-activated exhaust valve disposed between the water muffler and an upstream catalyst and configured to impede flow of water upstream from the muffler to the catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas purification system and method are provided for an internal combustion engine having an NOx storage catalytic converter and a downstream SCR catalytic converter. The NOx storage catalytic converter can be supplied in a first operating mode with an oxidizing exhaust gas and in a second operating mode with a reducing exhaust gas. A third operating mode is provided between the first operating mode and the second operating mode, in which an exhaust gas which has a lower content of oxidizing constituents than the first operating mode and a lower content of reducing constituents than the second operating mode can be supplied to the NOx storage catalytic converter to improve NH3 production at the start of converter regeneration.

Abstract: This system in which the depollution means (1) are associated with oxidation catalyst-forming means (2), and the engine (4) is associated with common rail means (7) for feeding it with fuel and adapted to implement the strategy Of regeneration using At least one postinjection of fuel into the cylinders, is characterized in that it comprises detector means (8) for detecting a regeneration request (req.RG), detector means (9) for detecting a state in which the vehicle accelerator pedal is being raised, means (11) for acquiring the temperature downstream from the catalyst-forming means, means (8) for determining, on the basis of this temperature, the maximum duration for applying postinjections during a stage, in which the engine is returning to idling as a result of the accelerator pedal being raised, and cutoff means (7,8) for immediately cutting off postinjection as soon as the duration of postinjection use has reached the maximum duration.

Abstract: This system in which the depollution means (1) are associated with oxidation catalyst-formed means (2), and the engine (4) is associated with common rail means (7) for feeding it with fuel and adapted to implement a regeneration strategy using at least one post-injection of fuel into the cylinders, is characterized in that it includes means (8) for detecting a request for regeneration (req.RG), means (9) for detecting that the engine is in a stage of idling, means (11) for acquiring temperature downstream from the catalyst-forming means, means (8) for determining a maximum duration for post-injection application during the stage of idling on the basis of said temperature, and means (7, 8) for progressively reducing the post-injection as soon as the duration of use has reached the maximum duration.

Abstract: System and method for supplying reductants to an emission treatment system. The system includes a fuel tank adapted to supply a premixed fuel stream that includes a primary component and a reductant component, and an engine in fluid communication with the fuel tank, wherein the engine is configured to create an emission. The engine includes an emission treatment system to treat the emission. The system also includes a separation system that includes a membrane with differential permeability for the reductant component relative to the primary component. The separation system is configured to receive at least a portion of the premixed fuel stream from the tank and to separate the premixed fuel stream into a first fraction and a second fraction. The first fraction includes a higher concentration of the reductant component than the second fraction, and the separation system is configured to supply the first fraction to the emission treatment system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling regeneration of the simultaneous NOx-PM reduction apparatus having a lean NOx trap (LNT) for removing nitrogen oxide (NOx) an engine and a catalytic particulate filter (CPF) for trapping a particulate matter (PM) of the engine. According to an exemplary method, depending on the trapped PM amount in the CPF, the simultaneous NOx-PM reduction apparatus is regenerated according to a dual step regeneration including a mild regeneration at a low CPF interior temperature and a strong regeneration at a high CPF interior temperature.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a NOx absorbing catalyst includes: detecting a NOx value by a NOx sensor and determining whether to perform a regeneration mode or not based on a comparison of the sensed value and a predetermined upper limit; performing a first regeneration mode for a predetermined time period; if it is determined that the regeneration mode needs to be performed, determining a time period T2 for performing a second regeneration mode and performing the second regeneration mode for the determined time period T2; determining whether to perform a poisoning recovery mode based on the determination of whether a performance of the NOx absorbing catalyst has been deteriorated using an amount of exhausted NOx sensed after the performing of the second regeneration mode; and performing the poisoning recovery mode if it is determined that the poisoning recovery mode needs to be performed.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for determining a regeneration cycle thermal ramp. A thermal ramp module estimates a regeneration cycle thermal ramp. A soot content module estimates a soot content for a filter. In one embodiment, an oxygen content module estimates an oxygen gas concentration for the filter. A thermal profile module calculates a thermal profile for the filter as a function of the soot content and the thermal ramp. The thermal profile module may also include the oxygen content in the thermal profile calculation. A test module modifies the regeneration cycle thermal ramp if the thermal profile exceeds a thermal threshold. In one embodiment, a communication module may communicate a warning if the thermal ramp exceeds a warning threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for determining a regeneration availability profile for an exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The apparatus, in one embodiment, is configured to determine whether required regeneration conditions could be met within the system if attempted. The apparatus may include a data module for storing and retrieving a regeneration availability profile and for receiving regeneration requirements data. The apparatus may further include an input module for receiving input relative to current operating conditions of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The apparatus may further include a controller which uses the required regeneration conditions, the retrieved regeneration availability profile, and the input relative to current operating conditions to produce and store a new regeneration availability profile.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for adapting a regeneration profile for a particulate filter. A controller's input module receives inputs relating to conditions of the filter or engine, and a regeneration vector module creates a regeneration vector. The regeneration vector is based on the inputs and comprises a plurality of regeneration parameters. An output module directs a regeneration mechanism to regenerate the particulate filter according to the regeneration vector. The inputs may include filter condition and regeneration opportunity availability, and the parameters may include temperature, particulate load, exhaust composition and flow rate, and regeneration opportunity recognition.

Abstract: A system for regenerating a diesel particulate filter of the present invention includes a fixing part, a fluid supplying part, a fluid inhaling part, and a controller. The fixing part fixes a housing of a diesel oxidation catalyst-diesel particulate filter assembly. The fluid supplying part supplies a fluid of high temperature and high pressure to a rear end of the housing. The fluid inhaling part inhales the fluid from a space between the diesel oxidation catalyst and the diesel particulate filter of the housing. The controller controls the fluid supplying part such that temperature of the fluid between the diesel oxidation catalyst and the diesel particulate filter arrives at a first predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A controller (70) controls regeneration of an exhaust gas filter (52) which traps particulate matter contained in exhaust gas to prevent the particulate matter from being discharged into the atmosphere. When regeneration of the exhaust gas filter (52) is underway and the engine (10) is decelerating, the controller (70) determines whether or not a catalyst (40) is active (S82) and whether the engine (10) is decelerating gently or rapidly (S83). When the engine (10) is decelerating gently, the controller (70) performs a post-injection following a main fuel injection (S824), and when the engine (10) is decelerating rapidly, the controller (70) performs the main fuel injection but stops the post-injection (S834). In so doing, the temperature of the filter does not rise excessively, and the filter can be prevented from melting.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a compact efficient exhaust handling device that is particularly advantageous for use with small two-stroke, piston-type internal combustion engines, which device provides both exhaust scavenging and charge densification in the cylinder of the engine by utilizing a first muffler section formed in a helical or wrapped configuration, and a muffler expansion chamber also formed in a wrapped configuration, and axially displaced from the first section.

Abstract: A machine member driven by a hydraulic actuator may oscillate, or wag, when the hydraulic actuator decelerates or stops. The degree of oscillation is a function of the machine member's ability to track a deceleration command, which ability varies with changes in the position of the machine member and the load force acting thereon. To reduce the oscillation, a command that controls operation of the hydraulic actuator is filtered using a filter function that changes with the machine member's load. The load force exerted on the hydraulic actuator which in turn can be designated by fluid pressure that results from the hydraulic actuator. Preferably, the frequency of the filter function is varied inversely with the magnitude of the actuator load force.

Abstract: A method of operating a work machine includes moving a work implement via a first actuator having a range of motion, and ameliorating an end of stroke effect on a second actuator if an end of stroke condition of the first actuator is sensed. A work machine includes an electronic controller having software control logic for sensing a stroke condition of an actuator in a work implement system, and for ameliorating an end of stroke effect on a hydraulic actuator of the work implement system if an end of stroke condition of a first actuator is sensed.

Abstract: A machine and a process to produce compressed air by sea waves, using the weight of the floating platform with its fixture using its up and down movement to compress air in both directions to absorb the maximum energy of that wave in a direct drive bidirectional pump with a single piston wherein the kinetic energy and wave bouncy force is used to compress ambient air as stored energy. This unique arrangement doubles air volume for compression in both directions in any single wave curve, doubles the energy production in both upper and lower chambers of the pump and multiplies the “psi” based on the float thrust area against the size of the piston in the pump. The preferred embodiment can be used as a stand alone unit as well as in array formation for the desired output 24/7.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connection block for a hydrostatic piston machine which is provided for simultaneous operation in a first hydraulic circuit and a second hydraulic circuit. A first working pressure duct (60) and a second working pressure duct (61) are formed in the connection block, via which ducts respectively a first and a second working line (7, 8) of the first hydraulic circuit can be connected to respectively a first and a second kidney-shaped control port of a control plate (52) of the hydrostatic piston machine. Furthermore, a third working pressure duct (62) and a fourth working pressure duct (63) are formed in the connection block (25), via which ducts respectively a third and a fourth working line (7?, 8?) of the second hydraulic circuit can be connected to respectively a third and a fourth kidney-shaped control port (70?, 71?) of the control plate of the hydrostatic piston machine.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission on a tractor is operated by a microcontroller providing current commands to the hydrostatic transmission pump, and manual controls that provide signals to the microcontroller so the current commands cause the hydrostatic transmission to operate in either a first mode or a second mode. In the first or automatic mode the swash plate position may be continuously variable based on the position of a foot pedal. In the second or gear mode the swash plate may be moved to any of a plurality of discrete positions based on the position of a manually operable switch.

Abstract: An attachment control system includes an electrical control system and hydraulic control system. The electrical control system interfaces with the hydraulic control system to ensure that attachment decoupling in response to operator electrical control can occur only when at least one hydraulic threshold condition is satisfied as indicated by a hydraulic pressure sensor. Attachment decoupling is prevented unless the pressure sensor outputs an electrical signal that indicates that the attachment is safely positioned (e.g., full-extend or full-curl). In one example, this is indicated with the attachment positioning cylinder is pressurized above a select threshold as indicated by a pressure sensor.

Abstract: A first fluid channel for operating an actuator and a second fluid channel for operating an actuator are connected to a boom cylinder, including a boom rod side line, a boom head side line. A first and second supply line and a first and second discharge line of each of the first and second fluid channels, respectively, are connected to first and second meter-in control valve and first and second meter-out control valves, respectively. When the boom operating lever is returned an operating position to a neutral position, a pressure vibration generated in each fluid channel for operating the actuators is detected, and respective meter-in control valves and meter-out control valves are controlled to dampen the pressure vibration in each fluid channel.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a hydraulic control system for controlling a hydraulic consumer actuating a working tool of a mobile equipment that is provided with oscillation damping means for attenuating oscillations during braking of the working tool. In accordance with the invention, the oscillation damping means comprise two pilot-controlled shut-off valves arranged in opposite directions, that are positioned in a connecting line between a pressure medium supply and a pressure medium drain. The shut-off valves are subjected to the pressure in the drain and in the delivery, respectively, in the opening direction, and also to this pressure and to the force of a spring in the closing direction. Following a predetermined initial stroke of a regulator of the control system, the pressure acting on the drain-side shut-off valve in the closing direction may be reduced, so that the latter is opened by the pressure in the drain, and the connecting line between delivery and return is opened.

Abstract: A distributed hydraulic system locates a control assembly, that has electrohydraulic valves and a electronic controller, adjacent the respective hydraulically powered actuator controlled by that assembly. The control assembly includes a manifold block with ports to that the pump, tank return and actuator fluid conduits connect. One or more pressure ports are provided on the manifold block at which to sense pressure at different locations therein. A controller housing, in addition to containing an electronic function controller, also contains a separate pressure sensor for each pressure port, and is mounted against the manifold block so that each pressure sensor connects to a pressure port. The manifold block also has a pair of exterior walls that extend on opposites sides of the controller housing to protect the electronic controller. Other features that facilitate distributing the hydraulic control adjacent the actuators are provided.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit for heavy construction equipment to reduce a speed of a swing apparatus while a working apparatus such as a boom is concurrently operated has a work control valve which controls a working apparatus cylinder; a confluence valve which combines a hydraulic fluid of the second hydraulic pump with the work unit flow path based on a positions switch; a swing control valve which controls the hydraulic swing motor; and a disconnection valve which disconnects the hydraulic fluid supplied to at least one of the swing motors.

Abstract: Hydraulic system for pivoting the lateral structural parts of a truck upwards and downwards. Hydraulic system includes a hydraulic control unit provided with a hydraulic pump and hydraulic valves; a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder for pivoting a first component; and a third hydraulic cylinder and a fourth hydraulic cylinder for pivoting a second component. The hydraulic cylinders are embodied in a single-acting manner with an oil chamber and a spring counteraction. A check valve is provided between the at least one external hydraulic line and the oil chambers, the check valve blocking or enabling a reflux of the hydraulic liquid from the oil chamber into an external hydraulic line. In regulated positions of the lateral structural parts and when the hydraulic pump is not actuated, the check valve blocks backflow of the hydraulic liquid from the oil chamber and the external hydraulic line is depressurized.

Abstract: A control apparatus is provided for a hydrostatic transmission to simulate a gear drive on a tractor. The hydrostatic transmission has a swashplate that is angularly movable to a plurality of positions, and a proportional valve that provides a control pressure to a servo piston to control the hydrostatic transmission swashplate position. A transmission control lever may be moved to a plurality of positions, each position providing a different voltage signal to a microcontroller. The microcontroller receives and converts a voltage signal to a coil current to actuate the proportional valve.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus for being mounted on the body frame of a vehicle and for independently rotating drive wheel members. The axle driving apparatus includes a first axle driving unit (18L) having a housing (40) and a single axle (20L), the single axle (20L) defining a proximal end portion rotatably mounted in the housing (40) and a distal end portion extending outwardly from a first side of the housing (40). An enlarged region is defined by the housing (40), with the enlarged region extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the single axle (20L). A hydraulic stepless speed change assembly (22) is disposed within the enlarged region. The speed change assembly (22) includes a hydraulic pump (52) having an input shaft (21) projecting from the enlarged region and includes a hydraulic motor (55) including an output shaft (74) drivingly connected to the single axle (20L).

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus for being mounted on the body frame of a vehicle and for independently rotating drive wheel members. The axle driving apparatus includes a first axle driving unit (18L) having a housing (40) and a single axle (20L), the single axle (20L) defining a proximal end portion rotatably mounted in the housing (40) and a distal end portion extending outwardly from a first side of the housing (40). An enlarged region is defined by the housing (40), with the enlarged region extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the single axle (20L). A hydraulic stepless speed change assembly (22) is disposed within the enlarged region. The speed change assembly (22) includes a hydraulic pump (52) having an input shaft (21) projecting from the enlarged region and includes a hydraulic motor (55) including an output shaft (74) drivingly connected to the single axle (20L).

Abstract: A temperature sensitive resettable linear actuator includes a linear actuator housing and a support shaft. The support shaft has a first end portion configured for longitudinal movement within the linear actuator housing and a second end portion extending from the linear actuator housing. The support shaft is configured to translate between an extended position and a retracted position. A shape memory alloy device is positioned within the linear actuator housing and coupled to the support shaft for moving the support shaft from the extended position to the retracted position when the shape memory alloy device reaches a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A clutch booster usable for an automobile having a clutch. In one embodiment, the clutch booster includes a booster member coupled with the clutch for engaging or disengaging the clutch from the engine of the vehicle in response to a force applied to the clutch of the vehicle and means for determining the status of the clutch of the automobile.

Abstract: A turbocharger comprises a variable nozzle device and an exhaust housing being mechanically and/or thermally decoupled from the variable nozzle device. Additional optional advantageous features are provided, including various axial and radial clearances and various sealing elements.

Abstract: A method for improving compressor/exhaust turbine efficiency's due to better application and control of turbines created by multiple stages.

Abstract: A drive system. The drive system includes an engine configured to convert chemical energy into mechanical energy, an electronically-controlled air throttle configured to regulate air delivery to the engine, a supercharger configured to selectively increase pressure of the air delivered to the engine, and a supercharger diagnostic system configured to diagnose supercharger over-boosting or under-boosting.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a turbocharger having a turbine, a first set of combustion cylinders, and a second set of combustion cylinders. A first particulate trap is in fluid communication between the first set of combustion cylinders and the turbine. A second particulate trap is in fluid communication between the second set of combustion cylinders and the turbine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a first set of combustion cylinders and a second set of combustion cylinders. A first exhaust manifold is associated with the first set of combustion cylinders, and a second exhaust manifold is associated with the second set of combustion cylinders. A turbocharger includes a turbine which is fluidly coupled exclusively with the first exhaust manifold. An EGR system fluidly interconnects the second exhaust manifold and an intake manifold.

Abstract: A drive device for a motor vehicle includes a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and at least two exhaust gas turbocharger devices. At least one outlet valve is assigned to an exhaust gas turbocharger device of each cylinder of the internal combustion engine in such a manner that the exhaust gas duct assigned to this outlet valve is connected to the turbine wheel of the exhaust gas turbocharger device.

Abstract: A method for repairing power plant boilers provides for a water mist insertion into the furnace to provide for more rapid cooling, which allows personnel to enter into the furnace to conduct repairs in a shorter time. Water mist is provided by air-water mixing atomizing sprayers that are inserted into the boiler. Existing power plant oil igniter lighters may be switched from oil to water to provide the air-water mixed atomized mist.

Abstract: An auxiliary power system for a motor vehicle comprising a first engine having an accessory belt drive system comprising a belt and at least one driven pulley, the belt drivable by a driver pulley, the accessory belt drive system further comprising a motive member for driving the accessory belt drive system, the motive member comprises a motor engaged with the accessory belt drive system, a second engine operable to drive an electric power source, the electric power source electrically connected to the motive member, an alternate power source other than the electric power source connected to the motive member, a switch for selecting between the electric power source and the alternate power source, and the motive member, drivable by the electric power source or the alternate power source in order to drive the accessory belt drive system when the first engine is not operating.

Abstract: Provided is a combustor comprising an entrance through which the fuel flows thereinto; a combustion chamber, connected to the entrance, having a larger cross-section area than that of the entrance; and a plurality of protrusions installed along the interface of the entrance and the combustion chamber. Thus, the combustor according to the present invention has an enhanced mixing capability of fuel and air in the combustion chamber, thereby having enhanced combustion efficiency and reduced discharge of harmful exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method and system for augmenting the output of a combined cycle power plant having a base gas turbine (22) driving a generator (36) and a heat recovery steam generator (42) that recovers exhaust heat (30) from the base gas turbine (22) to drive a steam turbine (60). A complementary gas turbine engine (12) is added to the power plant to drive a complementary generator (14). The exhaust (A, B, C) of the complementary gas turbine (12) is merged into the flow path of exhaust gas (30) from the base gas turbine (22) upstream of a selected one or more heat exchangers (46, 50, 52) in the heat recovery steam generator (42). Such a complementary system (10) may be used together with supplemental duct burners (48) in a hybrid augmentation embodiment.

Abstract: A combustor assembly includes an inner and an outer liner defining a combustion chamber. The inner and outer liner includes a plurality of cooling holes that are spaced a specified distance apart. The cooling holes include a specified inclination angle and circumferential angle. A first group of cooling holes is spaced apart according to a uniform geometric pattern and density. A second group disposed between the first group and some structural feature within the liner assembly is disposed at a non-uniform pattern and a hole density equal to the density of the first group of cooling holes. The non-uniform cooling hole arrangement increases cooling flow effectiveness to accommodate local disturbances and thermal properties.

Abstract: A swirler assembly. The swirler assembly may include a hub, a vane positioned on the hub, and a fuel supply passageway extending from the hub through the vane. The fuel supply passageway may include a substantially triangular shape.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel nozzle. The fuel nozzle includes a first fuel introduction location, a second fuel introduction location, and fuel passages. The first fuel introduction location is located radially about the fuel nozzle and is connected with a fuel passage. The second fuel introduction location is located at an end of the fuel nozzle and is connected with another fuel passage such that the fuel passage connected to the first fuel introduction location is separate from the fuel passage connected to the second fuel introduction location.

Abstract: A fuel stabilization system removes dissolved oxygen from a liquid fuel to allow vaporization of the liquid fuel without the undesirable production of insoluble materials and byproducts. The vaporized fuel is then mixed with oxidizers and reformed in the catalytic reactor. The resulting vaporized fuel provides for moderately low temperature sustained combustion with reduced emission of undesirable byproducts.

Abstract: A power generation system includes a first gas turbine system. The first turbine system includes a first combustion chamber configured to combust a first fuel stream of primarily hydrogen that is substantially free of carbon-based fuels, a first compressor configured to supply a first portion of compressed oxidant to the first combustion chamber and a first turbine configured to receive a first discharge from the first combustion chamber and generate a first exhaust and electrical energy. The power generation system further includes a second gas turbine system. The second turbine system includes a second combustion chamber configured to combust a second fuel stream to generate a second discharge, wherein the first compressor of the first gas turbine system is configured to supply a second portion of compressed oxidant to the second combustion chamber and a second turbine configured to receive the second discharge from the second combustion chamber to generate a second exhaust and electrical energy.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a combustor flow sleeve for a turbine engine. According to aspects of the invention, the flow sleeve can be attached to one of the components in the combustor head-end by a plurality of fasteners. In one embodiment, the flow sleeve can be attached directly to the combustor head-end component by a plurality of bolts. The bolted flow sleeve can reduce the time to install or remove the flow sleeve. In certain areas, it may not be possible to directly attach the flow sleeve to the combustor component. A flow sleeve according to aspects of the invention can be adapted to facilitate indirect attachment to the combustor head-end component. The flow sleeve can further be adapted to include thermal relief slots to accommodate any differential thermal expansion or contraction between the flow sleeve and the component to which the flow sleeve is attached.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for driving first and second accessory machines of a double-bodied turbine engine with an LP shaft and an HP shaft. The system is characterized in that it comprises a first power train between the shaft of the HP rotor and the first machines arranged so as to mechanically drive the latter, and a first coupling means and a second power train between the shaft of the LP rotor and the second machines arranged so as to drive the said second machines. The system also comprises a second coupling means between the first power train and the second power train allowing the second accessory machines to be driven by the shaft of the HP rotor, particularly when the engine operates at high speeds. More particularly, it comprises a gearbox with at least two speed ratios, the first coupling means being arranged to selectively couple one or other of the two ratios or else to decouple the mechanical transmission from the shaft of the LP rotor.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device for generating a thermal flux with a magneto-caloric material, which is non-polluting, effective, reliable, of simple design and simple to use, economical, compact, and can be used both in large-scale industrial installations and for domestic applications. The device (3) for generating thermal flux with a magneto-caloric material comprises two thermal flux generation units (30) arranged side by side and each provided with thermal bodies (31) containing a magneto-caloric element and arranged in line along two rows carried by rectilinear frames (306). The thermal bodies (31) are subjected in alternation to magnetic fields emitted by magnetic mechanism (303) in the shape of a U, positioned in a staggered arrangement on either side of two bars (304) which move in reciprocating rectilinear translation. The thermal bodies (31) have a through-channel containing a heat transfer fluid and connected to one or more heat transfer fluid circuits.

Abstract: A magnetic shield is mounted in its own vacuum enclosure in a regenerative type expander comprising a vacuum enclosure, magnetic material in a cold regenerator, and a magnetic shield, where the magnetic shield surrounds the magnetic material.

Abstract: An apparatus for storing liquid air (a cryogenic mixture of about 80% liquid nitrogen and about 20% liquid oxygen) in a stable condition within a storage vessel routes colder liquid nitrogen from an external source, through a condensing coil/heat exchanger that passes through the ullage space of the vessel. This will result in condensing the nitrogen-rich vapor into the mass as a liquid, thereby reducing ullage pressure, cooling the mass, and ultimately precluding oxygen-enrichment through boil-off.