Abstract: A disc injection mold includes a mirror block and a cooling system. The cooling system is formed on the mirror block. The cooling system includes a water path, an input port and an output port. The water path is formed on the mirror block. The input port is formed on the water path and located closer to an inner track of the mirror block than to an outer track of the mirror block for drawing cooling water into the water path. The output port is formed on the water path and located closer to the inner track of the mirror block than to the outer track of the mirror block for releasing cooling water from the water path.

Abstract: A distance measuring device capable of being used in microscopes or other optical systems. Embodiments of the invention employ one or more scanning mirrors to scan a reference beam over a target to be inspected. The reference beam is returned and detected by a photodetector. The reference beam may be created by using a knife-edge element which allows the outgoing reference beam and incoming reference beam to follow the same path so that the apparent motion of the spot on the target surface is not detected by the photodetector. The photodetector generates an electronic signal corresponding to the displacement of the target away from the ideal focal point. The electrical signal may be used to drive a servomechanism to displace either the target or the microscope objective lens to bring the target in focus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling light intensity from two or more light sources. A timing scheme is used to modulate the light sources. Light from the light sources is combined to form a beam and a photo-sensor senses the beam. In a time interval when only one of the light sources is activated, the signal from the photo-sensor is monitored and used in a feedback control circuit to control the active light source.

Abstract: The lead terminal leadout type electronic component of the present invention has a component main body and a plurality of lead terminals led out of the component main body and is mounted on a mount board in a floating state in which the lead terminals are inserted into corresponding insertion holes of the mount board partway along lengths thereof. At least two lead terminals of the plurality of lead terminals are more largely deformed than opening dimensions of the corresponding insertion holes mutually oppositely in a direction along a surface of the mount board in a natural state. When the plurality of lead terminals are inserted into the corresponding insertion holes, the electronic component stands upright with respect to the mount board due to spring forces of said at least two lead terminals which is going to return to the natural state.

Abstract: A parallel kinematic machine has a parallel kinematic mechanism including an end effecter and a parallel link mechanism. A numerical control device controls a position and orientation of the end effecter based on kinematics of the parallel kinematic mechanism. A posture setter sets an adjustment tool on the end effecter in a known posture in a reference coordinate system defined outside the parallel kinematic mechanism based on a measurement method. A data acquirer acquires data in accordance with a measurement method selecting code for designating the measurement method used by the posture setter in setting the adjustment tool in the known posture, and defines a correlation between kinematic parameters for the parallel kinematic mechanism and the reference coordinate system. A calculator calculates the kinematic parameters based on the acquired data by using a relational expression describing forward kinematics of the parallel kinematic mechanism.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the CMOS image sensor includes a plurality of pixels, and the plurality of pixels include active pixels and optical black pixels. At least one bias input structure is configured to receive a bias voltage and only supply the bias voltage to one or more of the optical black pixels. An output circuit is configured to generate an output signal based on output from the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: Nanoscale optical probes for use with nanoscale optical microscopy are disclosed herein. A nanoscale optical probe for use with a near-field scanning optical microscope includes an inner conductor having a top end, a bottom end, and a body; a dielectric material engaging the inner conductor; and an outer conductor engaging the dielectric material, wherein the inner conductor is longer at a tip surface of the probe than the dielectric material and the outer conductor.

Abstract: An optical navigation system is provided to sense relative movement between the system and a surface. Generally, the system includes: (i) an illuminator having a light source to illuminate a portion of the surface; (ii) a detector to receive light reflected from the portion of the surface; and (iii) an enclosure enclosing the illuminator and the detector, the enclosure having a window covering the detector and through which light reflected from the portion of the surface is transmitted to the detector, the window being substantially transparent to at least one wavelength of light emitted by the light source. In certain embodiments, the window is a filter-window that is substantially non-transparent to light from other sources, such as ambient light, having shorter or longer wavelengths. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: An optical navigation sensor receives light that is produced by a light source and reflected from a surface. The optical navigation sensor has a silicon substrate having a plurality of photo-sensing regions, each of which receives a portion of the reflected light, and each of which provides a pixel of navigation information. At least one layer of material is deposited on the photo-sensing regions of the silicon substrate during a silicon wafer fabrication process. Each layer has a thickness that causes it to serve as an anti-reflection coating and reduce a percentage of light that is reflected away from the photo-sensing regions of the silicon substrate. A circuit biases each of the photo-sensing regions with a current, the current providing a given responsivity, and the current being less than a current that would be required to provide the given responsivity absent the at least one layer of material.

Abstract: A photo sensing structure and methods for forming the same. The structure includes (a) a semiconductor substrate and (b) a photo collection region on the semiconductor substrate. The structure also includes a funneled light pipe on top of the photo collection region. The funneled light pipe includes (i) a bottom cylindrical portion on top of the photo collection region of the photo collection region, and (ii) a funneled portion which has a tapered shape and is on top and in direct physical contact with the bottom cylindrical portion. The structure further includes a color filter region on top of the funneled light pipe.

Abstract: An optical encoder is disclosed, the optical encoder generally including an encoder framework, a light source for emitting light, said light source mounted to the encoder framework, a light detector attached to the encoder framework and disposed to receive light emitted from the light source, a light interruption screen with opaque regions and transparent regions, the opaque regions and transparent regions being movably positioned between the light source and the light detector such that movement of the opaque regions interrupts the light emitted from the light source to the light detector, and further wherein the light source is mounted to the encoder framework transverse such that the light is emitted at an angle from the axis of the rotating member.

Abstract: An optical encoder with improved resolution without narrowing either a slit pitch or a width in a moving direction of a light-receiving element is provided. A light-receiving block on a first row in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction is provided with four light-receiving elements 3 (A[1], B[1], A?[1], B?[1]) and a light-receiving block on a second row is provided with four light-receiving elements 3 (A[2], B[2], A?[2], B?[2]). The shape of each light-receiving element 3 is identical (width in the moving direction is approximately P/4 and width in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction is approximately W/2). The position of the light-receiving block on the second row in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction is shifted by P/8 in the moving direction and by W/2 in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction relative to the light-receiving block on the first row.

Abstract: In a tandem mass spectrometer means are provided for molecular activation of ions prior to fragmentation. An embodiment of a tandem mass spectrometer comprises a first collision cell receiving analyte ions having an internal energy and a second collision cell situated downstream from the first collision cell wherein the first collision cell increases the internal energy of the analyte ions prior to entry of the ions into the second collision cell, the increase in internal energy imparted in the first collision cell alone being insufficient to fragment a substantial portion of the analyte ions. Another embodiment includes a collision cell with a heating device situated adjacent to the collision cell for controlling the temperature within the collision cell.

Abstract: Improved systems, apparatus, methods, and programming useful for the automated analysis of complex compounds using mass spectrometers. Systems, apparatus, methods, and programming according to the invention provide for the automatic determination by a controller 54 of a mass spectrometer 14, 214 of an analysis operation to be implemented using the mass spectrometer, the analysis operation adapted specifically for analysis of one or more substances based contained within a compound based on identification of the compound and/or substances provided by a user of the spectrometer, and a database 66 or other library of information concerning suitable processes or process steps for analyzing substances.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a cell. A finely focused energetic primary-ion beam of a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer is directed to the cell. Interrogating at least one region of interest area from the cell and producing data. Distributing the data in plots indicating measures of similarity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for ion fragmentation by electron capture. The present invention provides a method of generating fragment ions by electron capture, comprising; directing ions to be fragmented into a fragmentation chamber of a mass spectrometer into a fragmentation chamber of a mass spectrometer arrangement; trapping at least some of the ions to be fragmented in at least one direction of the fragmentation chamber by using a magnetic field, the ions being trapped within a volume V; generating an electron beam using an electron source located away from the volume V; irradiating the trapped ions in the volume V with the electrons generated by the electron source in the presence of the said magnetic field, so as to cause dissociation; and ejecting the resultant fragment ions from the fragmentation chamber for subsequent analysis at a different location away from the fragmentation chamber.

Abstract: A detector system that contains two inlet port coupled to a photoionization chamber. One inlet port allows for the introduction of a test sample. The test sample may contain contaminants, drugs, explosive, etc. that are to be detected. The other port allows for the simultaneous introduction of a standard sample. The standard sample can be used to calibrate and/or diagnose the detector system. Simultaneous introduction of the standard sample provides for real time calibration/diagnostics of the detector during detection of trace molecules in the test sample. The photoizonizer ionizes the samples which are then directed into a mass detector for detection of trace molecules. The detector system may also include inlet embodiments that allow for vaporization of liquid samples introduced to a low pressure photoionizer.

Abstract: Ion sources, systems and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quadrupole mass analyzer which is a core equipment of a majority of mass analyzer, particularly to a quadrupole mass analyzer with a hyperbolic surface made of quartz which is capable of enhancing resolving power and analytical performance of a mass analyzer.

Abstract: An electron beam system using a scanning electron microscope equipped with a function for controlling a charged state of a sample to be observed includes electron optics for obtaining image data of the scanning electron microscope, and a monitor that displays a relationship between an equation for determining a degree of separation of peaks which appear in a histogram obtained on a basis of the image data and at least one parameter among parameters for controlling the charged state of the sample. An optimized parameter for controlling the charged stage of the sample can be visually distinguished on the monitor.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for the conversion of radiation. The apparatus includes a mesoscopic sized region, an interface surrounding the mesoscopic sized region and contacting the mesoscopic region to form an energetic barrier sufficient to spatially confine free carriers in the mesoscopic sized region, and a matrix material surrounding the interface. At least one of the interface and the matrix material provides radiative recombination of the free carriers.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for irradiating a sample with Terhertz radiation and detecting non-specular radiation in order to characterise the internal structure of the sample. Terahertz radiation specularly reflected from the surface is minimised so that it does not mask the weaker signal originating from the internal structure of the sample.

Abstract: A sensor (1) for monitoring the immediate vicinity of a motor vehicle (10) comprises an infrared emitter (3) that is arranged behind a lens (2) and a receiver (4) for reflected infrared radiation, as well as an evaluation unit (5) for detecting the presence of an object (13) in the immediate vicinity of the motor vehicle, wherein a signal can be forwarded from the evaluation unit (5) to a control device (19) in the motor vehicle (10). In order to also ensure the proper function of the sensor (1) when the lens (2) is soiled, an infrared emitter (6) and a receiver (7) are provided for measuring the transparency of the lens (2), wherein the evaluation unit (5) is able to increase the power of the infrared emitter (3) for monitoring the immediate vicinity of the motor vehicle if it determines that the lens transparency is reduced.

Abstract: The invention provides a thermal sensor having a first and second temperature sensing elements each being formed on a thermally isolated table in a first substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a sensor including a first sensor element formed in a first substrate and at least one optical element formed in a second substrate, the first and second substrates being configured relative to one another such that the second substrate forms a cap over the first sensor element, the at least one optical element being configured to guide incident radiation on the cap to the first sensor element. The sensor also includes a reference sensor element whose output can be used to reference the output of the first sensor element.

Abstract: A method for positron emission imaging is described. A portion of an imaging subject containing a radiopharmaceutical labeled with positron emitting radionuclide is disposed between and in close proximity with a pair of gamma detectors in opposing positional relationship. Pairs of coincidence gamma rays emitted from positron annihilation events are recorded by the pair of gamma detectors. The gamma detectors are scanned over and across an area of interest of the imaging subject while their position information is recorded. The recorded gamma ray events at each scan interval are used to represent two dimensional image of positron emitting radionuclide distribution within the imaging subject.

Abstract: A photodetector for X-ray applications includes a photodiode at each pixel location that is gated to reduce leakage of charge from the photodiode. A gate layer may be disposed around the entire peripheral edge of the detector, and maintained at a common potential with a contact layer, or at a different potential. A passivation or dielectric layer separates the gate layer from the photodiode. Leakage around the edge of the diode that can result from extended exposure to radiation is reduced by the gate layer.

Abstract: A radiological imaging apparatus allowing semiconductor radiation detectors to be easily replaced with new ones and densely arranged. Terminals (31cjk) and (33cjk) are provided on a bottom surface of a detector aggregate (40mn) including a plurality of semiconductor radiation detectors (1); the terminals is connected to electrodes (3 and 4) of the detectors (1). A plurality of zero insertion force connectors (56) are provided on a connecting device (33jk) installed on a support substrate (32h). The terminals (31cjk and 33cjk) are detachably attached to the zero insertion force connectors (56) to mount the detector aggregates (40mn) that are the semiconductor radiation detectors (1), on the support substrate (32h). When the detector aggregates (40mn) are attached to the zero insertion force connectors (56), since no frictional force acts on the terminals, the size of the gap between the detector aggregates (40mn) is reduced.

Abstract: A radiation detector operating at high temperatures is shown comprising a scintillating material for producing light when excited by incident radiation, a photocathode, and an electron multiplier. The photocathode is deposited directly onto the surface of the scintillating material that is oriented toward the electron multiplier. Depositing the photocathode directly on the surface greatly decreases photon loss which is a problem of prior art systems. In a preferred embodiment, a metal flange is hermetically sealed to the scintillating material and this is fusion welded to the electron multiplier to create a vacuum envelope.

Abstract: The present invention is a directed to a cover assembly for an x-ray detector that incorporates impact-absorbing material designed to absorb the shock, vibration, stress, and strain placed on the detector when dropped or subjected to a load. The cover assembly may include a layer or inserts of impact-absorbing material. Bumpers of impact-absorbing material may also be secured to the x-ray detector cover. Viscoelastic foam or other plastics may be used as the impact-absorbing material.

Abstract: A UV absorption spectrometer includes a housing, a controller, and a sensor unit including an ultraviolet light source, an analytical area in an analytical cell or in running water or gaseous medium, and an UV wavelength separator including a UV detector. An ultraviolet light in a wavelength range of 200-320 nm emits from the light source through the analytical area to the wavelength separator, and the controller transforms output signals from the UV detector into absorbance values or optical densities for two or more wavelengths in the wavelength range, calculates differences of said absorbance values or optical densities, determines a concentration of a chemical in the solution with calibration constants found for a known concentration of the chemical and said differences of said absorbance values or optical densities.

Abstract: A variable waveform detector may include multiple stages.

Abstract: A particle optical apparatus including an aperture plate for shaping a particle beam before the particle beam enters a monochromator filter assembly. The aperture plate has at least one aperture and is adjustable with respect to the monochromator filter assembly, in normal operating conditions, so that the size of the aperture used to shape the particle beam can be varied, and therefore the beam current entering the filter assembly can be varied.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charged particle emission component (100) for providing a charged particle beam (17) to a chamber of a charged particle beam column. The device comprises a gun chamber for housing the charged particle emission component; an emitter (16) for emitting a beam of charged particles; at least one beam shaping element (109; 18; 108; 402); and a residual gas diffusion barrier (106; 206) directly subsequent the emitter.

Abstract: Provided is a method for removing organic residue from an electronic device substrate by exposure to a corona discharge.

Abstract: A multimode ionization source with improved ionization characteristics that comprises an electrospray ionization source for providing a charged aerosol, an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source including a corona needle having an end positioned downstream from the electrospray ionization source for producing a discharge that further ionizes the charged aerosol, an assist gas inlet positioned adjacent to the corona needle for providing assist gas, the assist gas facilitating ionization of the charged aerosol by the corona discharge, and a conduit having an orifice for receiving ions from the charged aerosol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sample collector apparatus (10) for collecting samples of flowable solid materials that comprises a housing (11) and a delivery opening (15) at the upper end of the housing (11) through which material to be sampled is delivered into the housing (11). A deflector (12) is located within the housing (11) and has an upper end (13) located below the delivery opening (15) and has an angled wall (14) that acts to deflect the material. A receptacle means (20) is located towards the lower edge of the deflector (12) for receiving a sample of the material flowing downwardly. The receptacle means (20) has an opening at (17) at its lower end through which the sample passes.

Abstract: A photoluminescent wall marker includes an elongated base having an upper edge and a lower edge. The lower edge of the base is integral with an upper edge of a photoluminescent panel. The upper edge of the photoluminescent panel is integral with the base lower edge and defined by a fold line extending longitudinally between the base and the photoluminescent panel. The base and photoluminescent panel are flexible in a transverse direction allowing the wall marker to be stored in roll form in an unassembled configuration.

Abstract: An improved method of forming an X-ray conversion screen is described. The method uses a mold to mold a scintillating material layer including cavities in the scintillating material layer. By repeated moldings, the phosphor layer is built up. The cavities may be filled with a pixel cell separating material or coated with a reflective material such as a sputtered metal to optically isolate each pixel. Various methods for minimizing Swank noise are also described.

Abstract: A gas barrier film includes a substrate film and a gas barrier layer formed on the substrate film. The gas barrier layer is an inorganic compound layer that is made of an inorganic compound having a grain size of 3 nm to 20 nm and has grain boundaries at intervals of 1 nm to 20 nm. A stimulable phosphor panel includes a substrate, a stimulable phosphor layer formed on the substrate and the gas barrier film with which the stimulable phosphor layer is covered and sealed. A gas barrier film producing method prepares the substrate film and performs impedance controlled reactive sputtering on the substrate film at a film deposition pressure of 0.01 Pa to 0.13 Pa to form the gas barrier layer on the substrate film to thereby produce the gas barrier film.

Abstract: The present invention provides visible light curing systems, methods for reducing health risks to individuals exposed to radiation curing systems, methods for bonding substrates and visible light curing compositions.

Abstract: An angle measurement system for measuring angles of incidence for ion beams during ion implantation includes a varied angle slot array and an array of charge measurement devices located downstream of the varied angle slot array. The varied angle slot array includes slots formed within a structure from an entrance surface to an exit surface. Each of the slots has a varied acceptance angle range. The array of charge measurement devices are individually associated with the slots and can measure charge or beam current for beamlets that pass through the slots. These measurements and the varied or different acceptance angle ranges can then be employed to determine a measured angle of incidence and/or angular content for an ion beam.

Abstract: A charged particle beam writing method includes irradiating a shot of a charged particle beam, and deflecting the charged particle beam of the shot using a plurality of deflectors arranged on an optical path of the charged particle beam to write a pattern on a target object, wherein any one of the plurality of deflectors controls deflection of a charged particle beam of a shot different from a shot which is controlled in deflection by another deflector in the same period.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a projection system configured to project a first radiation beam onto a target portion of a substrate, and at least one monitoring device for detecting contamination in a interior space. The monitoring device includes at least one dummy element having at least one contamination receiving surface. In an aspect of the invention, there is provided at least one dummy element which does not take part in transferring a radiation beam onto a target portion of a substrate, wherein it is monitored whether a contamination receiving surface of the dummy element has been contaminated.

Abstract: A personal radiation protection garment that substantially contours to an operator's body is suspended from a suspension means. The garment is operable to protect the operator from radiation. The suspension means is operable to apply constant force. The suspension means allows operator wearing protective radiation garment to move freely in the X, Y, and Z spatial planes simultaneously, such that the protective radiation garment is substantially weightless to operator. A radiation protection face shield and flap can also be suspended from suspension means, such that face shield and flap are substantially weightless to operator. The suspension means can be mounted to a ceiling.

Abstract: A sheet detector, a sheet detector mechanism and an image forming apparatus. An image forming apparatus may include an image forming mechanism, a sheet conveyance mechanism, and a sheet detector. The image forming mechanism may form an image and transfer the image onto the sheet conveyed by the sheet conveyance mechanism. The sheet detector may be arranged upstream from an image transfer region and configured to detect the sheet. The sheet detector may include a light source emitting light, a plurality of photoreceptors, and a controller. The plurality of photoreceptors may be arranged in a line in a main-scanning direction and may include a first photoreceptor group and a second photoreceptor group. The first photoreceptor group may change output voltages when overridden by the side edge of the sheet. The second photoreceptor group may include an opposite end of the plurality of photoreceptors being out of the side edge of the sheet.

Abstract: A main line cable and a backup line cable are laid in a land portion in different routes. A land terminal station includes a break detecting unit that detects a break of the main line cable, and a path switching unit that switches a transmission path to the backup line cable. The break detecting unit detects a break of the cables based on a received-light level of a main signal transmitted from an underwater cable, or based on a received-light level of a returned monitor signal that has been output by the break detecting unit and reflected by the beach manhole. The beach manhole includes optical couplers that couple and divide the main signal for the main line cable and the backup line cable, a fiber grating that reflects the monitor signal, and an optical director.

Abstract: A medium supporting member, which is used in an image forming apparatus, includes: a plurality of ribs that support a recording medium; and an irradiation target portion that has a flat and smooth surface which is irradiated with a light by a light emitting unit of the image forming apparatus, wherein: a reflected light of the light emitted by the light emitting unit is detected by a light receiving unit of the image forming apparatus, and a presence or absence of the recording medium in the irradiation target portion is detected based on a quantity of the reflected light; and a distance between the irradiation target portion and the recording medium is increased in a direction from the light receiving unit to the light emitting unit.

Abstract: A computed radiography (CR) system for imaging an object is provided. The system includes a radiation source, a storage phosphor screen, an illumination source and a two dimensional imager. The radiation source is configured to irradiate the storage phosphor screen, and the storage phosphor screen is configured to store the radiation energy. The illumination source is configured to illuminate at least a sub-area of the storage phosphor screen to stimulate emission of photons from the storage phosphor screen. The two dimensional (2D) imager is configured to capture a two dimensional image from the storage phosphor screen using the stimulated emission photons. A method of reading a storage phosphor screen is also provided. The method includes illuminating at least a sub-area of the storage phosphor screen using an illumination source to stimulate emission of photons from the storage phosphor screen.

Abstract: A limit switch 6 is placed on an end portion of the trip rod 4, which converts the mechanical deviation of the trip rod 4 into an electrical signal. The electrical signal from the limit switch 6 is transmitted to quick acting solenoid valves placed in a drive unit for a steam valve via a sequence circuit device, and then the steam valve is closed. Accordingly, an equipment structure can be simplified and reliability can be improved as compared to conventional arts.