Abstract: A power converter receiving a single-sided supply which is ground-terminated and providing a positive supply and a regulated negative supply that is optimized to the expected output range of a class AB amplifier, as well as providing a symmetric positive supply having excellent efficiency. The converter finds application as a compact converter to power an audio amplifier driving an audio device which is ground terminated, such as a speaker.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for delivering power to a dynamic load. The system includes a power supply providing DC power having a substantially constant power open loop response, a power amplifier for converting the DC power to RF power, a sensor for measuring voltage, current and phase angle between voltage and current vectors associated with the RF power, an electrically controllable impedance matching system to modify the impedance of the power amplifier to at least a substantially matched impedance of a dynamic load, and a controller for controlling the electrically controllable impedance matching system. The system further includes a sensor calibration measuring module for determining power delivered by the power amplifier, an electronic matching system calibration module for determining power delivered to a dynamic load, and a power dissipation module for calculating power dissipated in the electrically controllable impedance matching system.

Abstract: An apparatus for impedance matching circuit is disclosed. The impedance matching apparatus has an output driver for outputting an output signal and includes an output data generator, for generating an output data signal; an output stage, for generating the output signal according to the output data signal, and receiving a first control signal to adjust an impendence of the output stage; an impendence unit, electrically coupled to the output stage, for receiving a second control signal to adjust an impedance of the impedance unit; and a calibration circuit electrically coupled to the output stage and the impedance unit, for outputting the first control signal and the second control signal to respectively control the output stage and the impedance unit such that a sum of impedances of the output stage and the impedance unit is adjusted to compensate an environment factor of the chip.

Abstract: A frequency generator is provided. The generator comprises two voltage controlled oscillators generating a first signal of a given multiple of a predetermined raster frequency, and a second signal of another given multiple of a predetermined raster frequency, dividers dividing the output signal of the oscillator until the frequency of both divided output signals is equal to the raster frequency, a filter arrangement connected to the output of the dividers, and a single sideband mixer. The mixer produces as output a signal having a frequency which is equal to the frequency of the output signal of either one of the oscillators or to the frequency of the output signal of either one of the oscillators from which the output signal of the filter arrangement has been subtracted or to which the output signal of the filter arrangement has been added.

Abstract: A magnetron is provided including a yoke having an internal space, a first magnet provided at one end of the internal space, a second magnet provided at a second end of the internal space, the second magnet being axially spaced from the first magnet. Further, an anode cylinder that generates radio frequency energy may be provided axially between the first and second magnets, a first pole piece and a second pole piece may be provided proximate first and second openings of the anode cylinder, respectively. Additionally, the magnetron may also include a seal that intercepts external leakage, the seal may have an inward protrusion extending axially towards the anode cylinder; and a choke filter that intercepts external leakage provided proximate the seal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a digital phase-frequency detector and a method of operating a digital phase-frequency detector. The detector includes an input circuit, an output circuit and a reset circuit. In use, the input circuit receives first and second input signals during a plurality of cycles, and during a given one of the cycles, generates a first intermediate signal or a second intermediate signal depending on which of the first and second input signals was received first during that given one of said cycles. The output circuit receives these intermediate signals, and outputs, during said one cycle, a first output signal or a second output signal depending on which one of intermediate signals was received by the output circuit during said one cycle. The reset circuit applies a reset signal to the input circuit under defined conditions to begin a new one of said plurality of cycles.

Abstract: A divide-by-n process is effected via a scale-by-four/n process (110, 210, 310) followed by a divide-by-four process (120, 220, 320). A quadrature input clock facilitates a scale-by-four/n process, via a clock-phase selection process. By incorporating a terminal divide-by-four process, quadrature output signals are easily provided. A divide-by-three quadrature divider effects the scale-by-4/n process via a selection of every third quadrature clock phase, and the quadrature output of the divide-by-four process provides the control signals to effect this every-third clock phase selection.

Abstract: An atomic frequency acquisition apparatus includes: a cell enclosing atomic gas therein; a laser light source that oscillates laser light that enters the cell and excites the atomic gas; and a photodetecting section that detects the laser light that has passed the cell, wherein the laser light source and the photodetecting section are attached to a common surface facing an interior of the cell, and the cell has a first reflection section on which the laser light oscillated from the laser light source is incident at an incident angle of 45 degrees, and a second reflection section on which the laser light reflected by the first reflection section is incident at an incident angle of 45 degrees.

Abstract: In an RF balanced matching device, a first capacity pattern of a first area is formed on a first ceramic sheet. A second capacity pattern of a second area is formed on the first ceramic sheet, spaced apart from the first capacity pattern at a predetermined distance. A third capacity pattern of a third area is formed on a second ceramic sheet stacked on the first ceramic sheet, overlapping perpendicular to the first capacity pattern. The third capacity pattern cooperates with the first capacity pattern to form a first capacitance. Also, a fourth capacity pattern of a fourth area is formed on the second ceramic sheet, overlapping perpendicular to the second capacity pattern. The fourth capacity pattern cooperates with the second capacity pattern to form a second capacitance. An inductance pattern has a predetermined electrical length and connects the third capacity pattern with the fourth capacity pattern.

Abstract: A super-regenerative receiver including a super-regenerative oscillator is disclosed. The super-regenerative receiver includes a super-regenerative oscillator for generating an oscillation signal when receiving driving current exceeding a predetermined critical level. The receiver also includes a bias current controller for generating bias current according to an output of the super-regenerative oscillator, and a pulse width controller for receiving a predetermined clock and controlling a width of the clock according to the output of the super-regenerative oscillator. The super-regenerative receiver further includes a quench generator receiving the width-controlled clock from the pulse width controller and generating quench current that varies according to the pulse width of the clock. The driving current for oscillation equals to a sum of the bias current N-times multiplied and the quench current.

Abstract: The present invention improves the geometry of ferrite circulators in order to increase the average power handling by decreasing the temperature rise in the ferrite and associated adhesive bonds. Embodiments of the present invention utilize dielectric attachments on the sides of the ferrite element, which maximizes the area of contact and minimizes the path length from the ferrite element out to the thermally conductive attachments.

Abstract: A Ytrium Iron Garnett (YIG) filter tuning system includes a YIG filter having a filter passband and associated filter bandwidth, a noise source selectively coupled to an input of the YIG filter, and a receiver coupled to an output of the YIG filter, the receiver having a measurement passband with an associated measurement bandwidth that is less than the filter bandwidth. The receiver acquires a series of measurements at the output of the YIG filter within the measurement passband and within the filter passband when the noise source is coupled to the input of the YIG filter.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting a transmission structure includes a conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) transmission line comprising metal layers formed on both sides of a board, a first signal line and a first ground line formed by removing the metal layer on one side of the board according to a pattern line, a plurality of via holes formed on the first ground line, proximate to the pattern line, and a parallel transmission line which forms a second signal line and a second ground line parallel with the second signal line, by being connected at one end with the first signal line and the first ground line in a substantially perpendicular direction with respect to the board, respectively. By the parallel transmission line which is connected with the planar transmission line in a perpendicular direction, a compact-sized wideband converter can be provided at an economical price.

Abstract: A duplexer assembly is provided and includes a circuit board and a duplexer connected to the circuit board by a joint material, wherein the joint material provides a joint thickness of at least about 10 mils.

Abstract: A diplexer includes a diplexer housing having transmit and receive waveguide channels formed therein. A cover is received on the diplexer housing over the transmit and receive waveguide channels. A septum is inserted between the diplexer housing and cover and configured to provide isolation between any transmitter and receiver signals and a desired frequency band of operation.

Abstract: Since gaps generated when assembling a high-frequency satellite receiver interrupt reception of satellite signals, accurate assembly or reduction in number of parts for assembly reduces interruption of reception of satellite signals. A signal feeding portion, a circuit board containing portion, and a signal output portion of a high-frequency satellite receiver extend from a first side of a main body of the high-frequency satellite receiver, so that the main body, the signal feeding portion, the circuit board containing portion, and the signal output portion are monolithically formed together, thereby preventing gaps resulting from assembly from affecting the reception of satellite signals.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the position of a member. The apparatus has a sonic waveguide, a generator for generating an interrogation sonic wave at a first position in the sonic wave guide, and a transducer for converting the interrogation sonic wave, at a second position in the sonic wave guide, to an interrogation signal. A timer can be enabled in response to the generator generating the interrogation sonic wave and stopped in response to the transducer converting the interrogation sonic wave so as to determine the propagation time delay of the interrogation sonic wave and the distance between the first and second positions. When the transducer is attached to a member, the position of the member can be determined from this distance. The apparatus can include a transmitter for transmitting the interrogation signal. The generator can be configured to generate an excitation sonic wave which is converted by the transducer to a power signal for powering the transmitter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a switchable dual-band filter, which comprises a first and a second switchable resonators, a coupling structure having two ends respectively connecting the first and the second switchable resonators, an input impedance conversion circuit connecting an input terminal and the first resonator, and an output impedance conversion circuit connecting an output terminal and the second resonator. The coupling structure couples the first resonators to the second resonator, and via verse. The input/output impedance conversion circuit converts the impedance on the input/output terminal into two distinct impedances that correspond to a first and a second operating frequency. The filter is simple in structure, occupies less circuit area, and is cost-effective in manufacturing. The impedance at both operating passbands can also be matched properly.

Abstract: A coupled resonator filter and a method of fabricating the coupled resonator filter are provided. The method includes: sequentially stacking a first electrode, a first piezoelectric layer, a second electrode, an insulating layer, a third electrode, a second piezoelectric layer, and a fourth electrode on a surface of a substrate; sequentially patterning the first electrode, the first piezoelectric layer, the second electrode, the insulating layer, the third electrode, the second piezoelectric layer, and the fourth electrode to expose areas of the first, second, and third electrodes; forming a plurality of connection electrodes respectively connected to the exposed areas of the first, second, and third electrodes and an area of the fourth electrode; and etching an area of the substrate underneath the first electrode to form an air gap.

Abstract: Multiple FBARs may be manufactured on a single wafer and later diced. Ideally, all devices formed in a wafer would have the same resonance frequency. However, due to manufacturing variances, the frequency response of the FBAR devices may vary slightly across the wafer. An RF map may be created to determine zones over the wafer where FBARs in that zone all vary from a target frequency by a similar degree. A tuning layer may be deposited over the wafer. Lithographically patterned features to the tuning layer based on the zones identified by the RF map may be used to correct the FBARs to a target resonance frequency with the FBARs still intact on the wafer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming an acoustic based device, including forming an AlGaN region having a first surface and a second surface. A first electrode is deposited on the first surface of the AlGaN region, and then a second electrode is deposited on a second surface of the AlGaN-region. In another aspect of the present application, the AlGaN region is formed by an epitaxial layer overgrowth process.

Abstract: A reverse-phase cross coupling structure includes a base, which has a resonance chamber, resonators vertically arranged in parallel in the resonance chamber, and coupling portions respectively coupled between each two adjacent resonators, each coupling portion having a top recess and a coupling hole in the top recess, and an adjustment device, which comprises a cover plate fixedly covered on the base and has through holes corresponding to the coupling holes of the coupling portions and a plurality of adjustment screws respectively inserted through the through holes of the cover plate and threaded into the coupling holes of the coupling portions to the desired elevation to regulate the amount of the reverse-phase cross coupling of the resonators. This novel reverse-phase cross coupling structure is achieved only by base and adjustment device, it is not necessary to employ extra parts as in the prior designs.

Abstract: Projecting elongate stub walls are provided on the planar surfaces of a substrate at positions where bonding of the substrate to a clamping lid or base is to be carried out. On firing of the substrate, the surfaces thereof are mechanically processed but since the stub walls protrude from the substrate, the grinding and polishing tools make contact with the surfaces of these stub walls, rather than with the entire substrate surface. As a result, the area of the substrate to be processed is minimised and problems with dishing and erosion are alleviated. This allows the clamping lid, or frame to be bonded, using conventional conductive adhesive processes, avoiding the cracking and stress problems associated with non-uniformity of the surface of the ceramic substrates.

Abstract: An electromagnetic switching device includes an electromagnetic drive device and at least one electrical contact that, when a starting current is applied to the drive device, can be transferred by the drive device from a disconnect position (contact opened) into a bridging position (contact closed). When the switching device is fully installed, the contact can be blocked in the disconnect position and can be mechanically blocked in the disconnect position by an arresting element that can be connected to the switching device. As a result, the contact remains in the disconnect position even when the starting current is applied to the drive device.

Abstract: A micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switch array for power switching includes an input node, an output node, and a plurality of MEMS switches, wherein the input node and the output node are independently in electrical communication with a portion of the plurality of MEMS switches, and wherein a failure of any one of the plurality of MEMS switches does not render ineffective another MEMS switch within the MEMS switch array.

Abstract: A starter includes a starter motor, a main circuit section, a main switch section including a main contact section to cut a current, a main plunger driven to open and close the main contact section, suction and holding coils, battery and motor terminals, and a switch terminal connected to the battery through a start switch, and opening and closing the main contact section in accordance with movement of the main plunger, a suction circuit section connected in parallel with the main circuit section and connected in series with the suction coil, a holding circuit section connected in series with the holding coil, and a breaking section connected in series with the suction coil inside the suction circuit section. The breaking section cuts electricity conduction when electricity is continuously conducted to the suction coil to bring about layer short circuit and a short circuit current flows at the suction circuit section.

Abstract: A circuit breaker is comprised of a make-and-break mechanism part disposed between frame plates opposite to each other; a base in which a breaking portion including cross bar, moving contact, fixed contact and arc-extinguishing device, and an over-current trip device are contained; a middle base, in which a partition wall separating the breaking portion from the make-and-break mechanism part, and the breaking portion from the over-current trip device, is provided; and a cover for covering the base and middle base. A frame of the make-and-break mechanism part is secured to the base through the middle base, and the secured part of the frame and the inner bottom face of the base are disposed in the proximity.

Abstract: A magnetic field generating assembly comprising a set (A1-A3;B1-B3;C1-C3) of, typically substantially coaxial, coils substantially symmetrically arranged about a plane orthogonal to the axis. At least some of the coils carry working currents in the opposite sense to the other coils The arrangement of turns and working currents carried by the coils is such that a first working volume (10) with a substantially homogeneous magnetic field is generated within the envelope defined by the assembly, and two second working volumes (11) each with a substantially homogeneous magnetic field are generated outside the envelope, the homogeneity of each of the first and second working volumes being sufficient to perform a NMR experiment on a sample in the working volume.

Abstract: A case 12 of a transformer 10 formed in such a manner that a transformer body 13 is accommodated in the case 12 having a rectangular-parallelepiped shape and a resin 14 is filled therein and solidified is configured such that the case 12 has one open face, and side faces 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d located at borders of the opening is partially removed, and tape is attached to cover the removed portions 23a, 23b, 23c and 23d. With this configuration, since the tape which is sufficiently thinner than the case forms side faces at the removed portions, gap between the transformer body and the case hard to be reduced. Accordingly, the resin is allowed to easily enter therein and air bubbles can be completely removed.

Abstract: A method of reflowing a polymer to form a spring or coil structure is described. A polymer is deposited over stress engineered thin film with an internal stress gradient. The polymer serves as a loading prevent release of the internal stress until a solvent vapor softens and reflows the polymer. As the polymer softens, the internal stress within the thin film is gradually released allowing controlled curling of the thin film out of a substrate plane. In one embodiment, the thin film forms the windings of a coil structure.

Abstract: An output filter for an audio amplifier includes a printed circuit board having at least one aperture extending through the printed circuit board. The output filter includes a first coil winding formed on a layer of the printed circuit board. The first coil winding substantially surrounds the first aperture. A magnetic core includes at least one leg. The at least one leg passes through the at least one aperture.

Abstract: A balanced transformer having an auxiliary coil has a bobbin, a balanced coil set, a detective coil, and an iron core set. The balanced coil set and the detective coil is wound onto the bobbin. The iron core set penetrates through the bobbin. The balanced transformer can be used in a driving circuit of a backlight module of an LCD device. The balanced coil set is electrically connected to CCFLs of the backlight module. The detective coil is electrically connected to a protection circuit of the backlight module. When currents respectively passing through the CCFLs are not equal to each other, two ends of the detective coil induct a voltage to form a protection feedback signal transmitted to the protection circuit. Therefore, the balanced transformer is capable of detecting an unusual current, so as to further protect the balanced transformer and the driving circuit of the backlight module.

Abstract: An improved structure of inductor includes a C-shaped core and a prismatic strut core. The C-shaped core has two extended portions and a side portion that has its two ends connected to a fixed end of each of the extended portions. The prismatic strut core has a bottom surface, a top surface, and a number of side surfaces that are wound around by a coil. The prismatic strut core inserts and places between the two extended portions with the coil pressed against the side portion. When it comes to assembling, all one has to do is to place the prismatic strut core into the C-shaped core and has adhesive to glue the coil to the side portion to complete the fabrication of the inductor in order to prevent the coil from being loose and come off.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, an insulating film formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a thin-film inductor element which is formed on the insulating film, and which includes first and second terminals and a conductive layer formed into a spiral shape between the first and second terminals so as to have a plurality of turns and at least one intersection. The conductive layer includes (i) a first conductor layer formed on the semiconductor substrate, and (ii) a second conductor layer which is formed on the insulating film, intersects the first conductor layer via the insulating film at the intersection. The thin-film inductor element has an arrangement in which the first and second conductor layers are symmetrically arranged in directions from an intermediate point between the first and second terminals along the longitudinal direction of the conductive layer to the first and second terminals.

Abstract: A humidity sensor includes a substrate, at least two elongated electrodes formed respectively on the substrate where each of the elongated electrodes has a first end and a second end, at least a pair of comb-like electrodes each contacting with the first end of the elongated electrode, and a humidity sensitive film which contains hydrophilic ionic polymer and is formed respectively on the at least a pair of comb-like electrodes but not on the second ends of the elongated electrodes. In addition, the present invention further comprises a method for making such a humidity sensor.

Abstract: A variable resistance device comprises a resistive member having a resistive resilient material. A first conductor is configured to be electrically coupled with the resistive member at a first contact location over a first contact area. A second conductor is configured to be electrically coupled with the resistance member at a second contact location over a second contact area. The first contact location and second contact location are spaced from one another by a distance. The resistance between the first conductor at the first contact location and the second conductor at the second contact location is equal to the sum of a straight resistance component and a parallel path resistance component. At least one of the first location, the second location, the first contact area, and the second contact area is changed to produce a change in resistance between the first conductor and the second conductor.

Abstract: To provide an on-vehicle radio device that acquires identification information for unlocking a lock device of a vehicle from a portable radio device having the identification information recorded therein by radio communication with the portable radio device and is configured so that the radio communication can be achieved with higher reliability.

Abstract: A remote wake-up assembly is provided including a remote device containing logic adapted to: generate a pre-amble signal comprising a plurality of pre-determined signal pulses sequentially varied throughout a pre-amble period; and generate a main message signal after a wake-up time-period. A receiver system is included containing logic adapted to: poll for the signal pulses, the receiver system polling comprising an on-state having a on-state length sufficient for receiving at least two of the sequentially varied signal pulses; determine the wake-up time-period using said at least two of the signal pulses; place the receiver system into a low-power sleep state during the remaining portion of said wake-up time-period; reactivate the receiver system at the end of the wake-up time-period; and receive the main message.

Abstract: A circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first frequency to voltage converter for storing a reference voltage based on a frequency of an incoming signal, and a second frequency to voltage converter for storing a second voltage based on the frequency of the incoming signal, the second voltage being a fraction of the reference voltage. A voltage to frequency converter creates a voltage on a node, the voltage repeatedly varying between about the reference voltage and about the second voltage. From this varying signal, a clock signal can be derived.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification transponder including a power supply and a dynamic memory array which stores data. When power from the power supply ceases, the data in the dynamic memory array is validly maintained for a predetermined period of time. The dynamic memory array is responsive to an interrogating signal for selectively updating the data. A signal processor extracts an identifier from the interrogation signal and is responsive to the identifier and the stored data to determine whether some or all of the identifier is stored in the dynamic memory array.

Abstract: An ID detection device includes a transmit/receive antenna unit having a transmit/receive antenna and a movement mechanism for making the transmit/receive antenna scan, wherein a file folder in which the RFID tags are arranged close to one another in a row is set on the transmit/receive antenna unit, to make the transmit/receive antenna scan in a row direction in which the RFID tags are arranged.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatuses for RFID readers forming a reader network are described. In an aspect of the present invention, readers communicate according to a “Listen Before Talk” (LBT) protocol to avoid undesirable interference.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatuses for RFID readers forming a reader network are described. In an aspect of the present invention, a plurality of RFID readers are configured to interrogate tags. Furthermore, the readers are configured to communicate with one another. Each of the readers include a ID number which identifies that particular reader within a reader network during communications. Each reader includes a network interface module and an optimization module to receive and process statistical data obtained from other readers in the network. Aspects of the present invention include a ‘primary/secondary’ reader network configuration, as well as a ‘distributed elements’ reader network configuration. A set of operational rules for the environment is indicated, and tag interrogations are optimized according to the rules. Readers may communicate according to a “Listen Before Talk” (LBT) protocol to avoid undesirable interference.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification device includes an integrated circuit including a receiver, a transmitter, and a microprocessor. The receiver and transmitter together define an active transponder. The integrated circuit is preferably a monolithic single die integrated circuit including the receiver, the transmitter, and the microprocessor. Because the device includes an active transponder, instead of a transponder which relies on magnetic coupling for power, the device has a much greater range.

Abstract: An acoustic wave device and related systems and methods, with some embodiments comprising a device with both an acoustic wave sensor and a SAW RFID. In some embodiments, the device is powered by capturing energy from the surrounding environment without the need for an interrogating RF signal.

Abstract: The invented retail customer service annunciator/pager comprises a base configured to recline on a retail tabletop; a tapered body extending upwardly from the base; and a combination switch/light adjacent the apex of the tapered body, the switch/light configured alternately to switch a visible light on and off when the switch is manually actuated, wherein a) the tapered body is configured to provide within its outer periphery one or more open compartments configured to store condiments and/or b) the combination switch/light includes a translucent or transparent lens/cover that is engraved with a company identity indicium.

Abstract: Tactile communication methods, systems and devices for wireless touch communication which include an array of electromechanical transducers each independently capable of producing a vibration for communicating qualitative and quantitative tactile cues to a user, at least one electromagnetic field sensor coupled with at least one of the array of transducers for monitoring a change in an electromagnetic field of the array of electromechanical transducers and producing an output signals when a change is detected, wherein a change in a position of a transducer contactor produces the change in the electromagnetic field and a vibrotactile waistbelt for housing the array of electromechanical transducers and sensors, wherein the vibrotactile waistbelt is worn by a user to receive and send wireless touch communication respectively from and to a remotely located controller.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a smart modem device for vehicular and roadside applications for remote data collection and transmission to a central data collection and processing facility. The modem includes a number of sets of connection managers and monitors for performing specified tasks with respect to connections with various networks. Each set of connection managers and monitors is different and corresponds to a selected card type and/or network service.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a vehicle and a ground system is described. The method includes initiating a connection between a plurality of clients on a vehicle and a ground system, and communicating, in parallel, data between the plurality of clients and the ground system.

Abstract: An antitheft apparatus for a vehicle includes a theft behavior sensing device and a paint injecting device. The theft behavior sensing device senses a theft behavior to the vehicle. The paint injecting device injects paint toward at least one of an exterior and an interior of a cabin of the vehicle when the theft behavior sensing device senses the theft behavior.