Abstract: An air filter assembly for delivering clean air to primary and secondary components such as a vehicle engine and a catalytic converter of the vehicle, for example. Air flow sensors are calibrated to sense the amount of air flow going to the engine to ensure optimum engine performance. The air filter assembly segregates the air flow between the engine and catalytic converter in a manner that allows intermittent air flow to the secondary component without substantially affecting the continuous air flow to the primary component.

Abstract: A closed crankcase ventilation system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The system comprises a flow path configured to enable crankcase emissions to flow from a crankcase of an internal combustion engine. A compressor is configured to enhance the flow of crankcase emissions from the crankcase by drawing the crankcase emissions into the compressor, to draw air from a source, and to compress the air and crankcase emissions. A treatment element is provided downstream of the compressor and configured to treat the compressed air and crankcase emissions exiting the compressor to remove entrained oil. A first conduit downstream of the treatment element is configured to introduce a first portion of the compressed air and crankcase emissions into one of an exhaust system for the engine and an air intake system for the engine.

Abstract: This catalyst system simultaneously removes ammonia and enhances net NO, conversion by placing an NH3-SCR catalyst formulation downstream of a lean NOx trap. By doing so, the NH3-SCR catalyst adsorbs the ammonia from the upstream lean NOx trap generated during the rich pulses. The stored ammonia then reacts with the NOx emitted from the upstream lean NOx trap—enhancing the net NOx conversion rate significantly, while depleting the stored ammonia. By combining the lean NOx trap with the NH3-SCR catalyst, the system allows for the reduction or elimination of NH3 and NOx slip, reduction in NO. spikes and thus an improved net NOx conversion during lean and rich operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger, particularly an exhaust heat exchanger (1) for an internal combustion engine. The heat exchanger (1) has a tubular housing (2) a housing section of which is surrounded on the outside by a duct housing (9) with an annular duct (10) being formed. The duct housing (9) has a coolant connection (connecting branch 12) and, in the housing section which is covered by the duct housing (9), passage openings (13 to 16) which are distributed over the circumference and via which a uniform distribution of the coolant in the interior of the housing (2) is obtained. It is advantageous, in the case of a heat exchanger (1) with an expansion element (18), to use the annular duct (10) and the passage openings (13 to 16) at the same time in order to form the expansion element (18).

Abstract: An exhaust dispersion device for an exhaust system with an outer flow member is disclosed. The exhaust dispersion device includes a dispersion member capable of being disposed within the outer flow member. The dispersion member defines an axis and includes an upstream end and a downstream end. A cross section of the downstream end perpendicular to the axis is larger than a cross section of the upstream end perpendicular to the axis. The dispersion device also includes an aperture extending through the dispersion member. The aperture is coaxial with the axis. Flow of all exhaust gas through the outer flow member is divided between flow through the aperture and flow between the outer flow member and the dispersion member. The dispersion member is operable to divert the flow of the exhaust gas at least partially toward the outer flow member.

Abstract: A vehicular peripheral device control system includes a peripheral device, an input device, and a hydraulic control apparatus. The input device is coupled to the hydraulic control apparatus and when actuated generates an input to the hydraulic control apparatus. The peripheral device is coupled to the hydraulic control apparatus, which actuates the peripheral device in response to the input device generating the input to the hydraulic control apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention broadly comprises a cone connection assembly for a torque converter, including: a first surface operatively arranged for connection to a crankshaft and a second surface on a cover of the torque converter. The first and second surfaces are arranged to be engaged and the first surface is arranged to transfer torque to the second surface via the engagement of the first and second surfaces. In some aspects, the crankshaft comprises a longitudinal axis, the first surface is disposed about the longitudinal axis, the cover comprises an outside surface, and the outside surface comprises the second surface. In some aspects, the first and second surfaces are arranged to be frictionally engaged or the first and second surfaces have complementary surface features and the first and second surface features are arranged to interlockingly engage.

Abstract: The present invention broadly comprises a thrust washer for a torque converter, including a front surface and at least one first channel. The at least one channel is at least partially enclosed by the front surface and is in fluid communication with an inner circumference and an outer circumference for the thrust washer. The front surface is arranged to engage a cover for the torque converter. In some aspects, the at least one channel is fully enclosed by the front surface. The thrust washer also includes a back surface, oppositely disposed from the front surface. The at least one channel is at least partially enclosed by the back surface. In some aspects, the thrust washer includes a front piece and a back piece matingly engaged and configured to form the at least one channel. The front and back pieces are fixedly secured or removably secured.

Abstract: A turbine hub has a through-hole extending through it in the axial direction. This through-hole is provided such that a portion of a thrust bearing covers part of the through-hole when the thrust bearing has been properly assembled onto the turbine hub, which enables assembly of the thrust bearing to be checked by the relative position relationship between the through-hole and the thrust bearing. If a portion of the thrust bearing does not cover part of the through-hole, it can be determined that either the thrust bearing is not assembled or that it has not been assembled properly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a control apparatus for an engine-powered forklift. The control apparatus of the present invention includes a mode detecting means for detecting whether the forklift is in a traveling mode or a working mode, and a controller, which controls the engine of the forklift such that, when the forklift is in the traveling mode, the output of the engine is restricted from increasing to a preset output value or more, and, when the forklift is in the working mode, the output of the engine is allowed to increase to the preset output value or more.

Abstract: A control valve device (1) for the control of a dual-action consumer (2) has a control valve (3) that controls the connection of a pressure fluid line (6a) that forms the admission side of the consumer (2) with a pump and an additional pressure fluid line (6b) that forms the return side of the consumer (2) with a reservoir. A regeneration function allows the return side of the consumer (2) to be connected with the admission side of the consumer (2). The regeneration function has a short circuit device (10) located between the consumer (2) and the control valve (3). For the regeneration function, the connection of the additional pressure fluid line (6b) that forms the return side of the consumer (2) with the reservoir can be blocked by a shutoff valve device (20) located between the consumer (2) and the control valve (3).

Abstract: Cushion chambers (8) disposed in the vicinity of both ends of a hydraulic cylinder (1) to throttle inflow or outflow of an operating oil caused by a piston (5) moving close to a piston stroke end, pressure sensors (16, 17) to detect pressures in the cushion chambers (8), and a control valve (13) disposed in a passage to supply/drain the operating oil to and from oil chambers (6, 7) of the hydraulic cylinder (1) for varying a flow amount of the operating oil are provided. A controller (9) varies an opening degree of the control valve (13) within a piston stroke end range based upon outputs of the pressure sensors (16, 17), adjusts a cushion pressure and controls a moving speed of the piston (5). Thereby deceleration degrees of the piston (5) can be freely adjusted within the piston stroke end range based upon a change of the operating conditions of the hydraulic cylinder (1).

Abstract: A hydrostatic drive system comprising at least one hydropump (100) and at least two hydromotors (104,109). The hydropump (100) divides its total hydraulic fluid flow into at least two partial hydraulic fluid flows which are respectively pumped in the form of a partial pump train (101,102) in a common cylinder drum (23) of the hydropump (100). The first connection (103) of a first hydromotor (104), which drives a first drive train (105), is connected to the first connection (38) of the first partial pump train (101) of the hydropump (100) and the second connection (107) thereof is connected to the second connection (38?) of the first pump train (101) of the hydropump (100).

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus for being mounted on the body frame of a vehicle and for independently rotating drive wheel members. The axle driving apparatus includes a first axle driving unit (18L) having a housing (40) and a single axle (20L), the single axle (20L) defining a proximal end portion rotatably mounted in the housing (40) and a distal end portion extending outwardly from a first side of tile housing (40). An enlarged region is defined by the housing (40), with the enlarged region extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the single axle (20L). A hydraulic stepless speed change assembly (22) is disposed within the enlarged region. The speed change assembly (22) includes a hydraulic pump (52) having an input shaft (21) projecting from the enlarged region aid includes a hydraulic motor (55) including an output shaft (74) drivingly connected to the single axle (20L).

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus for being mounted on the body frame of a vehicle and for independently rotating drive wheel members. The axle driving apparatus includes a first axle driving unit (18L) having a housing (40) and a single axle (20L), the single axle (20L) defining a proximal end portion rotatably mounted in the housing (40) and a distal end portion extending outwardly from a first side of the housing (40). An enlarged region is defined by the housing (40), with the enlarged region extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the single axle (20L). A hydraulic stepless speed change assembly (22) is disposed within the enlarged region. The speed change assembly (22) includes a hydraulic pump (52) having an input shaft (21) projecting from the enlarged region and includes a hydraulic motor (55) including an output shaft (74) drivingly connected to the single axle (20L).

Abstract: There is provided a pump unit including plurality of hydraulic pumps respectively fluidly connected to plurality of hydraulic motors, which are disposed away from the pump unit, so as to form closed circuits, the pump unit including a pump case accommodating the plurality of hydraulic pumps so that the plurality of hydraulic pumps are operatively driven by a common power source; and a filter mounted at the pump case so as to be inserted in a charge passage for replenishing operation fluid from a fluid sump to the closed circuits.

Abstract: A compressor for a power system is disclosed. The compressor has a compressor wheel rotatable to compress a fluid, and a compressor housing at least partially enclosing the compressor wheel. The compressor housing has a first volute and a second volute. The first volute is configured to direct an exhaust gas radially inward to the compressor wheel. The second volute is configured to direct a mixture of the exhaust gas and air radially outward from the compressor wheel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tyre pressure regulating system for regulating the pressure of tyres (16) mounted on a vehicle. Said tyre pressure regulating system (10) comprises a compressed air source. The vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine (20) provided with a turbocharger (22) as a compressed air source for the tyre pressure regulating system (10). In order to obtain a sufficiently high tyre pressure and to be able to fill the tyres (16) in a relatively rapid manner, the turbocharger (22) has a variable geometry.

Abstract: In a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine including a compressor wheel which is rotatably mounted in a compressor inlet duct and an auxiliary rotor wheel arranged so as to be movable axially between a coupled position in engagement with the compressor wheel and a decoupled position, disengaged from the compressor wheel, an adjustable guide vane structure is provided which is movable by an adjusting element together with the auxiliary rotor wheel and a contoured flow control ring for controlling the combustion air flow to the compressor wheel and to the auxiliary rotor wheel.

Abstract: An exemplary compressor housing includes an axis to coincide with a rotational axis of a compressor wheel housed by the compressor housing, an inlet insert that includes an inlet port and a compressor wheel shroud portion that extends away from the inlet port to a ridge and a base component that defines, at least in part, a diffuser section and a scroll wherein the diffuser section extends radially outward to the scroll, wherein the ridge of the inlet insert defines, at least in part, an inlet to the diffuser section and wherein a joint exists between the inlet insert and the base component along a radius in the diffuser section. Various other exemplary technologies are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for determining the rotary speed of a compressor, e.g., a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine, includes detecting the pressure in a region that is downstream from the compressor and generating a corresponding pressure signal. The rotary speed of the compressor is obtained from periodic fluctuations of at least one component of the pressure signal.

Abstract: A system for controlling intake pressure of a combustion engine operably coupled to a power generation system includes at least one turbocharger operably coupled to the intake system of the combustion engine. The at least one turbocharger is configured to increase the intake pressure in the intake system of the combustion engine. A turbocharger controller is configured to compare actual and desired intake pressures and control operation of the at least one turbocharger based on the comparison such that the turbocharger supplies a desired intake pressure to the combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for operating a gas turbine engine, including a first compressor, a second compressor, a combustor and a turbine, coupled together in serial flow arrangement, and an intercooler coupled between the first compressor and the second compressor, the intercooler including a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger. The method includes channeling compressed airflow from the first compressor to the first heat exchanger, extracting energy from the compressed airflow using a first working fluid flowing through the first heat exchanger to facilitate reducing an operating temperature of the compressed airflow and to facilitate increasing an operating temperature of the first working fluid, and channeling the first working fluid to a process heat exchanger, and channel the compressed airflow form the first heat exchanger to the second compressor.

Abstract: A combustor assembly for a turbine engine includes an aft open end that communicates gas flow to a turbine assembly. The combustor assembly includes a liner assembly that terminates at a first fixed vane. A portion of the liner assembly extends an axial distance into the first fixed vane portion. An inner surface of the liner assembly corresponds with inner surfaces of the fixed vane portion to provide a smooth transition from the inner surfaces of the combustor assembly to the turbine assembly.

Abstract: A combustor liner assembly includes an outer shell made of a ceramic composite and an inner heat shell that is supported within the outer shell. The inner heat shield defines a surface that is exposed to combustion gases. The inner heat shield is made of material that is compatible with the ceramic matrix composite and that provides favorable thermal gradient capability for a combustion chamber.

Abstract: A detonation chamber for a pulse detonation combustor including: a plurality of dimples disposed on at least a portion of an inner surface of the detonation chamber wherein the plurality of dimples enhance a turbulence of a fluid flow through the detonation chamber

Abstract: A combustor assembly is provided that includes a forward annular liner, an aft annular liner, and a stator. The forward annular liner has an inner annular edge and an outer annular edge. The aft annular liner is spaced apart from the forward annular liner to form a combustion chamber. The aft annular liner has an inner annular edge and an outer annular edge. The stator has a forward end and an aft end. The stator forward end includes an inner annular edge and an outer annular edge. The stator forward end inner annular edge is coupled to the aft annular liner outer annular edge via a first bayonet mount system, and the stator forward end outer annular edge is coupled to the forward annular liner outer annular edge via a second bayonet mount system.

Abstract: The device (10) for continuous generation of cold and heat by the magneto-calorific effect, comprises a chamber (11), divided into two adjacent compartments (12, 13), separated by a wall (14). The chamber (11) contains a rotating element (15) made from at least one magneto-calorific material, a first circuit (17a) with a first heat exchange fluid circulating therein and a second circuit (17b) with a second heat exchange fluid circulating therein. The chamber (11) is connected to magnetic device (16) for generating a magnetic field in the region of the compartment (12) in which the rotating element (15) is located. When the above is set in rotation the part thereof located in the first compartment (12) is magnetized upon undergoing an increase in temperature. On passing into the second compartment (13), the part is demagnetized upon undergoing a cooling.

Abstract: Apparatuses and associated methods and systems to provide localized cooling to a microelectronic device are generally described. In this regard, according to one example embodiment, a microelectronic cooling apparatus comprising a microelectronic device thermally coupled to one or more thermally conductive pin(s) provides cooling to one or more hot spot(s) of the microelectronic device.

Abstract: A liquid fuel storage system to be mounted on an electric motorcar has a first storage container for storing liquid fuel such as liquid hydrogen, one or more heat exchangers performing heat exchange between air and the liquid fuel or fuel gas vaporized from the liquid fuel, a second storage container, and a low temperature air supply line. The second storage container surrounds the outer periphery of the first storage container and stores the liquid air obtained by the heat exchange. An air conditioning system and/or a cold container that are mounted on the electric motorcar use the air supplied through the low temperature air supply line.

Abstract: Liquefied hydrocarbon gas carried by a tanker (78) is transferred to an import terminal (10) where the liquefied gas is heated to vaporize it and to heat the cold gas to at least ?30° C. but preferably about 0° C., with the warmed gas transferred to a gas receiving facility (20, 83). Vaporizing and heating is accomplished by using a large number (more than 10) of vertically mounted air vaporizers (84) of a known type, which use environmental air that flows down the exterior of the finned tubes in which the liquefied or cold gas flows. In the present invention a large number of individual vaporizers are positioned in close proximity to each other, i.e. within a distance that is smaller than half the vertical height of the vaporizer tubes. Their close proximity allows many units to be installed on a small plot space, and also affects their thermal performance.

Abstract: In a cryo pump 20 that is used in a process chamber 10 into which a process gas is introduced and that includes a first-stage panel, a heat shield plate 24, and a second-stage panel 28, a notch for allowing for entrance of gas molecules and an additional shield 34 for preventing entrance of heat due to radiation from a room-temperature cryo pump chamber are provided in the heat shield plate 24. Thus, lowering of a performance of the cryo pump caused by the process gas getting between the cryo pump chamber and the heat shield plate can be prevented.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising water and at least one ionic liquid, and also to devices capable of executing an absorption cycle using such compositions as a refrigerant pair. This invention also provides a method of cooling using an absorption cycle comprising water as the refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid as the absorbent. The present invention also provides a method of heating using an absorption cycle comprising water as the refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid.

Abstract: A defrosting method of an air conditioner is disclosed. The air conditioner has an indoor unit having an indoor heat-exchanger, an indoor blower fan, an auxiliary heater, an outdoor unit having an outdoor heat-exchanger, a compressor, an expansion device, and an outdoor blower fan, and a four-way valve to selectively switch a circulation direction of a refrigerant between the indoor unit and the outdoor unit such that the air conditioner is operated in a heating cycle when the four-way valve is turned off and the air conditioner is operated in a refrigerating cycle when the four-way valve is turned on. The defrosting method is selectively determined according to the number of the heating cycles of the air conditioner.

Abstract: A storing section 49 stores data of a pull down cooling characteristic indicative of a time-varying mode of reduction in a target temperature drop. For example, when this is a linear function line xp, a target internal temperature drop degree takes a constant value Ap, irrespective of an operating time. An actual temperature drop degree Sp is computed on the basis of the detected internal temperature. The computed value Sp is compared with a target value Ap read from the storing section 49. When the computed value Sp is less than the target value Ap, a rotational speed of an inverter compressor 32 is increased via an inverter circuit 55. When the computed value Sp is larger than the target value Ap, the rotational speed of the compressor 32 is decreased. The speed increases and decreases are repeated so that pull down cooling is performed along the linear line xp.

Abstract: The invention provides an air conditioner that is capable of performing optimal control in accordance with the environment of an indoor space at startup, and a method of controlling such. The air conditioner forms a refrigerant circuit, having a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, thermistors, humidity sensors, a temperature sensor, ventilation fans, a compressor, a casing, a control unit, and the like. The control unit is connected to the temperature sensor, the humidity sensors, a storage unit, a timer, a manual input unit, air passageway switching mechanisms, a four-way switching valve, and an expansion valve. In the stage before the air conditioner starts normal operation after startup, the control unit performs a priority control operation that prioritizes either the sensible heat process or the latent heat process.

Abstract: A refrigerator in which a two-stage-compression mode power-variable refrigerant circuit having a freezer cooler and fresh-food cooler is controlled in accordance with information on temperature in the fresh-food compartment. Thus, each of the freezer and fresh-food compartment is properly controlled at a temperature for storing. The refrigerant circuit includes an inverter-driven power-variable compressor having a low-pressure compression element and a high-pressure compression element, a switching valve disposed downstream of a condenser receiving gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor and selecting and controlling channel and flow rate of the refrigerant, and a freezer cooler and a fresh-food cooler, each connected with the switching valve through a pressure reducer. A frequency of the compressor is decided by a temperature in the freezer compartment and its target temperature.

Abstract: A method of temperature control in a cryogenic temperature control apparatus. The method includes operating the cryogenic temperature control apparatus in a first mode, and delivering a first flow rate of cryogen from a storage tank to an evaporator coil in the first mode. The cryogenic temperature control apparatus is operated in a second mode after operating the cryogenic temperature control apparatus in the first mode for a predetermined time duration. A second flow rate of cryogen that is lower than the first flow rate is delivered to the evaporator coil in the second mode.

Abstract: A heat transfer engine having cooling and heating modes of reversible operation, in which heat can be effectively transferred within diverse user environments for cooling, heating and dehumidification applications. The heat transfer engine of the present invention includes a rotor structure which is rotatably supported within a stator structure. The stator has primary and secondary heat exchanging chambers in thermal isolation from each other. The rotor has primary and secondary heat transferring portions within which a closed fluid flow circuit is embodied. The closed fluid flow circuit within the rotor has a spiraled fluid-return passageway extending along its rotary shaft, and is charged with a refrigerant which is automatically circulated between the primary and secondary heat transferring portions of the rotor when the rotor is rotated within an optimized angular velocity range under the control of a temperature-responsive system controller.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling a discharge pressure of a compressor relative to a suction pressure of the compressor. The discharge pressure and suction pressure of the compressor are monitored and compared with a predetermined maximum pressure ratio of discharge pressure to suction pressure. If the pressure ratio of discharge pressure to suction pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure ratio limit less than the maximum pressure ratio, a controller unloads the compressor. The predetermined pressure ratio limit is determined relative to the measured suction pressure. The discharge pressure and suction pressure are further monitored and the compressor is inhibited from being reloaded for a predetermined time delay. After the predetermined time delay has elapsed, the compressor is reloaded only if i) the discharge pressure falls below a predetermined reload pressure and ii) the chiller system requires additional cooling capacity.

Abstract: The provided air conditioning system includes a self-sustained power supply apparatus, a motor coupled to the apparatus and receiving a first power supply, a first transmission system coupled to the motor and transmitting a first kinetic energy, a second transmission system coupled to the engine of a transportation tool and transmitting a second kinetic energy, a compressor coupled to one of the first transmission system and the second transmission system, receiving one of the first kinetic energy and the second kinetic energy and generating an air conditioning operation to an inner air of the transportation tool, and a switching apparatus coupled to a second power supply and employed to make one of the following results happen: the first transmission system is connected to the compressor, the second transmission system is connected to the compressor and the first and the second transmission systems are both separated from the compressor.

Abstract: Method and Apparatus for Combining a Heat Pump Cycle With A Power Cycle. The working fluid for the heat pump cycle will be different than that for the power cycle.

Abstract: A first embodiment of this new invention is a portable free standing after market lighting fixture for installation into ice bins to illuminate the stored ice therein. The super bright solid state light emitting diodes, (LEDs), emit colored illumination that is reflected by all of the random reflecting and refracting surfaces of the stored ice pieces in the bin. The super bright LEDs provide abundant colored light with little heat to dissipate, therefore loss of ice due to fixture heat is negligible. A second embodiment of this invention relates to the installation of LEDs into original equipment manufacturing of ice bins. Colored illumination of ice in an ice bin creates a very pleasing effect appreciated by most viewers.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a storage space that is cooled by a refrigerant, a compressor that compresses the refrigerant, and a condensate evaporation device. The condensate evaporation device includes a container that contains condensate that flows out of the storage space, a heat exchange device that is adapted to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the condensate, a chamber that is positioned above the container, a condensate spraying device that is adapted to spray condensate within the chamber and a blower that induces air flow within the chamber, so that evaporated condensate is exhausted from the chamber. The condensate evaporation device is positioned adjacent the compressor, and air out of the chamber is guide to the compressor.

Abstract: An automatic draining apparatus of condensation comprises a condensation tank; a float moving up/down along the level of the condensation; a hydraulic pressure chamber consisting of a volume changeable container for containing the condensation, and a check valve provided at an inlet of the hydraulic pressure chamber, the check valve allowing the condensation to flow only into the container, the rising float pulling up the hydraulic pressure chamber so that the volume of the container is reduced and the condensation of the container is pressurized; and a siphon having an inlet connected to the hydraulic pressure, and an outlet being provided at outside and a level of the outlet placing at a lower level of the inlet, the siphon draining the condensation into the outside when the siphon is filled with the condensation discharged from the compressed hydraulic pressure chamber.

Abstract: A two-phase liquid vapor enclosure is described. The enclosure includes an atomizer to spray fluid onto a heat evaporator surface. Fluid flows through a nozzle which atomizes the fluid into very small droplets. These small droplets vaporize upon reaching the heated evaporator surface. Once the vapor condenses to liquid, the liquid travels within the enclosure to recirculate to the atomizer.

Abstract: An air conditioner according to the present invention prevents freezing of an outdoor heat exchanger in heating operation. A refrigeration cycle is formed by sequentially connecting a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, an indoor heat exchanger 3, a pressure reducing device 4, and an outdoor heat exchanger 5. In the refrigeration cycle, a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor 1 flows through a receiver tank 6 before supplied for indoor heating. The receiver tank 6 is placed in the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and thus heat from the receiver tank 6 through which the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows can be used to prevent freezing of a fin or a tube 10 in the outdoor heat exchanger 5, thereby ensuring heating performance.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a vehicle includes a first refrigeration cycle, an expander, and a second refrigeration cycle. The first refrigeration cycle includes a first compressor, a first radiator, a first pressure reducer, an evaporator, and a gas/liquid separator. The expander is disposed on a first fluid communication path between the first radiator and the first pressure reducer. The second refrigeration cycle, which is provided as a cascade cycle, includes a second compressor powered by energy harnessed from adiabatic expansion of the refrigerant at the expander, thereby obviating the need for an additional power source for the second refrigeration cycle. A heat exchanger further is provided on a second fluid communication path in the second refrigeration cycle. The heat exchanger is configured to provide a heat exchange between refrigerant disposed within each of the respective first and second fluid communication paths.

Abstract: A cabinet for holding food having a housing and a plurality of slots is provided. A tray is receivable in each of the plurality of slots for receiving food. A controller is operatively associated with each of the plurality of slots to independently control cooking instructions for each of the plurality of slots. A cabinet for holding food having a housing with a plurality of slots is provided. A tray is receivable in each of the plurality of slots for receiving food. The cabinet has an inputting device and a controller, wherein the controller receives instructions from the inputting device to control cooking instructions in each of the plurality of slots.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerator having a dispenser. In the present invention, the dispenser is provided in a concave portion of a door to be exposed toward a front surface of the door. A water tank is installed between a rear surface of the dispenser and a door liner defining a rear surface of the door. The water tank stores the water delivered from an external water supply source while the water in maintained at a relatively low temperature and then discharges the water to the outside through the dispenser. Furthermore, in the present invention, a nozzle, through which the water is discharged from the water tank, is directly connected to a drainpipe of the dispenser, so that users may always take out the water maintained at a constant temperature.