Abstract: Structural modification using electron beam activated chemical etch (EBACE) is disclosed. A target or portion thereof may be exposed to a gas composition of a type that etches the target when the gas composition and/or target are exposed to an electron beam. By directing an electron beam toward the target in the vicinity of the gas composition, an interaction between the electron beam and the gas composition etches a portion of the target exposed to both the gas composition and the electron beam. Structural modifications of the target may be conducted by means of etching due to interaction between the electron beam and gas composition.

Abstract: Etch selectivity enhancement during electron beam activated chemical etch (EBACE) is disclosed. A target or portion thereof may be exposed to a gas composition of a type that etches the target when the gas composition and/or target are exposed to an electron beam. By directing an electron beam toward the target in the vicinity of the gas composition, an interaction between the electron beam and the gas composition etches a portion of the target exposed to both the gas composition and the electron beam. Selectivity of etching of the target due to interaction between the electron beam and gas composition may be enhanced in a number of ways.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for plasma treating a substrate. This has a chamber (2) and a plasma generator (4) which forms a plasma from one or more gases flowing within the chamber so as to produce one or more species for interacting with a substrate (8) placed within the chamber. A guide (12) is provided for directing the gas flow containing the species towards the substrate (8). When in use, the width of the plasma is greater than that of the substrate by an amount defining an outer region of plasma. The guide is adapted to direct the species from at least substantially all of the outer region of the plasma towards the substrate. A corresponding method of plasma treatment is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal line is provided. A first metal layer and a second metal layer protecting the first metal layer are formed on a base substrate. The first metal layer includes aluminum or aluminum alloy. A photoresist pattern having a linear shape is formed on the second metal layer. The first and second metal layers are dry-etched using etching gas and the photoresist pattern as an etching mask. An etching material is removed from the base substrate, to prevent corrosion of the dry-etched first metal layer. Therefore, the source metal pattern without corrosion may be formed through a dry-etching process so that a manufacturing cost is decreased.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of selective etching a first material on a substrate with a high selectivity towards a second material by flowing a liquid etchant across a substrate surface at a flow sufficient fast to generate a minimum mean velocity v parallel to the substrate's surface.

Abstract: A surface of a semiconductor wafer which has been lapped is ground. This removes a damage caused on the wafer surface during lapping, thereby increasing the flatness of the wafer surface. Next, the wafer is subjected to composite etching and the both surfaces are polished, i.e., subjected to mirror polishing while the wafer rear surface is slightly polished so as to obtain a single-side mirror surface wafer having a difference between the front and the rear surfaces. As compared to mere acid etching or alkali etching, it is possible to manufacture a single-side mirror surface wafer having a higher flatness.

Abstract: A slurry composition for chemical-mechanical polishing capable of compensating nanotopography effect present on the surface of a wafer, and a method for planarizing the surface of a semiconductor device that utilizes the same are disclosed. The slurry composition of the present invention is aimed at compensating the nanotopography effect during chemical mechanical polishing process of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the wafer, and contains abrasive particles and an additive, wherein the size of the abrasive particles and the concentration of the additive are controlled within predetermined ranges in order to control the deviation of thickness (OTD) of the oxide layer below a certain level after the chemical mechanical polishing process.

Abstract: The gas exhaust comprises a generally cylindrical shaped casing (26) closed by a bottom (18, 22) at one end and with openings (30) to allow gas to escape. A duct (16) is arranged in the casing (26) to delimit a central passage inside the duct, and an annular passage (42) surrounding the central passage (40) outside the duct between it and the casing (26). There is a communication consisting of four holes (20) in the duct (16) close to the bottom (18) to form a communication between the central passage (40) inside the duct (16) and the annular passage (42). The casing (26) includes two diametrically opposite openings (30) located in a horizontal plane.

Abstract: A high or medium voltage electrical switch, particularly a GIS type isolating switch with three switching positions and a grounding position, includes a switching element in a closed and sealed enclosure that can be filled with a dielectrically insulating gas, containing a mobile switching element free to move along an axial direction to electrically connect two conducting bars at intervals from each other, and also including a fixed ground contact to be electrically connected to one of the two conducting bars through the switching element when the switch is in the grounding position. The fixed ground contact is offset from the path of the switching element along the axial direction and the switching element forms a Y with a contact pin such that the contact pin and the fixed ground contact engage in each other through displacement of the switching element along the axial direction.

Abstract: According to the invention a pair of tubes are provided, one of greater diameter than the other so that the tubes can be telescoped together. An annular inward facing projection is formed on the outer tube for contact with the outside surface of the inner tube when the tubes are telescoped together. An annular outer facing projection is formed on the inner tube for contacting with the inside surface of the outer tube when the tubes are telescoped together. An adhesive-sealer is placed on one of the tubes for contacting with the other tube when the tubes are telescoped together. After the tubes are telescoped together weld current is conducted through the tubes to weld the annular projections to the respective opposing tube in contact therewith and at least partially cure the adhesive-sealer.

Abstract: A spool gun having a quick connector connectable to an electrical power source and a gas source is disclosed. A connection line extends from the spool gun and is attached to a connector. The connector both fluidly connects the spool gun to a shielding gas source and electrically connects the spool gun to a power source constructed to generate a welding-type power. Such a spool gun is quickly and efficiently connectable to the gas and power systems required for performing welding processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser processing method comprising the steps of attaching a protective tape 25 to a front face 3 of a wafer 1a, irradiating a substrate 15 with laser light L while employing a rear face of the wafer 1a as a laser light entrance surface and locating a light-converging point P within the substrate 15 so as to form a molten processed region 13 due to multiphoton absorption, causing the molten processed region 13 to form a cutting start region 8 inside by a predetermined distance from the laser light entrance surface along a line 5 along which the object is intended to be cut in the wafer 1a, attaching an expandable tape 23 to the rear face 21 of the wafer 1a, and expanding the expandable tape 23 so as to separate a plurality of chip parts 24 produced upon cutting the wafer 1a from the cutting start region 8 acting as a start point from each other.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a laser irradiation apparatus and a laser irradiation method for conducting a laser process homogeneously to the whole surface of a semiconductor film. A first laser beam emitted from a first laser oscillator passes through a slit and a condensing lens and then enters an irradiation surface. At the same time, a second laser beam emitted from a second laser oscillator is delivered so as to overlap the first laser beam on the irradiation surface. Further, the laser beams are scanned relative to the irradiation surface to anneal the irradiation surface homogeneously.

Abstract: Systems and methods for blind brazing a joining layer positioned between two workpieces. A radiation source emits radiation through one of the workpieces onto the joining layer. The radiation source emits radiation at a wavelength absorbed by the joining layer but not substantially absorbed by the workpiece material. In one embodiment, workpieces are heated to a predicted operating temperature prior to emitting radiation onto the joining layer.

Abstract: To improve the cutting properties, especially the cutting rate, of thin flat glass by means of a laser cutting beam from a Nd:YAG solid-state laser, the flat glass is provided during its manufacture with at least one additive ingredient that effectively absorbs radiation at a wavelength of 1.064 ?m. Preferably the additive ingredient is preferably samarium oxide (Sm2O3). A method of cutting through a flat glass sheet whose composition contains at least one additive ingredient that absorbs a significant amount of radiation at a wavelength of 1.064 ?m, which includes cutting the flat glass sheet with the focused radiation of a Nd:YAG laser, is also part of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a laser hardening tool having little laser output loss. The laser hardening tool 100 condenses the irradiated beams LB1 from a semiconductor laser stack 120 via a condensing optical lens 134, and creates parallel light beams LB3 via a diverging optical lens 142. The laser beams LB4 having been bent by a first mirror 160 travels through an optical waveguide 150 having a rectangular cross-sectional shape. The laser beams LB5 having been condensed by a re-condensing optical lens 170 are irradiated through a nozzle 190 to subject a work to hardening. The number of reflections of the laser beams LB4 in the angular optical waveguide 150 is small, and thus the loss of laser output is reduced.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the processing of a workpiece includes directing an incident laser beam onto the workpiece and measuring a signal emitted from the workpiece. At least two signals are generated by a detector based upon the emitted signal. A workpiece processing quality is determined based upon the ratio of the two output signals and a magnitude of one of the two outputs.

Abstract: A laser machining apparatus includes a supply device, a recycle device, an operating device, and a laser device. The supply device is adapted for outputting a fluid. The recycle device is adapted for receiving the fluid. The operating device includes a first guide member and a second guide member. The first guide member communicates with the supply device. The second guide member communicates with the recycle device and has one end in communication with the first guide member. The laser device is adapted for generation of a laser beam passing through the operating device and projecting onto the workpiece. In light of this, the fluid flows into the first guide member after outputted from the supply device and then cooperates with the laser beam to machine the workpiece; finally, the fluid flows through the second guide member and then into the recycle device.

Abstract: A welding apparatus includes a workpiece housing having a window therethrough and having a welding access therethrough for a welder to an interior of the workpiece housing. The workpiece housing is metallic with a heat insulation on an internal surface thereof. A lamp heat source is directed through the window and at the workpiece in the interior of the workpiece housing. A gas source delivers a controllable flow of a shielding gas to the interior of the workpiece housing. A temperature sensor senses a temperature of the workpiece within the interior of the workpiece housing. A feedback controller controls the power to the lamp heat source responsive to the temperature of the workpiece. To perform welding, the workpiece is placed into the interior of workpiece housing to have its temperature sensed by the temperature sensor, and the gas source is operated to envelope the workpiece in the shielding gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rod transporting device for transporting a welding rod (13) from a rod supply to a point of consumption, and to a method for transporting a welding rod (13). The aim of the invention is to provide a device or a method of the aforementioned kind which can be produced at low costs and carried out easily, respectively, and which allow for a reverse movement of the rod can at rapid reaction times and for an automatic adaptation to welding rods (13) having different diameters. For this purpose, at least one transport element (33) is linked with a drive (37) and at least one additional transport element (33) with the welding rod (13) in a non-positive and/or positive manner, and at least one element (28) for adaptation to the diameter of the welding rod is mounted so as to be displaceable. The transport elements are preferably configured as balls and the drive is a drive sleeve in which the elements are centered and engage with a threaded section of the drive sleeve.

Abstract: A portable wire feeder for providing welding wire and welding current to a welding operation includes an input electrically connected to a power source. An output is electrically connected to the input to receive welding current delivered to the input from the power source and to provide the welding current and welding wire to the welding operation through a guide hose. A motorized wire feeding system includes a motor and a feed roll driven by the motor to direct the wire from a wire supply to the output for provision of the welding wire to the welding operation through the guide hose. Power for the motorized wire feeding system is drawn from the welding current passed from the input to the output. A grounding assembly nonattachably contacts a work piece of the welding operation to electrically ground the power drawn from the welding current directly to the work piece.

Abstract: An electric arc welder for depositing weld metal along a groove between two edges of a metal workpiece. The welder comprises: a leading electrode driven toward a point in the groove by a first wire feeder operated at a first speed by a first motor with a speed control input and a tachometer derived first feedback signal, a trailing electrode driven toward the same point by a second wire feeder operated at a second speed by a second motor with a speed control input and a tachometer derived second feedback signal, a first power source directing a first current to flow through the leading electrode and a second power source causing a second current to flow through the trailing electrode with the current flow being in a series arc circuit. The second power source being grounded to the workpiece to modify the series arc current so ground current flows to the workpiece whereby the second current is generally equal to the first current minus the ground current.

Abstract: The present invention provides a component that exhibits a designed thermal response which may be used in an image forming apparatus. The component may include a roller that contacts a heating device such as a fuser.

Abstract: A wax burning device includes an electrically insulative and heat proof housing, a base with the housing mounted thereon, a heating element mounted in the housing, a resistor mounted in the heating element, a cord electrically interconnected the resistor and an external power source, a switch provided on the cord, a circuit board provided in the housing, and a light assembly including one or more LEDs formed on the circuit board and being electrically connected to the circuit board. Uniform light is emitted from the light assembly when the wax burning device is activating.

Abstract: A warming drawer for mounting within a cabinet capable of maintaining the temperature in the warming drawer at one of a proofing temperature, a warming temperature, and a slow cooking temperature. The warming drawer can also comprise a housing having opposing side walls and at least one spacer extending from each of the side walls to space the side walls from the cabinet when the warming drawer is mounted within the cabinet to form dead air spaces between the side walls and the cabinet.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus is provided that has an oven cooker and a cook-top cooker. Heat is radiated through a ventilation structure formed by an air inflow duct and an air discharge duct. Additionally, the air inflow duct and the air discharge duct may be stacked one on top of the other, and provided between the oven cooker and the cook-top cooker. Further, the air discharge duct is configured to communicate with an outside, e.g., via a blowing fan unit and an air guide. Further, a cooling capacity can be greatly improved by performing an optimal compulsory cooling according to an operation mode.

Abstract: An oven (10) for a gas generating system (C) of the type that includes an interior chamber (22), heating elements (12), at least one gas generating module (14) mounted within the interior chamber (22), an air inlet (26) providing an input source of air, and a product gas outlet (16) includes an air amplifier member (2) that is mounted within the interior chamber (22). The air amplifier (20) generates an amplification of the air flow characteristics of the input source of air as the input air is introduced into the interior chamber (22) of the oven (10). The amplification promotes the oven air recirculation improving thermal uniformity and air distribution inside the oven (10).

Abstract: An electric oven includes a housing having a cooking chamber for cooking food and a component chamber containing components for operating the electric oven. A door is provided on a front of the housing for selectively opening and closing the cooking chamber. A suction duct introduces external air from outside of the housing into the component chamber, and an exhaust duct with a sloped portion discharges air from the component chamber to outside of the housing.

Abstract: A warming drawer for mounting within a cabinet capable of maintaining the temperature in the warming drawer at one of a proofing temperature, a warming temperature, and a slow cooking temperature. The warming drawer can also comprise a housing having opposing side walls and at least one spacer extending from each of the side walls to space the side walls from the cabinet when the warming drawer is mounted within the cabinet to form dead air spaces between the side walls and the cabinet.

Abstract: A fast-cooking table top oven has a. a housing with four sides, a base and a top, one side being the front of the oven, a portion of the front being capable of opening as a door, and another side being the back of the oven; b. a first heating element capable of keeping the housing at over 700° F., the first heating element being situated in the base of the housing; c. a deck that sits on the base of the housing and above the first heating element, the deck being suitable for cooking a food; d. a thermostat for monitoring the temperature of the inside of the housing; e. a second heating element situated in the top of the housing, suitable for browning a top surface of the food; f. a button situated on the front side of the housing next to the door; and g.

Abstract: A heater controlling apparatus for controlling a heater that heats a sensing element of a gas sensor provided in an exhaust system of a diesel engine includes a device that changes a reference condition for controlling the heater after a start of the engine in a first operation based on an operational state before a stop of the engine in a second operation, which precedes the first operation.

Abstract: Methods for monitoring a heat treating atmosphere supply a preselected gas atmosphere at a preselected temperature to a heat treating furnace. The preselected temperature is not greater than a temperature at which wustite (FeO) forms. The methods sense the preselected gas atmosphere and the preselected temperature and compute a computed ratio of gaseous hydrogen H2 (g) to water vapor H2O (g) for the preselected atmosphere as a function of the sensed values.

Abstract: A graphical user interface adapted to enable a user to direct and control a cooking appliance. The graphical user interface generally enables a plurality of cooking appliance operations through associated layers of screens, such as a refrigerate operation, a cook now operation, a cook later operation, etc., and a plurality of cook settings, such as a bake setting, a roast setting, a broil setting, a warm setting, a convection bake setting, a convection roast setting, a convection broil setting, a convection defrost setting, etc. The graphical user interface is adapted to be integrated with and accessible through one or more of the cooking appliance, a handheld device, an Internet-accessible computer, etc.

Abstract: A system and method for electromagnetic surface treatment of a work piece has an electromagnetic pulse generator and an electromagnetic pulse tool. The work piece has a working surface. A current pulse generated by the electromagnetic pulse generator travels through the tool producing an electromagnetic pulse. The electromagnetic pulse interacts with the working surface causing an indentation to form. A residual compressive stress layer is also formed. The indentation has a smooth and continuous topography that is described by an indentation perimeter, an indentation transition region, an indentation sidewall, an impact transition region, and an impact region. The method may also simultaneously, or subsequently, form a second indentation which overlaps with the indentation. An inter-indentation overlap region is formed when the indentations overlap. The inter-indentation overlap region is smooth and continuous. Multiple treated surfaces may easily be formed on the working surface of the work piece.

Abstract: A spot-welding tool having at least one electrode for resistance welding of workpieces such as metal sheets. The spot welding tool has a pressure element for holding down the workpieces arranged on the electrode in a region of the electrode cap to prevent process-dependent warping or arching of the workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed a multifunction microwave oven with superheated steam and the control method thereof, so as to heat the food uniformly and to provide versatile heating modes including at least superheated steam mode, ordinary steam mode and convective hot flow mode.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cooking utensil, and more particularly, to an improved cooking utensil for use in cooking sliced pepperoni, salami or the like by microwave energy. The invention comprises a base that supports a cooking surface and lid, and collects the grease released during the cooking process.

Abstract: An electric oven includes a door and a compartment having an internal space that is selectively closed by the door. The door has a cooling air opening oil a surface facing the compartment, and the compartment has an intake opening configured to receive air exhausted through the cooling air opening. A shield element prevents foreign matter from entering into the door through the cooling air opening.

Abstract: A transformer assembly for a microwave oven having a magnetron, including a transformer to apply voltage to the magnetron of the microwave oven; a container receiving the transformer therein and having a base plate coupled to the microwave oven and a cover body coupled to the base plate; and a cooling material contained in the container to cool the transformer.

Abstract: A radio frequency welding system for flexible work pieces having a top-side and an underside. The welding system includes a fixed weld platform, a mobile radio frequency welder adapted to move over the fixed weld platform, movable welding electrodes configured over the fixed weld platform and adapted to engage the underside of the flexible work pieces and movable grounding apparatus adapted to engage the fixed weld platform and the mobile radio frequency welder so as to provide a return radio frequency electrical circuit.

Abstract: A pressure vessel liner includes a tubular trunk, and head plates for closing opposite end openings of the trunk. Provided inside the trunk is a reinforcing member integral with the trunk and extending longitudinally of the trunk for dividing the interior of the trunk into a plurality of spaces. The two head plates are joined respectively to opposite ends of the reinforcing member. The pressure vessel liner has an enhanced pressure resistant strength against longitudinal forces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat-insulated container made of an environment-protection material to contain food in a main body of the container while keeping temperature of the food.

Abstract: A collapsible container having a base with top and bottom surfaces, a plurality of support members, legs attached to the base and configured to support a second collapsible container placed on a first collapsible container and a plurality of side panels, wherein at least one of the side panels is configured to lock in place in at least one position, wherein at least one of the side panels has both a foldable portion and a fixed portion and wherein the system provides for load bearing members for securing another collapsible container or device on top of a first collapsible container in either the folded or the extended configuration. Some embodiments of the collapsible container include an anchor member configured to anchor the collapsible container to a surface. Methods of stacking and methods of manufacturing the above embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A bracket assembly for connecting an open-topped recyclables container having a side wall to a refuse container. The bracket assembly includes an elongated bracket having a generally c-shaped hook at one end and a reinforcing bar dimensioned to be connected generally transverse to the bracket. The reinforcing bar is for providing reinforcement to the side wall of the recyclables container.

Abstract: Stackable bin includes a housing defining a receptacle and having two pair of opposed walls defining an opening at a front leading into the receptacle, at least one pair of which have an inward taper with respect to a central axis of the housing. A partitioning structure is removably insertable into the receptacle through the opening and partitions the receptacle into a plurality of storage compartments. The partitioning structure has an inward taper corresponding to the inward taper of the opposed walls and frictionally engages the opposed walls to hinder unintentional removal of the partitioning structure from the receptacle. The removability of the partitioning structure enables the receptacle to be selectively partitioned into smaller storage spaces than a storage space without the partitioning structure which would occupy the entire receptacle. Use of the partitioning structure would be dependent on the objects sought to be stored by the user.

Abstract: A fluid supply assembly. The fluid supply assembly includes a disposable cup and lid, and a reusable shell and outer lid. A flexible, disposable cup, a reusable shell, and a method of preparing a fluid supply assembly for use with a fluid supply applicator are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluid reservoir for a paint spray gun, comprising a receptacle (1) and a lid that can be placed thereupon and is provided with a connecting element (3) in order to mount the fluid reservoir on the paint spray gun or an adapter. The receptacle (1) is provided with a ventilation hole (4) which can be sealed using a valve. In order to improve the tightness of the valve, said valve encompasses two valve seats for sealing the ventilation port (4), which are disposed one behind another in the direction of flow.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a package assembly for placing it on a surface and for storing and/or delivering substances, preferably dental substances, comprising: at least one container with at least one base and at least one lid; and at least one hinge connecting the base and the lid; wherein the base and the lid comprise at least a first and second lever; the first and second levers are provided at the container essentially on the side of the hinge and; a projection of the first lever onto the surface and the second lever extend with their free ends essentially in a direction away from the hinge; and wherein the container can be opened or the lid can be removed from the base by moving the ends of the first and second lever towards to each other. The invention is further directed to a method for providing dental substances, a kit with an assembly, as well as the use of an assembly and a method for storing and/or delivering dental substances.

Abstract: A tank has a pair of elongated, generally parallel, and hollow plastic chambers having longitudinally extending side walls and closed ends, and a transverse plastic connector tube having one end connected to and opening into one of the elongated chambers and an opposite end connected to and opening into the other of the elongated chambers.

Abstract: A beverage container comprising a substantially cylindrical outer layer, wherein the outer layer may comprise at least one aperture that may be filled by a transparent window, and a substantially cylindrical inner layer, wherein at least a portion of the inner layer may be transparent and configured to interlock the inner layer and the outer layer via the transparent window. The beverage container may further comprise a base cap and/or a removable top cover.