Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing multiple precursors to a manufacturing tool includes a fluidic manifold having a plurality of interconnected sub-manifolds, a plurality of tanks, each tank containing a different precursor, and wherein each of the sub-manifolds is connected to one of the tanks. A system for dispensing multiple precursors to a manufacturing tool includes a multiple precursor dispenser having a fluidic manifold and a plurality of tanks, each tank containing a different precursor and connected to a different sub-manifold of the fluidic manifold, the sub-manifolds being interconnected, a manufacturing tool fluidic processor having a plurality of canisters, each canister containing a different precursor, wherein a first dispenser tank communicates with a first tool canister having the same precursor, and wherein a second dispenser tank communicates with a second tool canister having the same precursor. Related methods are also described herein.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus that enables an oxide layer and an organic layer to be removed efficiently. A substrate formed at its surface with an organic layer covered with the oxide layer is housed in a chemical reaction processing apparatus of the substrate processing apparatus, in which the oxide layer is subjected to chemical reaction with gas molecules, and thus a product is produced on the substrate surface. The substrate is heated in a chamber of a heat treatment apparatus of the substrate processing apparatus, whereby the product is vaporized and the organic layer is exposed. Microwaves are then introduced into the chamber into which oxygen gas is supplied, whereby there are produced oxygen radicals that decompose and remove the organic layer.

Abstract: A film forming apparatus is provided that can prevent source gases from reacting together before reaching the substrate being processed in the apparatus, minimize the influence of the radiation heat from the substrate, and make the gas behavior in the reaction chamber better for crystal film formation. The apparatus forms a film on a surface of a heated substrate 5 by causing a first source gas and a second source gas to react together. The apparatus has a processing chamber 1, in which the substrate 5 is placed. The processing chamber 1 is divided into a heating chamber 1a and a reaction chamber 1b by at least the substrate 5 so that the substrate surface can be exposed to the source gases in the reaction chamber 1b. The apparatus further has an exhaust duct 7, through which the exhaust gas can be discharged. The exhaust duct 7 faces the exposed substrate surface and connects with the reaction chamber 1b.

Abstract: A vacuum apparatus includes a first isolation chamber, a second isolation chamber, a vacuum source configured to extract air from the first and second isolation chambers, and an isolation valve unit, wherein the isolation valve unit is configured to close a flow path between the vacuum source and the first isolation chamber before opening a flow path between the vacuum source and the second isolation chamber when the first isolation chamber is in a vacuum state and the second isolation chamber is at a pressure higher than that of the first isolation chamber.

Abstract: A film-forming apparatus of the invention is a film-forming apparatus that includes: a processing container that defines a chamber, a pedestal arranged in the chamber, on which a substrate to be processed can be placed, a showerhead provided opposite to the pedestal, which has a large number of gas-discharging holes, a gas-supplying mechanism that supplies a process gas into the chamber through the showerhead, and a showerhead-temperature controlling unit that controls a temperature of the showerhead.

Abstract: A method for packing a solid organometallic compound into a container for packing the compound is provided, wherein the solid organometallic compound can be stably supplied to a vapor phase epitaxial growth apparatus such as an MOCVD apparatus at a constant concentration for a long period of time. In the method for packing a solid organometallic compound into a container for packing, the compound is composed of grains having a grain size of 8 mm or less and the grains of the compound essentially comprise grains having a grain size of 2.5 to 6 mm.

Abstract: A system for treating water for subsequent consumption by animals. Illustratively, the system includes a wastewater treatment facility configured to treat wastewater effluent from an egg washer for subsequent consumption by egg producing birds. Further illustratively, stormwater run off collected from the facility is treated for subsequent consumption by the birds.

Abstract: Provided are animal containment systems and components, including single-use animal containment cages and modular rack units. Also provided are methods for assembling and using components of the animal containment systems.

Abstract: The circular animal toilet enclosure of this invention has a bottom section removably coupled to a rotatable flywheel floorboard, a cover cylinder removably coupled to the bottom section, a top section removably coupled to the cover cylinder, and a means for controlling the enclosure. The rotatable flywheel floorboard has pivoting serrated portions for grinding excreta while the floorboard is rotating. The cover cylinder has fixed serrated portions aligned with the pivoting serrated portions for grinding excreta while said floorboard is rotating. The cover cylinder also has at least one door, and at least one shower head in fluid communication with a water supply, an upper ring, waste collection tube, and a second drive motor. The upper ring is in fluid communication with both the rotatable flywheel floorboard and the waste collection tube. The waste collection tube is in fluid communication with a sewer. The second drive motor is removably coupled to the rotatable flywheel floorboard.

Abstract: Two tub containers are piled together, inside upper top one storing litter of either very tiny stones or other tiny solid material, where cats can bury feces; in bottom of upper tub container making tiny seams and slits to let cats' urine pass downward to hygiene water in lower tub container, or to earth and lawn. Scoops are for use to remove dung away. As urine is not absorbed by the litter, but pass to elsewhere and dung can be picked away, this cat toilet can always be kept clean without necessity constantly to replace litter, this will be much more economic and easier to keep clean as well as to protect environment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a superior animal litter and floor coverings for human shelters, made solely from limed citrus peels. Because the litter uses one natural and recyclable product, it avoids the problems associated with other products made by processes which use non-recyclable products, require more than one substance to be mixed together, or rely upon wood or other potentially sharp objects which can injure the animal or pet. Instead, this product is produced by a process which takes citrus peels, a waste product so therefore one which is inexpensive and readily available, and processes it in an assembly line fashion with advanced machinery and processing techniques, such that it results in a naturally rounded object with no sharp ends or edges, which absorbs wetness from urine and feces and successfully masks the smell at the same time.

Abstract: A particulate non-clumping animal litter composition is disclosed. The composition comprises non-clumping absorbent particles bound to magnetically-attractable metal particles such that substantially all particles of the animal litter composition are attracted to a magnetic surface. The animal litter composition exhibits favorable properties such as absorbency, resiliency, homogeneity, and particle size. Methods of production for non-clumping animal litter compositions are also disclosed that employ sufficient shear to bind the non-clumping absorbent particulate material to the magnetically-attractable metal particles such that the animal litter compositions exhibit favorable properties. A method and apparatus for the collection of magnetically-attractable animal litter particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are animal containment systems and components, including single-use animal containment cages and modular rack units. Also provided are methods for assembling and using components of the animal containment systems.

Abstract: A device for milker teat washing includes a box-shaped body (1) containing two pairs of counter-rotating and partially overlapping brushes (2, 3, 4, 5). The box-shaped internal components, except the rotating ones, are products integral with a base stuck to the box-shaped body (1). Preferably, within the box-shaped body there are two pipes (11, 12) adapted to provide water feeding, disposed symmetrically with respect to the zone where the teat is inserted into the box-shaped body (1).

Abstract: Systems and methods for finding the position and shape of an animal using video are disclosed. The invention includes a system with a video camera coupled to a computer in which the computer is configured to automatically provide animal segmentation and identification, animal motion tracking (for moving animals), animal posture classification, and behavior identification. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may use background subtraction for animal identification and tracking, and a combination of decision tree classification and rule-based classification for posture and behavior identification. Thus, the present invention is capable of automatically monitoring a video image to identify, track and classify the actions of various animals and the animal's movements within the image. The image may be provided in real time or from storage.

Abstract: A harness apparatus that facilitates proximity control over two or more animals by the animal handler via a single leash. The single leash couples to the harness via a first swiveling connection. Two or more animals may then be attached to the harness via two or more swiveling connections. The swiveling action of each swiveling connection virtually eliminates the possibility of animal entanglement within the harness by allowing the harness to swivel in a direction that tracks the movement of the harnessed animals. The rigidity of a cross member of the harness maintains a minimum separation distance between each animal that is attached to the harness.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for providing a multi-functional fabric covered elastic tether. The fabric covered elastic tether comprises a tubular fabric member having an inner elastic member disposed within the tubular fabric member, at least one sliding loop connector connected at a selected location to the tubular fabric member, an adjustment clip operably associated with a first end of the tubular fabric member and the inner elastic member so as to form an adjustable loop end portion, an anchor connection clip operably associated with a second end portion of the tubular fabric member and the inner elastic member, and a safety stop connected at a predetermined position along the length of the tubular fabric member between the anchor connection clip and the adjustment clip for restricting the size of the adjustment loop end portion.

Abstract: A pet bootie is formed by a sleeve of pliable, disposable and liquid impervious material having a closed end for receiving an animal's paw and an open end. A loop of elastic material has an inner end secured to the sleeve at a predetermined distance from the open end of the sleeve and projecting outwardly from the sleeve. The loop is of predetermined extended length for allowing the loop to be extended around the sleeve and the animal's leg when the paw is inserted into the closed end of the sleeve, whereby the sleeve is secured in position.

Abstract: A pet bootie is formed by a sleeve of pliable, disposable and liquid impervious material having a closed end for receiving an animal's paw and an open end. A loop of elastic material has an inner end secured to the sleeve at a predetermined distance from the open end of the sleeve and projecting outwardly from the sleeve. The loop is of predetermined extended length for allowing the loop to be extended around the sleeve and the animal's leg when the paw is inserted into the closed end of the sleeve, whereby the sleeve is secured in position.

Abstract: The boiler of the invention has a circulating fluidized bed, uses solid fuels and the oxygen obtained by high temperature oxygen production membranes, and is characterized in that the membranes are placed in the bed. These membranes are, for example, of the OTM (Oxygen Transport Membranes) type. Since the membranes operate at over 700° C., their positioning in the outer bed is ideally selected because the temperature of the solids circulating in the outer bed is between 750 and 900° C. This is particularly remarkable because the operating temperature windows of the circulating fluidized bed coincide with the optimal temperature window of use of the membranes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the vaporization of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), having infrared burners 32A and 32B and primary and secondary heat exchangers 14 and 18, respectively. A float switch 16 prevents the carryover of liquid into the produced LPG vapor stream. Fuel lines 24A-C provide the burners with fuel, while burner panels 30A and 30B hold the burners in place. Pressure regulator 26 adjusts the pressure of the fuel line to the required burner fuel pressure. The primary heat exchanger is directly heated by infrared radiation, without the use of heat transfer media. The secondary heat exchanger increases the thermal efficiency of the vaporizer by recovering additional thermal energy that would otherwise be lost with the flue gasses.

Abstract: Suspended steam boiler, in which the steam boiler lower portion (5), having inclined tubes, is suspended from the steam boiler upper portion (1), having vertical tubes exclusively from the vertical tubes of the latter without additional external tensile or support elements.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus includes a thermostat that adjusts a feed rate of coolant to a radiator, estimating means that estimates a coolant temperature simulated value at least based on the detection value of an intake-air temperature sensor, and diagnosis means that diagnoses an operating state of the thermostat by comparing the detection value of a coolant temperature sensor, and the coolant temperature simulated value when a diagnosis condition is established. When a ratio of an integrated value of the simulated water temperature variation in an idle state to the integrated value of the simulated water temperature variation in a normal driving state is equal to or greater than an upper limit ratio XP, the diagnosis of the operating state of the thermostat is prohibited.

Abstract: A method of estimating temperature in an engine including estimating metal temperatures at each of a plurality of nodes and estimating a coolant temperature. The method further includes detecting a measured coolant temperature and determining a gain based on a difference between the estimated coolant temperature and the measured coolant temperature. The method adjusts the metal temperatures at each of the plurality of nodes based on the gain. The method estimates the metal temperatures of engine components without temperature sensors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multifunctional module for an internal-combustion engine, forming a structural assembly and incorporating the functions of cooling the exhaust gases, regulating the re-injection of the exhaust gases and regulating, at least in part, the circulation flows in the cooling circuit of said engine, said structural assembly being in the form of a constructional and functional unit intended to be fitted to the engine block and incorporating, on the one hand, at least a portion of an exhaust gas recirculation circuit and a heat exchanger for cooling said gases and, on the other hand, at least a portion of the engine cooling circuit, with at least the water-outlet housing, multifunctional module characterised in that the heat exchanger has a tank arranged in the region of an end of the constructional and functional unit and made from a synthetic thermoplastic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston pin bushing consisting of a brass alloy containing between 30 and 32.2 wt. % zinc. between 1.8 and 2.2 wt. % aluminium, between 1.8 and 2.2 wt. % manganese, between 1.4 an 2.2 wt. % nickel and between 1.4 and 2.0 wt. % iron, in addition to optional contaminant-related constituents with a respective maximum content of 0.2 wt. % and a maximum total content of 1 wt. %, the remaining percentage consisting of copper. The bushing is cut in the form of a longitudinal section from a continuously cast pipe, whose exterior has been previously machined and can be used without being subjected to a forging process following the cutting operation.

Abstract: A vehicle reservoir tank has an anti-spill chamber and an overflow channel. The anti-spill chamber has a body portion, an inlet at one end of the body portion and an outlet at another end of body portion. The anti-spill chamber is configured and arranged to restrict fluid flowing from a main reservoir chamber. The overflow channel has a first end portion, a second end portion and an intermediate curved portion. The first end portion is fluidly coupled to the outlet of the anti-spill chamber. The intermediate curved portion extends from the first end portion to the second end portion such that the second end portion of the overflow channel extends downwardly relative to the first end portion. The second end portion extends along an area of the body portion of the anti-spill chamber to restrict the flow from the anti-spill chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine which includes two parallel crankshafts positioned in crankcases, a cylinder positioned on a side of the crankcases, a piston movably disposed within the cylinder, and connecting rods linked to the piston and extending from respective crankshafts. Positions at which the two connecting rods are linked to the piston and the crankshafts are constantly kept symmetrical with respect to a cylinder axis when the two crankshafts rotate in opposite directions.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio device of an internal combustion engine includes a piston inner part connected to a connecting rod and a piston outer part fitted on an outer periphery of the piston inner part. The piston outer part is only slidably in an axial direction, and is movable between a low compression ratio position near the piston inner part and a high compression ratio position near the combustion chamber. A skirt part is slidable and is guided by an inner peripheral surface of a cylinder bore of an engine. The skirt part is integrally formed on the piston inner part. A peripheral wall of the piston outer part is terminated directly above the skirt part. Thus, switching of the position between the low compression ratio position and the high compression ratio position by an inertia force of the piston outer part is performed smoothly with a reduction in weight of the piston.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio device includes a piston having a piston inner part and a piston outer part. The piston outer part integrally includes ear parts facing opposite ends of a piston pin and having long holes with longer diameters directed in an axial direction of a piston. A shaft portion connected to the opposite ends of the piston pin is slidably fitted in the long holes to allow an axial relative movement between the piston inner part and the piston outer part, while preventing relative rotation between the piston inner part and the piston outer part. Thus, the variable compression ratio device reliably prevents the relative rotation between the piston inner part and the piston outer part with a simple structure, and reduces weight of the piston.

Abstract: In a control device for a hydraulic actuator, one end of an oil passage that is provided through a connecting rod, a crankshaft and a crankcase supporting the crankshaft is connected to a hydraulic chamber of a hydraulic actuator provided in a piston connected to the crankshaft via the connecting rod with the other end of the oil passage being connected to an oil reservoir and a hydraulic pressure source via a main switching valve. An auxiliary switching valve is provided in the connecting rod. The auxiliary switching valve causes a downstream side of the oil passage that leads to the hydraulic chamber to open into the crankcase when the main switching valve allows the oil passage to communicate with the oil reservoir.

Abstract: A pressure pulse generator includes a pressure pulse transmitting body displaceably arranged in a chamber divided by the body into a first and a second part, a first spring and a second spring, arranged to displace the body in a first direction and a second direction respectively in the chamber, a first conduit leading between a high pressure source and a first part of the chamber, wherein the pressure fluid in the first part acts on the body for displacing the latter in the second direction, and elements for opening/interrupting a communication between the first part and the high pressure source through the first conduit. The opening/interrupting elements interrupt communication while the body is displaced in the first direction from a predetermined starting position through a triggering of the first spring, and maintain communication while the body is displaced in the second displacement direction back to the starting position, whereby a biasing of the first spring is accomplished.

Abstract: A valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine including a drive cam, first and second swing cams, first and second motion transmission mechanisms and first and second valve actuating members. The first and second swing cams are provided with identical swing motion characteristic with respect to a rotation angle of the drive cam through the first and second motion transmission mechanisms. The first swing cam and the first valve actuating member cooperate with each other to provide a valve lift amount of the engine valve for the first group of cylinders with respect to a swing angle of the first swing cam which is identical to a valve lift amount of the engine valve for the second group of cylinders with respect to a swing angle of the second swing cam.

Abstract: An oil flow control valve (10) in a combustion engine is operated for affecting a cam phaser (26) disposed at an output side of said oil flow control valve (10). The cam phaser includes a spool (14) disposed in a spool housing (12). The method for operating the valve includes synchronising a displacement of said spool (14) in said housing (12) with combustion demands, and synchronising movement of said spool (14) with oil pressure characteristics on the output side of the oil flow control valve (10).

Abstract: The present invention describes a new rotor and a corresponding method of manufacture for a rotor according to the invention in which a sleeve as a structural component takes over oil guidance functions in addition to locking pin bearing functions, wherein the sleeve can be inserted in a vane of the rotor flush with the surface by means of a press fit.

Abstract: When an ignition switch is turned off, an ECU executes a program including the steps of: stopping an engine; setting a phase of an intake camshaft (or a phase in which an intake valve opens/closes) to be a maximally retarded phase; advancing the phase of the intake camshaft; detecting the phase of the intake camshaft as based on a number or rotations of an electric motor of an intake VVT mechanism changing the phase of the intake camshaft; and, if the phase detected as based on the number or rotations of the electric motor is advanced to a target phase, stopping changing the phase of the intake camshaft.

Abstract: A rocker arm 6 that is rockably attached to a cylinder head 1 actuates a valve 4 by means of a guide groove 73b that is formed at an end thereof engaging with an upper end of a valve stem 41, and a roller 8 that is mounted in a roller housing portion 72 of the arm main unit 7 contacting against a cam 31 and rocking. The guide groove 73b is formed by press working ends of the arm main unit 7 in the thickness direction of the plate material to form a pair of walls 73d, and thereafter applying sandwiching pressure in the lateral direction to the walls 73d to increase the height thereof.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine start controller in a vehicle that includes: a power source; an internal combustion engine that is started by using electric power supplied from the power source; a first motor; and a first electric power converter that is constructed so as to be able to perform electric power conversion between the power source and the first motor through switching control of power semiconductor elements is provided. The start controller includes: a start detecting device for detecting whether the engine is in a starting operation; and a first frequency setting device that, when the engine is in a starting operation, sets a switching frequency of the first electric power converter to a frequency lower than that used when the engine is not in a starting operation.

Abstract: A vehicle, such as a motorcycle, that includes an engine air intake arrangement with a variable length intake passage. The motorcycle includes an engine having an intake port. A fixed funnel delivers air to the intake port of the engine. A moveable funnel is positioned on the intake side of the fixed funnel and selectively cooperates with the fixed funnel to deliver air to the intake port of the engine. A parallel linkage moveably supports the moveable funnel relative to the fixed funnel. An air cleaner box, in which the fixed funnel and the moveable funnel are disposed, includes a protrusion at a portion that covers the moveable funnel and that prevents the occurrence of contact with the moveable funnel.

Abstract: A vehicle, such as a motorcycle, having an arrangement that inhibits the reduction of the fuel tank volume disposed to the rear of a moveable funnel that forms a portion of a variable length air intake. The vehicle includes an engine having an intake port. A fixed funnel introduces air to the intake port of the engine and a moveable funnel is position on the inlet side of the fixed funnel to selectively cooperate with the fixed funnel to deliver air to the intake port of the engine along with the fixed funnel. A parallel linkage moveably supports the moveable funnel. A fuel tank is disposed to the rear side of the moveable funnel and a motor that drives the parallel linkage is disposed on the opposite side to the fuel tank from the moveable funnel.

Abstract: A pair of intake collectors (1A, 1B) separated by a partition (4A) aspirates air into each cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine via branch pipes (3A-3F). A valve (8A, 8B) which shuts off the air flow between the intake collectors (1A, 1B) is fitted onto the partition (4A) via a valve frame (11) and a bearing boss (16A) provided on the valve frame (11). An edge of the partition (4A) is fitted into a groove (18) formed on the outer circumference of the valve frame (11) so as to prevent air from leaking through an engaging part between the partition (4A) and the valve frame (11) due to a Labyrinth effect. Further, an elastically connecting member (20) disposed on both sides of the bearing boss (16A) elastically connects the valve frame (11) and the groove (18), thereby preventing relative oscillation between the partition (4A) and the valve frame (11).

Abstract: An oil filter unit capable of forming oil passages at low manufacturing cost regardless of the attachment position of an oil filter. An adaptor for attaching an oil filter to a crank case has a first attachment surface on the crank case side and a second attachment surface on the oil filter side. The first attachment surface has first and second closed areas separated from each other by a partioning wall. The second attachment surface has an oil inlet port and an oil outlet port. The oil inlet port and the oil outlet port communicate with the first closed area and the second closed area, respectively, via their own communication paths. The adaptor is attached to the crank case such that an oil supply port formed on the crankcase is positioned within the first closed area and that an oil return port formed on the crank case is positioned within the second closed area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter-cooler combination for liquids, especially for the lubricating oil of an automotive internal combustion engine. The aim of the invention is to provide a combination of the aforementioned kind that can be produced economically and that can be screwed to a base as an alternative to a screw-type filter cartridge with the screw conditions on the base remaining unchanged.

Abstract: A rotary device for use with compressible fluids comprises a first rotation element mounted to rotate about a first axis and a casing having a surface enclosing at least a part of the first rotation element. An elongate cavity of varying cross sectional area is defined between a surface of the first rotation element and the casing surface. The rotary device also comprises a number of second rotation elements mounted to rotate about respective second axes. Each second rotation element is mounted to project through the casing surface and cooperate with the first rotation element surface to divide the cavity into adjacent working portions. At least one on the Working portions defines a closed volume for a part of a cycle of the device. As the first and second rotation elements rotate, the volumes of the working portions vary.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of combustion engines, in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of a combustion engine, comprising a fuel inlet which is adapted to have fuel flow into the fuel injection valve, an electrically controllable actuator which cooperates with a valve arrangement in order to cause the fuel in a directly or indirectly controlled manner to exit into the combustion chamber through a fuel outlet, with the actuator comprising a magnet coil arrangement to be supplied with current, an essentially soft magnetic magnet yoke arrangement cooperating with same, as well as an essentially soft magnetic magnet armature arrangement cooperating with same, with the magnet yoke arrangement and/or the magnet armature arrangement comprising a configuration which reduces eddy currents.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine having at least one fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of the engine, and an exhaust gas recirculation mechanism for recirculating a portion of exhaust gases from the engine to the combustion chamber. The exhaust gas recirculating mechanism includes an exhaust cooler for cooling the recirculated exhaust gases. A target ignition timing of the fuel injected by the fuel injection valve is calculated. An actual compression ignition timing of the fuel injected by the fuel injection valve is detected. Operation of the exhaust cooler is controlled based on the target ignition timing and the actual compression ignition timing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to operate a spray-guided spark-ignition direct fuel injection internal combustion engine are provided. The invention comprises injecting a first quantity of fuel during a combustion cycle. Spark ignition is initiated, and, injection of a second quantity of fuel is controlled effective to propagate a flame kernel generated by the spark ignition, after the initiation of the spark ignition during the combustion cycle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes multiple combustion chambers. The supply of fuel into at least one subset of the combustion chambers can temporarily be interrupted. It is provided that the fuel be injected into the combustion chambers directly and during a switchover phase for interrupting or resuming fuel injection into the subset of combustion chambers, at least temporarily via multiple injections.

Abstract: A spark-ignition, direct injection internal combustion engine includes a fuel injector effective to produce a fuel spray pattern which is relatively compact at low loads and relatively large at high loads.

Abstract: An integrated type engine brake for a diesel engine includes: a cam cap; a valve integral with the cam cap, the valve including an oil inlet and an oil outlet; and a rocker shaft with a brake oil passage in fluid communication with the oil inlet and the oil outlet. The cam cap also has a brake oil passage in fluid communication with the oil inlet and the oil outlet. The brake oil passages of the cam cap and the rocker shaft are in direct fluid communication with one another.