Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an image reconstruction method based on an iterative reconstruction technique and characterized by a short image reconstruction time, a small memory capacity, and high image quality. The image reconstruction method comprises the steps of: constructing a system model that has a plurality of concentric rings each segmented into a plurality of sectors; constructing a system matrix associated with one view, by using some of all the sectors constituting the system model, the some of all sectors being located on respective projection lines concerning the one view; creating a system matrix associated with another view, by transforming the system matrix associated with the one view; reconstructing an image through iterative reconstruction by using the system matrix and projection data; and transforming the image into an image composed of rectangular pixels.

Abstract: In a method for recording radiological projection data sets of an object under examination, a number of two-dimensional projection data sets of the object under examination being recorded, which are characterized by an axis of rotation having a spatial position, with a projection data set being obtained from an x-ray beam penetrating the object under examination, which essentially diffuses at a right angle to the axis of rotation. By changing the spatial position of the axis of rotation between the recording of two successive projection data sets, increases the versatility of the x-ray device increased, in particular for a movable x-ray device, and the image quality of the spatial representations that are reconstructed from the projection data sets is improved.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an integrated scintillator and collimator array for a CT detector. The integrated scintillator and collimator are fabricated from a manufacturing process or technique whereupon an array of scintillator material is positioned on a tooling base such that a collimator mold housing having a collimator mold therein may be positioned on the block of scintillator material. The block and mold housing are then aligned allowing a collimator mixture to be disposed into the mold. The collimator mixture is then allowed to cure to form an integrated scintillator and collimator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for generating a threedimensional image of an object (9) such as in particular the heart, from a series of (X-ray) projection pictures (Pi, Pj, Pk, Pl). For the reconstruction only those projection pictures are used in which the projection lines (li, lk, ll) of a characteristic object feature intersect at approximately the same spatial point (r0). The characteristic object feature can in particular be a vessel branch which can easily be located on the projection pictures.

Abstract: A method of controlling carbonaceous contamination of the surface of a mirror coated with a metal layer comprises the steps of supplying to the mirror a source of carbon for forming carbonaceous deposits on the mirror surface, and a source of a reactant for reacting with the deposits either reductively or by incorporation of hetero-atoms other than oxygen to produce a volatile product, and exposing the mirror to extreme ultra violet (EUV) radiation to activate the reaction. Controlling to the partial pressure ratio of the carbon source and the reactant source can enable the level of contamination of the mirror surface to be actively controlled.

Abstract: An X-ray diagnosis apparatus is configured to control at least one of the X-ray diaphragm which restricts the irradiation range of the X-ray and the compensation filter which attenuates the amount of the X-ray based on at least one of the rotation position or the position parallel to the body axis of the X-ray source.

Abstract: There is provided a fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus in which a detection lower limit is improved, and it is possible to quantify a trace aimed element having been contained not only in a sample whose main component is a heavy element but also in a sample whose main component is a light element. The fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus possesses a sample base supporting the sample, an X-ray source irradiating a primary X-ray with a predetermined irradiation position being made a center, and a detector disposed toward the irradiation position and detecting a fluorescent X-ray generated from the sample.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a method for x-ray imaging including: exposing a volume of interest to a first technique level to obtain a first set of image data; exposing the volume of interest to a second technique level to obtain a second set of image data; and estimating whether the volume of interest includes a foreign object based at least in part on a comparison of at least an aspect of the first set of image data and at least an aspect of the second set of image data. According to an embodiment, one of the first and second technique levels is selected to generate x-rays having a higher average energy than the other of the first and second technique levels. According to an embodiment, at least one of the first and second technique levels is selectable to cause an overexposure. According to an embodiment, at least one of the first and second technique levels corresponds to a clinical technique level.

Abstract: A radiation therapy system optimized for treating extremities such as the breast has unique geometrical features that enable the system to deliver an accurately located prescribed dose to a target volume while eliminating or reducing the collateral dose delivered to the rest of the patient. An optional integral imaging system provides accurate target volume localization for each treatment session. Utilizing the effects of gravity on a prone patient maximizes the separation of a target volume within the breast to adjacent critical structures such as the chest wall, heart and lungs, thereby reducing long term complications not associated with the primary disease. A shielded interface surface between the radiation source and the patient reduces patient dose due to scattered or stray radiation.

Abstract: An automatic gamma ray stereotactic radiosurgery remedial system includes an emitting source, a supporting base supporting the emitting source, and an activating mechanism driving the emitting source to move. The system further includes a treatment bed movably coupling with the supporting base, a driving mechanism driving the treatment bed to move in three dimension manner, and a head retainer upwardly extended at an end portion of the treatment bed for retaining a head of a patient so as to align the patient on the treatment bed. Therefore, the treatment bed is full-automatically moved at three directions for a focus point of the emitting source locating at each of target points of the patient for gamma ray treatment.

Abstract: A radiotherapy device control apparatus controlling a radiotherapy device, includes a reference image creation section; a transmitted image creation section and an affected area position control section. The radiotherapy device includes a therapeutic radiation irradiation device radiating therapeutic radiation, an imager generating an image of a subject by using radiation transmitted through the subject, and a drive device moving a couch, where the subject is arranged, with respect to the therapeutic radiation irradiation device. The reference image creation section collects a reference image taken by the imager. The transmitted image creation section takes a transmitted image of the subject by the imager.

Abstract: A radiotherapy device control apparatus controlling a radiotherapy device, includes an affected area position database, a motion collection section, and an irradiation position control section. The radiotherapy device includes a therapeutic radiation irradiation device radiating therapeutic radiation, a motion detector detecting motion of the subject, and a drive device moving the therapeutic radiation irradiation device with respect to the subject. The affected area position database associates a position set with a motion related information set related to the motion. The motion collection section collects the motion from the motion detector. The irradiation position control section moves the therapeutic radiation irradiation device by the drive device such that the therapeutic radiation is radiated to a position in the position set corresponding to motion related information of the motion.

Abstract: An Y-ray detector apparatus comprises an array of detector pixels arranged into a plurality of sub-arrays. The pixels in each sub-array share a common dose sensing output provided to a dose sensing output conductor which extends to a periphery of the pixel array. The dose sensing output conductor for one sub-array of pixels passes through the area occupied by another sub-array of pixels, which can lead to unwanted cross talk. The invention provides a plurality of additional screening electrodes, with a screening electrode substantially adjacent the dose sensing output conductor for each sub-array of pixels. These screening electrodes reduce cross talk between the dose sensing output and other pixel electrodes. In another arrangement, each pixel further comprises a pixel electrode for each pixel formed at an upper region of the array, and the dose sensing output conductors are formed at a lower regon of the array.

Abstract: A radiation application time upper limit calculator calculates a radiation application time upper limit based on a subject thickness, as measured by a subject thickness measuring unit. While an X-ray tube is controlled according to exposure conditions that have been set in order to apply a radiation X to a breast to capture a radiation image thereof, an X-ray tube controller compares the applied radiation time with the radiation application time upper limit. If the applied radiation time exceeds the radiation application time upper limit, then application of radiation to the subject is interrupted, so as to prevent an inappropriate radiation dosage from being applied to an X-ray detector.

Abstract: During tomosynthesis a plurality of x-ray images is acquired. The angular position of the x-ray tube is changed from x-ray image to x-ray image. Absorption in the imaged object (patient) and also in the patient table changes as a function of the angle. To compensate for this, backlight is applied while the x-ray images are being acquired. The intensity of the back light is selected as a function of the angle of the x-ray tube to the normal of the flat x-ray detector. Backlight can also be directed during reading, with only the areas already read in each instance being irradiated.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting a collision state between various elements of an x-ray imaging apparatus and/or a patient when they occur and resolving the collision state by reversing the movement of the x-ray imaging apparatus along the same path traveled which led to the collision state in the first instance.

Abstract: A transmission type X-ray tube includes an electrode lead (4) holding a cathode filament (7) and a stem unit (1) to which a sealing member (5), an exhaust tube (2), and the like are attached by brazing, and an irradiation widow frame (8) having an X-ray irradiation window (9) attached by brazing. The other end side (52) of the sealing member (5) is attached to an open end (83) of the irradiation window frame (8) by welding. Thus, it is possible to obtain a high-quality transmission type X-ray tube having a long service life at a low cost.

Abstract: An X-ray recording device has an X-ray detector and an X-ray emitter aligned with one another on a mobile supporting device, the supporting device being supported by retainer on a stand unit and being displaceable along a horizontal translation axis and/or vertical translation axis. The retainer has only one first pivoting arm rotatably mounted on the stand unit for rotation around a first vertical rotational axis and only one second pivoting arm rotatably mounted on the first pivoting arm for rotation around a second vertical rotational axis. This X-ray recording device allows an alteration to the recording range to be undertaken at reduced cost and with a space-saving and stable configuration.

Abstract: A system for integration and testing of remote telephone loops allows the integration of remote telephone units to a serving switch located in a different central office facility. The remote integration provides integration of voice and data services, as well as a mechanized loop testing capability. Test signals may be provided via transport facilities from the serving switch to the remote terminal so that remote telephone loops can be tested and results passed to the metallic test bus unit of the serving switch.

Abstract: Modifications made to physical plant in maintaining a communication network may be tracked by receiving notices corresponding to incidences in which physical plant is modified in performing maintenance tasks on a communication network and associated time information, receiving information specifying a total number of maintenance tasks performed on the communication network during a defined time interval, and storing information associated with the maintenance tasks in which physical plant is modified and the total number of maintenance tasks performed on the communication network in a searchable database.

Abstract: A communications infrastructure is upgraded to a public safety network that supports wireless communications of emergency information. Communities have installed public safety communications systems such as community warning siren systems that rely on point-to-point communications systems. Each site in the system is upgraded to a node in a wireless network that provides the communications infrastructure for a network-enabled public safety communications system that enables trusted resources such as warning sirens to access the network and communicate with other trusted resources across the network. Additionally, the public safety network may be patched using mobile transceivers to form an ad hoc network in the event part of the infrastructure supporting the emergency response network is lost. Additionally, the upgrading of the communications system may include a public access network that relies on at least some of the same communications sites or nodes employed by the public safety network.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for authenticating a subsequent callback from a public safety answering point (PSAP) in response to a user agent's initial emergency call. In one embodiment, the user agent forwards a token to the PSAP during the initial call, and the PSAP returns the token during callback. The PSAP is authenticated when the forwarded and returned tokens match. In another embodiment, the user agent encrypts a token using a Public Key Infrastructure and forwards the encrypted token to the PSAP. The PSAP decrypts the token and, upon callback, includes a signed digital certificate based on the token. The user agent authenticates the PSAP when the decrypted digital certificate matches the originally sent token. In yet another embodiment, the user agent forwards a first token to the PSAP. Upon callback, the user agent forwards a second token to the PSAP. The PSAP performs a function on the pair of received tokens and forward the result to the user agent.

Abstract: Integrating proxy voice mail server (PVMS) and a switch/router into a single unit. According to another aspect, the PVMS downloads voice mail messages (related to users served in PVMS) when bandwidth utilization is below a pre-specified threshold. According to another aspect, previously recorded voice mail messages are uploaded to a central VMS (CVMS) also when the bandwidth utilization is below a pre-specified threshold. According to one more aspect, the voice mail messages stored locally in a PVMS are provided to a user (instead of from the CVMS) when the bandwidth utilization is above a threshold.

Abstract: A system for playing entertainment data during a wait period of a communications call. The system includes a first communications device and a second communications device. The first communications device is adapted to play the entertainment data for a user. The second communications device is adapted to have the communications call with the first communications device. The second communications device is adapted to place the communications call in a wait state. The first communications device includes a system for automatically playing the entertainment data when the communications call is placed in the wait state by the second communications device without transmitting the entertainment data to the first communications device from the second communications device.

Abstract: A communications device such as a mobile telephone (1) responds to the input of a dialled number for a call destination (2) by generating and outputting a request message transmitted to a control centre (7) via a telecommunications system (3). The device receives a response message from the control centre containing routing data and credit data representing remaining credit within an account limit of the subscriber. An outgoing communications session is then initiated using the routing data which may for example enable a dialled telephone number to be modified to achieve optimum routing to the call destination via one or more preferred networks. The device also includes a credit control application (83) for limiting the duration of the communication in accordance with the credit data. Mobile telephones may thereby be used with a prepayment subscription account even during roaming operation in which the mobile telephone registers with a network other than the subscriber's home network.

Abstract: A method of managing incident records in a mobile radio terminal includes, upon the occurrence of an incident involving the mobile radio terminal, generating an incident record associated with the incident, and associating location information with the incident record, the location information being indicative of a location of the mobile radio terminal at the time of the incident. The method also may search the location information associated with plural incident records to return a first set of incident records satisfying a set of search criteria. The method may also search for incident records having at least one of a time based, content based or incident type based relationship to a selected one of the incident records from the first set of incident records to return a second set of incident records.

Abstract: Communication networks and associated methods are disclosed that provide a content sharing service through multimedia ringback tones. The communication network comprises a network node and a multimedia ringback system. The network node receives a call from a calling party to a subscriber of the content sharing service, and routes the call to the multimedia ringback system. The multimedia ringback system identifies a multimedia ringback tone for the call where the multimedia ringback tone includes a message prompting the calling party to share content of the subscriber, and provides the multimedia ringback tone to the calling party. The multimedia ringback system then receives a request for the content indicated in the multimedia ringback tone from the calling party, and initiates the transfer of the content to the calling party responsive to the request.

Abstract: A method for outputting caller information which is saved in a caller information server, including: upon receiving a call request carrying a calling number from a switching system, the called terminal sends a request for caller information carrying the calling number to the caller information server according to the calling number; the caller information server queries the caller information according to the calling number, and returning the caller information corresponding to the calling number to the called terminal; the called terminal outputs the caller information. A system and a terminal are provided by this invention as well. Implementation of the present invention helps to make full use of the capability of a terminal, simplify the processing in the switching system, lower the complexity of the processing in the switching system, and reduce the consumption of system resources of the switching system.

Abstract: An efficient and effective method and system for providing to a customer an audible call notification of a current call and a subsequently received call waiting call. The present embodiments notify the customer that a current call is waiting in an effective manner that reduces confusion. Confusion is reduced by the combination of audible call waiting indicators and audible caller identification information associated with the calling telephone station. Additionally, both the indicator and the representation of the information can be provided automatically without significant delay. The indication is provided even when standard caller identification information is not available by prompting the caller to provide spoken caller identification information. The spoken caller identification information is provided to the called party along with call disposition options, such as options to accept or reject the call, route the call to voice mail or send a sales refusal message.

Abstract: A method of controlling an electronic device, during a voice call, using audio inputs, the method including detecting a first interrupt during the voice call while audio input control is disabled; controlling the electronic device, in response to detection of the first interrupt, to prevent the inclusion of audio inputs within the voice call and to enable audio input control of the electronic device; and controlling the electronic device in response to detection of a second subsequent interrupt, to disable the audio input control and to re-enable the inclusion of audio inputs within the voice call.

Abstract: Wireless telecommunications systems, methods and devices for processing voice data in connection with a wireless telecommunications system that includes a wireless remote device and a wireless recording device that are configured for communication with a network server. Methods include obtaining varying levels of consent from users of recording devices and/or remote devices. The recording device can access recording rules that cross-reference the consent information to determine whether to record the conversation if the recording statute indicates that such recording is lawful.

Abstract: A method and system for blocking an incoming telephone call based upon at least one predetermined criterion. The system includes a security device having a user device for imputting a first control signal to block the incoming telephone call, and for inputting a second control signal for controlling at least one feature of the security system, at least one sensor for detecting an emergency event within a protected area. The sensor generates an alarm signal. The system further includes a control section for processing the first and second control signals. The control section generates a control signal based upon the first control signal. Based upon this control signal, a line seizure means opens or closes a connection between an incoming telephone line and a telephone device. The security system has continuous access to the incoming telephone line, even though the line can be isolated from the telephone device.

Abstract: A user interface for a telephone system may include a telephone portion operable to provide telephone administration functionality for each of a plurality of telephones of a telephone system. The telephone portion may include a telephone icon corresponding to at least one telephone of the plurality of telephones, the telephone icon operable to provide the telephone administration functionality for the at least one telephone. Other portions of the user interface may include an external line portion, an extension portion, or a user portion, which may include, respectively, an external line icon, an extension icon, and a user icon, where each icon may provide associated administration functionality. Accordingly, the user interface allows an administrator of the telephone system to easily view and administer the devices and elements of the telephone system.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing dynamic messages to callers on hold are disclosed. In one such method, a telephone call is received into a queue and a first wait time is calculated which corresponds to a first estimated length of time expected to elapse before an agent is available to answer the telephone call. A plurality of message elements are assembled to create a message having a length approximately equal to the first wait time, and playback of the message is initiated. A second wait time is calculated during the playback of the message. The message is modified during playback to have a length approximately equal to the second wait time if the updated estimated length of time is different than the first estimated length of time. In various embodiments, the second wait time may be continuously calculated and the message may be continuously modified during playback.

Abstract: A method for providing menu tree assistance includes receiving a voice request from a user via a telematics unit and a wireless network and determining a voice menu tree based on the voice request. The method further includes receiving at least one response based on the voice menu tree, determining a failure or confirmation based on the at least one response and converting the response to data based on the determined confirmation. The method further includes recording the response based on the determined failure and providing the recorded response and data to an advisor at a call center. A system and a computer readable medium including computer program code are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a call center system are disclosed for an agent to answer calls from customers of a business. A disclosed example call center system has a database to store customer data and a script generator to provide scripts for dialog with a customer. The system also may include an agent terminal with a phone and a user interface. The user interface screen has a passive focus screen area to display at least one of customer data and a reason for the customer inquiry to the call center. An active communicate screen area displays a script of dialog text relating to the customer inquiry. An active actions screen area displays information to launch an action to facilitate a response to the customer inquiry. A passive support screen area displays information relating to actions available to the call center representative in the active communicate and actions screen areas.

Abstract: A computerized method for controlling an interconnected system of cross-connect distribution units having a plurality of user ports, wherein each user port of each of the CDUs corresponds to a unique logical port number, includes receiving a command including one of the unique logical port numbers and a service to be provided thereto. A physical user port corresponding to the logical port number included in the command is identified. A set of one or more commands to deliver to one or more particular CDUs within the interconnected system is determined, in order to arrive at a circumstance in which the service is provided to the identified physical user port. The determined one or more commands are communicated to the one or more particular CDUs. The method may be embodied as instructions stored on a storage medium and as a computer programmed to carry out the method.

Abstract: A telecommunications apparatus includes a housing. A plurality of circuit boards are fastened in a vertical column within the housing. Each circuit board has a cross-connect distribution unit (CDU) disposed thereupon, and each CDU includes a plurality of user output locations, network input locations, service input locations, supplemental input locations, and supplemental output locations. The telecommunications apparatus also includes a back plane circuit board fastened within the housing. The backplane circuit board includes a connector corresponding to each of the plurality of circuit boards. Each of said circuit boards mates with a corresponding connector.

Abstract: A privacy protection method for a terminal subscriber and a terminal and program for implementing the same are provided, wherein at least either a picture or voice associated with at least either an individual or an organization registered in an address book is preregistered in a terminal equipped with a function that enables the terminal to be switched between a privacy mode and a non-privacy mode, and wherein when a call arrives at the terminal in the privacy mode, processing is performed at least either to display an image or to reproduce voice with which a caller cannot be identified, instead of displaying the picture or reproducing the voice registered in the address book, while when a call arrives at the terminal in the non-privacy mode, processing is performed at least either to display the picture or to reproduce the voice registered in the address book, thereby preventing the pictures, etc.

Abstract: A phone jack connection detection system and method of operating the same, including a phone jack circuit having a data access arrangement circuit in communication with at least two pins, a stimulus input in communication with the phone jack circuit, the stimulus input being adapted to communicate a stimulus to the phone jack circuit, and a detection circuit in communication with the phone jack circuit, the detection circuit being adapted to detect a response of the phone jack circuit to the stimulus and notify a user of the status of the connection.

Abstract: A phone converter system may allow a phone customer to keep a standard phone where the dial tone is maintained even when power is lost in the home. The phone converter system is maintained in the phone company's network, and not in the user's home. The phone converter system includes a local telephone provider with a power output from an SAI of IDF to a user telephone, a phone converter device to supply power and phone services to the user telephone, and an interface between the phone converter and network equipment. Utilizing the phone converter system may eliminate the use of battery backup in the customer's home.

Abstract: A system (400) and method for controlling an operation of an electrical power network (420) is described. The method includes configuring an allowable performance of an electrical power network over a predetermined time period as a probability expression comprising a historical term and a future term having an electrical power network operating condition variable. The method also includes calculating a network performance target value (300) according to the probability expression by using a historical electrical power network operating condition value for the electrical power network operating condition variable. The method further includes using the performance target value for controlling the electrical power network effective to achieve the allowable performance. The system includes a database (406), a processor (404) coupled to the database, and a monitoring and control module (410) coupled to the processor.

Abstract: A system, device and method for providing communications to a plurality of customer premises via one or more external low voltage power lines is provided. One embodiment of the system includes a power line communication device comprising a first modem configured to communicate over the one or more external low voltage power lines. The system further includes a plurality of wireless interface devices, each located at, and external to, a respective one of the plurality of customer premises. Each wireless interface device may includes a first communication module configured to communicate with the power line communication device via the external low voltage power line; and a second communication module in communication with the first communication module and configured to provide wireless communications for one or more remote devices within the respective customer premises.

Abstract: A portable telephone in which two bodies thereof are placed in superposed relation, and one body slides relative to the other body to change how far they superpose, thus expanding and contracting the overall length of the telephone in the sliding direction. The one body can pull out relative to the other body with an area left where a part of the one body is superposed on the other body in the extended state. Engaging members, i.e. engaging pawls and sliders, that serve as a rotation preventing mechanism for preventing the two bodies from relative rotating are intensively provided in the superposed area within the extended state.

Abstract: For a defined cryptographic process including an original substitution table, split masked substitution tables are provided to resist cryptographic attacks. The split masked substitution tables are defined with reference to a set of random value data words and a mask value. An entry in the split masked substitution tables is defined by selecting bits from the corresponding entry in the original masked substitution table, as masked by the corresponding one of the set of random value data words and by selecting bits from the corresponding one of the set of random value data words as masked by the mask value. The split masked substitution tables are usable in a modified cryptographic process based on the defined cryptographic process to permit a masked output to be generated. The split masked substitution tables are refreshed by each entry in the tables being refreshed upon access during execution of the modified cryptographic process.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus for protection of streamed media content is disclosed. In one aspect, the apparatus includes control means for governance of content streams or content objects, decryption means for decrypting content streams or content objects under control of the control means, and feedback means for tracking actual use of content streams or content objects. The control means may operate in accordance with rules received as part of the streamed content, or through a side-band channel. The rules may specify allowed uses of the content, including whether or not the content can be copied or transferred, and whether and under what circumstances received content may be “checked out” of one device and used in a second device. The rules may also include or specify budgets, and a requirement that audit information be collected and/or transmitted to an external server. In a different aspect, the apparatus may include a media player designed to call plugins to assist in rendering content.

Abstract: An authenticated device 200 includes a memory unit 220 to store at least one algorithm identifier and at least one encryption key identifier, a transmitting unit 212 to transmit at least one algorithm identifier and at least one encryption key identifier stored by the memory unit 220 to an authenticating device 100, a receiving unit 211 to receive a prescribed algorithm identifier and a prescribed encryption key identifier selected from among at least one algorithm identifier and at least one encryption key identifier transmitted by the transmitting unit 212 from the authenticating device 100, and an authentication processing unit 296 to perform an authentication process with the authenticating device 100 based on the prescribed algorithm identifier and the prescribed encryption key identifier received by the receiving unit 211.

Abstract: A method and device for using a partial public key in a cryptosystem. The cryptosystem may be based on a group, such as an elliptic curve over a finite field. The device includes a first memory for storing system parameters of the cryptosystem and a second memory for storing a portion of a public key of the cryptosystem. The device receives the complete public key, or the remainder of the public key, via communication with another device. The received portion of the public key is used to form a validated public key. A processor of the device uses the validated public key for encrypting messages and/or verifying signatures. The size of the second memory is reduced since only part of the public key is stored.

Abstract: An encryption processing apparatus for performing a scalar multiplication of kP+lQ based on two points P and Q on an elliptic curve and scalar values k and l or a scalar multiplication of kD1+lD2 based on divisors D1 and D2 and scalar values k and l may include a scalar value controller configured to generate joint regular form of (k, l), k=<kn, . . . k0> and l=<ln, . . . l0>, which are set so that all the bits of the scalar values k and l are represented by 0, +1, or ?1, and the combination (ki, li) of bits at positions corresponding to the scalar values k and l is set to satisfy (ki, li)=(0, ±1) or (±1, 0); and a computation execution section configured to perform a process for computing a scalar multiplication of kP+lQ or kD1+lD2.

Abstract: A data processing technique includes encryption/decryption of an input dataword using a key to obtain an output dataword. Reversible single-bit operations are applied to the input dataword before the encryption or decryption, and/or application of single-bit operations to the output dataword obtained by the encryption or decryption, wherein the single-bit operations are represented by a completely minimized Boolean operation.