Abstract: A method and system for estimating Co-Channel Interference (CCI) at each pilot sub-carrier of each symbol in a frame of a block transmission system is provided. The method includes determining the CCI at each pilot sub-carrier of a predetermined number of symbols (L). The predetermined number of symbols is equal to the periodicity of the pilot pattern of the frame. The method includes using the CCI at each pilot sub-carrier of the predetermined number of symbols to estimate the CCI at each pilot sub-carrier of remaining symbols in the frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method of providing analog setpoints that eliminate, or at least substantially reduces, the shortcomings of prior art analog setpoint systems and methods. One embodiment of the present invention includes a method of multiplexing analog setpoints comprising transmitting the analog signal to a plurality of target devices, wherein the analog signal represents multiple setpoints, transmitting a first setpoint indicator separate from the analog signal to indicate to a first target device that a first setpoint for the first target device is being represented by the analog signal, saving a first setpoint value asserted by the analog signal at the first target device in response to the first setpoint indicator.

Abstract: A communication apparatus that performs data transmission on a medium according to the packet switching system includes an upper-layer processing unit that performs processing of data to be transmitted, a Phy processing unit that manages an operation of physical access to the medium, and a media-access-control processing unit that generates a transmission packet, instructs the Phy processing unit to transmit the packet, and performs control for access to the medium. The media-access-control processing unit includes a buffer memory, a transmission buffer list, and a header-information generating unit. The media-access-control processing unit instructs the Phy processing unit to transmit a preamble signal, starts generation processing for the header information by the header-information generating means, and instructs the Phy processing unit to transmit, before the transmission of the preamble signal is finished, the header information generated.

Abstract: A computer capable of easily obtaining RTL of a TOP circuit after a block circuit is separated out of the TOP circuit. A port information input unit inputs the port information of the TOP circuit described in RTL, and the port information of block circuits composing the TOP circuit, from a user. A separation information input unit inputs separation information specifying a block circuit to be separated out of the TOP circuit, from the user. A separation port information creation unit creates separation port information after the block circuit is separated, by changing the port information of the TOP circuit and the block circuits based on the port information of the block circuit to be separated according to the separation information. An RTL rewriting unit rewrites RTL of the TOP circuit from which the block circuit has been separated, based on the separation port information created by the separation port information creation unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an information processing apparatus including, one or more modules that are interconnected via a system bus, wherein each of one or more the modules includes, a functional device, which conforms to a local interface that differs from an interface for the system bus, and performs a predetermined function, and an interface device, which is connected to the functional device via a local bus conforming to the local interface, and connected to another module via the system bus, wherein, when information in a first format conforming to the local interface is supplied from the functional device via the local bus, the interface device converts the information from the first format to a second format conforming to the interface for the system bus and supplies the converted information to the another module via the system bus, and wherein, when information in the second format is supplied from the another module via the system bus, the interface device converts the information from the second format

Abstract: An internet-protocol (IP) based digital audio device having a network interface receiving a digital audio signal from an IP network and implemented with web services for devices. The digital audio device further includes a digital to analog (D/A) converter connected to the network interface converting the digital audio signal to an analog audio signal, and an amplifier connected to the D/A converter and amplifying the analog audio signal from the D/A converter.

Abstract: A method for interworking between a first signaling network and a second signaling network is provided. The first signaling network includes a first signaling point and a signaling transfer point, and the second signaling network includes a second signaling point, the first signaling network is connected with the second signaling network via an interworking point. The method includes: receiving by the interworking point a first signaling point TransFer Prohibited message from the first signaling network; detecting all the links between the interworking point and the first signaling network, if there is any interworking link, dropping the TransFer Prohibited message; otherwise, transmitting a Signaling Unavailable message to the second signaling point. This invention also provides an interworking point of signaling networks and a communication system. In this invention, TFP message in narrowband MTP3 protocol and DUNA message the broadband M3UA protocol are combined for informing the route state.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating available bandwidth with multiple overloading streams are described. In one aspect, a set of packets are communicated by a probing sender to a receiver. The packets are sent at multiple sending rates. At least two of the sending rates result in multiple overloading streams of packets being sent to the receiver. The probing sender receives a set of queuing delay information from the receiver. The queuing delay information is based one-way delay measurements corresponding to receipt by the receiver of at least two pairs of successive packets of the packets. The probing sender estimates available bandwidth of the network based on the received queuing delay information and multiple sending rates associated with the multiple overloading streams of packets.

Abstract: A method includes providing transmission opportunity synchronization information from a transmitting network device to other network devices attempting to follow the same transmission opportunities schedule as the transmitting network device. A network device includes a transceiver to transmit and receive transmission opportunity synchronization information, and a unit to utilize transmission opportunity synchronization information received from another network device to adhere to the same transmission opportunity schedule as the other network device.

Abstract: A network system broadcast data from one node to a plurality of other nodes, which can decrease the time required for broadcast. A transfer source node divides the transfer data to be broadcasted, and transfers each divided data separately from the network adapters of the transfer source node to the network adapters of the other nodes, and the other nodes transfer the received data to the network adapters of the other nodes other than the transfer source node. Since more nodes (network adapters) can participate in data transfer in the second data transfer, high-speed transfer processing can be implemented, and the transfer processing time for broadcast can be decreased.

Abstract: A data transmission method and the transmission circuit thereof for transmitting data between a host and a peripheral apparatus are disclosed. The data transmission method includes the following steps. First, a clock signal is transmitted by a first pin. Then, a data signal is transmitted by a second pin according to the timing of the clock signal.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus includes an input interface which receives a TS, a counter which counts the number of packets contained in the TS and output count values, a multiplexing section which multiplexes the output count values of PCR packets contained in the TS on a predetermined position of each PCR packet, a discard section which discards null packets from the TS, and a transmitting section which transmits the TS. A receiving apparatus includes a receiving section which receives the TS, an extraction section which extracts the count values from the PCR packets contained in the received TS, and a rearranging section which rearranges the multiplex position of the PCR packets of the received TS based on the extracted count values to restore a TS equivalent to the previous TS from which the null packet has not been discarded.

Abstract: A data processing architecture comprising: an input device for receiving an incoming stream of data packets; and a plurality of processing elements which are operable to process data received thereby; wherein the input device is operable to distribute data packets in whole or in part to the processing elements in dependence upon the data processing bandwidth of the processing elements.

Abstract: Described are methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for using a single point code to represent multiple switching devices. A first software node and a second software node are associated to the single point code. The first software node is assigned to a first switch and the second software node is assigned to a PSTN. Signaling data associated with the point code is received via signaling links associated with the first switch. The signaling data is routed to the first software node or a second switch based on a criterion.

Abstract: A device for transmitting data packets over a data link, comprising: an interference signal detector adapted to continually detect a frequency of interference signals on the data link, designator adapted to assign a first frequency channel and a first time slot on the data link, wherein the first frequency channels lies within a 2.4 GHz ISM band, and adapted to assign a second frequency channel and a second time slot on the data link, wherein the second frequency channel lies within a 5.8 GHz ISM Band, transmitter adapted to transmit each data packet within the first time slot and the first frequency channel and within the second time slot and the second frequency channel, if the frequency of the interference signals lies within the 2.4 GHz or the 5.8 GHz band.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed that enable lasers to be stabilized in absolute frequency to high precision. The principle of operation is to: 1) lock the laser frequency to an etalon transmission resonance, 2) phase modulate the laser beam at a frequency corresponding to the free spectral range of the etalon and lock the phase modulated sidebands to the etalon resonances, and 3) lock the etalon free spectral range frequency to a stable reference frequency derived from, e.g., a stable crystal oscillator. The result is that the laser frequency is locked to an integer multiple of the reference frequency. The invention has applicability to numerous situations where a stable frequency must be provided at a specific value, and has further applicability to stabilizing multiple lasers in different locations to the same value.

Abstract: A new method for the production of strain-compensating semiconductor layers is suggested, as well as its use for the production of strained-controlled semiconductor layer systems and the production of optically pumped semiconductor devices for the production of radiation, preferably long-wave radiation.

Abstract: The invention discloses that a nitride semiconductor laser element is able to comply with requirement of high-speed responsiveness by largely reducing the capacitance of the nitride semiconductor laser element. The nitride semiconductor laser element includes an n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer (205) and a p-type semiconductor layer each laminated on the main surface of the substrate (101) and comprising a nitride, wherein a striped ridge portion (2) is formed in the p-type semiconductor layer, and pn-junctions of the semiconductor layer in the peripheral region remote from the ridge portion are broken by ion implantation to form an insulative region (1) for reducing the capacitance of the element.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser having an n-cladding layer, an optical guide layer, an active layer, an optical guide layer, and a p-cladding layer above an InP substrate, in which the active layer has a layer constituted with Be-containing group II-VI compound semiconductor mixed crystals, and at least one of layers of the n-cladding layer, the optical guide layer, and the p-cladding layer has a layer constituted with elements identical with those of the Be-containing group II-VI compound semiconductor mixed crystals of the active layer, and the layer is constituted with a superlattice structure comprising, as a well layer, mixed crystals of a Be compositions with the fluctuation of the composition being within ±30% compared with the Be composition of the group II-VI compound semiconductor mixed crystals of the active layer, whereby the device characteristics of the semiconductor laser comprising the Be-containing group II-VI compound semiconductor matched with the InP substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing a nitride semiconductor according to the present invention includes: step (A) of provided an n-GaN substrate 101; step (B) of forming on the substrate 101 a plurality of stripe ridges having upper faces which are parallel to a principal face of the substrate 101; step (C) of selectively growing AlxGayInzN crystals (0?x, y, z?1: x+y+z=1) 104 on the upper faces of the plurality of stripe ridges, the AlxGayInzN crystals containing an n-type impurity at a first concentration; and step (D) of growing an Alx?Gay?Inz?N crystal (0?x?, y?, z??1: x?+y?+z?=1) 106 on the AlxGayInzN crystals 104, the Alx?Gay?Inz?N crystal 106 containing an n-type impurity at a second concentration which is lower than the first concentration, and linking every two adjoining AlxGayInzN crystals 104 with the Alx?Gay?Inz?N crystal 106 to form one nitride semiconductor layer 120.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor laser element, comprises a substrate, a nitride semiconductor layer laminated on said substrate and having a ridge on its surface, a first protective film that covers said nitride semiconductor layer, and an electrode form on the ridge and the first protective film, wherein the first protective film covers part of the nitride semiconductor layer surface in a contact state, and covers from the periphery around the base of the ridge to the side faces of the ridge in a non-contact state, resulting in a cavity being disposed from said ridge side faces to the ridge base periphery.

Abstract: A method of producing a nitride semiconductor laser device includes: forming a wafer including a nitride semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type, an active layer of a nitride semiconductor, a nitride semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type, and an electrode pad for the second conductivity type stacked in this order on a main surface of a conductive substrate and also including stripe-like waveguide structures parallel to the active layer; cutting the wafer to obtain a first type and a second type of laser device chips; and distinguishing between the first type and the second type of chips by automatic image recognition. The first type and the second type of chips are different from each other in position of the stripe-like waveguide structure with respect to a width direction of each chip and also in area ratio of the electrode pad to the main surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device comprising an optically pumped surface-emitting vertical emitter region (2) which has an active radiation-emitting vertical emitter layer (3) and has at least one monolithically integrated pump radiation source (5) for optically pumping the vertical emitter region (2), which has an active radiation-emitting pump layer (6). The pump layer (6) follows the vertical emitter layer (3) in the vertical direction and a conductive layer (13) is provided between the vertical emitter layer (3) and the pump layer (6). Furthermore, a contact (9) is applied on the side of the semiconductor laser device which is closer to the pump layer (6) than to the conductive layer (13). An electrical field can be applied between this contact (9) and the conductive layer (13) for generating pump radiation (7) by charge carrier injection.

Abstract: Provided are a laser apparatus into which a large current can be injected and a production method which enables easy production of the apparatus. A laser apparatus includes a light-emitting region on a substrate, and a periodic refractive index structure containing an i-type material provided at a periphery of the light-emitting region. Another laser apparatus includes a light-emitting region between a first electrode and a second electrode on a substrate, wherein at least one of the first and the second electrodes includes a periodic refractive index structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical device includes a GaAs substrate having a surface with periodic projections and recesses for a diffraction grating; a III-V compound semiconductor layer provided on the surface of the GaAs substrate; and an active layer which is made of III-V compound semiconductor containing nitrogen and arsenic as constituent elements, the active layer being provided on the III-V compound semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser according to the present invention includes a laminated body between a first electrode 471 and a second electrode 472. The laminated body includes an active layer 43 and a two-dimensional photonic crystal 45. The first electrode 471 is ring shaped. A voltage is applied between the first and second electrodes 471 and 472 to supply an electric current into the active layer 43 and thereby cause an emission of light. Since the first electrode 471 is ring shaped, the light thereby generated has a ring-shaped field distribution within the two-dimensional photonic crystal 45. Due to this field distribution, a radially polarized laser beam having a ring-shaped cross section is emitted from the two-dimensional photonic crystal 45. The laser beam thus generated can be focused by a focusing lens to make its diameter smaller than the diffraction limit. Such a laser beam is suitable for optical pickups and other optical devices.

Abstract: A laser diode package is provided. The laser diode package includes a plurality of laser diode submount assemblies, each assembly including a submount to which one or more laser diodes are attached. An electrically isolating pad is attached to the same surface of the submount as the laser diode. A metallization layer is deposited onto the outermost surface of the electrically isolating pad, to which an electrical contact pad is bonded. Electrical interconnects, such as wire or ribbon interconnects, connect the laser diode or diodes to the metallization layer. Preferably the laser diode stack is formed by electrically and mechanically bonding together the bottom surface of each submount to the electrical contact pad of an adjacent submount assembly. The laser diode stack is thermally coupled to a cooling block. Preferably thermally conductive and electrically isolating members are interposed between the laser diode stack and the cooling block.

Abstract: A laser diode package is provided, the package including a plurality of laser diode submount assemblies. Each submount assembly includes a submount. At least one laser diode is attached to a front portion of each submount while a spacer, preferably comprised of an electrically isolating pad and an electrical contact pad, is attached to a rear portion of each submount. Electrical interconnects, such as wire or ribbon interconnects, connect the laser diode or diodes to the electrical contact pad, either directly or indirectly. Preferably the laser diode stack is formed by electrically and mechanically bonding together the bottom surface of each submount to the electrical contact pad of an adjacent submount assembly. The laser diode stack is thermally coupled to a cooling block. Preferably thermally conductive and electrically isolating members are interposed between the laser diode stack and the cooling block.

Abstract: A side-pumped solid state laser utilizing a laser diode stack of laser diode submount assemblies is provided. The laser gain medium of the solid state laser is contained within a laser cavity defined by a pair of reflective elements. Each laser diode submount assembly includes a submount to which one or more laser diodes are attached. The radiation-emitting active layer of each laser diode is positioned substantially parallel to the mounting surfaces of the submount, causing the fast axis of each laser diode's output beam to be substantially orthogonal to the submount mounting surfaces. The laser diodes can be of one wavelength or multiple wavelengths. Preferably the submount has a high thermal conductivity and a CTE that is matched to that of the laser diode. On top of the submount, adjacent to the laser diode, is a spacer. The laser diode stack is formed by mechanically coupling the bottom surface of each submount to the spacer of an adjacent submount assembly.

Abstract: An end-pumped solid state laser utilizing a laser diode stack of laser diode subassemblies as the pump source is provided. The laser gain medium of the solid state laser is contained within a laser cavity defined by a pair of reflective elements. Each laser diode subassembly includes a submount to which one or more laser diodes are attached. The fast axis corresponding to each output beam of each laser diode is substantially perpendicular to the mounting surfaces of the submount. The laser diodes can be of one wavelength or multiple wavelengths. Preferably the submount has a high thermal conductivity and a CTE that is matched to that of the laser diode. On top of the submount, adjacent to the laser diode, is a spacer. The laser diode stack is formed by mechanically coupling the bottom surface of each submount to the spacer of an adjacent submount assembly. Preferably the laser diode stack is thermally coupled to a cooling block.

Abstract: A laser diode package is provided, the package including a plurality of laser diode submount assemblies. Each laser diode submount assembly includes a submount comprised of a non-conductive material. At least one laser diode is attached to a first portion of one surface of each submount while a spacer is attached to a second portion of the same submount surface. Preferably the submount has a high thermal conductivity and a CTE that is matched to that of the laser diode. The laser diode stack is formed by mechanically coupling the bottom surface of each submount to the spacer of an adjacent submount assembly. The individual laser diodes of the fabricated stack can be serially coupled together, coupled together in parallel, or individually addressable. To provide package cooling, the laser diode stack is thermally coupled to a cooling block.

Abstract: A surface emitting laser having a substrate with top and bottom surfaces; a first stack of mirror layers of alternating indices of refraction located upon the top surface of the substrate; and active layer disposed over the first stack; a second stack of mirror layers of alternating indices of refraction disposed over the active layer and a recessed portion located centrally in the second stack extending through at least some of the second stack of mirror layers for improving the spectral width characteristic of the laser.

Abstract: A laser equipment includes: a surface emitting laser for emitting an excitation light; a light converter for outputting an output light by receiving the excitation light; and a lens portion for collimating or concentrating a light. The surface emitting laser has an emitting surface for emitting the excitation light, and the light converter has an input surface for receiving the excitation light and an output surface for outputting the output light. The surface emitting laser, the light converter and the lens portion are integrally stacked so that the lens portion is disposed between the emitting surface of the surface emitting laser and the input surface of the light converter or disposed on the output surface of the light converter.

Abstract: A laser equipment for outputting output lights having different wavelengths includes: a substrate; an excitation light generation element for emitting excitation lights including surface emitting laser elements and disposed on the substrate; and a light converter having a pair of second reflection layers and a solid laser medium layer, both of which provide a resonator. The solid laser medium layer is capable of generating lights having different peak wavelengths by receiving the excitation lights. The light converter is disposed on an output surface of the excitation light generation element.

Abstract: A laser. The novel laser includes a gain medium, a pump source adapted to optically excite the gain medium in a first location, and a resonator adapted to extract energy from the gain medium in a second location distinct from the first location. In an illustrative embodiment, the gain medium is comprised of a plurality of solid-state gain particles suspended in a fluid. The gain medium is adapted to flow, and optical excitation of the gain medium occurs outside of the resonator. In a preferred embodiment, the flow velocity and the density of gain particles in the gain medium are adjusted for optimal absorption efficiency during optical excitation and then for optimal extraction efficiency in the resonator. In addition, the resonator may be shaped for optimal extraction efficiency, while pump modules that hold the gain medium during optical excitation are shaped for optimal absorption efficiency.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor device includes a semiconductor laser chip, a base for mounting the semiconductor laser chip and a solder layer sandwiched between the top surface of the base and the bottom surface of the semiconductor laser chip. The semiconductor laser chip is warped in upward convex shape.

Abstract: An electrode joint having first and second complementary elements capable of being joined together to form the joint, wherein one of the threaded elements has at least one slot at least partially along its length; and wherein one of the threaded elements includes a source of a flowable adhesive in fluid communication with the slot.

Abstract: A device for measuring or visualizing temperature distribution along a line or an area, said device comprising areas of relatively good heat conducting or heat storing properties alternating with heat insulating or poorly heat storing areas, so that when the device is brought in contact with an object to be measured more heat energy is transferred to the heat absorbing or heat storing areas than to the heat insulating areas so that heat equalizing does not take place between the heat conducting or heat storing areas for a time, whereupon the temperature remains stable for a time.

Abstract: A method for providing accurate temperature sensing of a substrate utilizing the PN junction of a transistor formed on the substrate is described.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of a moving or stationary surface includes a main body portion and a probe head with thermocouple element, the probe head coupled to the main body portion such that the probe head reciprocates relative to the main body portion in a pulsed manner.

Abstract: A method of generating a spread-spectrum clock signal includes delaying a high frequency clock signal to provide a plurality of delayed high frequency clock signals selected among to provide a spread-spectrum clock signal for a synchronous system.

Abstract: Receiver and reception method of receiving pulsed ultrawideband radio-frequency signals employ an amplification phase, an oscillation phase sensitive to an instability control signal, a shaping phase, and a demodulation phase, and further including an adaptation control step for adapting the receiver or the reception method to the type of signals to be received.

Abstract: A phase interpolator receives an input clock signal and varies the phase of an output clock signal in accordance with a phase control signal.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for decoding data in a frequency hopping communications system. The method includes: monitoring transition points between data bits in a demodulated data stream, where the data bits are transmitted to a receiver over different transmission frequencies; determining a frequency over which data bits are transmitted to the receiver; determining a reliability metric for each frequency over which data bits were received, where the reliability metric is based on transition points of data bits transmitted over a given frequency; and performing a decoding operation using the reliability metric for each frequency over which data bits were received.

Abstract: A frequency-division multiplexing transmission apparatus for transmitting data in a frequency spectrum specific to both symbol and mobile station, is disclosed. The apparatus encodes transmission data, modulates the encoded data, compresses the time domains of each symbol of the modulated transmission-symbol sequence, repeats the symbols a specified number of times, rearranges each of the symbols of the obtained repetitive-symbol sequence so that they have the same arrangement as the transmission-symbol sequence, generates each phase that changes at a speed specific to each symbol of the transmission-symbol sequence, performs phase rotation specific to the symbols for each symbol of the rearranged repetitive-symbol sequence, generates phase that changes at a speed specific to a mobile station, performs phase rotation specific to the mobile station for the symbol sequence for which the phase rotation was performed, and transmits the phase-rotated symbol sequence.

Abstract: A system for detecting and identifying the identity of a base station or cell which transmits a scrambling code is provided. According to one aspect of the system, the system is used to perform scrambling code detection of eight (8) primary cells (each scrambling code's X-component being spaced sixteen (16) chips apart) in a group. According to another aspect of the system, a single scrambling code generator is used to generate a master scrambling code. The master scrambling code is then used to create individual scrambling codes which are used in correlation with received signals to detect in parallel which one of the eight (8) possible primary cells in the group transmitted the received signals. According to yet another aspect of the system, each of the correlators maintains a corresponding X-component segment of the master scrambling code.

Abstract: The present is a description of a method for transferring data between at least two transmitters and one receiver having repeatedly transferring first identical data from a first one of the transmitters to the receiver in a first sequence and repeatedly transferring second identical data from a second one of the transmitters to the receiver in a second sequence. The number of repetitions in the first sequence and the number of repetitions in the second sequence are equal to or greater than the number of transmitters, and the first and second sequences are different to each other. In this way a data transfer can be realized with less expenditure.

Abstract: A correction signal is generated by applying an adjustable gain/attenuation value and an adjustable phase value to a transmission signal sampled on the transmission channel after the transmission frequency transposition. The correction signal is subtracted from the signal present on the receive channel before performing the receiver frequency transposition. Digital information representative of the subtracted signal is generated, and the value of gain/attenuation and the value of phase are adjusted in such a manner as to reduce or minimize the digital information.

Abstract: In a communications system having a first modem transmitting via a communications channel, a method for adding a second modem, the method including learning crosstalk caused by transmissions from the first modem to the second modem while the second modem is in a transmitting state insufficient to cause crosstalk interference to the first modem in accordance with a predefined measure, deriving from the learned crosstalk an estimation of crosstalk that would be caused by the second modem to the first modem when the second modem is in a transmitting state, configuring the first modem to cancel crosstalk according to the crosstalk estimation, causing the second modem to enter a transmitting state sufficient to cause crosstalk interference to the first modem in accordance with a predefined measure, and causing the first modem to at least partially cancel crosstalk caused by the second modem in accordance with the crosstalk estimation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a high data rate signal are disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of data processing units and a switching arrangement to repeatedly switch a received high first data rate signal between inputs of the plurality of data processing units on a time division basis. Each of the data processing units is operable to process the first signal at a second data rate less than said high first data rate to form respective second signals, and the apparatus further includes a combining arrangement operable to switch between outputs of the plurality of data processing units to form a processed high data rate signal from a combination of said respective second signals. A receiver apparatus is operable to cooperate with the apparatus to receive a processed signal and to undo each of the processing steps performed by the apparatus to convert the processed signal into an original high first data rate signal.