Abstract: Provided is an automatic wall mounting system for a wall-mounted television (TV). The system has a support plate 110, a left/right tilting part 120, and a TV mount plate 130. The TV mount plate 130 tilting left/right about the support plate 110. The left/right tilting part 120 includes a left/right tilting motor 121 having driving shafts 121a and 121b, gear parts 122 and 123 geared and ungeared by the same length in an opposite direction, and having connection links 122a and 123a at their front ends, a first rotary shaft 124 having a connector 124a at its predetermined portion, and a second rotary shaft 125 having a connector 125a at its predetermined portion.

Abstract: A bracket assembly for supporting an AC unit in a window. The assembly includes a C-shaped bracket, adhesive means, and sash stops. The bracket fits within the outer window sill and, together with the upper edge of the lip on the inner sill, provides a secure surface for the AC unit to rest upon. The bracket is adhesively affixed to the outer window sill, to prevent it from being knocked out of place during installation of the AC unit. No external support means that require drilling into the outside wall are required.

Abstract: A shackle for supporting a platform support on an, upright comprising a first side member and a second side member, an inner load bearing jaw and an outer load bearing jaw mounted on the first and second side members with the inner load bearing jaw for engaging a first surface of the upright and the outer load bearing jaw for engaging a second surface of the upright, and a locking jaw mounted on the side members and movable between an upright engaging condition to prevent the lowering of the shackle on the upright and an upright non-engaging condition to allow for the lowering of the shackle on the upright.

Abstract: The system comprises a rod subassembly for suspending articles, supported at extremities by a holding subassembly. The former includes a hollow rod having along its length an upper recessed zone similar to a circular segment and incorporates at each lateral extremity a continuous, capturing recess extending towards an interior of the rod. A protection insert is placed on the zone and retained by the recesses. The rod is covered with longitudinal corrugations. The holding subassembly includes a bracket for attaching to an external recipient and a sleeve flange for supporting the rod and for interengaging with the bracket. The bracket includes a wedge-shaped element, while the sleeve flange has a flange with a recess complimentary to the foregoing element. By inserting the wedge-shaped element into the complementary recess, an interengagement between those parts which incorporate the former and the latter occurs.

Abstract: A bracket for mounting a sensor. The bracket may include a base with a base loading mechanism for mating with the sensor, a first arm attached to the base, and a second arm adjustably attached to the base. The first arm may include a first arm loading mechanism for mating with the sensor.

Abstract: An improved system for securing a display device mounting bracket to a surface mounting bracket in a mounting system. A fastener connects to a movable extension component that is movably engaged with the device mounting bracket. When a device mounting bracket has been correctly positioned relative to the surface mounting bracket, the movable extension component is moved until a portion of the surface mounting bracket is positioned between the device mounting bracket and the movable extension component, thereby preventing the device mounting bracket from moving away from the surface mounting bracket.

Abstract: A hanging storage frame is provided for supporting a variety of items between a pair of parallel structural supports, such as ceiling joists, or roof truss chords. The present invention is particularly suitable for use in residential garages. Preferably constructed of tubular or angular material the storage frame consists of two pairs of slidably coupled vertical members positioned between two pairs of slidably adjustable horizontal members. The lower set of horizontal members being substantially longer than the upper members and include a plurality of fasteners to hang items such as shovels, rakes and the like. The height and width of the frame is adjustable to accommodate variety of building frame configurations. The frame is mounted using a pair of pivoting mounts which can adjust to accommodate placement on bottom truss chords or within diagonal web members. Used in tandem the frames can store items such as canoes and lumber.

Abstract: A post anchor for securing a support post for a structure comprises a base with four upstanding sidewalls forming a cavity into which a post is inserted, and means to secure the post inside the cavity. Interior ribs and exterior augmented corners resist deformation under pressure exerted by the post. Interior channels allow water to drain from inside the cavity toward a drain hole. The anchor post is slightly elevated relative to the ground, allowing air and water to circulate around the post and post anchor. The post anchor is made of a thermoplastic polymer which is given a textured surface, and may include an ultraviolet protection additive.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pivoting mechanism for a stand which is supported for pivotal motion on a rear face of an apparatus body, including: a body side secured section secured to said apparatus body; a stand side secured section secured to said stand; a pivot shaft configured to connect said body side secured section and said stand side secured section to each other and serving as a fulcrum for the pivotal motion of said stand with respect to said apparatus body; a spring member configured to provide pivoting force to said stand in a direction in which an end portion of said stand approaches a lower end portion of said apparatus body; and a pivoting angle changing lever configured to change the pivotal motion permitting angle of said stand with respect to said apparatus body in response to an operation position thereof.

Abstract: A portable easel is built light enough to be carried yet rugged enough to withstand continued out door use and has no loose parts to have to assemble. It is easily folded into a manageable size package, closed and held closed with gas springs. An elastic strap is employed across the closed legs to prevent the easel from being inadvertently opened. A shoulder strap is provided to carry the easel to remote locations. From a folded position an easy open portable easel can be set up easily and quickly by releasing the elastic strap and gently pulling the front legs outward to allow the gas springs to travel over center and push outward. There are no parts to attach or detach when opening an easy open portable easel After the basic frame is deployed, extend the telescoping legs and adjust the easel orientation and height, swing the upper canvas support bar and bracket out and up and push down to latch.

Abstract: A device for displaying photographs or other similar flat items comprising a first panel, a second panel connected to the first panel, first and second flap segments connected to bottom edges of the first and second panels, respectively, and a third and fourth panel connected to left and right side edges of the first and second panels, wherein all panel connections are along fold lines. A sloping cut disposed on each of the first and second panels is designed to create a “V” shaped slit in the middle of the device. A hole disposed at the midpoint of the slit accommodates a single point hanging means. Two holes disposed at the extreme ends of the slit accommodate a line hanging means. A folded state is achieved by folding the device along the fold lines and by maintaining suitable angles for the panels and flap segments. In both the folded and unfolded condition, adhesive on the third and fourth panels is used to secure the device on to the back of a photograph or other similar flat item.

Abstract: A device for hanging an object on a surface. The device includes a body portion, a channel, a locking member and an attachment member. The channel passes through the body portion and is configured to receive an elongated connecting member. The locking member protrudes into the channel and is configured to releasably engage the elongated connecting member and prevent the elongated connecting member from passing through the channel when engaged. The attachment member is connected to the body portion and is configured to attach the body portion to the object to be hung.

Abstract: Described are a tensioning device and a stand having a tensioning device of this type. In a stand for clamping rod-shaped units (Christmas trees), a flexible force transfer element (wire rope) (4) is wound on a rotatable tensioning body (5) and thus tightened. The rotatable tensioning body (5) is rotated about its rotation axis (18) by means of a drive wheel (7) which is connected non-rotatably to the tensioning body and whose diameter is several times larger than that of the tensioning body (5). A safety catch (6) prevents the tensioning body (5) from turning backwards automatically into the locking position and allows the tensioning body (5) to turn backwards into the release position.

Abstract: The present invention serves to anchor appurtenances to wallboards without requiring a hollow void or cavity behind the wallboard and providing a secure stable attachment. In preferred embodiments, the wallboard anchor of the present invention has an arcuate shank or prong, having a distal point, that is inserted into the wallboard on an upward curved path, a wall engaging portion proximate the arcuate prong contacts and engages the outer surface of the wall. Preferably, the wall-engaging portion presents a vertical flat surface and the arcuate prong extends directly from the flat surface of the wall-engaging portion, initially perpendicularly from the, and then sweeps upwardly with a radius of curvature. The radius of curvature is preferably about equal to or less than the thickness of the wallboard to which the appurtenance is attached.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pressure equalizing means for regulating the hydrostatic pressure of an infusion liquid by attaching the liquid container, containing the infusion liquid, to a static point via a resilient member which is adapted to maintain the level of the liquid in the liquid container in a substantially constant height relative to the static point.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bracket for fixing a compressor capable of reducing vibration generated due to resonance occurring when a specific frequency generated from the compressor matches with a natural frequency of the bracket for fixing the compressor. The bracket for fixing the compressor includes a body section extending in one direction and a folding section coupled so as to change the natural frequency of the bracket. The bracket for fixing the compressor includes a body section extending in one direction and a weight coupled to the body section so as to reduce displacement when the bracket is vibrated.

Abstract: An exemplary mounting apparatus for a storage device includes a bracket, and a latch member assembly. The storage device includes a plurality of apertures defined in a sidewall thereof. The bracket includes a plurality of apertures defined in a side panel thereof, corresponding to the apertures of the storage device. The latch assembly includes a frame fixed to the side panel, a sliding member slidably attached to the frame, and a latch member attached to sliding member. The latch member includes a plurality of tips extending therefrom. The sliding member is movable in a direction parallel to the side panel. The latch member is accordingly movable toward or away from the side panel in a direction perpendicular to the side panel. The tips of the latch member extend into or withdraw from the apertures of the side panel and the storage device to secure or disengage the storage device.

Abstract: An angle adjustment apparatus for an electronic device according to the present invention can be inexpensively formed by a compact and simple structure and readily assembled and disassembled. When a telephone set as an electronic device is in a small inclination position, auxiliary plates are substantially in parallel to supports of a leg. Tips of the auxiliary plates are brought into abutment against right surfaces of the first projections. Click portions of the supports are brought into abutment against left surfaces of the second projections. Accordingly, the supports cannot be further rotated counterclockwise with respect to the base. When the telephone set is in a large inclination position, the auxiliary plates are perpendicular to the supports. The tips of the auxiliary plates are brought into abutment against the engagement portions of the base. The click portions of the supports are located between the first projections and the second projections.

Abstract: A pocket bun pan for cooking pocket-shaped sandwich buns. The pocket bun pan includes a surface defining at least one mold, each mold providing a space for shaping a pocket-shaped sandwich bun. Each mold includes a ridge substantially surrounded by a cup.

Abstract: An improved tie rod for use in concrete construction is provided. The tie rod has opposing ends, referred to as ears that may be used as wedges in a subsequent concrete construction operation. In a first wall form system, the ears of the tie rod are broken off when the forms are stripped from the cured concrete structure. The ears of the tie rod have tapered shapes enabling them to be used as wedges in a second or subsequent wall form system. The wedges are used with pins that secure abutting edges of adjacent wall form panels.

Abstract: An improved tie rod for use in concrete construction is provided. The tie rod has opposing ends, referred to as ears that may be used as wedges in a subsequent concrete construction operation. In a first wall form system, the ears of the tie rod are broken off when the forms are stripped from the cured concrete structure. The ears of the tie rod have tapered shapes enabling them to be used as wedges in a second or subsequent wall form system. The wedges are used with pins that secure abutting edges of adjacent wall form panels.

Abstract: A light facility includes one or more batteries disposed in a housing, a processor device includes two power terminals coupled to the batteries and includes a switch terminal and a key terminal and three light terminals, a light device may be energized by the battery and includes a red light member, a green light member, and a blue light member coupled to the three light terminals of the processor device for being operated to generate red light, green light, and blue light, a switch is selectively coupled to either the switch terminal or the key terminal of the processor device for actuating the light device to generate lights, or gradually darkened light, or gradually brightened light.

Abstract: A method of operating an imager to have increased capacitance on a pixel output or column output line during most reset signal and pixel signal sampling operations from the line. The increased capacitance is achieved by switching in multiple sample and hold capacitors during the sampling operations.

Abstract: In one embodiment, apparatus for integrating a quantity of light is provided with a photosensor, an integration capacitor, and a transfer amplifier. The transfer amplifier has i) an input coupled to receive a voltage determined by the integration capacitor, and ii) an output. The apparatus is further provided with a first switch to pull the integration capacitor to a precharge voltage, and a second switch to couple the integration capacitor to the photosensor, to discharge the integration capacitor in proportion to a quantity of light that is incident on the photosensor. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device used in an optical disk device driving an optical disk, includes: an optical pickup device detecting an optical signal irradiated to the optical disk and converting the detected optical signal into an electric signal to output the electric signal; and a light amount detecting circuit amplifying the electric signal output from the optical pickup device, the optical pickup device including a plurality of light receiving elements different in receiving sensitivity and the light amount detecting circuit including at least one amplifier or two or more amplifiers of the same amplifying characteristics.

Abstract: A fusion night vision system having image intensification and thermal imaging capabilities includes an edge detection filter circuit to aid in acquiring and identifying targets. An outline of the thermal image is generated and combined with the image intensification image without obscuration of the image intensification image. The fusion night vision system may also include a parallax compensation circuit to overcome parallax problems as a result of the image intensification channel being spaced from the thermal channel. The fusion night vision system may also include a control circuit configured to maintain a perceived brightness through an eyepiece over a mix of image intensification information and thermal information. The fusion night vision system may incorporate a targeting mode that allows an operator to acquire a target without having the scene saturated by a laser pointer.

Abstract: An optical device for sensing an incident optical wave within a wavelength range includes a first array and a second array of electrodes superposed on a substrate, and a sensor connected to the contacts. The arrays are interdigitated. Each array includes its own parameters: contact width, contact thickness, groove width, and a groove dielectric constant. A structure associated with the arrays resonantly couples the incident wave and a local electromagnetic resonance or hybrid mode including at least a surface plasmon cavity mode (CM). For coupling the CM, an aspect ratio of contact thickness to spacing between electrodes is at least 1. A preferred structure for coupling a hybrid mode for high bandwidth and responsivity includes a higher dielectric constant in alternating grooves. The substrate may include silicon, including silicon-on-insulator (SOI). An SOI device having a alternating grooves with a higher dielectric, e.g., silicon oxide, provides 0.25 A/W and 30 GHz bandwidth.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a chamber, an electromechanical driver, a window, and a mechanical cantilever. The chamber has an interior in which the mechanical cantilever is located. The mechanical cantilever has a first end that is attached to the electro-mechanical driver and has second end that is free. The driver is configured to drive the mechanical cantilever to perform an oscillatory motion. The window is located along a wall of the chamber to enable external light to enter the chamber and illuminate a portion of the mechanical cantilever. The mechanical cantilever is configured to mechanically respond to being illuminated by the external light entering the chamber via the window.

Abstract: Three-dimensional wiring can be easily laid and an electrode terminating on a slanted surface can be easily formed. A photoelectric coupling assembly comprises a photoelectric conversion unit and a molded article. The molded article includes a hole to receive an optical fiber, a distal end surface being slanted to an axis of the hole, a side surface forming an acute angle with the distal end surface, and an electrode mounted to the distal end surface. The electrode has a first end terminating within the distal end surface and a second end having an end surface exposed on the side surface. A method includes holding a wiring plate having a lead in a state where a supported end of the lead is positioned on a side surface of the molded article and insert-molding the article, cutting the wiring plate from the article, and mounting the conversion unit on the distal end surface.

Abstract: An optical sensor device (10, 10?) is able to be coupled to a pane (14), particularly to a windscreen of a motor vehicle. A sensor unit (12) of the device (10, 10?) has a transmitter (26), a receiver (28) and a photoconductor structure with a first fresnel lens (42) associated with the transmitter (26) and a second fresnel lens (44) associated with the receiver (28). The fresnel lenses (42, 44) are arranged such that a diverging light beam (34) emitted from the transmitter (26) is oriented in parallel through the first fresnel lens (42) and is coupled into the pane (14) as a parallel light beam (34a) without further substantial deflection. The parallel light beam (34a) is coupled out from the pane (14) as a parallel light beam (34b) after at least one reflection inside the pane (14). The light beam (34b) impinges onto the receiver (28) as a converging light beam through the second fresnel lens (44).

Abstract: A system to provide visible lighting of a selectable spectral characteristic (e.g. a selectable color combination of light) uses an optical integrating cavity to combine light of different wavelengths from different sources. Sources of light of different wavelengths, typically different color LEDs, supply light into the interior of the cavity. The cavity has a diffusely reflective interior surface and an aperture for allowing emission of combined light. Modulation of the light sources, e.g. pulse width modulation of LED drive currents, controls the amount of each light wavelength supplied to the cavity and thus the amount included in the combined output through the aperture and any associated optical processing element. Examples are also disclosed that utilize phosphor doping of one or more of the system's reflective elements, to add desired wavelengths of light to the combined output.

Abstract: The present invention employs a beam steering apparatus to isolate valuable cells from other cells, tissues, and contaminants. In one embodiment, the system balances optical trapping against biasing flow to parallelize cell sorting under the flexible control of computer program-directed traps which differentially manipulate cells based on their composition or labels to direct separation.

Abstract: A dose calibrator source standard includes a container comprising a cylindrical barrel and a support member which extends radially outward of the cylindrical barrel. A radioactive source-containing material is sealed within the container. The radioactive source-containing material comprising a radionuclide dispersed within a matrix material.

Abstract: An ion sampling apparatus for use in a mass spectrometry system. The ion sampling apparatus includes a target support for receiving a sample, an irradiation source for emitting energetic radiation or particles toward the target support, and a conduit having a curved end and a longitudinal axis, the curved end having an inlet with a central axis, the conduit being adjacent to the target support. The longitudinal axis of the conduit and the central axis of the inlet intersect to define an angle that is between about 20 degrees and about 210 degrees.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for pumping a gas. The method includes the steps of ionizing the gas, separating the ionized gas into groups of positive and negative ions using positive and negative electric fields and separately pulling the groups of positive and negative ions along a channel using the negative and positive electric fields.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus by an electron beam comprises: an electron-optical device 70 having an electron-optical system for irradiating the object with a primary electron beam from an electron beam source, and a detector for detecting the secondary electron image projected by the electron-optical system; a stage system 50 for holding and moving the object relative to the electron-optical system; a mini-environment chamber 20 for supplying a clean gas to the object to prevent dust from contacting to the object; a working chamber 31 for accommodating the stage device, the working chamber being controllable so as to have a vacuum atmosphere; at least two loading chambers 41, 42 disposed between the mini-environment chamber and the working chamber, adapted to be independently controllable so as to have a vacuum atmosphere; and a loader 60 for transferring the object to the stage system through the loading chambers.

Abstract: The charged particle beam device of this invention separately detects secondary signal particles emitted from the surface of a sample, dark field signal particles scattered within and transmitted through the sample, bright field signal particles transmitted through the sample without being scattered within the sample, and thereby allows the operator to observe the image with an optimum contrast according to applications. In order to detect only the dark field transmitted signal particles scattered within the sample, among the transmitted signal particles obtained by the primary charged particle beams having transmitted through the thin film sample, the device includes a transmitted signal conversion member having an opening through which the bright field transmitted signal particles not being scattered within the sample can pass, and a detection means for detecting signals colliding against the conversion member.

Abstract: Disclosed is a scanning electron microscope capable of performing speedy focusing by automatically measuring an electrostatic voltage of a surface of a wafer inside a specimen chamber in an accurate, and easy speedy manner, the wafer assuming different electrostatic voltages inside and outside the specimen chamber. The scanning electron microscope that controls optical systems measures an electrostatic voltage of the specimen according to an electrostatic capacitance between the both parts of the divided electrode plate, by dividing an electrode plate into two parts and switching potentials of electrodes obtained by the division with each other, an electrostatic voltage of the specimen based on an electrostatic capacitance between the both parts of the divided electrode plate. The electrode plate is used for applying a retarding voltage and arranged over a specimen.

Abstract: Electrophotographic charging devices that can be used to charge or discharge, for example, a receptor in the electrophotographic process are provided. According to various embodiments, the exemplary charging devices can include a coronode disposed opposing and spaced apart from a receptor, and a plurality of nanostructures, wherein each of the plurality of nanostructures has an end, edge, or side in electrical contact with the coronode. The exemplary charging devices including the nanostructures can use less power, i.e. voltage and/or current than conventional charging devices and produce a reduced amount of oxidizing agents, such as, ozone and NOx. The nanostructures can serve to increase the intensity of the local electric fields for more efficient charge generation at reduced voltages.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein to provide improved cameras and camera systems. For example, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a networkable camera system is disclosed that is able to provide up to a 360° field of view and is operable during day and night conditions by utilizing thermal imagers.

Abstract: A night vision system including a power system having a low voltage unit coupled to a high voltage unit. The low voltage unit includes a low voltage controller and a low voltage table correlating step values to pulse widths, the low voltage controller obtaining a desired pulse width and accessing the table to obtain a step value. The high voltage unit including an opto-isolator for receiving the step value from the low voltage controller, a high voltage controller response to the step value accessing a high voltage table correlating step values to pulse width to obtain a pulse width, the high voltage controller generating a control pulse in response to the pulse width.

Abstract: Methods to infer the density of defects in high ? dielectric films in a non-contact, non-invasive and non-destructive manner. THz radiation is employed to measure the change in electrical conductivity of the films before and after illumination with visible light, where the visible light photoionizes the defects thereby changing the electrical conductivity and changing the transmission (or reflection) of THz radiation from the films. The disclosed techniques can be employed to make measurements as soon as wafers are fabricated. The technology is applicable to wafers of any size.

Abstract: An electronic receiver for decoding data encoded into light is described. The light is received at an ultra-small resonant structure. The resonant structure generates an electric field in response to the incident light. An electron beam passing near the resonant structure is altered on at least one characteristic as a result of the electric field. Data is encoded into the light by a characteristic that is seen in the electric field during resonance and therefore in the electron beam as it passes the electric field. Alterations in the electron beam are thus correlated to data values encoded into the light.

Abstract: A radiant energy imaging system is used to create an electronic image of a person entering a security controlled area to detect weapons or contraband concealed under their clothing. The electronic image is electronically transmitted to a processing center where it is evaluated by a human and/or software algorithms for the presence of concealed objects. The resulting evaluation, consisting of digitally represented information, is electronically transmitted back to the examination site. In one embodiment this processed data is displayed as a graphical outline of the concealed objects superimposed on an optical image of the person. In another embodiment, the processed data is used to control a personnel barrier controlling access into the security controlled area. In another embodiment a network allocation server selectively routes the electronic images from two or more body scanners to two or more processing centers.

Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacture of Cadmium Mercury Telluride (CMT) on patterned silicon, especially to growth of CMT on silicon substrates bearing integrated circuitry. The method of the invention involves growing CMT in selected growth windows on the silicon substrate by first growing one or more buffer layers by MBE and then growing the CMT by MOVPE. The growth windows may be defined by masking the area outside of the growth windows. Growth within the growth windows is crystalline whereas any growth outside the growth windows is polycrystalline and can be removed by etching. The invention offers a method of growing CMT structures directly on integrated circuits removing the need for hybridisation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detector which suppress the crosstalk between detector cells while improving the acquisition efficiency of X-ray radiation. The detector includes a plurality of detector cells, arranged along a detection plane of X-ray, in which each detector cell has a scintillator unit made of a scintillator, and a photodiode for transduce the light incoming from the scintillator unit into electric signals. The scintillator units are partitioned each from another by the border, which has a groove extending in the channel and row directions. A scintillator is provided in some part of the border in the incident X-ray direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting gamma-rays is provided, wherein the gamma-ray detector apparatus includes a plurality of detector elements arranged in a stacked configuration. Each of the plurality of detector elements may include, a detector wafer having at least one anode separated from a cathode via a wafer material, wherein the wafer material includes a wafer material thickness d, and a wafer interface, wherein the wafer interface is electrically connected to the at least one anode.

Abstract: A radiation detector assembly has a semiconductor detector array substrate of CdZnTe or CdTe, having a plurality of detector cell pads on a first surface thereof, the pads having a contact metallization and a solder barrier metallization. An interposer card has planar dimensions no larger than planar dimensions of the semiconductor detector array substrate, a plurality of interconnect pads on a first surface thereof, at least one readout semiconductor chip and at least one connector on a second surface thereof, each having planar dimensions no larger than the planar dimensions of the interposer card. Solder columns extend from contacts on the interposer first surface to the plurality of pads on the semiconductor detector array substrate first surface, the solder columns having at least one solder having a melting point or liquidus less than 120 degrees C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of determining a characteristic of radiation detected by a radiation detector via a multiple-pixel event having a plurality of radiation interactions. The method includes determining a cathode-to-anode signal ratio for a selected interaction of the plurality of radiation interactions based on electron drift time data for the selected interaction, and determining the radiation characteristic for the multiple-pixel event based on both the cathode-to-anode signal ratio and the electron drift time data. In some embodiments, the method further includes determining a correction factor for the radiation characteristic based on an interaction depth of the plurality of radiation interactions, a lateral distance between the selected interaction and a further interaction of the plurality of radiation interactions, and the lateral positioning of the plurality of radiation interactions.

Abstract: A system to detect an article includes one or more terahertz modules. Each module either generates or receives, or both generates and receives, terahertz radiation. Some of the terahertz radiation is reflected from the article and the remainder of the terahertz radiation is transmitted through the article. A processor analyzes the reflected and transmitted terahertz radiation to characterize the article.