Abstract: A driving-side rotatable body includes a driving-side inner gear, which has an axial extent that does not overlap with an axial extent of a driven-side inner gear of a driven-side rotatable body. A driven-side outer gear and a driving-side outer gear of a planet gear are meshed with and are driven together with the driven-side inner gear and the driving-side inner gear, so that the planet gear changes a relative rotational phase between the driven-side rotatable body and the driving-side rotatable body. A length of a tooth contact between the driven-side inner gear and the driven-side outer gear measured in a direction of a tooth trace thereof is set to be longer than a length of a tooth contact between the driving-side inner gear and the driving-side outer gear measured in a direction of a tooth trace thereof.

Abstract: A rocker cover assembly for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine includes a rock cover, a gasket element and a stabilizing core. The gasket element is disposed between the rocker cover and the cylinder head, and includes a sealing material. The stabilizing core is inserted in the gasket element and surrounded at least essentially completely by the sealing material of the gasket element. The stabilizing core is isolated from the rocker cover such that the sealing material of the gasket element is arranged between the stabilizing core and the rocker cover.

Abstract: The start control procedure of the invention lags an open-close timing VVT of an intake valve, restricts a throttle opening TH of a throttle valve, and starts cranking an engine with a lower torque Tlow. When a pressure Pf of a fuel supplied to in-cylinder fuel injection valves reaches or exceeds a preset reference value, which is greater than a sum of an in-cylinder compression pressure Pin and a closed valve position-retaining pressure Pcv of the in-cylinder fuel injection valves, the start control procedure cranks the engine with a standard cranking torque Tset. The start control procedure then starts advance of the open-close timing VVT of the intake valve, cancels the restriction of the throttle opening TH, and starts fuel injection from the in-cylinder fuel injection valves.

Abstract: An engine has variable-valve mechanisms. An engine control system has an engine control unit for executing automatic stop and start control. At an automatic-stop, the variable-valve mechanisms are controlled to obtain a valve operation characteristic suitable for a restart of the engine. When a catalyst is in an inactivated state, the variable-valve mechanisms are controlled to reduce the amount of residual gas leaking out from cylinders. At an automatic-start, the control of the variable-valve mechanism is prohibited and an intake air is adjusted by using a throttle valve. At an automatic-stop, the engine speed is abruptly reduced so that the engine speed passes through a resonant revolution speed area in a short period of time. When the voltage of a battery is low, the control of the variable-valve mechanism may be prohibited.

Abstract: This invention describes an improved intake tube for internal combustion vehicles by locally increasing and then decreasing the airflow over the Mass Airflow Sensor (MAS) preventing a lean condition, which over time is catastrophic to the life of the engine. The intake tube has a cross sectional area that decreases in proximity to the MAS, causing the increase in airflow velocity of the intake air.

Abstract: An intake manifold assembly (10) includes a plenum (14) and a variable volume assembly (20). The variable volume assembly (20) includes a deformable member (22) and a biasing member (24). The biasing member (24) positions the deformable member (22) at a predetermined position in response to a vacuum pressure within the plenum (14) to define a volume within the deformable member (22) to change the operational characteristics of the intake manifold assembly (10).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a support structure, including a tube and a hollow stator core, supported by and rigidly affixed to the tube. Additionally, a rotor assembly is eccentrically and rotatably mounted about the stator core and having a pair of partial sidewalls, each of which defines a circular opening. A pair of shaft seals, in which each shaft seal is set into one of the circular openings and are rotatably mounted about the tube. The stator core, rotor and shaft seals together define multiple, separate sealed chambers that change volume as the rotor moves. Finally, ignition, intake and exhaust mechanisms are mounted internal to the hollow stator core.

Abstract: A glow member, preferably in the shape of a ring, assists ignition and combustion of a fuel used in an internal combustion engine. A fuel injection valve injects a plurality of fuel jets directly into a combustion chamber during operation of the engine so that the fuel jets are aimed to the proximity of the glow member such that ignition of fuel in each fuel jet is assisted by the glow member. The glow member is made from high temperature materials and can include catalytic materials to further promote combustion. The glow member can be actively heated, for example by an electric current, in addition to being passively heated by the heat generated within the combustion chamber by the combustion of the fuel therein.

Abstract: A method of injecting gaseous fuel into an internal combustion engine comprises selecting one of at least two predetermined operating modes as a function of engine load and engine speed. The engine includes a fuel injection valve with an actuator for changing a commanded amplitude for lifting a valve needle during injection, and for changing, from one combustion cycle to the next, the shape of an actuation pulse defined by commanded amplitude plotted against time. In a first operating mode, which corresponds to low load and low speed range, the actuation pulse has a rectangular shape. In a second operating mode, which corresponds to at least one of a greater load and a greater speed range, the actuation pulse includes at least two shape-defining segments with the commanded amplitude for the first segment being less than 90% of the amplitude for a subsequent second segment.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the steps of: comparing a vibration waveform of an engine and a knock waveform model stored in advance to calculate a correlation coefficient K; prohibiting correction when a correction prohibiting condition of a determination value V(KX) is satisfied, the determination value V(KX) compared with a knock magnitude N calculated from the correlation coefficient K so as to control the ignition timing; and correcting the determination value V(KX) based on a magnitude value LOG(V) calculated from a magnitude V of vibration in an ignition cycle in which the correlation coefficient K greater than a threshold value K(1) is calculated when the correction prohibiting condition of determination value V(KX) is not satisfied. The correlation coefficient K is calculated as a smaller value when the vibration waveform includes a waveform of vibration of a noise component as compared with that when the vibration waveform does not include it.

Abstract: A double system of fuel injection type internal combustion engine includes: a direct injection injector and a port fuel injection injector; a control unit for changing a fuel injection distribution ratio of fuels injected from these injectors; a delivery pipe for the direct injection injector; a high pressure fuel pump; a fuel pressure sensor and a fuel temperature sensor for detecting a fuel pressure and a fuel temperature in the delivery pipe; and a fuel regulating unit for regulating the fuel pressure and fuel temperature in the delivery pipe. The control unit can control the fuel regulating unit so as to lower the exceeding value thereof when the fuel injection distribution ratio of the port fuel injection injector is higher than that of the direct injection injector and at least one of the fuel pressure value and fuel temperature value exceeds an aimed value.

Abstract: Method for controlling and improving the transient emissions of an electronically controlled heavy duty diesel engine having an ECM with memory, a turbocharger and an EGR system.

Abstract: A plurality of piston pumps form a set of piston pumps, each including one drive region and at least one pumping region. The a set of piston pumps includes at least two piston pumps of different models, and the pumping regions of all the piston pumps the set are embodied as structurally identical pumping modules.

Abstract: In a fuel supply arrangement for supplying fuel from a fuel tank to the fuel injectors of an internal combustion engine by an electrically operated fuel pump, a first fuel pressure level adequate for normal engine operation is provided by the fuel pump and means are provided for increasing the fuel injection pressure provided by the pump for supplying fuel at a higher pressure level to the fuel injectors during an engine start-up or warm-up phase.

Abstract: The sealing element has a ring consisting of an elastic material. The ring consists of a continuous support section, a first sealing lip, formed thereon for sealing the injector casing and a second sealing lip for sealing the cylinder head. The sealing lips project substantially inwards in a radial direction and together with the support section form a continuous groove of the ring. An alignment member is at least partially positioned in the groove of the ring, the alignment member is configured such that when a valve stem portion of the injector casing is positioned through the ring, the alignment member physically contacts the valve stem portion at two or more distinct locations to fix the ring non-positively around the valve stem portion such that the ring is prevented from physically contacting the valve stem portion.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor state detecting apparatus for detecting a state of an acceleration sensor provided at a vibrating body includes a calculating method for calculating a difference between measured results of the acceleration sensor obtained per first predetermined time that is shorter than a vibration period of the vibrating body, and a determining method for determining that the acceleration sensor is in an error state in a case that a state in which the difference calculated falls into a range between a predetermined upper limit value and a predetermined lower limit value continues for a second predetermined time or more.

Abstract: High pressure post injection using only one valve is accomplished by fluidly connecting the control valve (76) in a fuel injection pump system (50) to the upper nozzle chamber (70) of a fuel injector (60), and connecting the upper nozzle to a reservoir (80) by way of a restriction. The restriction creates enough residual pressure in the fuel circuit to enable high pressure post injection by closing the control valve (76) a second time.

Abstract: A fuel delivery device in which a preliminary filter and a throttle are provided in a drive line of a suction jet pump. The throttle is integrally formed with or connected to a preliminary filter to thereby reduce the manufacturing costs and simplify installation.

Abstract: A family of canisters that includes at least two canisters that are adapted to filter a flow of fluid from a fuel tank. Each canister includes a first portion that defines a first perimeter and a first area each common to all canisters of the family. A second portion defines a second perimeter and a second area each common to all canisters of the family. A cover portion defines a third perimeter and a third area each common to all canisters of the family. A body portion cooperates with the first portion, the second portion, and the cover portion to define an interior space having a volume, a characteristic dimension, and a characteristic length. The volume of each canister of the family is different and the ratio of the characteristic length to characteristic dimension of each of the canisters is between about 1.5 and 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid fuel reforming catalyst which reforms liquid fuel to have a more efficient combustion characteristic by using minus-ionizing in the fuel. The device improves the power output, fuel economy, reduces the Particulate Material (PM) in the exhaust gas, and relates to a liquid fuel reforming device which contains a liquid fuel reforming catalyst utilizing tourmaline, far-infrared radiation emitting substance, alumina and binding material crushed into powder, mixed, granulated and calcined.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing polluting emissions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for mechanically driving a supercharger and a combination harmonic pulley system and supercharger mounted on a powered vehicle including a crankshaft, the supercharger having a supercharger driveshaft and adapted to provide boost air to the intake of the internal combustion engine, driving the crankshaft which rotates the harmonic pulley system. In general the harmonic pulley system includes a harmonic balancer, a drive shaft pulley, a crankshaft bolt, an alignment structure and a drive belt. The harmonic balancer having a first and second ledge, an annular ring and a central aperture, the driveshaft pulley having an inner and outer region, the inner region includes a first shoulder and presenting a pulley aperture aligned with the central aperture, the outer region including a second shoulder and providing an engaging surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for an internal combustion engine (200) includes a base engine (201) having an intake system (217) and an exhaust system (209). A turbine (203) has an inlet in fluid communication with the exhaust system (209), and an outlet. A first exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler (211) fluidly communicates with the intake system (217) and the exhaust system (209) of the engine (200). An EGR valve (213) is in fluid communication with the EGR cooler (211), and a purge valve (205) is in fluid communication with the EGR cooler (211) and the outlet of the turbine (203).

Abstract: A supercharging system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust introduction passage for introducing exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine; an exhaust discharge passage for introducing the exhaust gas from the exhaust introduction passage and exhausting the exhaust gas to an exterior; a mixture part arranged between the exhaust introduction passage and the exhaust discharge passage, for changing internal pressure into negative pressure upon accelerating flowing velocity of the exhaust gas with a narrowed flowing passage set to have a smaller diameter than the exhaust introduction pipe; an absorption passage for mixing outside air and the exhaust gas inside the mixture part upon introducing the outside air with use of negative pressure into an inside of the mixture part; and an intake passage for taking out and returning a part of mixed gas mixed inside the mixture part to a side of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine utilizes either internal or external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), while providing an overall stoichiometric fuel/air ratio. An EGR system provides recirculated exhaust gas to the engine, and an engine controller regulates fuel flow to control torque and achieve a stoichiometric fuel/air ratio. A three-way catalyst can be applied to the exhaust gas to produce near-zero emissions. In addition, turbocharging or mechanical supercharging can also be used to increase power.

Abstract: In an intake valve lift variable engine including: an engine body; a cylinder head; an intake valve which is disposed in the cylinder head and which is controlled to be open and close so as to regulate the amount of intake air; and an intake system having no throttle valve and connected to the cylinder head, blow-by gas is sucked from a crank case of the engine body into a first pump and pressurizingly transferred by the first pump to the side of the intake system, and purge gas from a canister is mixed into the blow-by gas pressurizingly transferred by the first pump. Thus, the blow-by gas and the purge gas are guided to the intake system.

Abstract: A feedback control of an air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine is performed in such a manner that when fuel injection is resumed from a condition where fuel injection is stopped due to deceleration running, air-fuel ratio feedback control is resumed once the output from an air-fuel ratio sensor indicates an air-fuel ratio less than or equal to a threshold value SL.

Abstract: A crossbow includes a safety mechanism located on the stock of the crossbow that prevents the crossbow from firing until the safety mechanism is properly engaged. The safety mechanism includes a push button that requires the operator appendages to be securely below the path of the traveling bolt before the trigger mechanism will release.

Abstract: Improved systems and methods for singulating a substrate into a plurality of integrated circuit devices are disclosed. One aspect of the invention corresponds to a fixture that holds the substrate during the dicing process. Another aspect of the invention pertains to a nozzle assembly that provides better fluid flow over the cutting blades. Another aspect of the invention corresponds to a nozzle adjustment assembly that helps position the nozzles relative to the blades. Another aspect of the invention corresponds to spacers that reduce the problem of imbalance caused by fluid retained therein. Yet another aspect pertains to the composition of the fluid, which is distributed by the nozzle assembly to the blades.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus that positions a wire saw driving device movably and appropriately at the desired site by freely moving an arm of a backhoe provided with a boom, which arm carries the wire saw driving device and is turnable and movable in upward, downward, leftward, rightward, forward, and backward directions, thus enabling cutting at sites too narrow in which to use a conventional machine. Cutting by use of a wire saw and by use of a disk blade can be alternately performed as needed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a block-texture-modifying apparatus for modifying the surface texture of blocks. The apparatus comprises a support for supporting blocks thereon, a multi-station block-texture modifier for engaging blocks on the support, and a translational displacer for imparting translational displacement between blocks on the support and the multi-station block-texture-modifier. The multi-station block-texture modifier comprises a pressure-applying station for applying a sustained pressure to blocks engaged thereby, and an impacting station for applying interrupted impact on blocks engaged thereby. The multi-station block-texture modifier modifies the surface texture of blocks on said support during said translational displacement. Also disclosed herein is a method for modifying the surface texture of blocks.

Abstract: A detachable coupling on a rotary drive is provided with first and second coupling surfaces (14, 17) arranged opposite each other. The coupling parts can be assembled without observing a preferential position. The first coupling surface (14) has a plurality of needles (15), which are arranged in a matrix-like pattern and point away from the coupling surface (14). The second coupling surface (17) has a fabric layer (18) designed to receive the needles (15).

Abstract: A medicament container (10) is disclosed which comprises at least two compartments (21, 22). Each of the compartments (21, 22) is adapted to contain a dose of a medicament in powdered form and is provided with at least one opening (23) through which, in use, the medicament can be dispensed. The container (10) is preferably cylindrical in form, the diameter of the cylinder being greater than its depth such that the container (10) has the form of a squat drum.

Abstract: Cigarettes are manufactured having smokable rods with paper wrapping materials having additive materials applied thereto as patterns. The additive materials can be applied to a continuous, moving paper web on a cigarette making apparatus using application apparatus possessing four rollers. One roller has a series of pockets to receive additive formulation and to define the pattern of the formulation on the paper. The additive material can be applied to a transfer roller in roll interaction with a pick-up roller. Roll interaction of the transfer roller with an application roller causes transfer of the additive material from the transfer roller to the application roller. Additive material from the application roller can be transferred to the paper web that passes between the application roller and a back-up roller. A radiant dryer can be used to dry the additive material applied to the paper web.

Abstract: An improved dental floss employing a planar substrate with one or a plurality of apertures formed therein. At each aperture, a pair of edible substrate side portions having a perimeter portion slightly larger than the perimeter of the aperture are positioned and joined to each other through the aperture in the planar substrate thereby securing the edible substrate to the planar substrate. Dismounting of the edible substrate is achieved by tensioning the planar substrate around a tooth during use and aided by saliva dissolving the edible substrate. The edible substrate can be flavored or impregnated with medicine, mouthwash or flavorings. Additionally at least one of the two side portions of the edible substrate may include a design element which may include a geometric shape, a cartoon shape, indicia, or a logo.

Abstract: An umbrella runner has two engaging slices respectively pivotally connected on two sides of the runner. A sleeve is displaceably disposed around the runner. An annular groove is provided on a top tube of the shaft of the umbrella. The sleeve can be moved upward and downward for pivoting the slices to position the runner and the umbrella in a stable open state.

Abstract: A method of plugging a pipeline includes the steps of welding onto the exterior of the pipeline (10) first (12) and second (14) spaced apart collars, each having a sealing face (26,26A) in a plane perpendicular the pipeline (10) axis. A containment housing (34,36) is affixed by welding to the collars (12,14) to fully encompass a section of the pipeline (10) between the collars (12,14). A tapping (60) machine is then removably attached to an open top of the containment housing (34). Using the tapping machine (60) a short length of the pipeline (10) is cut and removed from between the collars (12,14) leaving two open exposed pipe ends (78,80). First and second seal elements (92,94) are positioned between the collars (12,14), Each having a forward sealing face. The seal elements (92,94) are forced apart from each other into sealing engagement with the collar sealing faces thereby closing the open, exposed ends (78,80) of the pipe (10).

Abstract: Valves for controlling the release of a substance, include a housing having an inlet for connection to a source of the substance, an outlet, and a passage extending therebetween. The passage is enclosed by a ceramic disc and means are provided to apply an electrical pulse to the disc to break the disc and so connect the inlet to the outlet. The methods include containing the substance in a container, connecting the container to a valve; and applying an electrical pulse to the disc to break the disc and connect the inlet to the outlet. The valves and methods are particularly suited, but not limited, to the control of substances such as pressurised fire extinguishing media.

Abstract: A unitary water meter setter, preferably provided in an integral brass casting, has a continuous inlet pipe having an inwardly extending inlet service leg with a threaded end, and an inlet meter support leg extending upwardly with respect thereto to a threaded meter inlet end and a continuous outlet pipe having an inwardly extending outlet service leg aligned with the inlet service leg with a threaded end and an outlet meter support leg extending upwardly with respect thereto to a threaded meter outlet end. A central bracing structure rigidly connects spaces and positions the inlet and outlet pipes to receive a water meter and connecting components. The connecting components include a first set of two riser pipes each providing substantially the same rise, one of the riser pipes threadably connected at one end to the threaded meter inlet end of the inlet pipe, and the other riser pipe connected at one end to the meter outlet end of the outlet pipe.

Abstract: A method and system are shown for protecting the threaded ends of tubular goods such as oil field tubulars from physical damage and corrosion due to environmental factors. A thread protector is formed of a polymeric body having cylindrical wall portions which engage the threaded ends of the tubular goods. Instead of relying upon a separate thread compound or corrosion inhibitor applied to the exposed threads, the polymeric body has incorporated therein a corrosion inhibiting compound, which is blended within the polymeric body as a part of the manufacturing process used to mold the polymeric body. The thread protector of the present disclosure includes a weather barrier to minimize exposure of the threaded ends of the tubular goods to moisture and other contaminants. The weather barrier includes a weather barrier ring and an air vent.

Abstract: A multi-layered tube comprising a first inner polymeric tubular structure, a second foamed polymeric structure containing a plurality of short or long reinforcing elements dispersed therein and, optionally, a third cover layer on the outer surface of the reinforcing layer; and a method for manufacturing the multi-layered hose are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved heddle (2), on its end eyelet (7), has a spring means (14) which braces the end eyelet (7) resiliently in at least one direction on a heddle support rail 3. The spring means (14) serves to avoid play between the heddle (2) and the heddle shaft (1). This provision makes it possible to increase the operating speed of power looms.

Abstract: A low friction fabric constructed of a first layer of woven polyester fibers with an upper and lower woven surface attached to and adjacent a second layer of the same weave of polyester fibers, the second layer having an upper and lower surface. Each of the woven layers comprising a straight yarn in the warp of the weave pattern with the weaves of the layers being oriented at a 90 degree angle to one another.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the efficient and controllable delivery of cryogen liquid droplets into thin walled containers. Discharge of the droplets is facilitated using a horizontal displacement assembly to transport metered droplets from a liquid dosing unit to the point of injection above the container. The horizontal displacement assembly may be provided with internal heaters to prevent freeze up, and a sensor to confirm droplet discharge. It may also be provided with a separate source of heated nitrogen gas, which can be used to back purge the dispensing unit should it become clogged, to melt any frozen liquid occlusions which may have formed in the cryogen supply line.

Abstract: Device for drawing off hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic brake circuit of a vehicle/refilling the circuit with hydraulic fluid, and bleeding air from hydraulic fluid in the circuit. A pneumatic circuit having line elements from a compressed air connection to a compressed air-driven hydraulic pump, which is coupled into a hydraulic circuit to generate excess pressure and vacuum. A first brake fluid connection for the connection to a brake fluid reservoir or a bleed nipple on any vehicle wheel brake; a second brake fluid connection for drawing off old brake fluid from the brake circuit via the hydraulic circuit; and a third brake fluid connection for supplying fresh brake fluid to the vehicle brake circuit via the hydraulic circuit. A two-way valve, which opens a connection for extracting old brake fluid from the brake fluid reservoir, and opens a connection for refilling the brake fluid reservoir with fresh brake fluid.

Abstract: A carving assembly 10 for use in duplicating a blank or form. The carving assembly 10 includes stylus 112 and a tool holder 120 which are coupled together using a slidable carriage 14 to allow any movement of the stylus to cause a cutting tool 121 mounted in the tool holder 120 to move in the exact same manner. Carriage 14 is mounted upon a frame, assembly which permits sliding motion in two orthogonal directions 101, 102.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial ply tire incorporating a crown reinforcing structure comprises at least one reinforcing hoop located approximately on the equatorial plane and disposed radially inward of the tread and radially outward of the carcass structure. The hoop is surrounded or encased by a layer of elastomeric transition material providing a flexible structural connection between the hoop and the adjacent carcass structure and belt structure. The hoop may have a substantially lenticular shape, or a complex shape with two thickened sections or lobes connected by a thin waist-like section, or a shape and a location that is asymmetric with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, and may be made by winding a thin strip of material such as UHMWPE in an elastomeric matrix. The hoop may replace the belt structure of the tire.

Abstract: To provide a pneumatic tire in which noise can be reduced without changing the basic design of the block pattern, a chamfered portion 24 is provided at a tire widthwise-direction outer side end 18A of a leading edge 18A of a block 18. When the tire rolls and the block 18 contacts a road surface, first, with respect to the leading edge 18A, a flat portion 22 contacts the ground, and then the chamfered portion 24 contacts the ground. Because the height of the chamfered portion 24 gradually decreases towards the tire widthwise-direction outer side end, the leading edge 18A at the chamfered portion 24 gradually makes contact with the road surface, whereby force input that generates sound is dispersed in terms of input timing and it is possible to suppress the generation of noise (mainly a striking sound) at the initial state of the block 18 contacting the road surface.

Abstract: The invention is to improve wear resistance and resistance to crack growth of an off-the-road tire having a gauge of a tread rubber of 60-200 mm, in which a plurality of widthwise grooves extending substantially in a widthwise direction of the tire are arranged in each side region of the tread, and a pair of circumferential fine grooves continuously extending straight-forward or zigzag in a circumferential direction of the tire are arranged in a central zone of the tread, and a plurality of widthwise fine grooves extending substantially in the widthwise direction of the tire and contacting their grooves walls with each other in a ground contact area are arranged between these circumferential fine grooves.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to improve the running performance on snowy and icy roads, and for this purpose, blocks provided with sipes are formed at a tread portion. The sipes include an open top end that opens at a block surface and a bottom, and a configuration of the sipes in a plane parallel with the block surface comprises a zigzag part extending in the length direction of the sipes. The zigzag part displaces upon turning back to one side and to the other side in a length direction of the sipes in the course from the open top end to the bottom. At least one block includes a first sipe and a second sipe which depths of the turn-back points of displacement from the open top end and/or positions of the turn-back points of displacement in the length direction differ from each other.