Abstract: An electrical splice assembly includes a bus plate having a plurality of coplanar, spaced male blades extending from the bus plate in cantilever fashion, a plurality of female terminals attached to the male blades, and a generally U-shaped housing of extrudable shape. The housing has an elongate open end portion defining a terminal receiving cavity, a closed end portion and an intermediate portion defining a slot that communicates with the terminal receiving cavity. The bus plate is at least partially disposed in the slot and the spaced male blades are at least partially disposed in the terminal receiving cavity along with the female terminals attached to them. The bus plate is a sheet metal stamping and the housing is an extrusion. The female terminals are attached to selected ones of the male blades to form a sub-assembly that is inserted laterally into the housing so the bus plate is at least partially disposed in the slot and the female terminals are disposed in the terminal receiving cavity.

Abstract: A high-precision foamed coaxial cable includes an internal conductor constructed by stranding conductors, an insulator constructed by winding a porous tape around an outer circumference of the internal conductor, and an external conductor constructed by braiding a plurality of thin conductor wires around an outer circumference of the insulator. The insulator is formed to have a right circle external shape, an outside diameter of the insulator is formed smaller at a reduction rate of 3 to 5% than the outside diameter, immediately after the winding, of the insulator. The external conductor is formed to have a right circle external shape, an outside diameter of the external conductor is formed smaller at a reduction rate of 2 to 4% than the outside diameter, immediately after the braiding, of the external conductor, and precision of its characteristic impedance is set at ±1 ?.

Abstract: Provided are a halogen-free electric wire including an insulation coating the life of which is less reduced in the case of the insulating coating being in contact with a PVC-resin-containing member; a wire bundle including the halogen-free electric wire and a PVC-resin-containing member, wherein a reduction in the life of a covering material of the halogen-free electric wire is lessened; and an automotive wiring harness comprising the wire bundle. The halogen-free electric wire includes a conductor and a covering material that covers the outer surface of the conductor, wherein the covering material includes a polyolefin resin and a flame retardant, and the flame retardant contains aluminum hydroxide as a main component, in particular, at a ratio of 80 weight percent or more. The wire bundle includes the halogen-free electric wires and a member containing a vinyl chloride resin. The automotive wiring harness comprises the wire bundle.

Abstract: An improved electrical line comprising an electrical conductor (5) and a layer of thermoplastic material wherein the layer consists of at least one inner layer (6) and one outer layer (7) and the outer layer (7) comprises a lubricant which has migrated from the inner layer (6) into the outer layer (7).

Abstract: Conductive curable compositions contain a free radical polymerizable monomer, oligomer or polymer (i); an organoborane amine complex (ii), and an electrically or thermally conductive filler (iii). The conductive curable compositions can also contain an amine reactive compound having amine reactive groups (iv); and (v) a component capable of generating a gas when mixed with a compound bearing active hydrogen and a catalyst. The electrically conductive curable compositions can be used in composite articles of manufacture in which substrates are coated or bonded together with the composition and cured; and as electrically conductive rubbers, electrically conductive tapes, electrically conductive adhesives, electrically conductive foams, and electrically conductive pressure sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrically conductive elastomer mixture and to a method. The mixture comprises a thermoplastic styrene elastomer and, as an electrically conductive filler, metal-containing particles. The mixture further comprises a polymer which is an acid-grafted, acid-anhydride-grafted or acid-copolymer and which forms an IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) net-work structure with the styrene elastomer.

Abstract: The wired circuit board includes a metal supporting board, an insulating base layer formed on the metal supporting board, a conductive pattern formed on the insulating base layer, a semiconductive layer formed on the insulating base layer so as to cover the conductive pattern, and a ground connecting portion formed on the metal supporting board to be in contact with the metal supporting board and the semiconductive layer.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board (FPC) is disclosed which can eliminate the need for forming through holes and ensure the strength required for mounting components. The FPC has a metal foil layer formed only on one side of an insulating layer via an adhesive layer. The FPC is configured such that the insulating layer and the adhesive layer are partially removed, and the surface of the metal foil layer on the side from which the insulating layer and the adhesive layer have been removed is flattened. In a region from which the insulating layer and the adhesive layer have been removed, an overcoat layer for reinforcing the metal foil layer is provided along the metal foil layer on a surface opposite to the flattened surface. A drive IC is mounted on a first metal foil face of the metal foil layer and on a second metal foil face which is the flattened surface of the metal foil layer, and is provided with electrical conduction by the metal foil layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a metal pattern and a metal pattern obtained by the method. The method includes the steps of (I) forming on a substrate a polymer layer in which a polymer having a functional group that interacts with an electroless plating catalyst or a precursor thereof is chemically bonded directly to the substrate in a pattern form, (II) adding the electroless plating catalyst or precursor thereof to the polymer layer, and (III) forming a metal layer in the pattern form by electroless plating.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS]To provide a multilayer wiring board wherein high density wiring exceeding the application limit of the conventional build up wiring boards is made possible. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS]A wiring board is provided with a board, which is formed by stacking along a board flat plane direction of a plurality of dielectric layers arranged along a facing direction of the both main surfaces of the board, and an inner conductor pattern arranged on the surface of the dielectric layer. The adjacent dielectric layers are formed so as to interconnect by being continuously and integrally coupled with each other through being connected at the layer edges on one of the board main planes. The connecting portions of the adjacent dielectric layers are alternately provided on one of the board main planes, and the dielectric layers are formed in a shape of one dielectric sheet that is arranged by being bent.

Abstract: A plurality of bonding structures and their forming methods for bonding a FPC to a bonding pad, in particular a bonding pad of a wireless suspension in a head gimbal assembly, using anisotropic conductive adhesive; such structures eliminate the spring-back force in typical anisotropic bonding to ensure durable bonding. At the same time, these structures also allow for reworkability under which the bonded parts can be separated easily.

Abstract: A process of copper plating a through-hole in a printed circuit board, and the printed circuit board made from such process. The process comprises: providing a printed circuit board with at least two copper interconnect lines separated by an insulator in the vertical direction; providing a through-hole in the printed circuit board in the vertical direction such that the interconnect lines provide a copper land in the through-hole; applying a seed layer to an interior surface of the through-hole; removing an outermost portion of the seed layer from the interior surface of the through-hole with a laser; applying copper on the seed layer.

Abstract: A through substrate which comprises a silicon substrate (10) having a through hole (19) penetrating a front surface (11) and a back surface (12), a oxidized silicon film (13) being provided along the inner wall surface of the through hole (19), layers (14, 15) comprising Zn and Cu, respectively, being formed on the inner wall surface of the oxidized silicon film (13), and a Cu plating layer (18) which has been grown from a Cu seed layer (17) along the inner wall surface of layers (14, 15) comprising Zn and Cu, respectively, via an insulating layer (16) between them. The above through substrate can provide a through electrode capable of avoiding the noise due to the cross talk.

Abstract: Printed circuit boards having circuit layers laminated with stacked (or staggered) micro via(s) and methods of manufacturing the same. Aspects of embodiments of the present invention are directed to a printed circuit board with Z-axis interconnect(s) or micro via(s) that can eliminate a need for plating micro vias and/or eliminate a need for planarizing plated bumps of a surface, that can be fabricated with one or two lamination cycles, and/or that can have carrier-to-carrier (or substrate-to-substrate) attachments with conductive vias, each filled with a conductive material (e.g., with a conductive paste) in the Z-axis. In one embodiment, a printed circuit board having a plurality of circuit layers with at least one z-axis interconnect can be fabricated using a single lamination cycle.

Abstract: A laminate for a printed wiring board having a laminate structure comprising an electrical insulator layer (A) and an electrical conductor layer (B) bonded directly to each other, wherein the electrical insulator layer (A) is formed of a fluorocopolymer comprising repeating units (a) based on tetrafluoroethylene and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene, repeating units (b) based on a fluoromonomer excluding tetrafluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, and repeating units (c) based on a monomer having an acid anhydride residue and a polymerizable unsaturated bond in amounts of (a) being from 50 to 99.89 mol %, (b) being from 0.1 to 49.99 mol % and (c) being from 0.01 to 5 mol %, based on ((a)+(b)+(c)), and the electrical conductor layer (B) has a surface roughness of at most 10 ?m on the side being in contact with the electrical insulator layer (A) The laminate for a printed wiring board is excellent in signal response in a high frequency region.

Abstract: An electronics housing for placement on a support rail includes a base part and an upper part. The base part and the upper part can be detachably connected to one another, and the base part can be snapped to the support rail. Two housing side walls having fasteners are disposed opposite to each other and are disposed parallel to each other. The housing side walls are also disposed perpendicular to the support rail. A circuit board is disposed parallel to the support rail using the fasteners. At least two connection terminals or plug-in connectors are provided for connecting the electrical conductors. The connection terminals are electrically connectable to the circuit board.

Abstract: A memory circuit includes multiple memory chips configured to store data and disposed in at least one stack. The memory circuit includes multiple ports configured to receive and transmit control signals and data to and from the memory chips and to supply energy to the memory circuit. The memory circuit includes a housing accommodating the multiple memory chips and the multiple ports.

Abstract: The conduit assembly includes two mateable generally cylindrical conduit connector bodies with a longitudinal internal bore extending therethrough. The connector bodies include a locking surface for joining and retaining the bodies together at a desired angle. One connector body is externally threaded and the other provides an external snap-on attachment mechanism. Moreover, a gland nut is provided with an internally threaded surface and a snap-on attachment mechanism. The gland nut is slidably positioned over and attached to the connector bodies via snap-on attachment or screw attachment. The gland nut secures and retains the connector halves together at the desired position.

Abstract: An exemplary ramp structure capable of being positioned over at least a portion of a cable protection system comprises a center portion, a first side ramp portion adjacent a side of the center portion, and a first tapered portion adjacent an end of the first side ramp portion. The first tapered portion may be tapered in both a first direction and a second direction that is substantially orthogonal to the first direction. The first tapered portion may be integrally formed with the first side ramp portion and the first side ramp portion may be integrally formed with the center portion. An exemplary cable protection system is also disclosed comprising a first cable protector structured to receive one or more cables, a first side ramp adjacent a side of the first cable protector, and a first tapered structure pivotally attachable to an end of the first side ramp.

Abstract: The invention features an elongated blade having at least one first tooth near a first end extending in one direction and at least one second tooth near a second end extending in the opposite direction. The body of the blade can be a generally rectangular plate. There can be at least two first and second teeth. The blade can include four corners, wherein at the first end the first teeth are formed in the first edge and at the second end the second teeth are formed in the second edge. Edges of the blade can be formed without teeth near two corners and can be sharpened or not. The teeth may extend different distances from the blade. The blade cuts into a surface. In one application, the blade is used for edging or trenching and is rotated generally vertically so as to penetrate the ground and any material on or in the ground such as grass, sod, turf, leaves, thatch and the like.

Abstract: A method of automatic drilling of a well with coil tubing or drill pipe tubing utilizes AC motors coupled to variable frequency drives controlled by a programmable logic controller. For example, a coil tube injector is supported in a mast for injecting coil tube from a reel and into a wellbore for drilling the wellbore. The AC motors for the injector are driven for controlling a rate of injection of coil tube by the injector for maintaining at least one drilling parameter such as weight-on-bit, differential mud pressure or rate of penetration. The AC motor for the reel is also controlled for driving the reel and maintaining a relative rate of coil tube supplied from the reel to the injector. Drawworks and a top drive supported by the draworks can also be equipped with AC motors and variable frequency drives for controlling a drilling rate for maintaining at least one of the drilling parameters.

Abstract: In an earth drilling rig in which an air compressor and one or more hydraulic pumps are driven by the same engine, the intake throttle of the compressor is controlled by an electronic controller having a proportional integral derivative control. The controller minimizes unloading of the compressor, allowing the engine to operate more efficiently, the hydraulic system to provide more consistent power to drilling functions and the volume and pressure of compressed air to be optimized for the drilling conditions encountered. The electronic controller also operates a blowdown valve at the discharge side of an air receiver, and effects various overrides of the control system, for example when air discharge temperature approaches a critical level, or when an overpressure condition is detected.

Abstract: A method for controlling formation pressure during the drilling of a borehole through a subterranean formation includes selectively pumping a drilling fluid through a drill string extended into a borehole, out a drill bit at the bottom end of the drill string, and into an annular space between drill string and the borehole. The drilling fluid is discharged to a reservoir to clean the drilling fluid for reuse. Annular space fluid pressure is selectively increased to maintain a selected fluid pressure proximate the bottom of the borehole by applying fluid pressure to the annular space. The selective increasing includes controlling an aperture of an orifice operatively coupled between the annular space and the reservoir. Fluid from the annular space is discharged other than through the orifice when the annular space fluid pressure exceeds a selected value, or drops below a selected value.

Abstract: A drilling or service rig includes a worm drive disposed within and rotatably supported within a mast having one open side. The worm drive defines a helical groove, and a collar is disposed on the worm drive and engages the helical groove. Rotation of the worm drive causes movement of the collar upwards or downwards along the worm drive. The collar may support a block and top drive assembly.

Abstract: Drill string flow control valves and more particularly, drill string flow control valves for prevention of u-tubing of fluid flow in drill strings are provided. Drill string flow control valves may comprise a valve housing, a valve sleeve axially movable within a valve housing from a closed position to an open position, a biasing mechanism for biasing the valve sleeve into the closed position, and a plurality of pressure ports for allowing a differential pressure to be exerted on the valve sleeve. The differential pressure exerted on the valve sleeve may be the result of an upstream pressure and a downstream pressure. By allowing a differential pressure resulting from a fluid flow to act on the valve sleeve, u-tubing in a drill string can be prevented or substantially reduced. Methods of use are also provided.

Abstract: A drill bit (20) for connection to a casing string (R), wherein the bit (20) comprises an annular bit face (21) which is built-up by a matrix and which comprises a sintered diamond-metal powder mixture, wherein the bit face (21) includes a plurality of radially orientated liquid delivery slots (16, 23, 26) for cooling and cleansing the bit face (21), wherein at least one of the liquid delivery slots is comprised of an inner slot (23) which extends radially outwards from the inside (24) of the bit face (21), wherein the slot (23) is terminated with an inner bottom (24) in the bit face (21), wherein a further liquid delivery slot comprises an outer slot (26) that extends radially inwards from the outside (27) of the bit face, and wherein said outer slot is terminated with an outer bottom (28) in the bit face (21).

Abstract: A sensor is disclosed. The sensor may be a touch sensor. The sensor may be incorporated into a water delivery system.

Abstract: A snowmobile having a multiple endless track propulsion system. The multiple track propulsion system includes a rear endless track operably supported to engage a ground surface, and a pair of steerable front endless tracks positioned forward of the rear endless track. The front endless tracks are oriented in a spaced-apart, parallel relationship to one another, and operable to engage the ground surface. A power supply is disposed in the snowmobile body and operably configured to power the rear endless track and the pair of front endless tracks to propel the snowmobile.

Abstract: A method of forming a pole wheel connected to a wheel hub of a motor vehicle and a corresponding apparatus are described. A magnetically permeable, prefabricated pole wheel is placed in a mold for forming the wheel hub, and the mold is filled with a melt composed of a magnetically impermeable material in the solidified state. The melt fills the apertures formed between adjacent teeth of the pole wheel, while a shape of the pole wheel is substantially maintained.

Abstract: A PTO shaft with a pilot formed on one end to carry or support the weight of a mobile work implement while the PTO assembly is being rotated for spline alignment.

Abstract: Children's ride-on vehicles having improved shifter assemblies. The vehicles include a drive assembly comprising a velocity control assembly that selectively configures the drive assembly within a plurality of drive configurations and which includes a switch assembly adapted to be selectively configured between a plurality of velocity settings. Each velocity setting configures the drive assembly to a predetermined drive configuration. The velocity control assembly may include an actuator assembly that receives user inputs via a shifter handle moveable between a plurality of shift positions along a plurality of shift paths. Each shift position configures the switch assembly to a particular velocity setting. At least two of the shift paths have non-linear relative orientations.

Abstract: In a hybrid electric vehicle, in the event that the driving force of the engine is transmitted to the driving wheels, when a required torque according to an operating state of the vehicle is smaller than an allowable torque, an ECU controls the engine to output the required torque by the engine alone. On the other hand, when the required torque is greater than the allowable torque, the ECU controls the engine so that the engine outputs the allowable torque and controls the motor so that the motor outputs the torque equal to deficiency of the allowable torque with respect to the required torque. The ECU increases the allowable torque in a low revolution region and decreases the allowable torque in a high revolution region in the case in which regeneration of a filter is performed as compared to the case in which the regeneration is not performed.

Abstract: A method for operating a parallel hybrid powertrain (1) of a vehicle having one internal combustion engine (2) and one electric motor (3). The electric motor is located in the drivetrain between an output and the internal combustion engine. Between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor, a frictionally engaged shifting element is provided, while between the electric motor and the output, a starting element (6) having a hydrodynamic torque converter (6A) and a converter lock-up clutch (6B) is disposed. A target output torque to be applied to the output is dependent on the slippage of the starting element. During a starting phase of the internal combustion engine via the electric motor, an input torque produced by the electric motor is directed at least in part via the torque converter and in part via the converter lock-up clutch.

Abstract: A method for driving a parallel hybrid drive train of a motor vehicle with at least one internal combustion engine, one electric motor and an output. The electric motor is arranged in the drive train between the output and the internal combustion engine. A shifting element is arranged between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor. A hydrodynamic torque converter is arranged between the electric motor and the output. A target output torque applied at the output is subject to the slip hydrodynamic torque converter, is produced by at least the internal combustion engine and the electric motor, and is determined with reference to at least the required target output torque, an actual turbine speed of the hydrodynamic torque converter, or a an equivalent speed of the parallel hybrid drive train, and the actual speed of the electric motor.

Abstract: A method for operating a parallel hybrid powertrain (1) of a motor vehicle with multiple drive units (2, 3) and with a single output side (5) is described. At least one internal combustion engine (2) and one electric motor (3) are provided and the at least one electric motor (3) is arranged in the powertrain between the output (5) and the at least one internal combustion engine (2). A first friction-locking shifting element (7) is provided between the internal combustion engine (2) and the electric motor (3), while a coupling element (8A) with rotational speed dependent recognition and at least one second friction-locking shifting element (30) are arranged between the electric motor (3) and the output side (5). A target output torque to be applied at the output (5) is a function of the power transmission capacity of the second shifting element (30).

Abstract: Electric installation specially created for being built into an agricultural tractor for the purpose of providing an electric power source that may be used by any tool associated thereto to perform a specific task. The invented circuit extends from an alternator that takes energy from the tractor and feeds an external electric circuit including at least one output plug or connector. The alternator may take energy from the tractor's engine through a drive pulley, or from the tractor's power take-up. The invention envisages the use of two alternators, one for the tractor installation and another for the external output circuit, both with built-in voltage regulator, wherein the external output circuit includes electronic converters (capable of generating different output voltages) placed before the external contactors and plugs.

Abstract: An in-wheel motor includes a motor, a shaft, an oil pump and oil paths. The oil pump is provided on one end of the shaft. The motor includes a stator core, stator coils and a rotor. The oil pump pumps up an oil from an oil reservoir via an oil path to supply the pumped-up oil to another oil path. The another oil path supplies the oil from the oil pump to the outer periphery of the stator core of the motor from an opening end.

Abstract: A vehicle, in particular an agricultural tractor, is disclosed with a vehicle chassis, which is formed at least partly from two laterally spaced side members (1, 2) with C-shaped profile, comprising a vertical bar (1a, 2a) and two horizontal flanges (1b, 2b) and containing hydraulic lines in the space between the flanges, and with a radiator sub-assembly (5), fitted to the vehicle chassis, which consists of a carrier plate (6) fitted to the side members and several oil coolers (8, 9) supported by the carrier plate.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: a radiator 1, which is mounted to a motorcycle, having a core portion 15 provided with a plurality of tubes 11 in which cooling water flows and also having a pair of header tanks 13 to which both end portions in the longitudinal direction of the tubes 11 are connected, wherein heat is exchanged between cooling water and air; and a bracket 5 to which the radiator 1 is fixed. The bracket 5 includes: a first fixing portion 51, to which a center frame 2 of the motorcycle is fixed, arranged on one end of the bracket 5; and a second fixing portion 52, to which a cowl 2, with which a motorcyclist comes into contact when riding the motorcycle, is fixed, arranged on the other end side of the bracket 5.

Abstract: A cooling module capable of reducing vibration in a compartment attributable to the discharge pulsation of the compressor is disclosed. The cooling module comprises a radiator (1) mounted to a vehicle for cooling the cooling water by heat exchange between the cooling water and the air, and a condenser (2) for condensing the refrigerant by heat exchange between the refrigerant circulated in the refrigeration cycle and the air. The radiator (1) is fixed to the vehicle, and the condenser (2) is fixed to the radiator (1) through elastically deformable rubber bushings (3).

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of hinge devices for use in hood lifting systems for pedestrian protection. An exemplary embodiment of such a hinge device includes an upper hinge portion configured to be connected with a vehicle hood and a lower hinge portion configured to be connected with a vehicle body. The upper hinge portion may be configured to releasably engage the lower hinge portion such that the upper hinge portion can disengage from the lower hinge portion and lift the vehicle hood upon a threshold separation force being applied to the hinge device.

Abstract: Described herein is a fluid device for the recovery of the kinetic energy of land vehicles, comprising an intake line, a delivery line, and a pumping unit, which is connected to the intake line and to the delivery line, and at least one actuating element set along a street or railroad course of an infrastructure for the transit of vehicles, functionally connected to the pumping unit and mobile between a position of unloading and a position of loading, in which the actuating element is designed to be surmounted by a vehicle travelling along the street or railroad infrastructure.

Abstract: A snowmobile rear suspension is shown comprised of a linear force element (LFE) positioned outside the envelope of the snowmobile endless track. The snowmobile frame includes a chassis mounted to a tunnel, where the chassis includes a central mounting bracket. The LFE is attached at one end to the bracket and at the other end to a bell crank. The bell crank is operatively connected to the slide rails. When the slide rails collapse in normal operation, the bell crank strokes the LFE, and the suspension is progressive throughout the range. The suspension includes front pivot links which are connected to the tunnel coaxially with a drive shaft.

Abstract: A parking device for motor vehicles to facilitate and expedite the parallel parking operation especially when the space available between two parked vehicles is not abundant. The device is typically operated after the car has entered the parking spot diagonally so that one of the front wheels is touching the sidewalk curb. The device is normally mounted on the bottom surface of a motor vehicle, preferably in the rear part of a motor vehicle. The device consists essentially of a powered wheel that is lowered to the ground and it is further pushed down to raise the rear part of a motor vehicle until the rear wheels are no longer in contact with the ground. The lowered wheel, perpendicular to the other wheels of the motor vehicle, is then powered to turn in either directions to cause the rear part of the motor vehicle to move toward the sidewalk until the motor vehicle is parallel to the sidewalk curb and mostly aligned with the other parked vehicles.

Abstract: A seat assembly includes an active material in operative communication with a seat surface configured to undergo a change in at least one property upon receipt of an activation signal, wherein the change in at least one property is effective to change at least one feature of the seat surface.

Abstract: In a rigid motor vehicle axle comprising an axle body which is hollow in at least some regions and which has two adapter tube sections joined together from half shells along a longitudinal assembly joint by welding, with axle-supporting and axle-guiding components being fastened in the region of the adapter tubee sections, the respective adapter tube section has at least two recesses and at least one connecting element is partially housed and restrained within the hollow regions of the axle and extends outwardly through the recesses with a form fit. The adapter pipe section and the connecting element are connected to each other along an insertion joint with a cohesive material joint, for example, proximate the adapter tube section recesses. In such a vehicle axle, any failure of the material joint does not result in a breakdown so that the vehicle is still operable for some time.

Abstract: A steering control device can shorten a braking distance during straight-traveling deceleration and can efficiently acquire the acceleration performance during straight-traveling acceleration with a simple control while maintaining the stability of a vehicle by steering the wheel on a higher road surface friction coefficient road side with a predetermined steering angle when either one of the straight-traveling braking state and the straight-traveling acceleration state of the vehicle is detected.

Abstract: An articulated work machine is steered via left and right hydraulic cylinders that swivel a front portion of a work machine relative to a back portion about a vertical articulation axis. When a low force turn is being performed, high pressure is supplied to only one of the left and right hydraulic cylinders. When a high force turn is performed, high pressure is supplied to one of the left and right hydraulic cylinders, and pressurized hydraulic fluid is also supplied to the other of the left and right hydraulic cylinders in proportion to the torque required for the turn. This strategy allows for excess pressurized fluid, which is not used for the steering purpose, to be utilized by hydraulic implements of the work machine to increase performance capabilities while the machine is being steered in low force mode under light steering load.

Abstract: In an electric power steering apparatus, a metal substrate and connector terminals arranged in a peripheral portion of the metal substrate are electrically connected to each other by metal elements, and conductor layers of the metal substrate and the metal elements are bonded to each other by laser welding, whereby the number of parts and a space for connection can be reduced.

Abstract: A torque sensor, which is for an electric power steering system that has an output shaft for rotating in response to rotation of an input shaft, may include a first rotor for rotating with the input shaft, a second rotor for rotating with the output shaft, a first pinion gear mounted for rotating in response to rotation of the first rotor, a first magnet mounted for rotating with the first pinion gear, a second pinion gear mounted for rotating in response to rotation of the second rotor, a second magnet mounted for rotating with the second pinion gear, a first sensor positioned for sensing an angular position of the first magnet, and a second sensor positioned for sensing an angular position of the second magnet. The first rotor and the second rotor are mounted so that there can be relative rotation between the first rotor and the second rotor.