Abstract: A package includes a pouch including a base portion having a first width, the base portion having a closed bottom; and a neck integrally connected to the base portion, the neck having a second width narrower than the first width, the neck including an end portion; and a first easy-open device adapted to remove the end portion from the neck; wherein a common wall formed by the base portion and neck has an outer and inner surface; a discrete cap in connected relationship with the outer surface of the common wall of the pouch, the cap covering the end portion of the neck, the cap including a second easy-open device adapted to remove at least part of the cap and provide access to the end portion of the neck; and a flowable product disposed in the base portion of the pouch. Methods for making a package are also disclosed.

Abstract: A nestable mid-depth beverage case has a bottom wall with upstanding side and end walls around its periphery and a plurality of container seating areas on its top surface. A continuous peripheral band forms a vertical upper wall section, and a plurality of spaced apart V-shaped columns connected between the bottom wall and the band form a lower wall section inset relative to the upper section to enable nesting of the container. Buttresses extend upwardly from the columns and across the band. The columns have flat, angled vertical surfaces facing toward adjacent seating areas to contact containers over a substantial part of their height and provide support in lateral and longitudinal directions. Each end wall has two columns and associated buttresses, and a handle with a large access opening is formed in each end wall by cutting away adjacent side edges of adjacent columns and buttresses and the bottom edge of the band.

Abstract: A portable storage container that both stacks and nests with similar containers includes a plurality of walls extending upwardly from a floor. At least one bail member is moveable between a plurality of positions for supporting the similar containers at varying heights. The bail member is moveable between a low nest position and a high nest position. In the low nest position, minimal clearance between the floors of the stacked containers is provided, and the stacked containers have the lowest overall height. In the high nest position, a ledge protruding outwardly from an outer surface of a wall of the upper container is supported on a support portion of the bail arm.

Abstract: An air-packing device has an improved shock absorbing capability to protect a product in a container box. The air-packing device is comprised of a plurality of edge air-packing blocks. Each edge air-packing device includes a wall portion that surrounds and supports a pocket portion that holds an edge of the product to be protected such that the pocket portion does not contact the ground when shocks are applied to the air-packing device. Each of the enclosure portion and the pocket portion is configured by first and second thermoplastic films which are bonded at predetermined portions thereby creating a plurality of air containers. Each of the air containers has a check valve for allowing the compressed air to flow only in a forward direction.

Abstract: A child-resistant package for pharmaceutical articles includes a blister pack having a product casing layer defining blisters, a foil closure layer enclosing articles in the blisters and a reinforcing layer preventing dispensing of each article until an access mechanism is used. Each access mechanism includes a puncturing element of the product casing layer and a tear-away element of the reinforcing layer defined by a perforation line. The puncturing element includes a pointed portion for separating a first end of the tear-away element. Application of pulling force to the first end further separates the tear-away element to expose the foil layer adjacent the blister for dispensing the article. According to one embodiment, the package includes an outer jacket having a mounting portion receiving the blister pack and a cover movable with respect to the mounting portion between opened and closed positions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a switch for use with an article formed from paperboard. The article includes a first panel and a second panel. The first panel and the second panel each have a sliding surface facing one another. The first and the second panels are in sliding relation to one another between a first position and a second position. The switch comprises a conductive pathway disposed on the sliding surface of the first panel and a first contact surface is disposed on the sliding surface of the second panel and a second contact surface is disposed on the sliding surface of the second panel. The second contact surface is in spaced relation to the first contact surface so as to prevent electrical communication between the first and second contact surfaces. The conductive pathway of the first panel is in spaced relation to at least one of the first and second contact surfaces of the second panel when the first and second panels are in the first position.

Abstract: Watch and jewelry boxes including pilfer-resistant arrangements for securing watches and jewelry items are disclosed. Various embodiments include a fastening member received within the watch or jewelry box and an anchor/retaining member arranged to engage the fastening member. The fastening member and anchor/retaining member cooperate to secure the loop of a ring or a loop portion of a jewelry item within the box in a manner that is resistant to pilfering.

Abstract: A pallet system for displaying products including a plurality of trays (which may be stacked one to a level, two to a level or four to a level), a tie sheet for securing the trays of a level together, one or more graphics panels that display important and useful product information and a pole cover for product display.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the hydrodesulphurization of gasoline cuts for the production of gasolines with a low sulphur and mercaptans content. Said process comprises at least two hydrodesulphurization steps, HDS1 and HDS2, operated in parallel on two distinct cuts of the gasoline constituting the feed. The flow rate of hydrogen in the hydrodesulphurization step HDS2 is such that the ratio between the flow rate of hydrogen and the flow rate of feed to be treated is less than 80% of the ratio of the flow rates used to desulphurize in the hydrodesulphurization step HDS1.

Abstract: A process for cracking C4+ hydrocarbons comprising heating the hydrocarbons at a temperature of 400-800° C. in the presence of an H-ZSM-5 catalyst having a silicon to aluminium ratio of 61-1000.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating mercury and other undesired constituents from a natural gas stream includes passing the raw gas stream sequentially through a first separator, an amine treatment unit, a cooler, a second separator, a dehydrator, a cooler and a third separator. The first separator receives the natural gas stream and separates hydrocarbon and water condensates from the stream; the amine treatment unit removes acid gases; the cooler reduces the temperature of the gas stream to condense additional hydrocarbons and water that are removed by the second separator; and the dehydrator removes water vapor. Next, the temperature of the stream is reduced by the second cooler to condense the mercury and any remaining hydrocarbon vapors.

Abstract: In a method for recognizing a graphical item of mailing data on mailed items which are to be mechanically sorted, an image of a mailed item is recorded and encoded using gray values. The recorded image is digitized in binary form in accordance with a variable threshold characteristic curve, so that at least one item of mailing data is recognized for sorting the mailed item. In the event of incomplete recognition of the item of mailing data, the recorded image is digitized using a reset threshold characteristic curve. After a predefined number of incomplete recognitions, manual sorting is initiated.

Abstract: An automotive parts kit differentiation system and method includes a plurality of different types of parts kits, wherein each type of kit includes a base and a plurality of automotive parts removably contained by the base. The parts contained in each type of kit vary as compared to each other type of kit. Each base includes a unique identifier tag that identifies the base as being a base for one of the plurality of kit types. The unique identifier tag of each base includes a color zone defined by a color selected from a plurality of different colors that correspond respectively to the plurality of different kit types so that each kit type corresponds to one of the plurality of different colors. The unique identifier tag further includes a shape identifier selected from a plurality of different shape identifiers that correspond respectively to the plurality of different kit types so that each kit type corresponds to one of the plurality of different shapes.

Abstract: Drupaceous fruit pieces, including fruit flesh with and without pit matter adhering to the flesh as well as loose pits and pit pieces themselves, are passed through an integrated system of multiple sorting units utilizing different sorting methodologies. The sorting units include a laser-based sorting unit that sorts according to differences in light scattering, a diode-based sorting unit that sorts according to differences in light reflectance, and in certain embodiments a camera-based sorting unit that sorts according to differences in color. The system also includes an impact separator that dislodges pit material from fruit flesh from which the pit material has not been dislodged by any preceding units, most notably by pitting machinery through which the fruit has passed prior to entering the system of the invention.

Abstract: A flushing agent conditioning device (1) for a hard material-tipped cutting machine (2) includes a flushing agent circulation circuit that can be closed at least partially with respect to a hard material-tipped tool (4) which is to be flushed and that has a discharge trough (8) and flushing agent pump (9) arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow behind the tool (4), wherein a sensor (15, 15?) is provided which can be evaluated electronically by computing means (14, 14?) with a transformation algorithm and which is sensitive to the flushing agent pressure (p) prevailing behind the flushing agent pump (9) in the direction of flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatuses, machines, systems and methods for the recovery and purification of proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, biologically produced polymers and other compounds from aqueous fluids. The aqueous fluids can comprise enzyme concentrates and or a fermentation broth with or without cells or other starting material. The fermentation broth can be produced by fermentations of fungal, yeast, bacterial, mammalian, insect or plant cells.

Abstract: Inflow control devices for sand control screens. A well screen includes a filter portion and at least two flow restrictors configured in series, so that fluid which flows through the filter portion must flow through each of the flow restrictors. At least two tubular flow restrictors may be configured in series, with the flow restrictors being positioned so that fluid which flows through the filter portion must reverse direction twice to flow between the flow restrictors. A method of installing a well screen includes the step of accessing a flow restrictor by removing a portion of an inflow control device of the screen.

Abstract: Filter system comprising a back-flush unit (B) provided to back-flush said filter unit (F). The filter unit (F) has at least a housing (3) and at least a first filter element (1) separating a raw material compartment (34) from a filtrate compartment (35). The filter unit (F) has a first filtrate outlet (6) and is in communication with the filtrate compartment (35). The back-flush unit (B) comprises a first expansion vessel (17). The filter system also comprises pressurising means (11,12,13,23) to pressurise the filtrate when in the second compartment. The filter unit (F) also comprises a second filtrate outlet (7) different and spaceded apart from said first filtrate outlet (6). The first filtrate outlet (6) is in communication with the filtrate outlet (6). The first filtrate outlet (6) is in communication with the filtrate compartment (35) and with the expansion vessel (17) by means of a first back-flush nozzle (29).

Abstract: A filter is provided having a housing that includes a cavity. A center tube includes first and second ends spaced from one another. A seat extends radially from the center tube and is arranged between the first and second ends. A media pack is arranged within the cavity and supported on the seat such that the center tube extends through a central opening of the media pack. An anti-drainback valve is supported on the seat and is in sealing engagement with the center tube and the media pack. The housing includes a tapping plate that provides an inlet and outlet. An annular lip of the anti-drainback valve is in sealing engagement with the tapping plate when in a closed position in which the engine is shut off.

Abstract: A device for the electrodeionisation of an aqueous electrolyte solution, comprising an electrodeionisation module (1), an ultrafiltration module (21, 22, 1201, 1202, 1203) and a connection piece (3, 10) which connects the electrodeionisation module (1) and the ultrafiltration module (21, 22, 1201, 1202, 1203) such as to be able to guide a diluate produced from said electrolyte solution during operation of said device in said electrodeionisation module (1) from said electrodeionisation module (1) to said ultrafiltration module (21, 22, 1201, 1202, 1203); wherein said connection piece (3, 10) comprises no adjustable pressure-maintaining valve. By means of the pressure drop occurring in the ultrafiltration modules (21, 22, 1201, 1202, 1203) these devices build up a counter pressure behind the electrodeionisation module (1) which is sufficient to ensure the packing density of the ion exchanger in the electrodeionisation module (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pollution-reducer device comprising a tank of depollution fluid connected by a pipe to an injector member for injecting the fluid into a catalyst of a burnt-gas exhaust line, wherein the pipe comprises an outer tube receiving a compressible member that is compressible by a ratio that is suitable for compensating an increase in pressure exerted by the fluid on the pipe. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle fitted with such a device, and to a corresponding pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an elliptical motion drive device for use in a step screen. The elliptical motion drive device comprises first and second eccentric wheels coupled to a single drive shaft to be eccentrically positioned to each other. Upon rotation of the drive shaft, the first and second eccentric wheels rotate and move along guide rails formed in different directions from each other to transversely and longitudinally rotate movable lattice plates connected to a movable frame of the step screen, thereby achieving elliptical motion of the movable lattice plates.

Abstract: An aquarium is provided that hides ugly electrical wires. The aquarium comprises: a tank capable of holding water, the tank having an interior and an exterior, and a bottom, the bottom having an opening within the interior of the tank, a hollow member disposed within at least the interior of the tank and having an upper opening, a lower opening, an inner surface and an outer surface, the lower opening capable of aligning around or with the opening in the bottom of the tank so that water is prevented from leaking out the opening in the bottom of the tank, the outer surface of the hollow member capable of preventing water flow into the inner surface of the hollow member, and the inner surface of the hollow member capable of receiving one or more electrical wires to or from the upper and lower openings of the hollow member. In various embodiments, a decorative structure is provided that can hide and protect electrical devices typically used in the aquarium.

Abstract: A mobile wastewater separator and recover unit and method for the separation and disposal/recovery of waste water for example in the oil and gas industry. It is fully self-contained and maintains the ability to separate heavy solids, floating contaminants, and water for recovery and reuse or disposal as required. Main components of the system are a large wastewater holding capacity implementing various compartments & separator/recovery mechanisms, evaporation compartments that are interchangeable for efficiency in both warm & extreme cold temperature operations, and finally a condensation recovery system and clean water holding compartment.

Abstract: A water-treating device includes an anterior water reservoir; and a posterior treatment unit including a filter unit disposed downstream of the anterior water reservoir, a water-treating agent supply unit having an inlet and an outlet, a clean water collector, a main conduit connected between the filter unit and the clean water collector, a first by-pass conduit connected between the main conduit and the inlet of the water-treating agent supply unit, and a second by-pass conduit connected between the main conduit and the outlet of the water-treating agent supply unit. The water-treating agent supply unit contains a substance that releases a calcium ion to water.

Abstract: An apparatus for magnetically treating fluid in a fluid conduit includes one or more magnets adapted for placement adjacent a fluid conduit in such a manner as to allow the magnet(s) to subject fluid flowing within the conduit to magnetic field(s) produced by the magnet(s). The magnets are enclosed by inner and outer shields of, respectively, non-ferrous and ferrous composition. In some embodiments apparatus according to the invention further comprise coils having pluralities of contiguous non-overlapping turns axially enclosing the magnet(s) and the fluid conduits adjacent to which the magnet(s) are disposed. Apparatus according to the invention may advantageously be employed in pluralities connected in series and/or parallel relationships.

Abstract: A filter media includes a media pack having a central opening that extends between opposing ends of the media pack. A support member, such as a center tube, extends through the central opening and supports one of the opposing ends. A second support member, such as a filter cartridge assembly guide, is secured to the second support member and supports the other of the opposing ends. In one example, the center tube includes a seat that extends radially outwardly from an axially body of the center tube to support the media pack. The first and second support members are secured by an interlocking connection of any suitable configuration. The disclosed arrangement can be used to reduce the number of components required for providing a large number of filter cartridge assembly. Each of a plurality of media packs provide different heights. A first support member is selected to support one of the opposing ends. A second support member is selected to accommodate the height of the selected media pack.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus with which an organic solution that is slightly soluble in water is scrubbed of aqueous entrainment and impurities. In particular, the organic solution may be the organic extraction solution of liquid-liquid extraction used in connection with the hydrometallurgical recovery of metals. The purpose is to perform the physical separation of water droplets and the chemical removal of impurities from the organic solution simultaneously. This occurs by routing the solution to be purified in the settling tank through at least one flow plate cassette of reduced cross-section.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to filter media compositions, apparatuses and systems for removing contaminants from fluids, as well as methods of using the same. In certain aspects the filter media comprises one or more halogenated resins and one or more contaminant sorbent media. The filter media of the present disclosure may be self-contained in a single unit or certain components may be housed in separate units acting in parallel or in series.

Abstract: A filter member includes at least two non-woven layers, wherein one non-woven layer has air holes with an average diameter different from those of the other non-woven layer. Among the non-woven layers, the non-woven layer located on an inner side of the filter member has the air holes ranging from 1.7 ?m to 16.6 ?m, with the average diameter smaller than those of the non-woven layers located on an outer side of the non-woven layer. Also, the non-woven layers are formed with a melt blown method, so that the filtering slope becomes gentle. In the fuel filter device, it is possible to reduce clogging of the filter member as little as possible while improving the filtering accuracy of the filter member.

Abstract: The invention describes an apparatus for the filtration of liquids and an associated filter cartridge 100, the correct seating of which is ensured and can be established by the user. The apparatus is characterized in that the inlet funnel 10 has at least one first fixing means 30 below the receiving opening 13, and in that the filter cartridge 100 has at least one second fixing means 130 below and at a distance from the sealing rim 160, which second fixing means, when the filter cartridge 100 is being fitted into the receiving opening 13, interacts with the first fixing means 30.

Abstract: The invention relates to a membrane filter for operating while submerged, with a frame (1), which can be lowered into the liquid to be purified, and with modules (2) adjacently arranged in a row. The modules (2) each have a base element (3) with a permeate collecting chamber (4), tubes (5) for a fluid that are connected to both ends of the base element (3), and with hollow fiber membranes (6) that, with an open end, are embedded in the base element (3). The hollow fiber membranes (6) are closed at their other end and terminate inside the liquid to be purified without being fixed whereby being able to freely move. The tubes (5) are vertically oriented and, at the top, are connected to a collecting line. Fiber holding devices (7) for laterally guiding the hollow fiber membrane (6) are fastened to the tubes (5).

Abstract: This invention is directed to systems and methods for removing lipids from a fluid or from lipid-containing organisms from a fluid, such as plasma. These systems combine a fluid with at least one extraction solvent, which causes the lipids to separate from the fluid or from the lipid-containing organisms. The separated lipids are removed from the fluid. The at least one extraction solvent is removed from the fluid or at least reduced to a concentration enabling the fluid to be administered to a patient without undesirable consequences. Once the fluid has been processed, the fluid may be administered to a patient who donated the fluid or to a different patient for therapy.

Abstract: A process for producing ship ballast water includes removing microorganisms from seawater by passing the seawater through a microorganism filtration membrane, and backwashing the microorganism filtration membrane to clean the microorganism filtration membrane. Microorganisms living in seawater can be removed in a manner which does not kill the microorganisms.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a fouled RO membrane in a module for RO separation, the membrane having feed side and permeate side, the foulant accumulating at the feed side. The cleaning method comprises: feeding concentrated saline solution to the feed side of the RO membrane under the high gauge pressure of the normal RO separation process; feeding dilute saline solution to the permeate side of the RO membrane under higher pressure than the permeate pressure of the normal RO process, so that a net driving differential ?PN is directed to the feed side, whereby the solvent is being sucked from the permeate side to the feed side, penetrates into the interface between the membrane and the accumulated foulant, and separates the foulant from the membrane surface; and withdrawing the concentrated saline solution together with the separated foulant and the penetrated solvent from the feed side of the RO membrane.

Abstract: A method of recovering hydrocarbons from a porous subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation comprising: (a) feeding a first stream comprising a high salinity water to a first side of a semipermeable membrane of at least one forward osmosis unit of a desalination plant and feeding a second stream comprising an aqueous solution of a removable solute to a second side of the semipermeable membrane wherein the solute concentration of the aqueous solution of the removable solute is sufficiently greater than the solute concentration of the high salinity water that water passes through the semipermeable membrane from the high salinity water into the aqueous solution of the removable solute to form a diluted aqueous solution of the removable solute; (b) withdrawing a third stream comprising a concentrated brine and a fourth stream comprising a diluted aqueous solution of the removable solute from the first and second sides respectively of the semipermeable membrane of the forward osmosis unit; (c) substantially separ

Abstract: A method of rapidly analyzing unexpected metabolites in a metabolite analyzing system is disclosed. A control sample is run and analyzed to generate an exclusion list of unwanted sample components. A single analyte sample is then run and programmatically uses the exclusion list containing the unwanted metabolites to dynamically filter out data regarding components present in both the control sample and the analyte sample. The remaining components in the analyte sample are analyzed for unexpected metabolites of interest. The present invention allows for the analysis to be automated and eliminates the need for a second analyte sample run for the purpose of eliminating common components in the samples.

Abstract: Liquid distributor and collector for columns for liquid chromatography, especially those with round cross sections and large diameters in relation to the packing heights.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of an aqueous stream containing both anionic and cationic species is provided. The method comprises the following steps. Circulating water continuously through an essentially closed loop, the loop incorporating an ion adsorption unit which, in turn, comprises a water permeable layer of an ion adsorbing material. Feeding an aqueous solution containing the anionic and the cationic species to the essentially closed loop. Passing the circulating water, including the aqueous solution containing the ionic and the cationic species, through the ion adsorbing material in the ion adsorption unit in a continuous manner. Whilst at the same time applying an electric potential across the thickness of the layer of ion adsorbing material and removing from the ion adsorption unit more concentrated aqueous solutions of the separate ionic species. Discharging each of the aqueous solutions from the ion adsorption unit.

Abstract: A fluid magnetic treatment unit and treatment method are disclosed. Fluid flows through at least one annular magnet with direction of flow always perpendicular to the line of magnetic force generated by the annular magnet and closely along the surfaces of the annular magnet. The fluid flows in series, in parallel or any combination of in series and in parallel. The annular magnet may be a ring magnet, a disc magnet or a ring-shaped electromagnet. In order to maximize the magnetic treatment effect, the annular magnet is driven to spin in a direction preferable opposite to the direction of fluid flow.

Abstract: An apparatus to separate solids from drilling slurry, having an inlet positioned over an outlet of a concentration tank to displace water that would otherwise enter the down-stream centrifuges. Baffles are provided to direct solids to the outlet and minimize the time that solids spend in the concentration tank. Fluids having solids removed therefrom are removed from the apparatus at a location remote from the outlet.

Abstract: A TOC component removing apparatus of the present invention is for removing TOC components contained in ultrapure water or pure water, including a treatment tank 2 into which the ultrapure water or the pure water is introduced, a plurality of spherical catalyst particles 3 of which surfaces are photocatalyst, a tabular translucent holding body 4 which holds the catalyst particles 3 on one surface 31a, and an ultraviolet-ray light source 5 which is arranged near the translucent holding body 4 and radiates ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 254 nm.

Abstract: A method for catalytically cleaning an exhaust gas, including receiving the exhaust gas in an inlet channel, blocking the exhaust gas in the inlet channel, diffusing the exhaust gas through a porous substantially fibrous nonwoven wall of the inlet channel, reacting the exhaust gas with at least one catalyst material to at least partially remove nitrous oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide therefrom, the at least one catalyst material being disposed on the porous wall, trapping particulate matter in the porous substantially fibrous nonwoven wall, receiving the diffused exhaust gas into an outlet channel, and transitioning the exhaust gas from the outlet channel to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A muffler pipe storage rack may include an elongated support member having two ends and a longitudinal slot between the two ends. The longitudinal slot may have a width that is wider than the outer diameter of the widest of the tubular portions, but narrower than the width of the narrowest of the flanges. The longitudinal slot may have a length that is longer than the sum of the widths of all of the flanges. A first mounting bracket may be affixed to one end of the elongated support member and configured to clamp to a first substantially horizontal support and to suspend the one end of the elongated support member from the first substantially horizontal support. A second mounting bracket may be affixed to the other end of the elongated support member and configured to clamp to a second substantially horizontal support substantially parallel to the first substantially horizontal support and to suspend the other end of the elongated support member from the second substantially horizontal support.

Abstract: A conveyor for transporting materials or people from a first location to a second location has an elongated boom having a first end, a second end, a top surface, and a bottom surface; a conveyor mechanism such as an endless belt, chain, or ladder that is operably attached to the elongated boom; and a plank platform operably attached to the boom adjacent to the bottom surface of the boom, wherein the platform is selectively pivotable from the boom and capable of providing a walking surface for the person unloading the conveyor. The platform may additionally or alternatively be at least partially extendible from one end of the elongated boom. The conveyor may be operably attached to a vehicle.

Abstract: A hoist for retrieving, lifting and positioning a light load of up to about 1000 lbs, is described. The hoist comprises a boom support column having an attaching lower end and a boom support upper end. The boom support upper end has a boom assembly connector and a transverse support surface. The boom assembly has a connecting support wall and a lower projecting connector for rotational connection with the boom assembly connector for maintaining the boom at an upward angular position. A releasable locking mechanism locks the boom at the upward angular position. A boom actuating brake arrests rotational displacement between the connecting support wall and the transverse support surface when the boom is at a substantially horizontal load retrieving position. A pulley is rotatably secured to an axle secured at a free end of the boom. The pulley is adapted to guide a cable thereon through a cable guide linkage to align and maintain the cable on the pulley.

Abstract: A crane apparatus is installed on a pier, wharf, bulkhead wharf or other foundation extending into the water for directly transshipping containers from a vessel moored alongside the foundation to another transportation mode without necessity of ground placement of the containers. The crane apparatus includes a parent crane displaceable along the foundation for unloading containers from a vessel moored alongside the foundation and placing the containers on a first platform of the parent crane, and a sibling crane displaceable along the foundation beneath the parent crane independently of displacement of the parent crane for loading containers from the first platform onto over-the-ground vehicles.

Abstract: A medication keycode lock fan light fabricated from a sealing cap, a keycode cover and a keycode cover opener. A screw opening is formed in the sealing cap corresponding to position of an elastic septum of the medicine bottle. The keycode cover screws into the screw opening of the sealing cover, and is used to cover the elastic septum of the medicine bottle. Furthermore, a keycode hole having a set profile is defined in a surface of the keycode cover, and an end of the keycode cover opener is configured with a key that matches the keycode hole. The key of the keycode cover opener and the keycode hole must be in exact corresponding juxtaposition to enable unscrewing of the keycode cover, thereby uncovering the elastic septum of the medicine bottle and effectively resolving the problem of using the wrong medication due to inadvertence of the person concerned.

Abstract: A gap filling method and a method for forming a memory device, including forming an insulating layer on a substrate, forming a gap region in the insulating layer, and repeatedly forming a phase change material layer and etching the phase change material layer to form a phase change material layer pattern in the gap region.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device is provided in which a phase-change layer can be formed stably and electric current required to cause the phase change of the phase-change layer can be reduced. An edge portion of the phase-change layer is formed above a lower electrode. The edge portion is formed to assume a tapered shape in cross section such that the thickness of the phase-change layer varies above the contact area between the lower electrode and the phase-change layer. The tapered portion is filled with an oxide film. According to this configuration, the region in which the phase-change occurs can be restricted, and hence the phase-change layer can be heated efficiently, resulting in reduction of electric current required for heating.