Abstract: An image recording device for eyepiece-side connection to an observation device, in particular to a monocular observation device, which provides an object image of an object to be observed, comprises an image recorder unit for recording the object image, and an eyepiece unit. The image recording device further comprises, on the input side, a beam splitter for splitting a light beam incident in the image recording device into a first light beam directed towards the image recorder unit and a second light beam directed towards the eyepiece unit for observing the object image through the eyepiece unit.

Abstract: An auto-focus (AF) camera enables AF operation with high speed and enhanced accuracy. The AF operation encompasses step-scanning the focus lens of the camera from the closest focal position to infinity, or vice versa. In one embodiment, the steps in the step-scanning are made smaller around a position judged to be close to the focus position, and the steps are made larger at other positions.

Abstract: An optical filter which can remove dust stuck to the incidence surface of incidence of light and reduce the mounting space. A filter body is adapted to have predetermined transmittivity as well as a piezoelectric characteristic. At least two electrodes are formed on the filter body. A drive voltage is applied between the at least two electrodes to vibrate the filter body.

Abstract: In a digital camera 1, multiple graphic parameter tables in which environmental brightness values (LV) corresponding to the display mode and multiple graphic parameters such as on illumination brightness have been stored in a memory 12. Next, the graphic parameters corresponding to the acquired LV and the display mode that has been set are read out from the memory 12 so as to adjust the illumination brightness of the illumination section 16 of the image display section 15. Furthermore, the images are displayed based on the parameters such as on a brightness level, a contrast level, a saturation level and a sharpness level.

Abstract: The present invention provides an auxiliary light irradiating device for a photographing device provided with a light source irradiating an auxiliary light toward an object, a liquid crystal panel provided in a light path toward the object of the auxiliary light by the light source, and being configured to displaying an image at a predetermined resolution, an input section inputting application information indicating an application of the liquid crystal panel, and a control section controlling the liquid crystal panel so that a display image is changed according to the application indicated by the application information.

Abstract: A video signal processing apparatus may include a frame memory and a separator and deinterlacer circuit. The frame memory may store an interlaced video signal. The separator and deinterlacer circuit may execute operations of separating and deinterlacing the interlaced video signal stored in the frame memory. The apparatus may output a sequential video signal. A data processing system may include the video signal processing apparatus. A method for processing video signals may include storing an interlaced video signal in a frame memory and executing operations of separating and deinterlacing the interlaced video signal stored in the frame memory. The method may also include outputting a sequential video signal.

Abstract: A method for performing motion compensated video spatial up-conversion on video. The horizontal samples in successive fields are first interpolated using a spatial interpolation technique. This is followed by interpolating the corresponding vertical samples using a motion compensated deinterlacing technique. Such techniques can include an adaptively recursive motion compensated video spatial up-conversion or an adaptively recursive motion compensated video spatial up-conversion using a generalized sampling theorem. The present invention can be used to convert video captured on a mobile device, such as a mobile telephone, so that it can be subsequently and adequately displayed on a television.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus is capable of executing a plurality of signal processes. The data processing apparatus switches processes of a pre-processing portion, a data processing portion, and a post-processing portion with a control signal supplied from a function controlling portion corresponding to a command supplied from the outside. Thus, the data processing apparatus executes for example processes for increasing the resolution, generating a picture dedicated for a right eye and a picture dedicated for a left eye, generating a luminance signal and color difference signals, changing the aspect ratio, generating pictures having difference resolutions, and converting the frame rate for input data corresponding to a request and outputs picture data generated as the processed result to an external device (for example, a displaying device and a record and reproduction device).

Abstract: Provided is a method for performing hierarchical B picture-based coding on a video sequence using the structure of adaptively divided group of pictures (GOP). The method includes the steps of, for each predefined 2N frame-sized group of pictures (GOP) of the video sequence, (a) encoding the 2N frame-sized GOP of the video sequence based on each of the different GOP sizes from the maximum size, 2N, to the minimum size, 2M (M is an integer between 1 and N) and obtaining different values between frames reconstructed after the encoding is performed and frames after the hierarchical B-picture prediction is performed, based on each of the different GOP sizes; (b) selecting at least one sub-GOP based on the difference values obtained by encoding the 2N frame-sized GOP of the video sequence based on each of the different GOP sizes; and (c) generating a bitstream by encoding the 2N-frame-sized GOP based on the at least one selected sub-GOP.

Abstract: Systems and method for synchronizing audio and video signals are described. The audio and video signals are tagged in an encoder. The tagged signals are transmitted across a network. The tagged signals are analyzed to detect phase errors or lip synch errors between them. A synchronization signal is generated in response to such lip synch errors.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to display devices, external storage devices and methods of operating the same. In some embodiments, a display device that detects a coupling with an external media device is provided. Before device coupling, the display device displays a video signal from a first source. In response to the detected coupling, the display device may mix or superimpose a video signal received from the external storage device with the video signal from the first source. In some embodiments, a multi-mode external storage device that provides a file download mode, a video menu mode, and a content display mode is disclosed. The external storage device is operative to couple with different types of hosts via a multi-use device port. In response to a detected coupling with a host display device, the external storage device adopts the menu mode, which allows a user to select a given content item for display and/or playback.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image display device in a digital TV that is capable of carrying out the conversion into various kinds of resolution by using single bit map data in the digital TV. The image display device includes: a data processing part for executing bit map conversion, compression, restoration and format-conversion for text data; a memory for storing the bit map data obtained according to the bit map conversion and compression in the data processing part and image data inputted from an arbitrary receiving part, the receiving part receiving one of digital image data and analog image data; an image outputting part for reading the image data from the memory; and a display processing part for mixing the image data read from the image outputting part and the bit map data converted in format from the data processing part.

Abstract: A method for extracting an alpha matte from images of a scene illuminated by unpolarized light is presented. A first pair of images is acquired with a foreground object placed in front of a background producing polarized light. One image of the first pair of images measures vertically polarized light of the scene, and a second image of the first pair of images measures horizontally polarized light of the scene. A second pair of images is acquired of the background producing the polarized light. One image of the second pair of images measures vertically polarized light of the background, and a second image of the second pair of images measures the horizontally polarized light of the background. The first and second pairs of images arte combined to generate an alpha matte and an alpha multiplied foreground.

Abstract: Disclosed is a noise reduction apparatus of a frame recursive type which can reduce occurrence of an afterimage phenomenon such as blurring or trailing of contours of motion images even when the difference between image frames is small. In the noise reduction apparatus, a frame recursive type filter generates a differential image signal representing a difference between a current input image signal and a delayed image signal obtained by delaying the input image signal by at least one frame period, reduces noise in the differential image signal thereby to generate a feedback image signal, and adds the feedback image signal to the current input image signal. A level adjuster adjusts a level of the feedback image signal to a lower level as a level of a luminance or color component of the input image signal is decreased.

Abstract: A delivery system or apparatus for the production, evaporation or release of volatile materials, wherein the volatile material contains a high level of solids to enhance intensity, character and/or substantivity of a perfume presentation or other fluid property. By providing a formulation with a relatively higher level of solids, an increase in intensity, perceived character and substantivity may be achieved. The system may be capable of battery operation and/or use an open capillary tube to deliver the volatile material from a reservoir to a transducer.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a liquid crystal panel using a thin film transistor and a manufacturing method thereof, and more specifically to a liquid crystal panel using a thin film transistor and a manufacturing method thereof for improving an opening ratio by forming a storage capacitor under a channel. The present invention has suggested a method for effectively contacting an upper electrode for forming a capacitor with a lower electrode since the storage capacitor is located under the channel. Compared to a prior art in which one of storage capacitor electrodes is formed side by side with a channel of a thin film transistor, capacitor electrodes formed according to the present invention are located near to a substrate, thereby forming contact electrodes in many times without forming them one time.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) array panel exhibiting reduced residual images includes: an insulation substrate; gate lines formed on the insulation substrate; storage electrode lines formed between gate lines on the insulation substrate and including a plurality of storage electrodes; data lines crossing the gate lines and the storage electrode lines; TFTs each having first to third terminals, the first terminal being connected with the gate line and the second terminal being connected with the data line; and pixel electrodes connected with the third terminals of the TFTs and including upper, lower, left, and right sides.

Abstract: An exemplary method for manufacturing a TFT array substrate (20) typically for use in a liquid crystal display (LCD) includes: providing an insulating substrate (30) comprising a TFT area (31), a display area (32) and a capacitor area (33); forming a gate electrode (232) at the TFT area and a capacitor electrode (222) at the capacitor area; forming an insulating layer (203), an amorphous silicon layer (204), and a doped amorphous silicon layer (205) in turn on the insulating substrate; etching the doped amorphous silicon, the amorphous silicon and the insulating layer at the display area and the capacitor area; forming a source electrode (231) and a drain electrode (233) at the TFT area; forming a passivation layer (225) at the capacitor area; and forming a pixel electrode (221) on the substrate, the pixel electrode covering the display area, the capacitor area, and part of the TFT area.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device used as a display part of an electronic apparatus which exhibits high brightness and favorable display quality. The liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates which are arranged to face each other in an opposed manner; vertical-alignment type liquid crystal which is sealed between the pair of substrates; a plurality of pixel regions, each pixel region including a sub pixel having a pixel electrode on one substrate and a sub pixel having a pixel electrode on one substrate, a slit formed between the pixel electrodes; and a singular point control part which includes projecting portions which are formed on end portions of the pixel electrodes on the slit-side and controls singular points of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus displaying a color image of a frame by dividing the frame into a plurality of periods in which different colors are displayed includes an LCD panel and light-emitting units. The light-emitting units are disposed under the LCD panel and generate lights having different colors in corresponding periods during a light-emitting interval. For example, the turn-on times of the light-emitting units are sequentially delayed as much as the voltage-transmittance response waveform of the liquid crystal is delayed from the first light-emitting unit to the last light-emitting unit. The light-emitting interval of a first region of the LCD panel ends shortly after its maximum value is reached corresponding to a first gate line of a light-emitting unit, and the light emitting interval of a second region corresponding to a last gate line of the light-emitting unit is delayed to maximize luminance.

Abstract: A multi-domain LCD device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed in which the process steps can be simplified and picture quality can be improved. The multi-domain LCD device includes first and second substrates, data and gate lines on the first substrate in first and second directions to define a plurality of pixel regions, a pixel electrode in each pixel region, having at least one slit pattern, a dielectric frame within the pixel regions on the second substrate to define a plurality of domains, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes an image display unit, a backlight unit that supplies light to the display unit, and an optical film unit including a diffusion sheet and a prism sheet disposed between the display and the backlight units. The prism sheet includes right angle prisms and acute angle prisms that are greater in height than the right angle prisms, which are formed together in the prism film. The arrangement of prisms enables light that would otherwise be lost inside of the display to be recycled, thereby providing an increase in the efficiency of light use by the display and an increase in the angle at which light exits it.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel (10), a light guide plate (12) located below the liquid crystal panel, an illuminator (16) located adjacent a side of the light guide plate, and an electrical connector (15) attached to a side of the light guide plate and receiving the illuminator therein. The illuminator is mechanically attached to the electrical connector, and contact points of the illuminator are in direct physical and electrical connection with corresponding contact points of the electrical connector.

Abstract: A LCD device includes color LEDs, a light-mixing optical guide plate and a main optical guide plate for guiding lights from the color LEDs, a LCD panel for receiving lights from the main optical guide plate, a housing for supporting the LCD panel, light-mixing optical guide plate and main optical guide plate in block, and a heat sink for dissipating the heat transferred from the LEDs. On the rear surface side of the light-mixing optical guide plate, a heat receiving member is provided having a higher heat receiving capability than the rest of the housing.

Abstract: A cyan-colored composition for a color filter contains a phthalocyanine blue pigment comprising either of C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3 and C.I. Pigment Blue 15:4, or both, a phthalocyanine green pigment comprising C.I. Pigment Green 7, and a pigment carrier consisting of a transparent resin, a precursor of the resin or a mixture thereof. A color filter includes a red-colored filter segment, a green-colored filter segment, a blue-colored filter segment, and a cyan-colored filter segment or a yellow-colored filter segment.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display module comprises a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, a light source unit that generates light, a wire grid polarizing plate that selectively transmits and reflects light generated from the light source unit, and a light converting unit that can be formed on the wire grid polarizing plate and converts light reflected from the wire grid polarizing plate to transmit the wire grid polarizing plate.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display that can inhibit the coloring of an image when a liquid-crystal panel is viewed from an oblique direction is provided. An optical filter is disposed at the forward end of a liquid-crystal panel and has different transmittances between a light component that travels in an oblique direction and a light component that travels in a direction normal to the multilayer, where both of the light components have a predetermined wavelength range. In the case where a wide-color-gamut light source, such as LEDs, is used as a light sources of a backlight unit, when the liquid-crystal panel is viewed from an oblique direction, the entire image area tends to be reddish, and the color temperature tends to decrease. In this case, the optical filter is configured such that the intensity of a visible red light component is selectively reduced such that the intensity of a visible blue light component is increased, thereby inhibiting the reddening of an image area when viewed from an oblique direction.

Abstract: An antiglare film having excellent durability is disposed on the front of a display device and comprises a transparent plastic film and, formed on the transparent plastic film, at least an antiglare layer having fine concaves and convexes on its surface, wherein the antiglare layer is formed of a transparent resin and satisfies requirements that: (1) the surface of the antiglare layer has a three-dimensional ten-point mean roughness of 0.9 ?m to 3 ?m; and (2) the mean spacing between adjacent profile peaks on a three-dimensional roughness reference plane is 20 ?m to 50 ?m.

Abstract: A color filter of the present invention includes a large number of colored layers of a plurality of colors regularly arranged together. The color filter is such that xWH?0.05?xB?xWH+0.05 and yWH?0.05?yB?yWH+0.05 or xWH?0.10?xB?xWH and yWH?0.10?yB?yWH is satisfied, where (xWH, yWH) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter alone is irradiated with light to produce a white display, and (xB, yB) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter is irradiated with the same light while being interposed between a pair of polarization plates arranged in a crossed Nicols state each having a degree of polarization of 99.98% or more.

Abstract: A color filter layer includes a first region and a second region, wherein the number of times that light used for display is transmitted through the color filter layer is different between the first region and the second region.

Abstract: A metal cutting and welding guide that aids operator precision in hot metalworking. The guide assists in cutting or welding straighter more precise lines on metal. The guide comprises an arm cradle with a rolling mechanism and arm straps or some similar attaching mechanism. The preferred rolling mechanism moves in a strictly linear motion along the metal. In an alternative embodiment the rolling mechanism can swivel for nonlinear cuts or welds. The invention is affixed to the operator's arm with straps. The rolling mechanism guides the operator as he cuts or welds the metal on a horizontal surface. The operator holds the torch in the arm with the guide attached.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display. A first substrate comprises a plurality of pixels, each pixel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels and each sub-pixel comprises at least one transmissive and at least one reflective regions. A second substrate is opposite to the first substrate, divided into a plurality of regions corresponding to the sub-pixels, and at least three of the regions are color regions and at least one of the regions is a fourth region. A first covering layer covers the first substrate, wherein the first covering layer in the transmissive region corresponding to the fourth region is substantially thicker than that corresponding to the three color regions, and the first covering layer in the reflective region corresponding to the fourth region has a thickness substantially equal to that corresponding to the three color regions. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A transflective display includes a front polarizer, a transflector, and a liquid crystal (LC) panel disposed between the front polarizer and the transflector. The display also includes a backlight for illuminating the LC panel in the transmissive viewing mode. The backlight emits light over selected relatively narrow portions of the visible spectrum, and the transflector has a spectrally variable reflectivity to selectively transmit the light emitted by the backlight and substantially reflect other visible wavelengths. This combination can increase the efficiency of the transflective display by enhancing the display brightness in both the reflective mode and the transmissive mode.

Abstract: By using a photosensitive organic film, an uneven layer for forming a reflective electrode of a reflective region of a transflective liquid crystal display device and a protrusion for multi-division alignment of liquid crystals are concurrently formed. The heights of the uneven layer and of the protrusion are adjusted by using accumulated amounts of light to which the photosensitive organic film is exposed. The uneven layer can be used as an adjusting layer for adjusting the thickness of a liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: When a backlight 15 is turned on in a dark environment, white light emerging from the surface of a light guide plate 15b passes through a polarizer 12 and a retardation film 14, enters the interior of the liquid crystal cell, passes through openings of reflective electrodes 7, and is introduced into a liquid crystal layer 3. The light introduced into the liquid crystal layer 3 passes through a color filter 5, emerges from the liquid crystal cell, and passes through the retardation film 13 and the polarizer 11 towards the exterior. In a lighted environment, the light incident on the polarizer 11 passes through the liquid crystal layer 3, is reflected by the reflective electrode 7, and passes through the polarizer 11 again and is emitted towards the exterior.

Abstract: A retardation film, contains: a cellulose derivative; and an esterified compound in which all or a part of OH groups in a compounds (A) containing one of a furanose structure and a pyranose structure or in a compound (B) in which 2 to 12 of at lease of a furanose structure and a pyranose structure are bonded, are esterified.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display includes two substrates (21, 22) opposite to each other and spaced apart a predetermined distance, each of the substrates having an alignment layer (211, 221); a liquid crystal layer (23) between the two substrates, and having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules; and a plurality of gate lines (241) formed between one alignment layer and one substrate. The two alignment layers have two orthogonal aligning directions, one aligning direction of the two alignment layers being parallel to an extending direction of the gate lines.

Abstract: An LCD device (2) includes a first substrate (21), a second substrate (22), and a liquid crystal layer (23) having liquid crystal molecules is interposed between the first and second substrates. A pretilt angle of the liquid crystal layer adjacent to one of the substrates is 0° to 15°, and a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal layer adjacent to the other substrate is 75° to 90°. This ensures that the LCD device provides a good quality display. In addition, the alignment and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules means that the liquid crystal molecules are hybrid aligned when this is needed, and can be twisted in a very short time.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a first insulating substrate; a gate line formed on first insulating substrate; a data line intersecting gate line; a thin film transistor connected to gate line and the data line; a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor and having a plurality of slits; a second insulating substrate facing first insulating substrate; a slope member disposed on the location corresponding to the corner of pixel electrode and formed on second insulating substrate; a common electrode formed on second insulating substrate; and a liquid crystal layer formed between the common electrode and pixel electrode.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal display device in which generation of display defects, such as afterimages or spot-shaped stains, can be reduced or suppressed, and in addition a bright display having a wide viewing angle can be obtained, in a transflective liquid crystal display device. A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal layer interposed between a pair of substrates, and a transmissive display area and a reflective display area provided in one dot area. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy representing that an initial alignment state is a vertical alignment, and pixel electrodes to drive the liquid crystal and a common electrode are formed in the liquid crystal layer sides of the pair of substrates, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provide a substrate mounting method, a display device and a substrate for realizing sharing of the substrate without increasing the number of substrates. A substrate provided with through holes through which pins of a wire member connector are passed at an end for mounting the wire member connector and lands for mounting a board-to-board connector by soldering pins of the board-to-board connector to the vicinity of the through holes on a surface opposite to the surface on which the wire member connector is mounted, wherein the pins of the wire member connector are passed through the through holes and the pins of the wire member connector and the corresponding lands are electrically connected using conductive wires.

Abstract: An electro optical device includes a first substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged at a predetermined pixel pitch on the first substrate, signal lines and electron devices disposed on the lower side than the pixel electrodes through an interlayer insulation film in a pixel area in which the plurality of pixel electrodes are arranged and electrically connected to the pixel electrodes, a second substrate oppositely disposed to the first substrate, a sealing material for bonding the first substrate and the second substrate together in a seal area along a periphery of the pixel area, and a plurality of dummy wirings arranged at an arrangement pitch equivalent to the predetermined pixel pitch along the periphery of the pixel area in at least a part of the seal area on the first substrate and formed by the same film as at least one of conducting films constituting the signal lines and the electron devices.

Abstract: An LCD device and a method of manufacturing the same are discussed. According to an embodiment, the method includes preparing first and second substrates; and spraying spacers on the first or second substrate through an ink-jet process, wherein the spacers including both positively charged spacers and negatively charged spacers are sprayed on the first or second substrate, thereby preventing the spots and the deterioration of luminance caused by the movement of spacers.

Abstract: A color filter substrate adapted for being assembled with an active device array substrate is provided. The active device array substrate includes active devices, scan lines and data lines. Protrusions are formed at the regions where the scan lines overlap with the data lines. The color filter substrate includes a substrate, a light shielding layer, a color filter layer, a conductive layer and spacers. The spacers are disposed on the substrate, and each spacer has a clipping opening therein, and at least one of the active devices and protrusions is wedged in the corresponding clipping opening. Therefore, the precision of panel assembling is increased.

Abstract: Disclosed are hexahydrodibenzofuran compounds of formula I, the preparation thereof, the use thereof as components in liquid-crystalline media, and to electro-optical display elements which contain the liquid-crystalline media according to the invention.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide means for reversibly controlling the shape of a polymer with a single light beam of low power density, inducing large range of polymer deformation angles, both positive and negative, at high speed, and at room temperature. The invention relates to variable optical components such as variable focus mirrors, lenses, light deflectors, shutters, attenuators, switches, and to remotely operated mechanical actuators.

Abstract: An easily connected and assembled eyeglass frame comprises a frame, a pair of temples and two connecting assemblies, both sides of the frame are provided with a recess, the recess is provided with an upper and a lower column-shaped hole respectively. The connecting assembly is connected to the temple, two cantilevers extend from an upper end, an upper column protrudes upward from one of the cantilevers, a lower column protrudes downward from the other cantilever. The upper and lower columns are engaged in the upper and the lower column-shaped holes respectively. The top ends of the upper column and the upper column-shaped hole are provided with a cross-shaped shallow groove or a cross-shaped protrusion respectively that are engaged with each other. The frame and the temples are connected without using screws, which can reduce the cost. In addition, the temples are symmetrical, and the connecting assemblies have good elasticity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an ophthalmic lens exhibiting optical function coexisting in producing an optical component (10) incorporating at least one type of active material (2) which is distributed in a parallel direction to the surface thereof. Said active material exhibits a radiation-modifiable optical property. The active material (5) portions disposed through the component (10) surface are, afterwards, selectively irradiated in such a way that the optical function is obtainable by modulating said property from one portion to another one, wherein the sizes of said portions are less than 1 mm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing the surfaces of optical workpieces (3) such as optical or eye glass lenses carried out with the aid of a tool (5) and consisting in holding at least one workpiece (3) in a work piece receiving support (4) which is rotatable around the axis of a workpiece spindle (1?). The invention is characterised in that the workpiece (3) is received in the receiving support (4) in such a way that the axis of rotation (2) of the workpiece spindle is placed remotely from the axis (8) of at least one workpiece (3) and the axis (18) of the workpiece support is at least partially in a parallel position to the axis of rotation of the workpiece spindle.

Abstract: The invention relates to autostereoscopic multi-user displays with a sequential representation consisting of a sweet-spot unit and an image matrix. The sweet-spot unit, configured from an illumination and focusing matrix and positioned in front of the image matrix, focuses approximately parallel light bundles in sweet spots onto the eyes of observers. The aim of the invention is to achieve, by optical means, a tracking with a clear image allocation for observers located at a lateral distance from one another that is less than the distance between the eyes. The freedom of movement in terms of the display should be maintained and the information that is assigned to each observer should remain private with regard to other users. To achieve this, the sweet spots are limited horizontally and vertically with the aid of a focusing matrix, which consists of two crossed lens arrays L1 and L2, or a two-dimensional lens array comprising lenses that are arranged in a matrix, or a double lens array.