Abstract: Methods, devices and computer program products automatically package an object in a covering material such as casing and/or netting by: (a) automatically pushing at least one object through a product chute; (b) pulling a covering material upstream of the product chute off an exterior surface of the product chute to automatically enclose the object in the covering material as the object exits the product chute; and (c) applying a clip to the covering material to secure the object in the packing material.

Abstract: A method is provided for compacting textile articles for packaging. At least one article is placed in a mold. The article is compressed multiple times to form a rigid bundle, each compression including the steps of subjecting the article to a predetermined pressure for a predetermined period. Between each compression, the pressure is released. Each compression reduces the compacted volume of the rigid bundle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, use of the method and a device for making a seal (9) in a portion (7) of a material web (1). The material web (1) comprises a first elongate section (2) with a first number of layers of material (20, 21), and a second elongate section (3) with a second number of layers of material (20), at least one of said layers of material (20) being included in both the first and the second section (2, 3), said portion (7) having an extent that intersects a transition (5) from the first section (2) to the second section (3) of the material web (1), the method comprising connecting, in said portion (7), opposite surfaces of the layers of material (20, 21) of the material web (1) to each other. The inventive method is characterised by forming ridges (15) and valleys (16) in said portion (7), and orienting said ridges (15) and valleys (16) in such a manner that they have an extent intersecting said transition (7).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and apparatuses for applying a fluid to the inside of a product packaging material and/or to the outside of a product during packaging of the product. The present invention incorporates a sprayer system into the design of a packer tube and allows the inside surface of the product packaging material and/or the outside surface of the product to be contained within the packaging material to be coated with a fluid. The fluid is applied simultaneously with the packaging of the product. As such, separate steps for applying the fluid and also for packaging the product are not required. In one embodiment, methods and apparatuses for applying a food colorant to the inside of a food packaging material and/or to the outside of a food product during packaging of the food product are provided.

Abstract: A shank assembly adapted for use with an interchangeable mouthpiece is provided wherein the shank assembly comprises upper and lower shank portions that may disconnect to permit removal or replacement of the interchangeable mouthpiece, and re-connect and lock to secure placement of the mouthpiece. An adjustable bit kit is also provided comprising sets of upper and lower shank portions of different lengths which may be combined to form various shank assembly portion ratios in accordance with the training, comfort and response needs of the bridled animal.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed that provides for a conveniently removable mounting stirrup that assists a rider in climbing into a riding saddle, and provides for compact storage. The removable mounting stirrup includes features for a convenient saddle attachment and removal while on top of the riding animal.

Abstract: This invention relates in general to a guard(s)/cap(s) and/or screen(s) apparatus (single and/or multiple formation) for the nacelle/air inlet for numerous jets, turbojet, turboprop and turboshaft engines—(Helicopters and other VTOL/VSTOL aircraft) such as power plants or the like. This apparatus contains the rotational system(s) as well as the engine shaft attached apparatus and/or pole that allows the mechanism to function by auto induced movement, without limiting engine thrust. Additional security measures have been introduced to the guard(s)/cap(s) and/or screen(s) apparatus, which includes a centrifuge chamber/manifold for particle collector without limiting engine thrust.

Abstract: A system for recycling vented atmosphere gas discharged from a heat treatment chamber utilizing a protective atmosphere gas therein. The system includes an atmosphere recycling apparatus configured to receive the vented atmosphere gas. The atmosphere recycling apparatus includes a gas separator configured to separate the vented atmosphere gas into a purified atmosphere gas stream and an impure stream. The atmosphere recycling apparatus is configured to feed the purified atmosphere gas stream to the heat treatment chamber. A storage vessel can be provided to receive the purified atmosphere gas stream from the atmosphere recycling apparatus, and configured to supplement an atmosphere gas supply to the heat treatment chamber with the purified atmosphere gas stream.

Abstract: An apparatus and method used in a urological procedure. The apparatus includes a sheath capable of insertion into a passageway within a patient. A filter is provided that includes a mesh that retains any particulate matter that is entrained with the liquid and allows the liquid to pass therethrough. The filter may be removeably attached to receive flow from an outlet of the sheath.

Abstract: An air filtering device includes a housing formed with an air inlet and an air outlet, an air filter core disposed in the housing at a position corresponding to the air outlet, and an air guide unit. The air guide unit includes a plurality of baffle plates extending from the housing toward one side of the air filter core opposite to the air outlet and defining a plurality of air ducts. Air that flows into the housing via the air inlet is guided by the baffle plates to flow through the air ducts toward the side of the air filter core before being filtered by the air filter core. The filtered air exits the housing via the air outlet.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a filter structure attached via magnets. The filter structure includes a filter body and a magnetic unit. The magnetic unit is attached to the filter body. According to the needs of the user, the filter structure can be disposed or added to any desired place of a device. The filter structure prevents dust and particles in the air from entering the device. Thereby, the device may continue to work normally.

Abstract: A composite honeycomb structure in which the honeycomb structure is highly functionalized and adapted to have catalytic function, considering pressure loss is provided. A honeycomb structure having average pore diameter of 5 to 200 ?m and specific surface area of 100 to 1500 m2/g is provided. Further, a translucent honeycomb structure and a photocatalyst-carrying translucent honeycomb structure having a photocatalyst carried on a surface of the translucent honeycomb structure and/or contained in the translucent honeycomb structure are provided. Further, an air cleaner and a water purifier using the honeycomb structure and the photocatalyst-carrying translucent honeycomb structure are provided.

Abstract: An all natural filter assembly without toxic materials for use in an air filtration unit is provided. The filter assembly for use in an air filtration unit includes a support frame and a disposable grease filter disposed across said support frame. The disposable grease filter is formed of wool fiber coated with a bonding agent comprising a natural soy, whey and/or linseed solution. Also provided is a disposable grease filter blanket, which includes a wool fiber woven, non-woven or needle punched blanket coated with a bonding agent of a natural soy, whey and/or linseed solution. The filter blanket can be coated with approximately 0.3 grams to 2.0 grams of bonding agent per square meter of wool fiber.

Abstract: In a parallelepiped agricultural baler flake transfer events are sensed e.g. by the activation of a pre-compression chamber switch or other means indicating that the pre-compression chamber is full and a signal is sent to the baler control logic. The baler logic records in memory the GPS location of the baler at the time of the flake transfer event. A map is then generated showing the GPS location of each flake transfer event. The average crop quantity per flake is determined e.g. by weighing a finished bale and dividing the bale weight by the number of flakes per bale and programming the information into the baler logic. Finally the crop yield for a given field area is determined in the baler logic by multiplying the average crop quantity per flake by the number of flake events recorded in the given area.

Abstract: On an energy guiding chain for guiding hoses, cables and the like, with a number of chain links connected to each other in articulated fashion, which are formed by mutually parallel side straps (9) and cross-members connecting them, where the energy guiding chain can be traversed, forming a loop consisting of a lower strand, an upper strand, and a deflection zone connecting them, and pairs of adjacent side straps (9) can be pivoted relative to each other about a common pivoting axis (S), it is envisaged, in order to form the most continuous possible surface on the narrow face (10, 12) of the strap strands facing the respectively opposite strand, that the distance between the pivoting axis (S) and the narrow face (10) facing towards the inside of the loop is smaller than that between the pivoting axis (S) and the narrow face (12) facing towards the outside of the loop.

Abstract: An electric motor thermally associated with a liquid reservoir of an aircraft engine is selectively operated to generate heat for pre-heating a liquid in a reservoir prior to engine start.

Abstract: The present application relates to fuel flow limit calculator (12) for use with a fuel control system (30) of an engine (10) comprising a fuel delivery means (28) and a compressor (16). The fuel control system (12) seeks to control the fuel/air ratio (FAR) near the weak extinction limit of the engine (10) as calculated by the fuel flow limit calculator (12). Both the static (PS3) and total (P3) pressure are measured at the exit of compressor (16). This enables a flow reference value (Q3) to be determined so that the air mass flow (W3) can be calculated and the limiting fuel/air ratio calculated. An advantage of the present invention is that it does not require stable combustion for satisfactory operation and allows the occurrence of preferential extinction within an annular combustor (22) to be beneficially utilised.

Abstract: A control and method for operating a gas turbine engine senses the operation of blades associated with any number of rotors in the gas turbine engine. If the sensors report to the control that the blades are operating at a speed that can potentially cause damage or undue vibration, the control moves that component to a slightly different speed at which it will not have the potential problem. The control may also change other components to ensure that the thrust provided by the gas turbine engine is maintained relatively constant.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for in-flight relighting of a turbofan engine involve in one aspect selectively controlling an accessory drag load on one or more windmilling rotors to permit control of the windmill speed to an optimum value for relight conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for a gas turbine engine. The gas turbine engine comprises a high pressure compressor, a single-stage high pressure turbine, a multi-stage low pressure turbine, and a reverse flow combustor unit. The reverse flow combustor comprises a combustor liner assembly, a combustor dome, and a plurality of straight-shafted fuel injectors. The combustor liner assembly includes an inner liner and an outer liner. The inner liner surrounds the single-stage high pressure turbine, and the outer liner is disposed radially outwardly of, and at least partially surrounding, the inner liner. The combustor dome assembly is coupled between the inner liner and the outer liner to define a combustion chamber therebetween. The plurality of straight-shafted fuel injectors are coupled to the combustor dome, with each fuel injector having at least an inlet, an outlet, and a linear fuel passageway extending therebetween.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine comprising a ventilation zone defined between a core engine casing and a core fairing and having a discharge nozzle, the engine further comprises a pre-cooler having a flow of coolant therethrough and which coolant being ducted into the ventilation zone wherein an additional ventilation zone outlet system is provided and comprises a variable area outlet.

Abstract: Pulse detonation combustors of valveless construction. One valveless pulse detonation combustor, having a tube with a closed end and an open end, is constructed with a flame accelerator within the tube, adjacent the open end. A valveless, apertured flow restrictor is positioned between the flame accelerator and the closed end of the tube. A sparking device is positioned within the tube, between the flow restrictor and the flame accelerator. Valveless fuel and air ports are positioned between the flow restrictor and the closed end of the tube. Substantially right-angle manifold passageways are in communication with each of the ports.

Abstract: A low emissions 2-stroke natural gas fueled engine includes at least one cylinder with an exhaust port in communication with a silencer/catalytic converter unit. The unit has first and second volumes in communication with each other. The first volume dampens spurious exhaust pressure excursions and removes particulates in the exhaust. The second volume houses an oxidation catalyst for treating exhaust to reduce exhaust emissions. The engine oil has at most 10 ppm zinc content to reduce metal poisons contained in the exhaust prior to contact with the oxidation catalyst. The engine oil preferably has a very low ash content to minimize sulfur combustion components in the exhaust to reduce masking of the oxidation catalyst. The first volume preferably has a pressure relief valve set to relieve at a pressure greater than the maximum normal operating pressure of the engine to avoid excessive pressure excursions of the engine exhaust from damaging the oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Through the use transfer functions, or other modeling types, directed toward the individual operation of an engine and after-treatment subsystems, an optimizer determines the trade-offs between fuel consumption, urea consumption, and reduction of NOx and PM emissions for each component of the integrated system. Evaluation of these trade-offs permits the optimizer to dictate how each component should be controlled, or adjusted, to achieve optimal fuel (and urea) consumption while meeting the constraints bounding the solution. Response characteristics can be triggered by adjusting certain engine operating levers in order to achieve optimal performance of the integrated system.

Abstract: An efficiency improving device includes a phase compensating circuit, a filter circuit, a first diode in a forward direction, and a second diode in a reverse direction; the phase compensating circuit includes two wires, and several parallel capacitors connected to the wires; the wires are connected to the battery of a car; the filter circuit includes a resistor, and capacitors connected in series with the resistor, and it is connected the phase compensating circuit; the first and the second diodes, and the resistor of the filter circuit are connected in parallel; the filter circuit is used for filtering off impure signals produced by the circuits of the car, thus improving performance of electronic equipments and sensitivity of the acceleration pedal and the automatic gearshift; the first and the second diodes are used to control charging and discharging of the capacitors, thus preventing the capacitors from making instantaneous and massive discharge.

Abstract: An arrangement for recirculation of exhaust gases of a combustion engine comprises a return line which connects an exhaust line of the engine to an inlet line of the engine to recirculate exhaust gases from the exhaust line to the inlet line. At least one EGR cooler for cooling the recirculating exhaust gases in the return line. The EGR cooler is fitted close to the combustion engine so that a vertical plane extending substantially centrally between an inlet portion and an outlet portion of each of the EGR coolers for recirculating exhaust gases is substantially parallel with a vertical plane through the combustion engine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for reducing exhaust gases in an initial cold start period, in which a main catalyst unit is connected to an engine through an exhaust pipe, including the steps of receiving signals for stopping engine operation from an engine, and removing engine exhaust gases remaining in an exhaust pipe located at an inlet of a main catalyst unit.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system, including injection of chemical species, has a mixer in the exhaust pipe between the injector and the aftertreatment element. The mixer is provided by a stamped muffler flange.

Abstract: A power source has at least one combustion chamber, an exhaust system fluidly connected to the at least one combustion chamber and configured to receive an exhaust-gas stream, and a fuel source configured to supply fuel to the at least one combustion chamber. The power source also has an additive supply device configured to supply an ethanol additive to the at least one combustion chamber; and a selective reduction catalyst system catalyst fluidly connected to the exhaust system and configured to receive the exhaust-gas stream.

Abstract: A method for reducing pollutant emissions of a power system may include the steps of providing a first portion of an ethanol additive to a first power source, wherein the first power source includes a combustion chamber. The method may also include supplying a second portion of the ethanol additive to a second power source and providing a primary fuel to the combustion chamber. The method may further include the steps of combusting at least a portion of primary fuel and at least some of the first portion of ethanol additive in the combustion chamber, wherein the combustion results in formation of an exhaust-gas stream, providing a third portion of ethanol additive to the exhaust-gas stream, and exposing the exhaust-gas stream to a selective catalytic reduction system catalyst.

Abstract: The inventive system comprises means (10) for determining the vehicle running mode, means (11) for determining the mass of elementary carbon exhausted by the engine according said running mode, means (15) for accumulating said elementary masses during the engine operation and obtaining a total mass thereof, means (18) for calculating the volume of ash from engine lubrication oil, means (20) for calculating the volume of ash from engine feed fuel, means (21) for calculating the effective volume of the depollution means on the basis of the total volume of the means thereof as they are new or cleaned, the already calculated volume of ash and means for calculating the degree of soot loading of the depollution means on the basis of the total mass, the effective volume and the maximum density of deposits on the depollution means.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cooling and particulate scrubbing system for automobiles includes a first stage intercooler for initial, indirect cooling of the exhaust gas and a direct exhaust gas cooling and scrubbing device preferably positioned downstream in the exhaust system therefrom. The intercooler is designed to provide circulation of a liquid cooling medium by convection and has airflow ducts positioned within a surrounding jacket oriented to permit air to move therethrough during movement of the automobile. The a direct exhaust gas cooling and scrubbing device passes the exhaust gas through a liquid cooling medium whereby the exhaust gas is cooled in an effort to trap suspended particulates in the liquid cooling medium.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a first exhaust passage and second exhaust passage branched from an exhaust passage are provided. An NOx storing reduction catalyst and a particulate filter are arranged in each exhaust passage. For example, when NOx should be released from the NOx storing reduction catalyst in the first exhaust passage, fuel is added from a fuel addition valve in the state with exhaust gas allowed to flow into only the first exhaust passage, while when the added fuel sticks to the NOx storing reduction catalyst, the first exhaust control valve is temporarily closed and the exhaust gas is made a rich air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is provided for use on a diesel particulate filter which facilitates the oxidation of soot from diesel engine exhaust and which generates low NO2 emissions during regeneration of the filter. The catalyst composition includes a catalytic metal comprising a platinum group metal selected from Pt, Pd, Pt—Pd, or combinations thereof, an active metal oxide component containing Cu and La; and an oxide component selected from oxides of Co, Fe, or combinations thereof. The catalyst composition includes a support selected from alumina, silica, zirconia, or combinations thereof. The catalyst composition may be provided on a diesel particulate filter by impregnating the filter with an alumina, silica or zirconia sol solution modified with glycerol and/or saccharose, impregnating the filter with a stabilizing solution, and impregnating the filter with a solution containing the catalyst metal precursor(s), the active metal oxide precursor(s) and the Co or Fe oxide(s).

Abstract: An exhaust gas-cooling device for use on an exhaust gas conveyance system of a vehicle having an exhaust gas passageway to emit exhaust gases from an engine to an outlet includes an exhaust passageway pipe in fluid communication with the engine, and a micro-venturi mixing chamber pipe in fluid communication with and located downstream of the exhaust passageway pipe. The micro-venturi mixing chamber pipe defines the outlet of the exhaust gas-cooling device and has at least one aperture disposed on a pipe body of the micro-venturi mixing chamber for introducing ambient air into the micro-venturi mixing chamber pipe.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transaxle comprises: a motor casing; at least one hydraulic motor disposed in the motor casing; at least one output shaft disposed in the motor casing so as to be driven by the at least one hydraulic motor; and a pair of steerable wheel support units attached onto respective opposite ends of the motor casing. Each of the steerable wheel support units includes an axle, a steerable casing, a wheel, and a steering arm. In each of the steerable wheel support units, the axle is drivingly connected to the at least one output shaft, the steerable casing is substantially horizontally rotatable relative to the motor casing, the wheel is attached on an outer end of the axle outside of the steerable casing, and the steering arm is rotatably integrally provided on the steerable casing.

Abstract: A thermodynamic cycle heat engine including a regenerator; a chamber in fluid communication with the regenerator; first and second rotors within the chamber, forming at least a pair of spaces within the chamber; and at least one actuator. The regenerator and the chamber form a portion of a closed space for a working fluid, the actuator is arranged to displace the rotors about an axis of rotation for the rotors, and at least a portion of the actuator is fixedly secured to the rotors. In some aspects, the actuator is arranged to receive energy from the rotors and operate as a generator, or a sensor is arranged to detect a condition associated with operation of the chamber and a controller is arranged to control the actuator responsive to the detected condition. In some aspects, the engine includes a heat exchanger in fluid communication between the regenerator and the chamber.

Abstract: Anti-pollution engines are used for/in all kinds of transportations; all engine-vehicles, motor-vehicles, cars, automobiles, trucks, buses, vans, trains, underground trains, motorcycles, airplanes, helicopters, space rockets, missiles, ships, fleet, submarines, tractors, cultivators, tanks, generators, pumps, compressors, machineries, equipments, appliances, motors/engines of all sorts, and moving objects of all sorts without using energy or least energy of gasoline, fuel, gas and/or nuclear etc for modernizing motors/engines of all sorts.

Abstract: A directional geothermal energy system and method helps to increase control in paths to be taken by geo-fluid flow through hot rock to create engineered geothermal reservoirs and networks to mine heat from hot rock resources. The system uses directional drilling techniques to create a spanning borehole extending between an injection borehole and a production borehole. The spanning borehole typically extends through hot rock for a distance on the order of kilometers to allow the geo-fluid flowing through the spanning borehole adequate transit time and surface contact to obtain sufficient heat given a certain flow rate for the geo-fluid. In some implementations, multiple injection boreholes can supply geo-fluid to a single production borehole. Individual geo-fluid networks can be so sized, shaped, and located with respect to one another to form a collection of geo-fluid networks to mine heat from very large hot rock resources.

Abstract: A pyramid-like structure consisting of a base and 3 or more side frames, each side frame forming an angle to the base. The pyramid-like structure having an enclosed space within and including a way to collect solar energy and to collect and transfer thermal energy from the sun; air suction mechanisms to take surrounding air into the enclosed space; a plurality of wind turbines; a Main Thermal Reservoir to take in and hold heat transfer medium, which is heated therein and then pumped to the top day tanks. The heat transfer medium is heated by a Heat Absorption and Transfer Layer through a network of pipes on the side frame back to the Main Thermal Reservoir, wherein thermal energy is collected, absorbed and transferred to the enclosed space of the pyramid, heating the enclosed space and within the air suction means, causing a temperature differential between the surrounding air and heated air inside the enclosed space of the pyramid to create a continuous flow of the heated air to turn the wind turbines.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various systems and methods for producing mechanical power from a heat source. The system may include a heat recovery heat exchanger, a turbine, a condenser heat exchanger, and a liquid circulating pump, etc. In other embodiments, a desuperheater or an economizer, or both, may be employed. In one illustrative embodiment, the system comprises a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid from a heat source and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer with the fluid from the heat source, at least one turbine adapted to receive the vapor, and an optional economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from the turbine and the working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with the exhaust vapor from the turbine prior to the introduction of the working fluid into the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: A fluid machine includes a fluidization portion for compressing or expanding a working fluid which is heated to be brought into a vapor phase state after circulating in a cycle, an oil storage portion for storing therein lubricant oil for lubricating a sliding surface of the fluidization portion, a lubricant oil feed passage for guiding the lubricant oil stored in the oil storage portion to a sliding portion of the fluidization portion by a flow of the working fluid, and a sliding surface pressure adjustment portion that is controlled to adjust a sliding surface pressure of the sliding portion. The working fluid flows inside the machine with the sliding surface pressure of the sliding portion decreased as compared with that in a normal operation of the fluidization portion by the sliding surface pressure adjustment portion, and thereafter the decreasing of the sliding surface pressure by the sliding surface pressure adjustment portion is released.

Abstract: In various illustrative examples, the system may include heat recovery heat exchangers, one or more turbines or expanders, a desuperheater heat exchanger, a condenser heat exchanger, a separator, an accumulator, and a liquid circulating pump, etc. In one example, a bypass desuperheater control valve may be employed. The system comprises a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a heating stream from a heat source after passing through a second heat exchanger and a second portion of a working fluid, wherein, the second portion of working fluid is converted to a hot liquid via heat transfer. An economizer heat exchanger that is adapted to receive a first portion of the working fluid and the hot discharge vapor from at least one turbine may also be provided. The first and second portions of the working fluid are recombined in a first flow mixer after passing through the economizer heat exchanger and first heat exchanger, respectively.

Abstract: An internal steam engine comprising one or more cylinders containing pistons, injectors and heating means. Air is drawn into said cavities and compressed as the piston reaches top dead center. The injector means spray the charge of heated compressed air with a non-combustible liquid which is vaporized under constant pressure followed by expansion and power stroke by the piston. The exhaust of the air mixture from the piston cavity is released through the liquid supply tank where the vapor is condensed and recycled to complete a closed operating cycle. A new charge is taken in at the end of the exhaust following either a four- or two-stroke engine process. The heating means are controlled by the cylinder temperature and activated to provide heat to the compression as required.

Abstract: Thermo-dynamic battery is a energy storage unit for converting compressed gas energy into consumable electrical power for application uses with any device that requires electrical power to function. A method for storing electrical energy in the form of compressed gas and converting the same energy to electric power includes compressing gas and storing the compressed gas for release to drive a generator. A system and method for storing, disseminating, and utilizing energy in the form of gas compression and expansion comprises a method for expanding compressed gas in at least two stages and further provides for storing energy in the form of compressed gas through compression in at least two stages. Apparatus is provided to operate in accordance with the described procedure to contribute at or about 90% efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of superheated of steam by transferring heat from at least a fraction of a high pressure steam to a lower pressure steam to produce a superheated, lower pressure steam. The high pressure steam can be generated by recovering heat from a heat producing chemical process such as, for example, the partial oxidation of carbonaceous materials. The lower pressure steam can be generated by reducing the pressure of a portion of the high pressure steam or by recovering heat from one or more chemical processes. The superheated, lower pressure steam may used to generate electricity in a steam turbine, operate a steam turbine drive, or as a heat source. Also disclosed is a process for driving a steam turbine using superheated steam produced by the process of the invention.

Abstract: A waste heat utilization device includes a Rankine cycle in which an operation fluid circulates, and a control unit which controls an operation of the Rankine cycle. The Rankine cycle has a heater for heating the operation fluid using a waste fluid with a waste heat from a heat engine, an expander that expands the heated operation fluid to recover a mechanical energy, and a condenser for cooling and condensing the expanded operation fluid. The control unit operates the Rankine cycle when a waste fluid temperature is not less than a predetermined temperature and when the waste fluid is in a flowing state in the heat engine.

Abstract: In certain circumstances recovery of a fluid flow presented through a heat exchanger into another flow can create problems with respect to drag and loss of thrust. In gas turbine engines heat exchangers are utilized for providing cooling of other flows such as in relation to compressor air taken from the core of the engine and utilized for cabin ventilation and de-icing functions. By providing an outlet valve through an outlet duct in a wall of a housing the exhaust fluid flow from the heat exchanger can be returned to the by-pass flow with reduced drag effects whilst recovering thrust. The valve may take the form of a flap displaceable into the by-pass flow before an exit plan to create a reduction in static pressure drawing fluid flow through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Within a turbine engine a heat exchanger may be provided to cool compressor air flows to be utilized for cabin ventilation or other functions. A fluid flow acting as a coolant for the heat exchanger is generally drawn from the by-pass duct of the engine and a dedicated outlet duct is provided such that the exhausted fluid flow from the heat exchanger is delivered along the conduit duct to a low pressure region. In such circumstances, an appropriate pressure differential across the heat exchanger is maintained for operational efficiency when required, whilst the exhausted fluid flow is isolated and does not compromise the usual engine ventilation vent exit area sizing. Over-sized ventilation vents would create an aerodynamic step and therefore drag upon the thrust of the engine.

Abstract: A method for generating combustion products within a gas turbine engine includes directing an internal air/fuel mixture towards a stagnation point in close proximity to an inner surface of a porous wall defining a combustion chamber. The internal air/fuel mixture is ignited to generate combustion products including a pilot flame. A quantity of air is externally mixed with a quantity of fuel to produce an external air/fuel mixture. The external air/fuel mixture is directed through the porous wall and into the combustion chamber such that the external air/fuel mixture is ignited by the pilot flame. A direction of flow of the combustion products is reversed at the stagnation point.