Abstract: In a terminal portion according to one embodiment of the present invention, the terminal portion being of a flexible print circuit board or a flexible flat cable and for connecter-fitting, a copper or a copper alloy wiring having a pure tin or a tin alloy plating layer formed thereon is thermally treated so as to form an inter-metal compound including copper and tin on the copper or the copper alloy wiring, and that a remaining thickness of the pure tin or the tin alloy plating layer is from 0.2 ?m to 1.6 ?m.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a conductive paste which has not only sufficient adhesion to a polyimide as a substrate, but also good in both folding endurance and solvent resistance. To achieve the above object, the conductive paste comprises a conductive powder and a binder resin which is characterized in that the binder resin is an epoxy resin composition containing an aluminum compound and a silane coupling agent. The epoxy resin composition is preferred to contain the epoxy resin at 2 to 20 parts by weight, the aluminum compound at 0.01 to 3.0 parts by weight and the silane coupling agent at 0.01 to 3.0 parts by weight.

Abstract: This invention provides a multilayer printed wiring board which achieves fine pitches. A heat resistant substrate is incorporated in a multilayer printed wiring board and interlayer resin insulation layer and conductive layer are placed alternately on the heat resistant substrate. A built-up wiring board in which respective conductive layers are connected by via hole is formed. A via hole is formed on the surface of a mirror-processed Si substrate by using a heat resistant substrate composed of Si substrate so that finer wiring than a resin substrate having unevenness in its surface can be formed, whereby achieving fine pitches. Further, by forming the wiring on a mirror processed surface, dispersion of wiring decreases thereby decreasing dispersion of impedance.

Abstract: A ceramic multilayer substrate having excellent migration resistance and high bonding strength between a resin sealing material and a ceramic multilayer substrate body, includes a laminated substrate body having lands, and external electrodes, and covered with a siloxane film formed by a PVD process. The thickness of the siloxane film is lower than about 100 nm. After that, external electrodes of a mounting component are electrically connected and firmly hold to the lands of the laminated substrate body via solder. Next, a resin sealing material for sealing the mounting component is formed on the laminated substrate body.

Abstract: A tool for drilling holes through ice has a central drill rod (2) having a spiral (5) for lifting crushed ice formed by the drilling, a carrier (6) attached to one end of the drill rod (2) and being fixed to at least one cutting blade (12) extending substantially radially with respect the drill rod (2) and having a cutting edge (13) for cutting and thereby drilling into the ice upon rotation of the drill rod (2). A member is fixed with respect to the carrier (6) for support on the ice through a surface (15) at a distance in the direction of the axis of the drill rod (2) in the drilling direction behind the cutting edge of the cutting blade (12) for defining the cutting depth when drilling by the tool.

Abstract: A system for selectively orienting a bit at the end of a drillstring in a wellbore, the system, in certain aspects, having: motive apparatus for rotating a drillstring and a bit connected to an end of the drillstring; a control member manually movable to effect a change in orientation of the bit; a control system in communication with the motive apparatus and the control member for translating a signal from the control member indicative of manual movement of the control member into a command to the motive apparatus, the command commanding the motive apparatus to rotate the drillstring and the bit in correspondence to the movement of the control member.

Abstract: A method for conducting nondestructive internal inspection of a rotary drill bit used for drilling subterranean formations comprises communicating ultrasonic waves into a drill bit and detecting ultrasonic waves that are reflected by at least a portion of the drill bit. In some embodiments, the waves may be directed into the drill bit from within a longitudinal bore thereof. Reflected waves also may be detected from within the bore. The methods may be used to develop threshold acceptance criteria for classifying drill bits as acceptable or unacceptable to prevent catastrophic failures of drill bits during use. Systems and apparatuses are disclosed for conducting nondestructive ultrasonic inspection of a drill bit used for drilling subterranean formations. The systems and apparatuses may comprise an ultrasonic probe configured for insertion within an internal longitudinal bore of a drill bit. Drill bits are disclosed that are configured to facilitate nondestructive ultrasonic inspection thereof.

Abstract: A method for oscillating a drillstring, the drillstring extending into the earth, the drillstring having a bit on a lower end thereof, the bit for drilling into the earth, the drillstring connected to a motive apparatus, the motive apparatus for rotating the drillstring, the motive apparatus having a power output associated with rotating the drillstring, the method including, in certain aspects, determining a first amount of energy and a second amount of energy, said determining based on the power output of the motive apparatus, applying the first amount of energy to the drillstring in a first rotational direction, applying the second amount of energy to the drilling in a second rotational direction, the second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction, the application of both the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy not moving the bit.

Abstract: What is provided is a method and apparatus wherein a swivel can be detachably connected to an annular blowout preventer thereby separating the drilling fluid or mud into upper and lower sections and allowing the fluid to be displaced in two stages, such as while the drill string is being rotated and/or reciprocated. In one embodiment the sleeve or housing can be rotatably and sealably connected to a mandrel. The swivel can be incorporated into a drill or well string and enabling string sections both above and below the sleeve to be rotated in relation to the sleeve. In one embodiment the drill or well string does not move in a longitudinal direction relative to the swivel. In one embodiment, the drill or well string does move longitudinally relative to the sleeve or housing of the swivel.

Abstract: An orienting apparatus including at least one housing element configured to couple with a drill string; an actuator disposed inside the at least one housing element; a nozzle coupled to the actuator; a torque generator coupled to the actuator and extending axially downward through the at least one housing, wherein the torque generator is configured to rotate in a first direction as it moves downward; a mandrel coupled to the torque generator; and a stroke adjuster at least partially disposed in an upper end of the mandrel, wherein rotation in the first direction is caused by an increase in differential pressure is disclosed.

Abstract: A swivelling device is provided for picking up or backing off a drive string after it has been stuck in a down hole. The device allows the drive string to move longitudinally and rotate. The device has a shaft rotatably mounted in a housing so that the shaft can freely rotate but can not move radially or axially relative to the housing. A frame support is moveably connected to the housing and has an aperture that is attachable to a support system capable of lifting up the drive string. A pair of biasing mechanisms bias the housing towards the frame support. When a downward force is applied to the shaft by the drive string, the housing can be displaced downwards away from the support frame. Once the downward force ceases, the biasing mechanism moves the housing back towards the support frame.

Abstract: A mill assembly having a milling head which is releasable from the mill body, such as by shifting a ball clutch mechanism. The ball clutch mechanism can be shifted by dropping a pumpable plug through the work string to block fluid flow through the releasable milling head, or by increasing fluid flow through a constriction in the releasable milling head to increase the back pressure above the milling head. A check valve in the milling head can prevent uphole flow through the work string in the event of a pressure excursion. A fishing neck can be attached to the milling head.

Abstract: A steering mechanism for a wheel of a self-propelled vehicle includes a wheel spindle on which the wheel is rotatably mounted, a steering motor turning a steering tube defining a generally vertical steer axis, a propulsion drive motor turning a propulsion drive shaft extending through the steering tube, and a plurality of gears providing a gear reduction ratio between the propulsion drive motor and the wheel. The wheel is offset from the steer axis and rotates on the wheel spindle if the steering motor turns the steering tube while the propulsion drive shaft is stationary.

Abstract: A vehicle power transfer system and method, and vehicle using the same. The vehicle power transfer system including a differential unit coupled to a half axle, and an electric motor for supplying torque to propel a vehicle. The electric motor is collinear with the differential unit and the half axle.

Abstract: A hybrid powertrain includes a control unit that regulates electric power interchange an energy storage device and a motor/generator for causing selective torque generation by the motor/generator and for controlling engagement of torque-transmitting mechanisms. The control unit is configured to place the torque-transmitting mechanism in slipping engagement to launch the vehicle and thereby decouple a fixed relationship between engine torque and motor/generator torque or between engine torque and torque at the output member. A method of operating a hybrid vehicle powertrain is also provided.

Abstract: In response to the driver's gearshift operation from a parking position to a drive position, the control procedure of the invention controls a motor connected to a transmission to output a center adjustment torque Tset, while the transmission is in a state of disconnecting the motor from an axle of a hybrid vehicle. The control procedure adjusts the rotation centers of respective rotational elements in the transmission by rotating the respective rotational elements, and then initiates gradual engagement of a brake to set the transmission in a low gear position. This arrangement desirably retains deviation of the rotation centers of the respective rotational elements in the transmission and prevents potential troubles due to the eccentric rotation centers of the respective rotational elements in the transmission.

Abstract: A wheelchair T is driven by hybrid control of a fuel cell 3 and a rechargeable battery 5. The wheelchair is driven by a motor M to which electric power is supplied from the fuel cell 3 and the rechargeable battery 5. Electric power is supplied to the motor by hydraulic control based on load fluctuations corresponding to the travel conditions of the wheelchair T. The electric energy generated by the fuel cell 3 is kept at a constant level, and the energy of the lithium-ion battery 5 is additionally used when a high load is applied to the motor such as when the wheelchair is ascending a slope. When excess energy is generated by the fuel cell 3, the lithium-ion battery 5 is charged with the excess energy, thereby minimizing the possibility of exhaustion of the lithium-ion battery 5 so that the wheelchair can travel a long distance. By using a rechargeable battery that is resistant to load fluctuations, the wheelchair can be driven smoothly.

Abstract: A hybrid motorcycle capable of mounting thereon a hybrid-type drive unit, which does not project in a vehicle width direction and can be mounted even on a motorcycle having a limited vehicle width, includes a power distributing device positioned between a generator and a motor, and a reduction device arranged rearwardly of the power distributing device. A front end of a drive-wheel transmission device is journaled on a rear end of a central storage casing so that a rear end side of the drive-wheel transmission device is vertically swingable, and a rear wheel is journaled on the rear end of the drive-wheel transmission device. The power distributing device includes a sun gear, planetary gears, a planetary carrier, and a ring gear. Further, a carrier shaft projects from a rotor shaft and rotation of a crank shaft is transmitted through a intermediate gear portion to the projecting end of the carrier shaft.

Abstract: A method for transmitting power to the wheels of a motor vehicle includes driveably connecting an output of a transmission to a first set of wheels, varying the magnitude of torque transmitted to an input of a differential mechanism, varying the speed of the input of the first differential mechanism, and driveably connecting the differential mechanism to the wheels of a second wheel set.

Abstract: A method for transmitting power to the wheels of a motor vehicle includes driveably connecting an output of a transmission to a first set of wheels, varying the magnitude of torque transmitted to an input of a differential mechanism, varying the speed of the input of the first differential mechanism, and driveably connecting the differential mechanism to the wheels of a second wheel set.

Abstract: A method of establishing belt pullout in an occupant restraint system for vehicles with a safety belt includes the steps: detecting the vehicle acceleration, and establishing the belt pullout in dependence on the detected vehicle acceleration.

Abstract: A device for a motor vehicle is disclosed that affords occupant protection during the impact of energy directed laterally against a motor vehicle door (6) as a result of a collision, the device having a connecting structure (7) comprising at least two parts, a first part and a second part of which the first part (T1) is firmly connected to the motor vehicle door (6) and the second part (T2) is firmly connected to an energy-absorbing area of the motor vehicle body (5) located in the interior of the motor vehicle (1) and the two parts can be brought to enter an active connection via at least one common joining section (F) for selective diversion of at least a part of the impact energy acting laterally on the motor vehicle door (6) into the area of the body of the motor vehicle (5). The first and/or second part (T1, T2), due to energy input to a transformable material, a change in mechanical state in particular in the form of a change in shape due to which the two parts are made to adjoin and interlock.

Abstract: A method for providing enhanced stability, control and management for a prime mover connected to an auxiliary vehicle is disclosed. An auxiliary vehicle is connected to a prime mover with an auxiliary stability enhancing system and an electronic stability enhancing system, including at least one processor with a memory having computer instructions stored thereon. The processor communicates with a plurality of sensors to detect force values and motions values, and communicates with database storage containing specifications and characteristics representing the prime mover and auxiliary vehicle to compare the force and motion values with the specifications to determine if any values exceed known preset threshold values for the prime mover and auxiliary vehicle. A calculated response, and a location for applying the response, is determined by using a computer model of the prime mover and auxiliary vehicle to reduce the detected force or motion value that exceeds the preset threshold value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for blocking the steering shaft (1) of a motor vehicle against rotation by means of a locking bolt (2) which can be axially moved back and forth between a locked position and a released position in a housing (10) via a two-directionally rotatable control member (34) and comprises a locking element (6) and an actuating element (7). The control member (34) surrounds the actuating element (7) and is provided with two interior grooves (42, 43) that extend in a helical manner and a planar end surface (44a, 44b) which adjoins the grooves and extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation (11) of the control member (34). A transverse pin (40) which can be axially displaced in a transverse bore (41) of the actuating element (7) cooperates with said grooves (42, 43) and said end surface (44a, 44b). The locking element (6) can be pushed into the actuating element (7) against the action of a helical compression spring (8).

Abstract: A frame for small utility vehicles. The frame allows for modular assembly such that the same frame can be utilized to manufacture small utility vehicles of varying configurations. The frame is configured to allow efficient assembly such that limited movement of the frame is required during the attachment of the various components to assemble the small utility vehicle. The components can be attached directly to the frame from either a top or side of the frame.

Abstract: A small utility vehicle frame has tubular frame members with blind holes therein. Threaded inserts are disposed in the blind holes and are axially and rotationally fixed to the tubular frame members. The threaded inserts allow attachment of components of the small utility vehicle to the frame without requiring access to the back of the blind opening to retain a fastener.

Abstract: An three-wheel vehicle including a modular front structure having a storage compartment therein. The modular front structure is adapted to be mounted onto the chassis of the three-wheel vehicle and to support bodywork elements thereby providing ease of assembly of the vehicle and ease of disassembly for packaging the vehicle.

Abstract: A toothed belt gearing includes a toothed pulley including pulley teeth having a first configuration and a toothed belt including belt teeth having a second configuration. The belt teeth are meshable with the pulley teeth, the first configuration and the second configuration being different from one another and being selected so as to minimize air present in tooth spaces between meshed ones of the belt and pulley teeth as compared to other toothed belt and pulley combinations which share a substantially same tooth configuration, thereby reducing noise radiation resulting from a resonance behavior of the toothed belt normally present in the other toothed belt and pulley combinations.

Abstract: A steering control system is provided for a vehicle having a steering wheel, steerable wheels, and a hydraulic steering actuator for controlling a steering angle of the steerable wheels in response to a hydraulic control signal. The steering control system includes a hydro-mechanical valve coupled to the steering wheel and generating a first hydraulic signal as a function of steering wheel position, an electro-hydraulic valve generating a second hydraulic signal as a function of an electronic control signal, an electronic control unit generating the electronic control signal, and a hydraulic combining unit which combines the first and second hydraulic signals supplies the hydraulic control signal to the hydraulic steering actuator. The steering control system also includes a steering wheel angle sensor, a yaw rate sensor, and a steered wheel angle sensor. The control unit generates an electronic control signal as a function of the sensor signals.

Abstract: A steering system (1) of a vehicle, having a steering wheel (2) which is connected mechanically to the steerable vehicle wheels (11) via a steering column (3). A superimposition actuator (26) which can be actuated independently of the driver by a control device (25) is provided for generating a superimposition variable (U). A superimposition device (6) superimposes a steering wheel variable (?H) which describes the steering actuation of the steering wheel (2) and the superimposition variable (U) to form an output variable. A steering actuator (19) sets a steering angle (?L) at the steerable vehicle wheels (20) as a function of the output variable. An actuating device (27) is provided which is actuated by the control device (25) in order to generate an actuating device torque (MS) which acts on the steering column.

Abstract: A steering system including a rack and pinion, and two tie rods is provided. The rack has a rack axis, and each of the two tie rods has a tie rod axis. The rack is engaged by the pinion, such that rotation of the pinion drives the rack to move in a linear direction. Each of the two tie rods has its first end connected to the rack, such that the tie rod axis is offset from the rack axis. Further, each of the two tie rods has a second end, which is connected to the wheels of a vehicle.

Abstract: A motor 1 for electric power steering has a motor section 12 for generating rotary torque and a motor cover 11 which houses the motor section 12 and is fixed to a column. The motor cover 11 has a yoke section 21 and a flange section 22 which is disposed at one end of the yoke section 21 and fixed to the column at a plurality of positions The yoke section 21 has at least one rib 50A (50B) provided on an exterior surface located between positions where the flange section 22 is fixed to the column.

Abstract: A speaker enclosure includes a first set of walls defining a first box, a second set of walls defining a second box disposed within the first box to define an enclosed compartment between the first set of walls and the second set of walls, an aperture located at least one of the second set of walls defining an opening between the internal volume of the second box and the enclosed compartment, and an alternative density transmission medium affixed to one or more surfaces of the first set of walls and/or the second set of walls in the enclosed compartment.

Abstract: A sound-absorbing exhaust nozzle center plug for an aircraft gas turbine engine can include an outer skin and at least one forward cavity within the outer skin. At least one aft cavity can be located within the outer skin and substantially aft of the forward cavity. A perforated wall including a plurality of first openings can be disposed between the forward and aft cavities. The outer skin can include a second plurality of openings providing an acoustic pathway through the outer skin and into the forward cavity. The forward and aft cavities can be configured to absorb and dissipate relatively low-frequency sound energy emitted from an aircraft gas turbine engine's combustor.

Abstract: A roping harness for belaying when working at a height comprises a pair of leg loops, a belt equipped with a ventral attachment means, and a pair of shoulder straps joined to one another at the front by a fall-arrest safety chest attachment buckle which is located above the ventral attachment means. A ventral ascender is inserted between the ventral attachment means and the chest attachment buckle to achieve a strong link between the shoulder straps and the sit harness formed by the leg loops and the belt.

Abstract: A detachable ladder is disclosed that includes a lower frame including two substantially trapezoidal legs, a first board interconnected tops of the legs, and one or more crosspieces interconnected the legs; and an upper frame including two side units each including a substantially trapezoidal upper element having its forward end pivotably secured to a top front end of the leg, and a lower support extended downward from the upper element, a second board interconnected bottoms of the upper elements, a third board interconnected tops of the upper elements, and one or more fourth boards interconnected intermediate portions of the upper elements. Pivoting the upper frame about the lower frame until the tops of the upper elements rest upon a supporting ground will convert the ladder into a chair.

Abstract: Ladder stand structures having a ladder assembly and a platform assembly which may be secured in a plurality of positions as the platform assembly is raised or lowered in sliding engagement with the ladder assembly, and an enhanced method of assembling such ladder stand structures.

Abstract: An access assembly to approach a first storage tank and an adjacent second storage tank of a planting implement is provided. The first and second storage tanks are mounted on a wheeled frame assembly for movement in a direction of travel. The access assembly includes a ramp having a first end opposite a second end aligned in a fore-and-aft direction relative to the direction of travel of the implement. The first end of the ramp is pivotally attached about a first horizontal axis relative to the wheeled frame assembly. The access assembly further includes a ladder pivotally coupled about a second horizontal axis at the second end of the ramp. The ladder and the ramp pivot together about the first horizontal axis at the first end of the ramp between a raised and a lowered position.

Abstract: An access assembly leading to first and second storage tanks of a planting implement is provided. The access assembly includes a central ramp located between and fixed in relation to the first and second storage tanks, and an extended ramp having a forward end opposite a rearward end aligned in a fore-and-aft direction relative to the direction of travel of the implement. The forward end of the ramp is pivotally connected about a first horizontal axis at a rearward end of the central ramp. The access assembly further includes a ladder pivotally independently coupled about a second horizontal axis at the rearward end of the extended ramp. The ladder and the extended ramp pivot together about the first horizontal axis at the forward end of the extended ramp between a lowered, operative position and a raised, inoperative position above the central ramp.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device of protected work in height including an profile of progression(10) and a device of progression (20) on profile of progression(10) bound by a life line to the user characterized in that the device of progression (20) includes handles of progression (P) and slippers of progression (C) assembled sliding out of the two smooth rails (11) of the profile of progression (10) and which the surface of connection (12) between the two rails of progression (11) on the profile of progression(10) does not include steps making it possible to progress along the profile of progression (10) without the device of progression (20).

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an auxiliary pedal structure for a vehicle tire, comprises a spanning element, two vertical shafts, a pedal, two first connecting members and two second connecting members, wherein the spanning element is a metal tube with the shape like a reverse U for be spanned on the tire of vehicle. The vertical poles are pivoted with the spanning element by the first connecting members so as to abut against the outer surface of the vehicle tire, and the pedal is pivoted with the vertical poles by the second connecting members. By such arrangement, the auxiliary pedal structure can be mounted on the vehicle tire easily for the user to sit or to step onto the vehicle, and the width of the spanning element and the height of the pedal can be adjusted according to the user's requirements.

Abstract: The tree stand with seat lift is adapted to be mounted to a tree or other upstanding object and includes a vertical support frame, a means for securing the vertical support frame around the tree, a seat member, and a strut. The vertical support frame has an upper end and a lower end and is supported against the tree with a means for securing the vertical support frame around the tree. The seat member is hingedly attached to the upper end of the vertical support frame and is pivotable between a position in which the seat member is substantially normal to the vertical support frame and a position in which the seat member is substantially parallel to the vertical support frame. The strut extends between the vertical support frame and the seat member and acts to bias the seat member into the up position.

Abstract: A hydraulically driven elevator or lift is provided with counterbalance means to at least partly counterbalance the load imposed by the load carrier or lift car. Operation of the counterbalance means, which includes a substantially constant volume of pressurised fluid, does not involve any interference with the working fluid of the hydraulic drive system.

Abstract: The invention concern a method for mounting a car drive machine (9), especially for elevators having no machine room, the drive machine (9) being to be affixed to a structure in the hoistway, characterized in that it successively consists of positioning said drive machine (9) on a support (23) positioned so as to be suitably on the top of the elevator car (7) and being able to move transversally, to lift the elevator car (7) until the machine is slightly above said structure, to move the support (23) with the machine (9) transversally and outwardly so as to position the machine (9) immediately above its fixing position, to lower the car (7) so as to place and fix the machine (9) on said structure, and to bring said support (23) back transversally so as to free it from the machine (9).

Abstract: The invention relates to a disk brake which comprises a brake disk (4), having a preferred running direction (D), a first bake shoe (2), having a first center of gravity (S1) on a first side of the brake disk, a second brake shoe (3), having a second center of gravity (S2) on a second side of the brake disk, and a caliper (1) for transmitting the braking forces produced by the second brake shoe to the first side of the brake disk. A first caliper arm (1.1) is located on the first side of the brake disk, and a second caliper arm (1.2) on the second side of the brake disk. A brake application device (5) has a central axis (N) which is perpendicular to the brake disk and is adapted to force the first brake shoe against the brake disk. The second center of gravity, both in the position of rest and when the brake is actuated, is off-set by a predetermined first path (V) in the direction of a brake disk run-out side corresponding to the preferred running direction of the brake disk.

Abstract: A co-axial wear adjuster and wear sensor for a brake caliper includes a sleeve having an external tooth form engageable with a toothed adjustment wheel of a brake tappet. The sleeve rotates with the tappet and is threaded to engage a relatively non-rotatable, but axially movable, bolt. A wear sensor is partly within the sleeve and has a plunger operably engaged with the bolt. The bolt may be tubular to carry a screw-threaded head whereby a position of the plunger may be set.

Abstract: An actuating lever of a brake caliper of a vehicle includes a cam surface operable against a single tappet and reacting against a caliper bridge. The actuating lever includes a wear adjuster arm which exerts a turning moment on the actuating lever. The turning moment is resisted by a small stub axle pivotable in a plain bearing of the brake caliper.

Abstract: A piston seal of a disc brake can stabilize the amount of rollback of a piston by reducing thermal expansion and a decrease in modulus of elasticity of the piston seal caused by an increase in temperature, thereby preventing a driver from feeling that the brake operation is unnatural. The piston seal is formed of a rubber composition in which at least 100 parts by weight or more of carbon black is added to 100 parts by weight of ethylene propylene rubber.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus to prevent items from shifting in a luggage or a container when moving or traveling are disclosed. The method and apparatus also protects fragile items from getting broken when the luggage or container is transported.

Abstract: The present invention broadly includes a hub assembly for a torque converter having a hub arranged to rotationally connect to a transmission input shaft and includes first and second radial surfaces, a first plate rotationally connected to a turbine, rotationally connected to the hub, and fixed in a first axial direction by the first surface and a second plate rotationally connected to the first plate and fixed in a second axial direction, opposite the first direction, by the second surface. The hub assembly may include a hub having at least one radially disposed protrusion, the protrusion includes the second radial surface, and the first plate is rotationally connected to the protrusion. The hub may further include a body with a first diameter and the protrusion with a second diameter greater than the first diameter. The first and second radial surfaces may be arranged to axially fix a turbine with respect to the hub, or the first and second radial surfaces may be coplanar.