Abstract: An amplifier circuit includes a first differential amplifier circuit, a second differential amplifier circuit which amplifies an output signal from the first differential amplifier circuit, and an active feedback circuit which performs waveform shaping on the output signal from the first differential amplifier circuit by feeding back an output signal from the second differential amplifier circuit. The active feedback circuit includes first and second transistors having collectors or drains respectively connected to respective output nodes of the first differential amplifier circuit, bases or gates respectively connected to two output nodes of the second differential amplifier circuit, and emitters or sources connected in common, and a first current source which has a first end connected to the emitters or sources of the first and second transistors, and a second end connected to a low-voltage power supply, and producing a current that can be externally adjusted.

Abstract: An automatic gain control apparatus receiving an analog signal and outputting a digital signal includes a variable gain amplifier, an A/D converter, and a feedback circuit. The variable gain amplifier amplifies the analog signal with a gain. The A/D converter converts the amplified analog signal to the digital signal. The feedback circuit includes an amplitude level detector, a range detector, and a gain controller. The amplitude level detector generates a first amplitude level and a second amplitude level in response to the digital signal. The range detector generates an adjustment signal in response to the first amplitude level and the second amplitude level. The gain controller adjusts a gain control level for the variable gain amplifier in response to the adjustment signal.

Abstract: A Doherty power amplifier is provided that includes a main amplifier device and an auxiliary amplifier device. The Doherty power amplifier further includes a phase compensation network. The phase compensation network is configured to maintain a substantially constant phase of one of an output signal from the main amplifier device or an output signal from the auxiliary amplifier device across a range of input powers. The Doherty power amplifier further includes an impedance inverter for power combining an output signal of the main amplifier device with an output signal of the auxiliary amplifier device.

Abstract: Within an amplifier circuit having an amplifying transistor, a boost voltage is presented at a port of the transistor. The amplifying transistor has a base, an emitter and a collector or a gate, a source, and a drain. A capacitor is provided in electrical communication with the transistor. A voltage source is provided for providing one of the collector and the source with a first voltage and for in a first mode of operation charging the first capacitor. Also within the circuit is a switch for switching between the first mode of operation and a second other mode of operation wherein the first capacitor and the voltage source cooperate to provide a voltage at one of the collector and the source in excess of the first voltage.

Abstract: A phase synchronous multiple LC tank oscillator is described. A plurality of oscillator stages are configured to oscillate synchronously. The phase of each of the plurality of oscillator stages is substantially the same and the plurality of oscillators are inductively coupled.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit includes an input for receiving a timing reference signal, a phase detector circuit coupled to receive the timing reference signal, a controllable oscillator circuit controlled according to an output of the phase detector circuit, and a feedback divider circuit having an output coupled to the phase detector and an input coupled to the controllable oscillator circuit. The phase-locked loop circuit is coupled to output one of a plurality of output signals having an arbitrary frequency relationship to each other according to a frequency selection mechanism, the frequency selection mechanism including one or more input terminals coupled to control a divide ratio of the feedback divider circuit. The frequency selection mechanism selects one of a plurality of stored values.

Abstract: A tuning circuit uses a VCO with a trimming capacitor bank. The trimming capacitor bank is calibrated by logic to accommodate a desired frequency, fwanted. A search renders an initial control word that is accurate within one LSB. In a first embodiment, comparisons between the desired frequency and the upper and lower frequency bounds of the VCO with the trimming capacitor bank configured by the initial control word. The control word may be increased or decreased based on the comparisons. In a second embodiment, differences between the desired frequency and the actual frequency of the VCO, with the trimming capacitor bank configured by the initial control word, are compared to a threshold. The control word may be increased or decreased based on the comparison.

Abstract: The present invention provides a current controlled oscillator comprising a first section providing a first differential output and a second section providing a second differential output. A loading structure comprised of resistive and reactive elements electrically connects the first differential output with the second differential output. The resistive and reactive elements have values chosen such that the resistive elements substantially extend the linear operating frequency range of the current controlled oscillator. Transistors of the loading structure have which are tied to a power supply rejection ratio compensation section for compensating for variations in power supply voltage.

Abstract: During a period of preparation for actual operation, a reference clock is supplied to both a comparison clock input portion and a feedback clock input portion of a phase comparator while a feedback loop of a PLL (phase-locked loop) is interrupted, and a delay of a reset signal within the phase comparator is adjusted so as to reduce a detection dead zone of phase differences in the phase comparator.

Abstract: One aspect relates to an oscillator, and various oscillator embodiments comprise an amplifier and line driver with an input and an output and a transmission line with a predetermined transmission signal time delay. The output is adapted to produce an inverted signal with respect to a signal received at the input. The transmission line has a first end connected to the output and a second end connected to the input. Other aspects and embodiments are provided herein.

Abstract: A pulse frequency modulation oscillating circuit includes a reference voltage generator for generating a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage, a first comparison circuit for comparing a state signal with the first reference voltage, a second comparison circuit for comparing the state signal with the second reference voltage, an output circuit for outputting a pulse frequency modulation signal according to an under-voltage signal, and signals outputted from the first comparison circuit and from the second comparison circuit, a mode generation circuit for generating the state signal, and a mode decision circuit for outputting inverse signals of the signals outputted from the first comparison circuit or signals outputted from the output circuit to the mode generation circuit according to the pulse frequency modulation signal, the under-voltage signal, and the signals outputted from the first comparison circuit and from the second comparison circuit.

Abstract: A circuit board that requires electromagnetic shielding is enclosed in a cavity formed between a metal case and a base substrate. A ground plane, which is electrically conductive, is embedded in each of the base substrate and the circuit board. The metal case is electrically connected to the ground planes in both the base substrate and the circuit board.

Abstract: An interconnection includes a microcircuit package having a slot, and a receiving feature. A bead ring is fitted into the receiving feature. A center conductor extends through a dielectric support disposed in the bead ring and through the slot. The center conductor forms a coaxial transmission structure in cooperation with the bead ring and the dielectric support, and forms a slab line transmission structure in cooperation with the slot.

Abstract: A process for producing high temperature superconductor (HTS) mini-filters or coils in which the high temperature superconductor films are deposited on a layer of CeO2 on a substrate results in higher yields of mini-filters or coils.

Abstract: The invention includes an electromagnetic filter for a feedthrough conductor, and a method of making such a filter. At least two dielectric components are supported from a first side of a substrate, such as a housing or a printed circuit board. At least one of the dielectric components is associated with a failsafe link.

Abstract: A signal transmission circuit having a characteristic impedance includes a common mode filter, a first capacitive element, a first connection line, a second capacitive element and a second connection line. The first capacitive element has a first terminal. The first connection line connects one output of the common mode filter to the first capacitive element. The second connection line connects the other output of the common mode filter to the second capacitive element. The first connection line has a first length. The second connection line has a second length. Each of the first length and the second length is within a predetermined range to change the characteristic impedance.

Abstract: High-Q micromechanical resonator devices and filters utilizing same are provided. The devices and filters include a vibrating polysilicon micromechanical “hollow-disk” ring resonators obtained by removing quadrants of material from solid disk resonators, but purposely leaving intact beams or spokes of material with quarter-wavelength dimensions to non-intrusively support the resonators. The use of notched support attachments closer to actual extensional ring nodal points further raises the Q. Vibrating micromechanical hollow-disk ring filters including mechanically coupled resonators with resonator Q's greater than 10,000 achieve filter Q's on the order of thousands via a low-velocity coupling scheme. A longitudinally mechanical spring is utilized to attach the notched-type, low-velocity coupling locations of the resonators in order to achieve a extremely narrow passband.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter includes a piezoelectric substrate. A resin pattern having a permittivity less than that of the piezoelectric substrate and first and second conductor patterns are disposed on the piezoelectric substrate. The first conductor pattern defines two one-terminal-pair SAW resonators and two longitudinally coupled resonator SAW filters. A portion of the second conductor pattern defines wiring traces having different potentials. Portions of the wiring traces facing each other in a plan view are disposed on the resin pattern.

Abstract: A filter circuit includes a plurality of resonators connected in parallel and each having loaded Q deviation equal to allowable deviation of a group delay, a divider to divide an input signal to the resonators, a combiner to combine output signals of the resonators, and an opposite phase unit for making signals passing two resonators of the resonators an approximately opposite phase in an output of the combiner, the two resonators having resonance frequencies adjacent to each other, respectively.

Abstract: This is a small-sized transformer that is made easily. Two bobbins around which a secondary coil is wound insert into bobbin protrusions from the opening surface side of the first core whereby the two bobbins are positioned in a row. A coiling protrusion around which to wrap a primary coil is formed in the aforementioned first core. Part of the primary coil coils around the coil protrusion and the remainder is positioned and coiled in a groove of the aforementioned first core provided in the outer circumference of the two bobbins. A second core is positioned in a countering position to the opening surface of the aforementioned first core so as to cover the aforementioned three protrusions.

Abstract: A magnetic component includes a first monolithic core structure having a plurality of magnetic layers and at least one nonmagnetic layer separating one of the plurality of magnetic layers from another of the plurality of magnetic layers. A first opening extends through the first core structure, and a conductive element establishes a conductive path through the first opening, wherein the nonmagnetic layer separates the conductive element from one of the magnetic layers.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine ignition coil apparatus includes: a case; a center core disposed in the case; a primary coil and a secondary coil disposed outside the center core inside the case; a high-voltage cord having: a first end portion electrically connected to the secondary coil; and a second end portion electrically connected to a spark plug; and a protective tube covering an outer peripheral surface of the high-voltage cord, a rim portion projecting away from a high-voltage terminal being formed so as to surround an insertion aperture in a bottom portion of the case, and a leading end portion of the protective tube covering and elastically engaging with the rim portion, wherein: a receiving portion having a radially-outwardly-projecting V-shaped cross-sectional shape when sectioned axially is formed on an end portion of the rim portion.

Abstract: A low profile magnetic element used in cooperation with a multilayer printed circuit board has two or more core arms penetrating the board from one outer surface to the other and a series of magnetic core elements, at least one on each side of the board, bridging pairs of the core arms to form a closed, unbranched flux path. Series-connected windings form a transformer primary and are wound on the core arms that penetrate the board. Parallel-connected windings form a transformer secondary and are also wound on the core arms. The series-connected windings and the parallel-connected windings may be buried windings printed on internal surfaces of the multilayer board. The connected in series primary windings all have the same number of turns and the parallel-connected secondary windings all have the same number of turns. The parallel secondary windings are connected in current additive fashion to afford a high current transformer output.

Abstract: In a push-pull switching circuit for a low-voltage, large current application, a decrease in resistance of a transformer and of its peripheral circuit is sought for. In view of this, a coil (2) is fixed at its terminal (T1) side, and is wound around a columnar winding core (1) counterclockwise in the order of a lower surface (H), side surface (I), upper surface (J), side surface (K), and the lower surface (H). A coil (3) is fixed at its terminal (T4) side, and is wound clockwise in the order of the upper surface (J), side surface (I), lower surface (H), side surface (K), and upper surface (J).

Abstract: An inductor of the present invention includes a plurality of insulating layers being stacked and coil patterns respectively provided on predetermined layers of the insulating layers. The coil patterns are provided on at least two of the insulating layers, and electrically connected to each other. With this arrangement, it is possible to improve Q of the inductor without increasing the size of the inductor.

Abstract: An electrical energy saving device or a magnetic induction device is adapted to surround a power delivery line. The magnetic induction device applies a magnetic field region to the power delivery line to reduce amperage up to about 25%. The magnetic induction device can be a one-piece or two-piece construction formed from a molded mixture. The mixture can include from about 35 wt % to about 45 wt % of an epoxy resin; from about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of a polymer; from about 1 wt % to about 4 wt % of dimethyl sulfoxide; from about 4 wt % to about 7 wt % of a transition metal; from about 10 wt % to about 20 wt % of a magnetic material; and from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of a catalyst.

Abstract: Methods and systems may provide theft protection in one or more work machines. Methods and systems may control one or more operational systems and may provide and manage varying levels of access to work machines. Methods and systems may react to override attempts in order to provide robust theft protection. One or more control modules embedded in a work machine may be leveraged to perform theft protection services. Methods and systems may activate a first control module to restrict access to a first operational system in a work machine and activate a second control module to restrict access to a second operational system in the work machine. The first control module may detect a substitution of a new control module for the second control module and automatically configure the new control module to restrict access to the second operational system in the work machine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a home appliance network system and a method for operating the same. The home appliance network system comprises a plurality of home appliances connected to a network constructed in a home for transmitting and receiving data over the network, and a home server including a device monitoring module for independently storing and updating state information or product information of a specific one of the home appliances based on an input control command. When a user monitors product information of the home appliances to control the home appliances, the home server more rapidly displays the product information, resulting in an improvement in control speed. Further, the home server uses a smaller amount of network system resources, thereby enabling efficient networking to be made.

Abstract: An electronic lock utilizes two microprocessors remote from each other for enhanced security. The first microprocessor is disposed close to an input device such as a keypad, and the second microprocessor is disposed close to the lock mechanism and well protected from external access. The first microprocessor transmits a communication code to the second microprocessor when it receives via the input device an access code that matches a preset access code. The second microprocessor opens the lock if the transmitted communication code matches a preset communication code. The dual-microprocessor arrangement is advantageously used in a voice controlled access control system and in a motorcycle ignition control system. The present invention further provides an electronic access control system which has a master electronic key having a preset number of access, and an electronic alarm system for a bicycle that has a remote control mounted in the helmet of the rider.

Abstract: A user interface system for allowing users to initiate events comprises: a plurality of markers each having a marker identity; a plurality of portable readers each having a reader identity and arranged to read said marker identities from adjacent markers, and at least one base station arranged to communicate with said readers in a wireless manner, wherein at least one reader is provided with actuation means which when actuated by a user causes the reader identity of the reader and the marker identity of an adjacent marker to be transmitted by the reader to said base station, so as to cause, for at least one of said markers, said base station to initiate, directly or indirectly, an action which is at least partly determined by the reader identity of said reader.

Abstract: When an alarm switch of a transmitter is given a long press carried out for one or more seconds in a timer-reset condition, a first alarm reversal signal is transmitted simultaneously with the setting (starting) of the timer. If the alarm switch is pressed within the set time of the timer regardless of a press time period, a second alarm reversal signal is transmitted, and the timer is reset. On a receiver side, the activation and deactivation of the alarm is alternately performed upon receipt of each alarm reversal signal.

Abstract: An integrated tire monitoring system for an agricultural vehicle control system comprises at lease one sensor integrally coupled to at least one tire on a farm vehicle; an external reader for obtaining tire revolution speed data from the sensor during each revolution of the tire; input means for delivering the tire revolution speed data to a vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit calculating vehicle speed based on the inputted tire revolution speed data and outputting at least one control signal. The reader may input tire pressure data from the sensor into the vehicle control unit for the calculation of pressure adjusted vehicle speed. The sensor may store tire specific identification data accessible by the external reader and one or more control signals from the vehicle ECU may be used to control speed between a plurality of vehicle wheels; engine speed; wheel slippage; and/or tire air pressure.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus for vehicles having two primary headlights for visible low beam and high beam illumination, and auxiliary headlights that are mounted on the vehicle separate from the primary headlights. The auxiliary headlights generate infrared light and position light. An electrical control unit automatically turns the position light of the primary headlights off or on when the auxiliary headlight is turned on or off.

Abstract: A turn indicator unit includes a light source, a matching module, and a current interrupter. The light source is coupled across an output side of a flasher. The matching module is coupled across the light source. The current interrupter is coupled between the light source and the matching module so as to interrupt periodically current flow to the matching module when the light source is activated.

Abstract: A method and system for the classification of an object within a zone of a specified area with multiple surveillance means. The invention performs the steps of receiving a set of objects within a predefined zone area from each of at least a first and second surveillance means. Subsequently, each received set of objects is filtered to ensure that the objects in the set are comparable to the objects in the other received set. Characteristics of the received sets of objects are compared and characteristics of the objects within a received set of objects are compared to characteristics of the objects within a different set of received objects, wherein the characteristics are based upon a set of predetermined characteristics. It is determined if each object or set identified by the first surveillance means corresponds to an object or set identified by the second surveillance means.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic detection pillar having one or more applied magnetic field sources and one or more magnetic field sensors, with the magnets and sensors arranged and adapted to detect a ferromagnetic threat object on one side of the pillar. A detection device, such as a motion detector or infrared detector, is also provided, to detect the presence of an object on a selected side of the pillar. A single free-standing pillar can be used, or two or more free-standing pillars can be arranged to constitute a variable aperture detection portal. Single sensors or multiple-sensor configurations can be used.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and systems for radio frequency identification. According to one embodiment, a radio frequency identification system comprises a radio frequency identification tag. The tag comprises a radio frequency transmitter and an optical receiver. A reader is communicatively coupled with the tag and is adapted to receive information from the radio frequency identification tag via the radio frequency transmitter of the radio frequency identification tag. The system also includes a trigger communicatively coupled with the tag. The trigger is adapted to send information to the radio frequency identification tag via the optical receiver of the radio frequency identification tag.

Abstract: The monitoring system has a monitoring apparatus and an access point that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring apparatus. The monitoring apparatus sends a wireless signal to the access point. The access point generates a Received Signal Strength Indicator of the received wireless signal. The access point checks for an entrance of an intruder between the monitoring apparatus and the access point based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator generated by the access point. The monitoring systems enables accurate detection of an entrance of an intruder using wireless communication technology.

Abstract: The invention relates to a locking storage device in which objects are deposited for the later removal thereof. The inventive device consists of: at least one safe-deposit box (2) which is intended to house the object and which comprises a door (3) and a lock (4), a code input device (9a, 9b), and a control unit (11) which is designed to authorise an object to be deposited therein and subsequently removed therefrom following the entry of a removal code. The device also comprises a weight sensor (14a, 14b) which supports the weight of the safe-deposit box. The aforementioned control unit is designed to determine the weight of the object contained in the safe-deposit box (2) once an object has been deposited therein, to determine the variation in the weight of the safe-deposit box when an object is being removed and to emit an alarm signal when the object has been removed if said variation does not correspond to the weight of the object.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for automatically detecting intrusion in an off-limits zone. The system includes a transmitter transmitting a signal along a path likely to encounter an intruder to the off-limits zone and a modulating reflector for receiving the transmitted signal. The modulating reflector includes a modulator receiving the received signal and generating a modulated signal having a characteristic. The modulating reflector transmits the modulated signal to be received by a receiver located to receive the modulated signal. The system further includes a processor coupled to the transmitter and to the receiver, the processor being configured to process the received modulated signal and to initiate an action as a function of the characteristic in the received modulated signal.

Abstract: Integral electronic security is provided for a remotely placed network device to reduce the risk of theft, vandalism, or tampering. Sensors monitor the environment surrounding the remotely placed network device. When tampering is detected, a message is sent to a monitoring station. Optionally, the network device can clear its own configuration to prevent the loss of sensitive data.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) controller within an RFID system includes an RFID interrogator interface configured to receive signals from RFID interrogators and configured to manage the RFID interrogators based on instructions received from an application program. The RFID interrogators are configured to receive data from an RFID tag. The controller also includes a controller core configured to process the signals received from the RFID interrogator interface and to provide the data to the application.

Abstract: A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system for managing and identifying locations for an RFID reader is disclosed. An expected location of a fixed radio frequency identification (RFID) reader is determined. A first signal is transmitted from the reader to a first RFID tag to determine whether the reader is at the expected location. The first tag is a fiducial RFID tag fixed at a first location. In one aspect, the reader receives a first response to the first signal from the first tag. The first response identifies the first location of the first tag. The first location is compared to the expected location. If the first location and the expected location are different, an alarm is triggered.

Abstract: A radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag employing a unique reception window and method for operating the tag system provides low-power operation for enhanced tag battery life, while providing addressable tags that can receive commands and data from the system, which can be a wireless local area network (WLAN) incorporating location finding for locating the tags. Interference with other tags and other transmitters is prevented by either using a sniffer circuit to determine that no network transmission is in progress, or by using a special non-interfering coding sequence. A receiver within the tag is operated for a predetermined period of time after a periodic transmission is made from the tag, and an address decoder determines if the tag is being addressed. The receiver can receive data and/or commands after being addressed and is shutdown if the window time elapses, the tag is not addressed, or at the completion of data/command transfer.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a system and/or a method that facilitates employing a model based at least upon a framework, wherein the model can be utilized to build an RFID application. A receiver component can receive data, wherein a model component can create a model based at least in part upon the received data that facilitates creating and/or executing the RFID application. The framework can be, but is not limited to, an entity, a framework class, a hierarchical framework of at least one class, an interface, an exception, a component architecture, a schema, an object model, and/or an API (Application Programming Interface). The model can be utilized to create, deploy, manage, and/or execute the RFID application to provide a generic operation and/or a business specific scenario.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein to provide RFID device test techniques. For example, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a radio frequency identification (RFID) device test system includes an RFID device tester adapted to test RFID devices that are disposed in a closely spaced configuration. The RFID device tester applies a variable threshold, to each of the RFID devices tested, based on characteristics of at least one of the RFID devices neighboring the RFID device being tested.

Abstract: A low cost close range RFID Reader/Writer which is operatively connected to a control device which contains a transmitter and is configured to function as a homodyne receiver. The device can be constructed from low cost parts and can function in close ranges to other tags. The present invention provides increased RFID identification and isolation properties and is suitable for inclusion and operative use with a variety of applications.

Abstract: A system and method for providing security to a wireless communication system having wireless communication components positioned at different locations within a physical environment are provided. The wireless communication components include an access point and a network device. A site-specific computerized representation of the physical environment displays the location of the wireless communication components including the access point and network device. The access point and network device identify the presence or a physical location of a possible intruder or intruder devices. An indicator is presented in the site-specific representation on the display when an erroneous authentication request or other undesired transmission is received by the network device or the access point.

Abstract: A device for verifying a location of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag on an item. One embodiment of the invention provides a device for verifying the location of an RFID tag on an item including: an item holder; and an RF antenna attached to the item holder, where the item holder includes a readable volume where the RF antenna can read or write to an RFID tag, and where the item holder includes a non-readable volume where the RF antenna cannot read or write to an RFID tag. The present invention also relates to methods of verifying the location of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag on an item.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for aurally presenting predefined notification messages within an auditory canal of a user are disclosed. Aural notification is provided by positioning a device at least partially within the auditory canal, processing a digitized notification signal at the device, and aurally presenting a predefined notification message from the device responsive to the processed digitized notification signal.