Abstract: The invention relates to a magnetic rotating device. The magnetic rotating device comprises: a base, a spindle, a rotating plate, a shell body, an elastic element, a passive magnetic element, an adjusting device and a driving device. The passive magnetic element and the driving device have the same magnetic pole to generate a magnetic repulsive force for driving the passive magnetic element to shift so as to drive the rotating plate. Furthermore, the magnetic rotating device of the invention utilizes the permanent magnetic force of the driving device and the passive magnetic element to drive the rotating plate rotate continuously without inputting any external force. Therefore, by utilizing the magnetic rotating device, energy resources can be saved.

Abstract: When testing the quality of shield films of magnetoresistive effect heads, a method of testing and a testing apparatus can detect heads where the shield magnetic domain is susceptible to changing that could not be completely detected by conventional methods of testing that use normal magnetization. The method of testing applies an external magnetic field to a magnetoresistive effect head as external stress, measures the output voltage of the head, and repeats the applying of the external magnetic field and the measuring a plurality of times to test the quality of the shield film. The magnetic field is applied in a direction parallel to the shield film and at an angle to a floating surface of the magnetoresistive effect head. The intensity of the applied magnetic field is smaller than the coercive force of a hard bias film and larger than the coercive force of the shield film.

Abstract: A method for non-contact measurement of a dimension and/or an electrical property in an electrically conducting object to be measured by using electromagnetic induction. An electromagnetic field is brought to penetrate through the object to be measured. A transmitter coil is place on one side of the object to be measured. A receiver coil is placed on the other side of the object to be measured. A magnetic field is generated in the transmitter coil. A sudden change is generated in the magnetic field generated in the transmitter coil from one level to another. The voltage induced in the receiver coil is detected. The period of time that elapses from the time of the change of the magnetic field in the transmitter coil up to the time when a voltage starts to be induced in the receiver coil is determined. The magnitude of the induced voltage is determined. The thickness and/or electrical conductivity of the object to be measured is calculated.

Abstract: In order to provide a method of determining an angle a of an external magnetic field relative to a magnetoresistive angle sensor with two full bridges which respectively supply an output signal U1=U0 sin(2?) U2=U0 cos(2?) wherein the angle determination can be carried out using simple electronic components, it is proposed that the angle ? is determined in an analog manner using the relation ?=½*(U1/(U1|+U2|))?1*sgn(U2).

Abstract: A method for estimating a value of a diffusion tensor includes obtaining, from a plurality of test subjects, DT-MRI data from which an initial estimate of the tensor can be derived. Values indicative of intra-subject variation and inter-subject variation in the data are then determined. These values are used to determine a subject-specific additive offset for adjusting the DT-MRI data.

Abstract: In the method disclosed here for magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the main magnetic field in the sample measurement region is generated in the form of a pulse, and the excitation and detection of the magnetic resonance is performed close to the pulse maximum within a defined time window in which the amplitude of the main field follows a defined time function. Subject matter of the invention is moreover an apparatus for performing such a method and a sample head which is especially suitable for the described method.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance apparatus wherein a homogenous magnetization is generated in a spatial examination volume of the apparatus during examination of a subject, individual resonator segments of a body coil, that are electromagnetically decoupled from each other, are separately activated by a control and evaluation device according to sets of predetermined segment-specific excitation parameters stored in the control and evaluation device. The resonator segments are temporally sequentially excited in an excitation sequence, using different excitation parameter sets with phase distributions of the nuclear magnetization distributions in the examination volume constructively superimposing to form a resulting homogenous entire nuclear magnetization distribution in the examination volume.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging scanner includes a magnet (20) generating a temporally constant magnetic field, magnetic field gradient-generating structures (30) superimposing selected magnetic field gradients on the temporally constant magnetic field, and a radio frequency coil (32) producing a radio frequency field. A magnetic field-modifying structure (60) disposed inside a radio frequency shield (64) includes dispersed particles of magnetic material (701, 702, 703, 704) that enhance the temporally constant magnetic field. The particles are generally smaller in at least one dimension than a skin depth of the radio frequency field in the magnetic material. The magnetic field-modifying structure has a longitudinal demagnetization factor (Nz) parallel to the temporally constant magnetic field and a tangential demagnetization factor (NT) in a tangential direction transverse to the temporally constant magnetic field.

Abstract: An MRI RF transmit system uses a plurality of RF transmit coils, each being driven with separately controllable RF magnitude and phase. The magnitude and phase of each coil drive are separately and independently controlled so that the RF transmit coils act as if they are decoupled from each other. The controlled magnitude and phase values may be based on empirically derived information relating to self and mutual coupling of RF transmit coils.

Abstract: A magnet for a Magnetic Resonance Imaging apparatus, said magnet having at last two, preferably three open sides, and delimiting the patient receiving area, said magnet being composed of three yoke elements, i.e. two parallel magnetically permeable elements and one transverse yoke element for connection of said two parallel elements, whereby said magnet has a C shape and wherein, for both of said parallel elements, the terminal portion associated to said transverse connecting element has a transverse wall for connection of said two parallel elements with the transverse element, which has an end step for engagement of a corresponding end of said transverse element.

Abstract: Provided is a nuclear magnetic resonance probe coil that is included in a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus in which the direction of a static magnetic field is horizontal and that can highly sensitively measure multiple nuclear species. A nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus includes a unit that horizontally applies a static magnetic field, a unit that vertically moves a specimen to a predetermined position in the apparatus, and a probe including in the distal part thereof a probe coil that applies a radiofrequency signal to the specimen and that detects a signal produced by the specimen.

Abstract: Magnetic resonance apparatus is provided comprising a magnet having a plurality of pairs of coils arranged in respective substantially parallel planes. The coils in each pair are operable in a counter-running manner when in use so as to generate a region of magnetic field spaced apart from said planes, having sufficient uniformity to enable magnetic resonance signals to be obtained from a target within the region. The magnetic field has a magnetic field direction Z lying substantially parallel to said planes and each of the coils is elongate in a direction X substantially parallel to said planes.

Abstract: Briefly, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for performing a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement on a sample solution containing small molecules and large molecules such as proteins, and provides an apparatus and a method for repeatedly performing the NMR measurement while stably controlling concentration conditions in a sample and changing a concentration of small molecules. A sample solution containing small molecules and large molecules is circularly transferred between a vessel equipped with a nuclear magnetic resonance probe and a control section in which injection and filtration of small molecules are performed.

Abstract: A simple “go or no go” ignition coil tester identifies coils that have failed or that are about to fail by driving a coil with sufficient voltage and amperage to operate at its peak output. Coils that have failed or that are close to failure cannot operate at peak output and thus fail the test. A standard kilovolt tester is used to simulate a spark plug and an audio indication of sparking produced by the kilovolt tester is used to confirm operation or failure of the coil. The system dispenses with short circuit and closed circuit test apparatus as well as the structures and failings associated with visual spark indicators.

Abstract: A FFAG is a particle accelerator having turning magnets with a linear field gradient for confinement and a large edge angle to compensate for acceleration. FODO cells contain focus magnets and defocus magnets that are specified by a number of parameters. A set of seven equations, called the FFAG equations relate the parameters to one another. A set of constraints, call the FFAG constraints, constrain the FFAG equations. Selecting a few parameters, such as injection momentum, extraction momentum, and drift distance reduces the number of unknown parameters to seven. Seven equations with seven unknowns can be solved to yield the values for all the parameters and to thereby fully specify a FFAG.

Abstract: Gas detection and identification apparatus that receives a flow of a mixture of a carrier gas and an analyte gas and detects and identifies the components of the flowing gas mixture by Penning Ionization Electron Spectroscopy (PIES).

Abstract: A mass spectrometer 10 comprises an ion source 12 which generates nebulized ions which enter an ion cooler 20 via an ion source block 16. Ions within a window of m/z of interest are extracted via a quadrupole mass filter 24 and passed to a linear trap 30. Ions are trapped in a potential well in the linear trap 30 and are bunched at the bottom of the potential well adjacent an exit segment 50. Ions are gated out of the linear trap 30 into an electrostatic ion trap 130 and are detected by a secondary electron multiplier 10. By bunching the ions in the linear trap 30 prior to ejection, and by focussing the ions in time of flight (TOF) upon the entrance of the electrostatic trap 130, the ions arrive at the electrostatic trap 130 as a convolution of short, energetic packets of similar m/z. Such packets are particularly suited to an electrostatic trap because the FWHM of each packet's TOF distribution is less than the period of oscillation of those ions in the electrostatic trap.

Abstract: A method of tuning a test trace that is capacitively coupled to a number of signal traces. A method for determining a configuration of a device comprising signal traces and a capacitively coupled test trace may include selecting a test frequency of a test signal to be driven on selected signal traces during a test mode of device operation, and tuning circuit characteristics of the test trace to generate a bandpass frequency response including a passband and a stopband, where a detection frequency corresponding either to the test frequency or a selected harmonic of the test frequency is included in the passband. Tuning of circuit characteristics may include selecting a degree of capacitive coupling between the test trace and the signal traces such that, within a specified constraint for signal degradation on the signal traces, the bandpass frequency response of the given test trace satisfies a specified transmission requirement at the detection frequency.

Abstract: A chuck adapted to test electrical and/or optical components on a device-under-test (DUT).

Abstract: A load detection circuit for determining when (1) a loudspeaker load is properly connected at a set of loudspeaker terminals, (2) a loudspeaker load is improperly connected at the loudspeaker terminals, and (3) no loudspeaker load is connected at the loudspeaker terminals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus adapted to calibrate a test probe and oscilloscope system such that digital samples acquired by the system are processed for representing an arbitrary impedance loading of the device under test. The method and apparatus calibrates the test probe to characterize transfer parameters of the device under test within a spectral domain. A reflection coefficient (L) is defined representative of an arbitrary impedance load coupled to the device under test and an equalization filter is computed to represent the loading of the device under test by the arbitrary impedance. Additional acquired samples are acquired using the equalization filter to effect thereby a representation of the arbitrary impedance loading of the device under test.

Abstract: The disclosed technology can be used in the development and operation of multistatic probes that can characterize substances and relationships between substances. A multistatic probe can include transmitting and receiving conductive elements that are electrically distinct and which are capable of conveying electromagnetic energy to/from a substance of interest. The transmitting and receiving conductive elements can be arranged to be in contact with at least one dielectric mismatch boundary between substances of interest, whereby an electromagnetic signal transmitted on the transmitting conductive element causes a corresponding electromagnetic signal to be coupled to the receiving conductive element in response to the transmitted signal being in proximity to the dielectric mismatch boundary.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for measuring loop resistance by injecting into the loop through an inductive injection probe a sinusoidal drive signal at a given frequency, preferably of the order of 1 kHz, to produce a predetermined current in the loop, measuring, by a test probe also inductively coupled to the loop, the true RMS drive voltage signal and induced current, and calculating the loop resistance from the measured RMS values. Also disclosed is a method of providing a reference loop of accurately known resistance, and a multi-value reference loop facilitating accurate measurement of fractional loop resistance.

Abstract: An implant for an intracorporal, telemetric measurement with a sensor device (1) and an inductive coil (2), which is connected to the sensor device (1) via electrical connection lines (4) being arranged on a longitudinal carrier (3), and a covering (5) by means of which the sensor device (1), the carrier (3) with the connection lines (4) and the coil (2) are encapsulated, wherein the carrier (3) for the electrical connection lines (4) comprises such a dimensioned rigidity that the sensor device (1), being fixedly bonded to one carrier end, is guided by the carrier (3) during implantation to the target position and is held in position at the target position, and that the covering part (6) encapsulating the coil (2) is provided for a subcutaneous fastening.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor includes an error compensating unit that, in an arrangement that a part of a fixed electrode as an edge portion and a part of a movable electrode as an edge portion are opposed to each other keeping a gap in a direction of shift of a detecting unit, reduces a detection error of capacitance due to the shift of comb-tooth portions from each other in the detecting unit, by a change of capacitance according to variation of the gap caused by the shift.

Abstract: Multi functional sensors are described. A silicon based sensor utilizes metal layers arranged as resistors around a central pair if resistors separated by a humidity sensitive polymer with one of the central resistors being a heater. This enables temperature humidity wind speed and direction to be measured. In another embodiment an array of resistors is printed onto a flexible substrate to form the basis of an array of sensors. A soil moisture sensor, which is also useful as a leaf wetness sensor, incorporates a novel self calibrating capacitive sensor structure. The flexible substrate is rolled into a stake that can be inserted in the soil so that below ground sensors measure soil moisture and above ground sensors measure temperature, light, humidity, wind speed and direction.

Abstract: The sensor arrangement includes: a least two sample chambers; at least two potentiometric FET-sensors, especially ISFET-sensors or ChemFET-sensors, having, in each case, a sensitive surface section, wherein each sensitive surface section lies in flow connection with its one of the sample chambers; and a reference cell having a reference medium for providing a reference potential, wherein the sample chambers are connected with the reference medium via an electrolyte bridge. The reference cell has, preferably, a potentiometric reference-FET-sensor for providing a reference potential, which is registered against the pseudo-reference-potential of a redox electrode. The potentials Udiff1, Udiff2, . . .

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes an internal circuit. A plurality of power supply nodes are connected with the internal circuit, and a plurality of pads are respectively connected with the plurality of power supply nodes. A switch section is configured to connect the plurality of power supply nodes one after another in a probe test mode and to separate the plurality of power supply nodes from each other in a product use mode. A power supply voltage is applied to one of the plurality of pads in the probe test mode, and the power supply voltage is applied to each of the plurality of pads in the product use mode. The switch section may include n switches (n is a natural number) provided for the plurality of power supply nodes.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for evaluating a semiconductor wafer in order to evaluate an electric characteristic thereof, comprising, at least, a wafer cassette section on which a wafer cassette for storing the semiconductor wafer that is an object to be evaluated is placed, a wafer pretreatment section for pretreating the semiconductor wafer in order to evaluate the electric characteristic thereof, a mercury probe section for evaluating the electric characteristic of the semiconductor wafer by using a mercury probe, and an automatic transport part for transporting the semiconductor wafer to each of the sections. Thereby, there is provided an evaluation apparatus by which when an electric characteristic of a semiconductor wafer is evaluated, the electric characteristic of the semiconductor wafer or the like can be accurately evaluated with preventing contamination such as particles from adhering to a main surface of the semiconductor wafer and further the evaluation efficiency is high.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a mounting apparatus that includes: (a) a first ring having a first surface and a second surface; (b) a second ring having a first surface and a second surface, which second ring is movable with respect to the first ring; (c) a first flexible diaphragm attached to: (i) the first surface of the first ring along a first-surface-first-ring attachment perimeter that encloses a first effective surface area, and (ii) the first surface of the second ring along a first-surface-second-ring attachment perimeter; and (d) a second flexible diaphragm attached to: (i) the second surface of the first ring along a second-surface-first-ring attachment perimeter that encloses a second effective surface area, and (ii) the second surface of the second ring at a second-surface-second-ring attachment perimeter; wherein: the first and second flexible diaphragms and the first and second rings form a chamber with one or more intake apertures.

Abstract: A probe measurement system for measuring the electrical characteristics of integrated circuits or other microelectronic devices at high frequencies.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and apparatus that enable characterization of an electrical property of a semiconductor specimen, e.g., dopant concentration of a near-surface region of the specimen. In exemplary method, a target depth for measurement is selected. This thickness may, for example, correspond to a nominal production thickness of a thin active device region of the specimen. A light is adjusted to an intensity selected to characterize a target region of the specimen having a thickness no greater than the target depth and a surface of the specimen is illuminated with the light. An AC voltage signal induced in the specimen by the light is measured and this AC voltage may be used to quantify an aspect of the electrical property, e.g., to determine dopant concentration, of the target region.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improved fault coverage of logic built-in-self-tests (LBISTs) in integrated circuits (ICs) by determining weighting and/or seed values to be used in generating pseudorandom test bit patterns for each channel to optimize fault coverage. In one embodiment, a method includes generating a pseudorandom sequence of bits, applying a weighting value to the sequence, propagating the weighted sequence through one or more levels of logic, and capturing the resulting data. Metrics are then applied to the captured data to determine the suitability or optimality of the weighting value, and an optimal weighting value is selected. This may be performed for a plurality of trial values for each of a number of channels to obtain a set of weighting values for the different LBIST channels. The method may also include determining a seed value for the pseudorandom bit pattern generator.

Abstract: Three or more wires are configured as a differential “skein” (FIG. 1). Symbols may use equal voltages as well as differing voltages. “Softpairs” (132 142 152) of a “skein” are discriminated in differential mode by “relational comparators” (200), exploiting hysteresis in differential comparators to detect voltage near-equality versus signed difference. Data rates up to 3 bits/transition on three wires, 6 b/tr on four wires, 9 b/tr on five wires.

Abstract: A clock tree for PLAD is provided, with each logic element having an embedded circuit having a buffer connecting vertical bus wires to horizontal bus wires so that the clocks on each horizontal bus wire are synchronized, because the every horizontal wire gets the same capacitor and the same clock propagation gate delay, and the clock signals among the logic elements have the minimal clock skew.

Abstract: A mixed-voltage input/output buffer having low-voltage design comprises a pre-driver, a tracking unit, a driving unit, and input/output pad, a floating-well unit and a transporting unit. The pre-driver receives first data signal and enable signal and outputs first and second data voltages. The tracking unit provides Gate-Tracking function. The driving unit couples the pre-driver and the tracking unit for production of a first buffer voltage corresponding to the first data voltage. The input/output pad couples the driving unit to output a first buffer voltage and to receive a second data signal. The output unit is used for outputting a second buffer voltage corresponding to the second data signal. The floating-well unit couples to the driving unit and the input/output pad in order to output first buffer voltage and receive second data signal. The floating-well unit is used for preventing leakage current.

Abstract: The present invention provides a voltage divider circuit capable of reducing a number of external devices and lowering the cost and power consumption. The present invention includes a plurality of resistors connected in series, a plurality of buffers and at least one source driver IC. In addition, a first terminal of the first resistor is electrically connected to a DC voltage and the first terminal of each of the remaining resistors is electrically connected to the second terminal of the previous resistor. The second terminal of the last resistor is grounded. The buffers and the resistors are correspondingly electrically connected, wherein the first terminals of the resistors are electrically connected to their corresponding input terminals of buffers. Moreover, the output terminals of the buffers are electrically connected to source driver ICs, wherein the buffers are one of the built-in buffers in each source driver IC.

Abstract: An input circuit for a semiconductor integrated circuit in which an operational state is constant even when a process condition, a temperature, a voltage, and the like are varied at the time of operation is provided. The input circuit includes a first input unit that performs a first amplifying operation on a potential difference between a reference voltage and an input signal and outputs a result of the amplification, and a second input unit that performs a second amplifying operation on a signal amplified by the first input unit and outputs a result of the amplification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor device including a resistive element having a resistance characteristic which is not influenced by fluctuations in power supply voltage and a signal output circuit having a desired output impedance characteristic without being influenced by fluctuations in power supply voltage. A constant current based on a reference voltage corresponding to a ground potential point of a circuit is generated. The constant current is passed to a first resistive element whose one end is connected to a power supply voltage terminal. A voltage generated by the first resistive element is supplied to a first differential amplifier, and the output voltage is supplied to the gate of a first MOSFET of a first conduction type whose source is connected to the power supply voltage terminal. A drain voltage to the first MOSFET is fed back to the other input terminal of the first differential amplifier.

Abstract: A random binary sequence generator for generating a random binary sequence adapted to be used for producing random numbers, includes at least one logic circuit corresponding to an associated finite-state machine having a state-transition function including states arranged to form cycles of states, wherein the at least one logic circuit has a set of logic circuit inputs and a set of logic circuit outputs fed back to the logic circuit inputs; the associated finite-state machine is autonomous and asynchronous; the state-transition function is void of loops; and any of the cycles of states has either a minimum length equal to three states, in case the cycle is stable, or a minimum length of two states, in case the cycle is meta-stable.

Abstract: An offset current independent sense circuit is switchable between a store state and a sense state. In the store state, the sense circuit stores an offset current to a capacitor, and the influence of the offset current is eliminated by a transistor to regenerate the offset current based on a signal provided by the capacitor in the sense state.

Abstract: A clock switching circuit comprises PLL circuits into which external clocks CLKT, CLKB are respectively input, a multiplexer for selecting and outputting either an output PLB of one PLL circuit or an inverted signal of an output PLT of the other PLL circuit, and a clock control circuit for subjecting the multiplexer to switching control on the basis of a Lock determination signal that is asynchronous with CLKB and PLB. When the Lock determination signal is input into the clock control circuit, the clock control circuit switches the output of the multiplexer in synchronization with an offset clock PLQB that is offset from the phase of PLB by a predetermined value.

Abstract: An amplifier-based system having pulsed output includes an amplifier for amplifying a time varying voltage signal to produce an output voltage signal. A voltage-to-current (V-I) converter converts the output voltage signal into a current signal. An output stage including a current integrator integrates the current signal to generate an integrated voltage. An amplitude to time converter generates a pulse train from the integrated voltage, wherein a timing of the pulses in the pulse train represents the original time varying voltage signal. The pulse train representation permits transmission and accurate remote reconstruction of the original time varying voltage signal, such as signals generated by electrodes implanted inside a subject, including neural signals.

Abstract: A drive voltage supply circuit has a first wire line, a second wire line, a first drive circuit, a plurality of second drive circuits, a control circuit for driving the first drive circuit and the plurality of second drive circuits, and an impedance element connected between the first wire line and each of output terminals.

Abstract: A clock buffer has a band-pass frequency characteristic, in which a pass band of the buffer includes a fundamental frequency of a clock and a gain for attenuating signals, that is, a gain of less than 0 dB is provided at frequencies below the pass band.

Abstract: A mixed type frequency compensating circuit is disclosed. The mixed type frequency compensating circuit includes an integral component sub-circuit of a voltage-amplifier-type frequency compensating circuit and a proportional component sub-circuit of a transconductance-amplifier-type frequency compensating circuit. The integral component sub-circuit amplifies an input voltage signal in a voltage mode. The proportional component sub-circuit amplifies the input voltage signal in a current mode. Accordingly, the mixed type frequency compensating circuit may occupy a small area in a semiconductor integrated circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit having a built-in PLL circuit which has two charge pump circuits for charging and discharging capacitive elements of a loop filter in response to signals generated by a phase comparator circuit. One of the two charge pump circuits has current sources which generate current values smaller than those generated by current sources of the other charge pump circuit. The loop filter has a first capacitive element connected to a charge/discharge node, and a second capacitive element connected to the charge/discharge node through a resistive element. The first capacitive element is charged and discharged by the one charge pump circuit, while the second capacitive element is charged and discharged by the other charge pump circuit. A charging current source of the one charge pump circuit operates simultaneously with a discharging current source of the other charge pump circuit, i.e., the charge pump circuits operate in opposite phase.

Abstract: A signal delay loop (1) having a first signal delay line (4) which has a plurality of series-connectable signal delay elements with a respective associated component signal delay time (?TVE), where the first signal delay line (4) outputs an input signal, applied to a signal input (2) of the signal delay loop (1), with a time delay to a signal output (3) of the signal delay loop (1); a second signal delay line (5) which feeds back the signal which is output on the signal output (3) of the signal delay loop (1) to a phase detector (6) which detects a phase difference (??) between the feedback signal and the input signal; a control unit (7) which takes the detected phase difference (??) as a basis for connecting a portion of the signal delay elements in the first signal delay line (4) in series to set a total signal delay time for the first signal delay line (4); where the respective component signal delay time (?TVE) of each signal delay element in the first signal delay line (4) is adjustable.

Abstract: A plurality of improved memory systems employing a phase detection system in conjunction with either a synchronous mirror delay or a delay-locked loop, and related methods of operation, are disclosed. The memory systems determine timing characteristics among multiple signals and, based upon those timing characteristics, vary which clock-related signal is output. The improvement relates in part to the incorporation of a clock divider that reduces the frequency of the clock signals utilized by the system. Due to the incorporation of the clock divider and an edge recovery device, attenuation, power dissipation and duty cycle distortion associated with propagation of the clock signal(s) are reduced. Further, the reduction in frequency of the clock signals allows for numerous differently-phased clock signals to be generated within the system, which allows for finer timing comparisons to be performed, thus allowing for finer selections to be made in relation to which clock-related signal is output.

Abstract: A circuit is described comprising a first (10) and a second circuit module (20) and a synchronization module (30). The first and the second module are mutually asynchronous, and are coupled by the synchronization module. The synchronization module (30) comprises: a transfer register (31) for storing data which is communicated between the two circuit modules, a control circuit (32) for controlling the register in response to a respective timing signal (St1, St2) from the first and the second circuit module, the control circuit comprising a control chain for generating a control signal (CR) for the transfer register (31). The control chain includes at least: a repeater (34) for inducing changes in the value of the control signal, at least one edge sensitive element (35) for delaying a change in the signal value until a transition in a selected one of the timing signals is detected.