Abstract: A communication apparatus as a node of a communication network comprises a reading device that reads management information representing management status of a dominated node stored in the dominated node connected via the communication network, a writing device that writes identification information for managing the dominated node into the dominated node when the management information does not include identification information of other dominating node, and a management device that manages the dominated node. The communication apparatus is complied with the IEEE1394 Standard and capable of managing the other nodes on the communication network.

Abstract: In a network comprising a source, a destination, and intermediate nodes along a route between the source and the destination, techniques are provided for allocating one or more time slots to transmit a particular data stream along the route based on the QoS requirements to transmit the particular data stream. In one implementation, a Scout Request message (SRM) is sent from the source to the destination to allocate time slots along the route to transmit a particular data stream to the destination. The SRM can include QoS requirements to transmit the particular data stream. Each intermediate node along the route can allocate one or more time slots to transmit the particular data stream based on the QoS requirements needed to transmit the particular data stream along the route.

Abstract: A Virtual Local Area Network, VLAN, Mapping Point enables an end user to simultaneously access multiple services through a single broadband connection. The VLAN Mapping Point is implemented at a border between first and second independently tagged VLAN regions, and includes a mapping function that receives traffic packets from each of the VLAN regions, maps VLAN tags in the packets to associated VLAN tags for the other VLAN region, and forwards the packets using the associated VLAN tags. The first VLAN region may be a last-mile network that connects to end users. and the second VLAN region may be an aggregation network that connects to a core network.

Abstract: An Ethernet switch includes 12-Volt and 48-Volt power sourcing modules, system software, Ethernet interface modules and optional power over Ethernet (PoE) modules. The Ethernet interface modules are motherboards that include the circuitry required to implement a non-PoE system. The PoE modules are daughter boards that include the circuitry required to supply powered devices in a PoE subsystem. A PoE module may be connected to a corresponding Ethernet interface module. During start up, all of the Ethernet interface modules are first powered up in response to the 12-Volt power sourcing module. If the system software subsequently determines that the 48-Volt power sourcing module is operational, then (and only then) the system software attempts to detect the presence of any PoE modules. Upon detecting one or more PoE modules, the PoE modules are initialized and configured, thereby enabling PoE operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus capable of implementing user access control in a bus network at a low cost, and a bus network system in which low-cost security is implemented. A value of an FCS field in an Ethernet frame transmitted between a client U1 that is permitted to communicate with a server S among multiple clients U1 to U5 connected to a bus network and the server S is reversibly converted so that the Ethernet frame is converted into an FCS error frame. The value of the FCS field in the Ethernet frame converted into the FCS error frame and transmitted is restored to the original FCS value.

Abstract: A local network coding framework and method including techniques to improve efficiency in a wireless network by reducing overhead. The local network coding method includes exchanging data availability between nodes on the wireless network by sending Bloom filters of lists of packets to neighboring nodes. Based on data availability, optimized mixing of pure packets is performed to form mixture packets for output. A separate acknowledgement buffer keeps track of the pure packets transmitted but not acknowledged. If an acknowledgement does not arrive after a certain time period, the packet is assumed to be lost and is retransmitted. An optimized packet mixing process generates mixture packets and decides which nodes to send the mixture packets. The local network coding framework and method also includes methods for representing the composition of a mixture packet and using mixing at a wireless access point to improve the performance of the wireless local area network.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data transmission method for transmitting real-time data from a server to plural terminals via a network having plural local area networks connected to a wide area network. The method includes the steps of grouping plural terminals connected to a same switching hub into a single terminal group, generating a table indicating a rank and an address of each terminal in the terminal group, and transferring the real-time data from a first terminal to a second terminal that is one rank lower than the first terminal in accordance with the ranks indicated in the table.

Abstract: In a network bridge, means are provided for configuration and control of the network bridge, access being provided, via interfaces, to some or all functional blocks of the network bridge for the polling and evaluation of useful data, operating data, and/or parameters, and for manipulation of those data and/or parameters, and thus of the functional blocks, on the basis of the evaluation.

Abstract: Bridging between ad hoc local networks and Internet based peer-to-peer networks involves coupling a bridge device to a local network using an ad-hoc, peer-to-peer protocol used for exchanging data between consumer electronics devices. The bridge device is coupled to a public network using an Internet-based peer-to-peer networking protocol. In one arrangement, metadata related to media accessible from a media server of the local network is determined via the bridge device, and the metadata is transformed via the bridge device to enable peer-to-peer devices of the public network to discover the media via the bridge device using the Internet-based peer-to-peer networking protocol. In another arrangement, metadata related to media accessible from the public network is determined via the peer-to-peer networking protocol, and the metadata is transformed via the bridge device to enable a device of the local network to discover the media via the bridge device using the ad-hoc, peer-to-peer protocol.

Abstract: This invention provides a relay connection unit that relay message and make sufficient number of branches to be able to connect a plurality of ECUs. The relay connection unit includes: reception connectors to which a plurality of insertion connectors of communication lines can respectively be connected; a branch connection unit that divides the reception connectors into a plurality of groups, the branch connection unit branch-connecting the communication lines through the reception connectors belonging to the respective groups; a plurality of vehicle-mounted LAN communication units respectively connecting to each of the groups of the reception connectors via the branch connection unit, which are configured to perform transmission/reception of messages; and a relay processing unit that relays an incoming message received via one of the vehicle-mounted LAN communication units to another of the vehicle-mounted LAN communication units of another relay connection unit in accordance with a relaying destination.

Abstract: A problem is to provide a connection support apparatus and a gateway apparatus in which management of information is easy and remote access from a user terminal to the gateway apparatus can be performed easily and securely, and the problem is solved by including a control unit configured to perform control on a gateway apparatus to which a user apparatus connects so as to permit connection from the user apparatus for which authentication succeeds; and a communication unit configured to provide the user terminal with connection information used for connecting to the gateway apparatus.

Abstract: In a network bridge, means are provided for monitoring the contents and/or volume of incoming and/or outgoing data that are flowing through the network bridge or its memory. The means can be configurable and/or controllable by a higher-level instance, or can be predefined.

Abstract: A bandwidth allocator to allocate in real time shared resources of a network on-chip is disclosed. The bandwidth allocator routes data packets between elements of the network in response to requests to access the shared resources. The bandwidth allocator could include a plurality of network interfaces to process the data packets to be routed within the network and a plurality of routers for routing the data packets through the network. A processor, distributed within the routers, controls the routers and the transmission of each data of the data packets through the routers to provide a bandwidth for each data flow. The network interfaces is adapted to fill a header field of each data packet with header field information depending on a requested bandwidth. The processor controls the transmission of the data packets through the routers as a function of the value of the header field information of each data packet.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of minimising dead time of a path set-up and tear-down process in a centrally controlled network comprises receiving at a central controller a path setup message from a node is provided. The controller sends a tear-down signal to a node which is sending information on an existing path and sends a set-up signal to each node in a new path. The transmission time for each set-up and tear-down signal is determined, an order of sending derived and each signal is sent in order, such that each signal arrives at its destination at an optimal time with respect to each other signal, thereby minimising dead time.

Abstract: Linecards and methods for processing signals are provided.

Abstract: A method of controlling a window in a contention resolution protocol for a shared channel between at least three contending stations, according to which a station contends for a channel over a number of steps by generating a number, x, within an interval with a lower bound, l, initially equal to an initial lower bound, L, and an upper bound, h, initially equal to an initial upper bound, U; and by trying to access the channel if the number, x, falls within a window with the lower bound, l, and an upper window bound, w; a station which generated a number outside the window is eliminated from contending for the channel; whereas a station which generated a number within the window continues to contend for the channel; the method continues until one station is singled out to be determined winning the contention; the method comprises a step of: setting the upper window bound, w, to set a window within which the expected number of stations that will try to access the channel is approximately equal to 1.

Abstract: The quality of signals during SDMA is raised. In an uplink, a signal processing unit receives signals respectively from a plurality of terminal apparatuses which have been multiple-accessed by division of time. It derives receiving channel characteristics corresponding to the plurality of terminal apparatuses, respectively, for each time slot. In a downlink, the signal processing unit derives transmitting channel characteristics from the receiving channel characteristics derived and, based on the transmitting channel characteristics derived, it transmits signals respectively to the plurality of terminal apparatuses to which SDMA has been performed.

Abstract: A network for carrying out control, sensing and data communications, comprising a plurality of nodes. Each node may be connected to a payload, which comprises sensors, actuators and DTE's. The network is formed by using a plurality of independent communication links, each based on electrically-conducting communication media comprising at least two conductors and interconnecting two nodes, in a point-to-point configuration. During network operation, nodes can be dynamically configured as either data-generating nodes, wherein data is generated and transmitted into the network, or as receiver/repeater/router nodes, wherein received data is repeated from a receiver port to all output ports. During normal network operation, the network shifts from state to state. Each state is characterized by assigning a single node as the data-generating node, and configuring all other nodes in the network as repeaters and receivers. The network can be configured in linear or circular topology, or any mixture of both.

Abstract: A method of managing a network includes configuring nodes and applications of the network to refer to the same framework of predefined network capabilities. Each of the applications is configured to implement one or more of the capabilities. Each of the applications also is configured to negotiate, as to each of the capabilities, with the nodes to obtain a network resource to support the capabilities. Each node is configured to negotiate, after an application obtains a network resource, with other nodes to optimize network resource allocation. This method provides a framework for application self-healing and network optimization that can improve network performance.

Abstract: A method and a device are considered for implementing minimum activity during discontinuous transmission in a telecommunication connection used to carry a service. The service is allowed to involve transmitting upper-level scheduled silence-breaking transmissions at predetermined regular intervals during otherwise silent periods. There is determined (407, 408, 409) a maximum length of a silent period that is longer than the predetermined regular intervals between upper-level scheduled silence-breaking transmissions. A Layer 2 entity of a protocol stack observes (411) the occurrence of silent periods and transmits (412) a dummy block over the telecommunication connection if the length of an observed silent period reaches said maximum length without an upper-level scheduled silence-breaking transmission having been transmitted.

Abstract: A method for fairly allocating a differentiated bandwidth based on shared multicast traffic in transmission of downstream traffic in a Time Division Multiplexed-Passive Optical Network (TDM-PON) is provided.

Abstract: In general, this disclosure describes techniques for exchanging information between a plurality of encoder modules and a multiplex module to combine segments of data from the encoder modules with an improved overall quality. In particular, the encoder modules associate their respective segments of data with quality and rate information and send at least the quality and rate information associated with the segments of data to the multiplex module. The multiplex module analyzes the quality and rate information to determine whether the segments of data that encoder modules desire to include in the current superframe fit within the available bandwidth of a transmission channel. If the multiplex module determines the plurality of segments of data do not fit within the available bandwidth, the multiplex module selects one or more of the segments to be resized based on the quality and rate information received from the encoder modules.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for managing transfer of software images to ONTs over a PON network. The method includes dividing a software image into multiple segments, where each segment is divided into sections. The sections of each segment include at least one unacknowledged section and at least one acknowledged section. The method further includes downloading, over a common broadcast channel to a group of ONTs, the unacknowledged sections of a first segment. The unacknowledged sections are downloaded successively in an unacknowledged manner. The method further includes downloading, over unicast channel to corresponding ONTs within a group of ONTs, the acknowledged section of the first segment. Each of the ONTs in the group of ONTs returns of an acknowledgement or a non-acknowledgement in response to the acknowledged section downloaded from the OLT.

Abstract: A method for retransmitting high-speed packet data in a transmission apparatus of a mobile communication system that simultaneously performs Automatic Retransmission reQuest (ARQ) that retransmits an ARQ packet reconfigured by allocating a sequence number to data delivered from an upper layer, and Hybrid Automatic Retransmission reQuest (HARQ) that multiplexes a plurality of ARQ packets into one HARQ packet and performs repeated retransmission on the HARQ packet within a maximum retransmission limit value. A transmitting HARQ entity checks a missing ARQ packet and sends a Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) for the missing ARQ packet to a transmitting ARQ entity. The transmitting ARQ entity receives an Acknowledged (ACK) for ARQ packets from a receiving ARQ entity, detects at least one missing ARQ packet according to the NACK and the ACK, configures a retransmission packet with the detected ARQ packet, and retransmits the retransmission packet.

Abstract: There is provided a base station capable of preventing lowering of throughput while suppressing interference to an adjacent cell and reduction of the line capacity in a high-speed packet transmission. In this base station, from mobile stations 1 to 7, firstly, mobile stations 1, 4, 6 having the downlink control channel line quality not smaller than a threshold value ‘3 dB’ set according to the total number of mobile stations are selected, and then from the mobile stations 1, 4, 6, the mobile station having the largest CQI, i.e., the mobile station 4 having the most preferable downlink data channel line quality is selected as a mobile station to which the data channel is allocated.

Abstract: A method and a system for replacing media stream in a communication process of a terminal are disclosed. The method includes: a terminal issuing a request for replacing media stream to a communication server in a communication process; the communication server obtaining a corresponding replacing media source from a multimedia server according to a replacing media source identification carried in the request for replacing media stream, and replacing media stream sent by the terminal with the replacing media source. The system includes a multimedia server and a communication server. According to the embodiments of the present invention, a terminal participating in a communication process may replace its own voice and/or pictures with stored audio and/or video and/or data, so as to provide a new value-added service and bring new service revenue for operators.

Abstract: Method and system for Out-Of-Band (OOB) massaging with Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) configured to receive OOB messaging signals from a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS). The method and system include determining whether a DCD message identifying data tunnels includes a DCD message identifier matching with a CPE identifier such that the data tunnels identified in the matching DCD message are tuned to by the CPE.

Abstract: A method for transmitting network joining message packets during control slots of a time division multiple access (TDMA) frame sequence is described. The method includes determining a size of the network joining packet to be processed for transmission, recognizing which slots of the TDMA frame sequence are control slots, subdividing the control slots based on at least one of the size of the network joining packet and a data rate of a control slot queue, and transmitting a number of the network joining message packets during the control slot of the TDMA frame sequence, the number of transmitted based on the subdivision of the control slots.

Abstract: In one aspect, multimedia connections are enabled between terminals coupled to a first communication network with a power characteristic control system and to a second communication network for transmitting multimedia data to be controlled in a simple manner. When a switching-oriented power characteristic is activated, the power characteristic control system controls a base connection by means of the first communication network between a first terminal and a second terminal. In the framework of the base connection, address information identifying the first terminal in the second communication network and multimedia information are transmitted to the second terminal.

Abstract: In a communication system comprising a link layer device connectable to one or more physical layer devices, the link layer device is configured using an efficient shared architecture for processing data associated with a plurality of links including at least one ingress link and at least one egress link. The link layer device comprises an ingress data clock processor configured to generate an ingress clock signal for processing data associated with said at least one ingress link, an egress data clock processor configured to generate an egress clock signal for processing data associated with said at least one egress link, and a control and configuration unit shared by the ingress data clock processor and the egress data clock processor. Another aspect of the invention relates to a buffer adaptive processor that in an illustrative embodiment limits clock variability in the presence of cell delay variation or cell loss.

Abstract: A transmitting and receiving section transmits data to which a time measured in a first device is attached, from the first device through a communication line, and receives the data in a second device. A communication abnormality detecting section detects an abnormality in a communication between the first device and the second device on the basis of the received data. A time lag detecting section detects a time lag between the first device and the second device by comparing the time attached to the data with a time measured in the second device at the time of receiving the data.

Abstract: A high-speed bit stream interface module interfaces a high-speed communication media to a communication Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) via a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) or the communication ASIC to another communication ASIC. The high-speed bit stream interface includes a plurality of signal conditioning circuits. The signal conditioning circuits service each of an RX path and a TX path and include a limiting amplifier and a clock and data recovery circuit. The signal conditioning circuit may also include an equalizer and/or an output pre-emphasis circuit. The clock and data recovery circuit has an adjustable Phase Locked Loop (PLL) bandwidth that is set to correspond to a jitter bandwidth of a serviced high-speed bit stream.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a system where multiple lower bandwidth optic Ethernet (e.g. 1000Base-FX) signals can be interleaved or encoded onto a single fiber optic link by overclocking the physical layer elements in such a manner as to be transparent to the data link layer and other higher network layers in the Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Model) are provided. Such embodiments may provide increased port density over the existing fiber optic gigabit Ethernet (GbE) standards. In embodiments where multiple GbE signals are not channelized, overclocking the physical layer elements may provide increased bandwidth for a single link over existing fiber optic GbE standards.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for demultiplexing sampled data at a first data rate on a data line using a non-standard demultiplex mode is achieved by first demultiplexing the sampled data using a standard, factor of two, demultiplex mode, to produce n data lines at 1/n time the first data rate, and then down-converting n data lines to m data lines at 1/m times the first data rate to produce the non-standard demultiplex mode. As a specific example sampled data is demultiplexed using a standard 4× mode and then converted to a non-standard 3× mode.

Abstract: A color dazzle system to enhance area denial to personnel mission for law enforcement, homeland security, border patrol, and the military effectively by interrupting the ability of combatants to continue with their intended mission. The color dazzle system has a multi-wavelength laser module for generate desired color or wavelength ranges of light, a beam projector module for pointing the light towards the target to be dazzled, and a fiber optic beam delivery system for delivering the light to the beam projector module. By adjusting the power output according to the corresponding wavelength and the distance to the target, and quickly switching between the wavelengths of light, a dazzle effect can be obtained with an irradiance within a safety range for the eye.

Abstract: The present invention is a self-seeded laser diode. The laser diode obtains a gain by itself without using expansive erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Hence, the cost is reduced and the system is simplified.

Abstract: A laser control apparatus and control method thereof includes multiple laser elements, a photodetector for monitoring optical outputs of the laser elements, a modulation. circuit for modulating with respect to each laser element based on data, a first drive source for applying a bias current to each laser element, a second drive source for generating a modulation current in the modulation circuit, and a controller for controlling the first drive source and the second drive source to couple an amount of a variation of a drive current as a test current to the bias current and the modulation current and for con-trolling the bias current according to an amount of variation of the optical output which occurs by coupling of the test current and an amount of the bias current.

Abstract: An automatic power control (APC) circuit applicable to controlling a laser generation module including a laser generator for generating laser and a photosensor for outputting a detection result corresponding to the power of the laser, includes: a comparator, coupled to the photosensor and biased by a first voltage level, for comparing the detection result and a reference signal to generate a comparison result; a level shifter, coupled the comparator, for shifting an intermediate voltage level controlled by the comparison result to generate a control voltage; and a driver, coupled to the level shifter and the laser generator, for driving the laser generator according to the control voltage and a second voltage level.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving soluble conjugated polymers are provided. The conjugated polymers have a sufficient density of polar substituents to render them soluble in a polar medium, for example water and/or methanol. The conjugated polymer may desirably comprise monomers which alter its conductivity properties. In some embodiments, the inventors have provided cationic conjugated polymers (CCPs) comprising both solubilizing groups and conductive groups, resulting in conductive conjugated polymers soluble in polar media. The different solubility properties of these polymers allow their deposition in solution in multilayer formats with other conjugated polymers. Also provided are articles of manufacture comprising multiple layers of conjugated polymers having differing solubility characteristics. Embodiments of the invention are described further herein.

Abstract: In a buried type structure including an active layer sandwiched between an n-type cladding layer and a p-type cladding layer and a current blocking layer having an opening for confining a current flowing to the active layer, a regrown layer made of a nitride semiconductor doped with a p-type impurity is formed on the current blocking layer so as to cover the opening of the current blocking layer, and a portion of the regrown layer buried in the opening disposed to be adjacent to a side face of the opening and having a given width W is changed to have the n-type conductivity. Accordingly, the opening of the current blocking layer is effectively narrowed, so as to realize a self-pulsation nitride semiconductor laser device.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device capable of improving heat dissipativity, simplifying the fabrication process and improving the fabrication yield is obtained. This semiconductor laser device comprises a semiconductor layer formed on an emission layer while constituting a convex ridge portion, a current blocking layer consisting of a semiconductor formed to cover at least the side surfaces of the ridge portion, a first metal electrode formed to be in contact with the upper surface of the ridge portion and convex support portions arranged on both sides of the ridge portion at a prescribed interval from the ridge portion.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser element includes a semiconductor layer, an insulating layer and an electrode. The semiconductor layer is formed on a substrate, and includes a raised portion extending along a predetermined direction and flat portions provided on outer sides in a width direction of the raised portion. The insulating layer is formed on upper surfaces of the flat portions and side surfaces of the raised portion. The electrode includes a first portion provided along the predetermined direction on the raised portion and a second portion including a plurality of protruding portions protruding outward from the first portion in the width direction of the raised portion. A gap through which the insulating layer is exposed is provided between each adjacent two of the plurality of protruding portions.

Abstract: An optical device comprises: an active semiconductor region (130), for providing gain to signal light (170) passing through said active region (130); a signal-light reflector (120), for reflecting the signal light (170) through the active region (130) in a direction out of the plane of the active region (130); a pump-light reflector (120), the pump-light reflector (120) being arranged to reflect pump light so as to form a standing wave (160) in the device; and an absorber (191) that absorbs light at a wavelength of the signal light. The absorber (191) is arranged at a position in the device at which there is no or substantially no pump light.

Abstract: A high-power semiconductor laser chip 39 with a long cavity length is disposed on a side 42 of a Si chip 37 along the long side of a package, thereby reducing the thickness and size of a semiconductor device 30 for integrating the semiconductor laser chip 39 and a light-receiving element for signal processing. Further, by using the semiconductor device 30, it is possible to reduce the thickness and size of an optical pickup and the thickness and size of an optical disc drive using the optical pickup.

Abstract: A gas discharge laser includes elongated discharge electrodes having an active surface width that varies along the length of the resonator. In one example each of the electrodes is formed by a row of pins having a circular active surface. The pins are diametrically aligned with the active surfaces generally coplanar.

Abstract: A laser pumped tunable laser system is disclosed directed to achieving tunable outputs with high wall plug efficiencies. In particular, green laser pumped alexandrite lasers are discussed—both pulsed and CW—where the wall plug efficiencies of greater than 2% can be achieved using practical, commercially available pump lasers. In alternative approaches, frequency converted tunable radiation in the UV is achieved with high efficiency from compact, high beam quality devices.

Abstract: A method includes, for each desired wavelength of a plurality of desired output wavelengths, selecting a light-emitting resonant structure (LERS) that emits light at the desired wavelength when exposed to a beam of charged particles; and forming the periodically complex resonant structure from the selected light-emitting resonant structures.

Abstract: In an optical pickup apparatus body, an APC light-receiving element is arranged halfway along an optical path between a collimating lens and an objective lens, at a position which is entered by laser light which enters the objective lens and spreads out of an effective diameter D1. The APC light-receiving circuit detects divergence of a light flux that has been transmitted through the collimating lens, caused by correcting spherical aberration. In an optical pickup apparatus, an APC circuit calculates based on an output signal from the APC light-receiving element to control a current supplied from an LD driving circuit to an LD so that a light amount of the light flux emitted from the objective lens is kept fixed even though the divergence is changed.

Abstract: An optical pickup device includes a diffraction grating for separating a light beam from a semiconductor laser into at least three light beams. The diffraction grating is partitioned into five areas each having a given periodic structure: a first area; a second area adjacent to the first area in a first direction; a third area adjacent to the first and second areas in a second direction; a fourth area sandwiching the third area with the first area; and a fifth area adjacent to the fourth area in the first direction and sandwiching the third area with the second area. The phase of the periodic structure of each of the first and fifth areas is ahead of that of the third area by substantially 90°. The phase of the periodic structure of each of the second and fourth areas is behind that of the third area by substantially 90°.

Abstract: A dropping model electrostatic levitation furnace which puts a charged sample in levitation state by an electric field generated between electrodes and subjects the sample to heat treatment, in which a drop tube evacuatable in vacuum is connected vertically at the lower side of a furnace body to allow the sample to drop through the drop tube with a beam irradiating optical system having a heating laser beam. This brings experimental results which the influence of an electric field and gravity is eliminated sufficiently by means of a furnace having comparatively simple constitution, and also enables to reduce the cost drastically with high experimental environment.