Abstract: This invention is directed to a protein containing composition for coating a food product, containing a liquid batter protein material having a liquid and a soy protein material wherein the weight ratio of liquid to soy protein material is from about 3-20 to 1; and a soy fiber material; wherein the food product coating has a non-fiber carbohydrate content of not more than 5 grams non-fiber carbohydrate per serving. Said invention may also include a pre-dust protein material; a breading protein material containing at least 50% soy protein by weight on a moisture free basis; and a liquid clear coat protein material.

Abstract: A pattern forming method for forming a functional film with a prescribed pattern on a substrate using a droplet discharge method, the pattern forming method includes: a sub region configuration process for: configuring, in a design pattern of the functional film, a plurality of sub regions which divide the designing pattern; and categorizing the plurality of sub regions into a plurality of non-adjacent groups; a first drawing process for arranging the liquid substance so as to draw a sub region that belongs to a first group categorized in the sub region configuration process; and a second drawing process for arranging the liquid substance so as to draw a sub region that belongs to a second group categorized in the sub region configuration process; wherein a solidification process for solidifying the liquid substance arranged in the first drawing process is provided between the first drawing process and the second drawing process.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin film by an ink jet method including the step of discharging a liquid containing thin film-forming materials and a solvent from liquid discharge ports to each position on a substrate while the liquid discharge ports are being moved relatively to the substrate, characterized in that subsequent droplets are arranged while a solvent vapor evaporating from droplets arranged previously on the substrate are compulsively removed from inside the substrate surface.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for selectively vapor-coating an extrusion die to extrude honeycombs with desired distributions of web thicknesses, wherein at least one perforated impedance or preferential coating plate with a desired pattern of holes is positioned adjacent to, but spaced apart from, a face of the extrusion die to be coated, whereby a coating gas passed through the coating plate and into the die imparts a desired coating distribution to the extrusion die slots that is effective to closely control the web thickness distribution in honeycombs extruded therefrom.

Abstract: An inkjet head which is provided with a nozzle plate that is covered with a water repellent film including a Ni-PTFE film, and a plurality of nozzles that are formed through the nozzle plate to eject ink. In this structure, the nozzle plate is subjected to a heat treatment after the Ni-PTFE film is formed on the nozzle plate, and then is subjected to water cooling. The water cooling is performed using cooling water having a temperature ranging from 15° C. through 30° C. after the heat treatment is finished.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a highly-porous ceramic layer and for application of this layer onto metallic, ceramic, enameled and/or glass substrates using porous, ceramic particles, preferably aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and zircon oxide, and an inorganic binder system. The inorganic binder system contains at least one ceramic nanoparticle of a particle size of less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm and particularly preferred less than 25 nm, the solvent being water. Layers produced in this fashion are suited as self-cleaning catalytically active layers e.g. in ovens, in combustion engines etc. or for general coating of substances to considerably increase their specific surface e.g. for catalytic substrates.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a material for an antireflective film that has high etching selectivity with respect to the resist, that is, that has a faster etching speed than the resist, a pattern formation method for forming an antireflective film layer on a substrate using this antireflective film material, and a pattern formation method using this antireflective film as a hard mask for substrate processing. The present invention provides a silicone resin for preventing reflection comprising an organic group comprising a carbon-oxygen single bond and/or a carbon-oxygen double bond; a light-absorbing group; and a silicon atom whose terminal end or ends are Si—OH and/or Si—OR. It also provides an antireflective film material comprising this silicone resin (A) for preventing reflection film, an organic solvent (B) and an acid generator (C).

Abstract: In a method of forming a polysilicon layer on a substrate, a first embodiment comprises: doping inert gas into the substrate to form a plurality of pores in the substrate; depositing a buffer later on the substrate; depositing an amorphous silicon layer on the buffer layer; and heating the amorphous silicon layer to convert the amorphous silicon layer into a polysilicon layer. A second embodiment comprises: depositing a first buffer layer on a substrate; doping inert gas into the first buffer layer to form a plurality of pores in the first buffer layer; depositing a second buffer layer on the first buffer layer; depositing an amorphous silicon layer on the second buffer layer; and heating the amorphous silicon layer to convert the amorphous silicon layer into a polysilicon layer.

Abstract: An active ray curable ink-jet ink composition comprising: (i) a colorant; and (ii) a set of (I) or a set of (II), wherein the set of (I) contains: (a) a photopolymerizable alicyclic epoxy compound; and (b) a diol compound contained in a specific amount; and the set of (II) contains: (a) a photopolymerizable oxetane compound; (b) a photopolymerizable epoxy compound; and (c) a diol compound contained in a specific amount.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell module having photovoltaic elements in each of which a metal oxide layer made of a metal oxide forms an outermost surface part thereof at a light incident side, and a sealing resin layer formed on the metal oxide layer. The method includes the steps of providing water on a surface of the metal oxide layer, the water being chemically adsorbed thereto; irradiating the metal oxide layer with electromagnetic waves for a predetermined time so that the contact angle of the water on the surface of the metal oxide layer is 60° or less, the electromagnetic waves having energy larger than the band gap of the metal oxide; and subsequently forming the sealing resin layer on the metal oxide layer.

Abstract: Methods are provided to form a thin film reproducibly in a process for forming the thin film on the inner wall surface facing a space formed in a substrate by plasma CVD. A thin film is produced on an inner wall surface of a substrate facing a space formed in the substrate. The substrate is contained in a chamber for plasma CVD process. A gas for plasma reaction is then flown into the space and a pulse voltage is applied on the substrate without substantially applying a direct bias voltage on the substrate to form the thin film on the inner wall surface.

Abstract: Electron cyclotron resonance plasma deposition process and device for single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on a catalyst-free substrate, by injection of microwave power into a deposition chamber comprising a magnetic confinement structure with a magnetic mirror, and at least one electron cyclotron resonance area inside or at the border of the deposition chamber and facing the substrate, whereby dissociation and/or ionization of a gas containing carbon is caused, at a pressure of less than 10?3 mbars, in the magnetic mirror at the center of the deposition chamber, producing species that will be deposited on said heated substrate. The substrate surface includes raised and/or lowered reliefs. The invention concerns the SWNTs thus obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formula I in which X, Z1, Z2, Z3, a, b and c are as defined in Claim 1, and to electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium of this type.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel diamine which is especially useful as a material for a resin for a liquid crystal alignment film, a polyimide precursor and a polyimide synthesized by using the diamine, and a treating agent for liquid crystal alignment containing such a polymer, which gives a liquid crystal alignment film having a high pretilt angle of liquid crystal, excellent thermal stability of the pretilt angle and small dependence of the pretilt angle on rubbing pressure. A diaminobenzene derivative represented by the formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 are cyclic groups, and X3 is selected from an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a fluoroalkyl group, a fluoroalkoxy group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and a cyano group; a polyimide precursor and a polyimide synthesized by using the diaminobenzene derivative as a part of the material; and a treating agent for liquid crystal alignment containing at least one of the polymers.

Abstract: A multi-layer sheet and a process for producing the sheet are disclosed. The sheet can comprise a first polymer layer comprising a weatherable film of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) having an adhesive coating on one side; second pigmented polymer layer extruded onto the adhesive coating of the first polymer layer; and optionally a third extruded thermoformable polymer backing layer. The process can comprise combining a pigmented polymer onto the adhesive coating surface of the weatherable film of PVF or PVDF, passing the resulting structure into a nip of two rolls under pressure and subsequently an optional third thermoformable polymer backing layer is extruded or laminated onto the pigmented polymer layer.

Abstract: A thermal ink jet recording paper, incorporating dewatered and milled precipitated calcium carbonate (“PCC”) is disclosed. Precipitated calcium carbonate is dewatered and milled in the presence of an amphoteric or anionic dispersant to produce a high solids PCC composition. When used in coating formulations the PCC has a surface morphology and chemistry that enhances the printability of ink jet paper. Ink jet recording paper incorporating the PCC of the present invention has reduced ink feathering and spreading as well as improved optical density, dry time, and water fastness.

Abstract: Bottles, containers and other articles are formed from polypropylene compositions that include a reheating agent, such as antimony, carbon black, graphite, titanium, copper, manganese, iron, tungsten, graphite, infra-red absorbing dyes or other infra-red absorbing material. The reheating time for the polypropylene composition is shortened for injection stretch blow molding or thermoforming, and the polypropylene granule composition with reheating agent has an L* value of at least 80% of the L* value for a polypropylene granule control without added reheating agents as measured by the Gardner color test. The reheating agent may be incorporated into the polypropylene composition by in situ chemical reduction of a metal compound, such as antimony triglycolate, with a reducing agent, such as hypophosphorous acid. In addition, the polypropylene composition with reheating agent may be derived from a polypropylene masterbatch with high concentrations of reheating agent.

Abstract: A finish on a hollow plastic preform or container includes a neck that is at least partially of crystallizable polymer construction and is at least partially crystallized, and a finish ring externally secured over the neck. The neck preferably is of molded plastic construction, and preferably is stretched subsequent to molding but prior to external securement of the finish ring. In the preferred embodiments of the invention, the preform or container has an integral body, and the neck is integrally molded with the body. The finish ring preferably has at least one external thread for securement of a closure to the container after molding.

Abstract: A water-borne gas barrier coating composition for polymeric films and shaped containers, including a two-layer coating system with a laminar layer mineral in the gas barrier layer, which is particularly well suit for spray application to biaxially oriented injection stretch blow molded PET bottles for carbonated beverages and beer.

Abstract: High radiopacity is achieved in a polymeric marker by combining a polymeric resin, a powdered radiopaque agent having uniformly shaped particles of a specific particle size distribution and a wetting agent. The method to produce the marker calls for the blending and pelletization of these materials followed by extrusion onto support beading. The resulting supported tubing is subsequently cut to length with the beading still in place. After ejection of the beading remnant the marker is slipped into place on the device to be marked and attached by melt bonding. Marking of a guidewire allows lesions to be measured while the marking of balloon catheters allow the balloon to be properly positioned relative to a lesion.

Abstract: A frangible fiberglass insulation batt includes a pair of fiberglass strips arranged to lie in side-by-side relation to one another and a frangible polymerized binder bridge spanning a gap between the fiberglass strips and retaining the fiberglass strips in side-by-side relation. To produce such a batt, a stream of uncured fiberglass insulation is cut along its length to form two side-by-side fiberglass strips and then passed through a curing oven to cause heat generated in the oven to polymerize (cure) binder associated with the strips in the gap to form the frangible polymerized binder bridge.

Abstract: An mat system with each mat having sloping lips which overlap with an adjacent mat's sloping lips and are secured by interlocking joints in the mats' lips and/or by captive locking pins to form an easily assembled and interconnected flat surface. In use, opposing ledges forms a slot within holes in the top overlapping lips to receive a captive locking pin. The pin is captive by mid body prongs which fix underneath the ledges in a mat's upper lip's holes, and the pin locks and unlocks with rotary turning of the pin resulting in the pin's keeper feet fixing underneath the similar ledges in the holes of the lower lip of an adjacent mat.

Abstract: A rubber or plastic floor mat has a series of parallel upper ribs on its upper surface which define slots in which respective strips or carpeting or the like are removably held. The strips are retained along their lengths by retaining means which run continually or continuously along the slots. The strip retainers include hook-and-loop fasteners (e.g., VELCRO), and/or overhanging edges above the strip edges, preferably formed in one-piece fashion along the side of the upper ribs adjacent the slots. The overhangs may be interrupted, e.g., crenelated as seen from above, and may include bevels.

Abstract: A wall patch includes a substantially planar body, an adhesive located on a first surface of the body, a ready-to-paint second surface of the body, and an aperture in the body. The aperture is preferably sized to minimize a wall hole, such as is commonly made for installation of an electrical outlet or other household wall element. A method for repairing a wall hole includes identifying a wall hole to be repaired by covering less than a total hole area defined by the wall hole, said wall hole having a wall element mounted therein; applying over the wall hole a wall patch having a substantially planar body, an adhesive located on a lower surface of the body, a ready-to-paint upper surface of the body, and an aperture in the body having an aperture area less than the wall hole area; wherein the aperture of the wall patch partially covers the wall hole without obstructing access to the wall element; and painting directly over the wall patch.

Abstract: A computer-readable medium having material at a select position therein and containing instructions for controlling an optical reader to cause the optical reader to re-read the position having the material one or more times to elicit a measurable parameter at such position.

Abstract: A pile fabric comprises a base fabric and a pile layer composed of many cut piles extending from at least one face of the base fabric, and has a pile length of from 2 to 30 mm. The pile yarns forming the cut piles are core-sheath type composite yarns each comprising a core portion composed of thick fibers (preferably filaments) having a single fiber size of from 5 to 55 dtex and a sheath portion that is composed of thin fibers (preferably filaments) having a single fiber size of from 0.01 to 2.5 dtex, and that surrounds and covers the core portion. The pile fabric is excellent in the dust removal effect during wiping, and resistance to laying flat, and is useful as a fabric for cleaning.

Abstract: This invention relates to a low cost loop material for a hook and loop fastener having at least one sheet of flexible nonwoven material intermittently bonded to inelastic oriented film. The invention further relates to methods for producing these loops.

Abstract: A sheet for a writing board and a reflection type screen has excellent writability and erasability when used as a writing board and excellent anti-glare property without hot spots when used as a reflection type screen. This sheet includes a resin layer presenting a writing surface with unevenness having an arithmetical mean deviation (JIS-B-0601) of 1.0-4.0 ?m and a mean spacing of profile irregularities (JIS-B-0601) between adjacent protrusions of 30-300 ?m formed by embossing. The resin layer preferably contains as an ultraviolet ray curable resin. Since the unevenness is formed on the resin layer by embossing, ink does not penetrate the resin layer and hence the sheet has excellent erasability.

Abstract: A lighting unit cover including a deep color (first) resin layer subject to preblanking is laminated and molded in a predetermined position on a backside of a light color (second) resin layer on a surface side subject to postblanking. The second layer protrudes toward the first layer side and a boundary surface between the first and second layers and is offset by a distance toward the first layer side in a laminated portion. The first layer contacts the melted second resin and is subject to postblanking so that a part thereof is molten and drawn by its flow. A step portion in a cavity corresponding to a protruded portion of the second layer toward the first layer side blocks the flow of the molten first resin into the second layer. The first resin is not mixed into the first layer, resulting in excellent appearance and a large light emitting area.

Abstract: A bulky sheet material having three-dimensional protrusions 10 is disclosed. The sheet material comprises a first layer 1 and a second layer 2 adjacent to the first layer 1. The first layer 1 and the second layer 2 is partly joined together at joints 3 in a prescribed pattern. The first layer 1 has a number of raised portions which are located among the joints 3. The second layer 2 comprises a material which exhibits elastomeric behavior. The bulky sheet material 10 exhibits elastomeric behavior as a whole and breathability.

Abstract: Substantially transparent electrodes are formed upon a substrate by forming on the substrate, in order, a high index layer, a metallic conductive layer, and a conductive or semi-conductive top layer; and patterning the top layer and the conductive layer, preferably by laser ablation, to form a plurality of discrete electrodes from the metallic conductive layer. Conductors can be attached directly to the top layer, without requiring removal of this layer to expose the metallic conductive layer. The high index layer, conductive layer and top layer can all be formed by sputtering or similar processes which do not require high temperatures, so that plastic substrates can be used. The electrodes can be used, for example, in flat panel displays and in touch screen displays.

Abstract: A synthetic fire-resistant resin includes one or more of a polycarbonate resin material, and/or a polyester resin material mixed with a flame-retardant, such as a bis-diphenyldiphosphate flame-retardant. Alternatively, a mixture of polycarbonate resin material mixed with polyester resin material can be capped with a fire-resistant film. The resin sheet can be made at a thickness such that the resin sheet is structurally useful as a conventional building material. Furthermore the resin sheet can be made transparent, translucent, or colored, as desired for architectural purposes. The resin sheet further has a Vicat temperature that renders the extruded resin sheet easy to work with using conventional manufacturing techniques, and strong enough to be used in a wide variety of indoor and outdoor environments. In one implementation, fire-resistant resin sheets can be combined with a decorative image layer to form a decorative panel that can be used in Class A building environments.

Abstract: A porous insulating film comprising a highly heat resistant resin film having a fine porous structure with a mean pore size of 0.01-5 ?m in at least the center of the film, and a porosity of 15-80%. A laminate is prepared by forming a heat resistant adhesive layer or a conductive metal layer or an inorganic or metal substrate on one or both sides of the porous insulating film or by forming an inorganic or metal substrate on one side of the porous insulating film and a conductive metal layer on the other side.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a heat-shrinkable polyester film having a good light blocking property even when the label is not auxiliary processed by printing. The present invention provides a heat-shrinkable polyester film mainly made of a polyester resin, wherein the film has a total luminous transmittance of not more than 40%, a haze of not less than 90%, a sample film has a heat shrinkage percentage of not less than 50% in the maximum shrinkage direction and a heat shrinkage percentage of not more than 10% in a direction orthogonal to the maximum shrinkage direction, the sample film being in a size of 10 cm×10 cm cut off from the film and obtained by immerse in hot water at 95° C. for 10 seconds, subsequently in water at 25° C. for 10 seconds, and withdrawing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protective layer against wear based on artificial resin. Hard particles (1) having a hardness of at least 6 on the Mohs scale are embedded in said layer, as are compact, round, solid particle (2), which are essentially free of sharp edges and have a hardness of at least 5 on the Mohs scale. The grain size distribution of the round solid particles (2) begins at least with the smallest grain diameter of the hard particles (1) and reaches a maximum of five times the value of the largest hard particle diameter, the average grain diameter of the solid particles (2) being larger than the average grain diameter of the hard particles (1). The hard particles and round solid particles are admixed for producing a protective layer against wear and for providing wear-resistant surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a stabilized bioactive hydrogel matrix coating for substrates, such as medical devices. The invention provides a coated substrate comprising a substrate having a surface, and a bioactive hydrogel matrix layer overlying the surface of the medical device, the hydrogel matrix comprising a first high molecular weight component and a second high molecular weight component, the first and second high molecular weight components each being selected from the group consisting of polyglycans and polypeptides, wherein at least one of the first and second high molecular weight components is immobilized (e.g., by covalent cross-linking) to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A two-layer nanotape that includes a nanoribbon substrate and an oxide that is epitaxially deposited on a flat surface of the nanoribbon substrate is described. The oxide is deposited on the substrate using a pulsed laser ablation deposition process. The nanoribbons can be made from materials such as SnO2, ZnO, MgO, Al2O3, Si, GaN, or CdS. Also, the sintered oxide target can be made from materials such as TiO2, transition metal doped TiO2 (e.g., CO0.05Ti0.95O2), BaTiO3, ZnO, transition metal doped ZnO (e.g., Mn0.1Zn0.9O and Ni0.1Zn0.9O), LaMnO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, YBa2Cu3Oz, or SrCu2O2 and other p-type oxides. Additionally, temperature sensitive nanoribbon/metal bilayers and their method of fabrication by thermal evaporation are described. Metals such as Cu, Au, Ti, Al, Pt, Ni and others can be deposited on top of the nanoribbon surface. Such devices bend significantly as a function of temperature and are suitable as, for example, thermally activated nanoscale actuators.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for manufacturing a fiber having at least a surface comprised mainly of a thermoplastic resin and carrying solid particles affixed to the surface, comprising the steps of: heating the solid particles having a melting point or a decomposition point higher than a melting point of the thermoplastic resin, to a temperature higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin, bringing the heated solid particles into contact with the fiber while maintaining the temperature of the heated solid particles higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin to bond the solid particles to a fiber surface by fusing the fiber surface, and cooling the fused fiber carrying the solid particle to affix the solid particles to the fiber surface. Further, an apparatus of manufacturing the same, and a fiber having at least a surface comprised mainly of a thermoplastic resin and carrying solid particles affixed to the surface are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dental filling material comprising an inner core and outer layer of material disposed and surrounding the inner core, both the inner core and outer layer of material each containing a thermoplastic polymer. The thermoplastic polymer may be biodegradable. A bioactive substance may also be included in the filling material. The thermoplastic polymer acts as a matrix for the bioactive substance. The composition may include other polymeric resins, fillers, plasticizers and other additives typically used in dental materials. The filling material is used for the filing of root canals.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes an electrophoretic dispersion liquid in which electrophotographic particles are dispersed. Each of the electrophotographic particles has a surface salt structure consisting of an acid-derived anionic group and any one of cationic compounds including a specific imidazolium compound, a specific pyridinium compound, a specific quaternary ammonium compound, and a specific trialkylamine-derived compound.

Abstract: A surface treated particle comprising a plurality of inorganic, metallic, semi-metallic, and/or metallic oxide particles and a star-graft copolymer with looped and/or linear polymeric structure on a star-graft copolymer, obtainable by a heterogeneous polymerization reaction in the particle surface proximity, encapsulating at least a portion of said particles and a method for making the same. The surface treatment comprises: Si (w, x, y, z), where: w, x, y, and z are mole percent tetrafunctional, trifunctional, difunctional, and monofunctional monomeric units, respectively. Product(s) per se, defined as surface treated ZnO and/or TiO2, and the use of the product(s) per se in personal care formulations are excluded.

Abstract: A heat spreader for a display device, such as a plasma display panel, a light emitting diode or a liquid crystal display, which includes at least one sheet of compressed particles of exfoliated graphite having two major surfaces, both of which have a layer of an adhesive thereon.

Abstract: This invention provides a chemically coated surface for the electrophoretic separation application. The surface comprises of block copolymers prepared from addition monomers selected from a group consisting of acrylates and its derivatives, metharylates and its derivatives, styrene and its derivatives, acrylamide, methacrylamide, dimethacrylamide, N-monosubstituted acrylamide, N-monosubstituted methacrylamide, N,N-bissubstituted acrylamide, N,N-bissubstituted methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, vinyl pyrolidone, vinyl ether, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. This invention also provides a chemical process for making the chemically coated surface for the electrophoretic separation application. The process comprises: (a) contacting the support surface with a coupling agent solution, then (b) contacting the support surface with a first living radical polymerizing solution, and optionally (c) contacting the support surface with a second living radical polymerizing solution.

Abstract: Provided is a thermoplastic resin structure formed of a resin composition that comprises substantially (a) from 5 to 80% by volume of a polyamide resin and (b) from 20 to 95% by volume of a polyphenylene sulfide resin, which is characterized in that, in morphology therein seen through electronic microscopy, the polyphenylene sulfide resin (b) forms a matrix phase (continuous phase) and the polyamide resin (a) forms a disperse phase. The gives plastic containers, tubes and their Attached parts having good barrier properties, strength, durability and workability.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming an antibacterial layer containing a metal-modified apatite. First, an apatite-containing liquid is prepared, which contains both an inorganic coating agent and 0.01˜5 wt % of metal-modified apatite powder. Then, the apatite-containing liquid is applied to an object. The applied liquid is dried and hardened to form the desired antibacterial layer.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device which has an electroluminescent layer formed of a binuclear, trinuclear or polynuclear rare earth organic complex in which the metals are linked through a bridging ligand.

Abstract: There is provided an electroluminescence device capable of causing an inorganic compound to emit light at a direct current voltage (low voltage), and whose luminescent color can be changed by dispersing the inorganic compound in an organic compound layer as an emissive layer. There is provided an electroluminescence device for emitting light through recombination of a hole injected from an anode and an electron injected from a cathode, wherein a single organic compound layer or plural organic compound layers are provided between the anode and the cathode, and an inorganic compound is dispersed in at least one layer of the organic compound layers.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element comprising: a pair of electrodes; and at least one organic layer provided between the pair of electrodes, at least one of the at least one organic layer being a light emitting layer, wherein the light emitting layer comprises at least one transition metal complex represented by the formula (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) as defined herein or an iridium complex represented by the formula (A), (6), (7) or (8) as defined herein.

Abstract: Phosphor particles having coatings comprising certain light emitting small molecules and light-emitting devices employing these phosphor particles and light-emitting small molecules are provided. Also provided are light-emitting devices employing a layer of phosphor material that is covered by at least one layer that contains light-emitting small molecules, and methods of making same.

Abstract: A ferroelectric film wherein 5 to 40 mol % in total of at least one of Nb, V, and W is included in the B site of a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ferroelectric which includes at least four-fold coordinated Si4+ or Ge4+ in the A site ion of a ferroelectric perovskite material in an amount of 1% or more. This enables to significantly improve reliability of the ferroelectric film.