Abstract: A light diffusing body and transmission type screen, which can reduce the shift of the color tone of the light source light seen through the light diffusing body and prevent the phenomenon that the white light source seen through the light diffusing body looks colored, is provide. The light diffusing body 1 of the present invention comprises a transparent resin and spherical micro-particles having a different refractive index from that of the said transparent resin, wherein the relation between the maximum value (Emax) and the minimum value (Emax) of the effective scattering efficiency values (E) obtained for each center wavelength in the wavelength ranges of blue, green and red by dividing the sum of scattering cross-sections of all spherical micro-particles contained in the unit area of the aforementioned light diffusing body 1 by the sum of geometrical cross-sections of all these spherical micro-particles satisfies Emin/Emax?0.90.

Abstract: A paint substitute film 1 is provided which has an excellent property that permits universal application to a variety of components, for example to a complexly shaped component, without decreasing marketability of the component due to undesirable change in color. The paint substitute film 1 includes a color coat 3 which contains metallic pigments 5 and orientation inhibitors 6 for inhibiting orientation of the metallic pigments 5. When the paint substitute film 1 is bonded onto an exterior component of an automobile or the like, the paint substitute film 1 is drawn, but the orientation inhibitors 6 each serve as an obstacle to prevent the metallic pigments 5 from being uniformly oriented toward a direction parallel to the drawing direction. Accordingly, even after the paint substitute film 1 is drawn, rays of light incident on the film 1 diffuses upon reflection off the metallic pigments 5, and thus unfavorable alteration of color in the film 1 can be prevented.

Abstract: A multi layer composite having oil and grease resistance comprising: a) a paper or paperboard substrate, b) a base coat on a surface of said substrate comprising a first polymer selected from the group consisting of film forming natural and synthetic polymers in the substantial absence of a mineral pigment filler, and c) a top coat on a surface of said base coat, said top coat comprising a continuous polymer phase comprising one or more film forming synthetic polymers having dispersed therein at least one platy mineral pigment and at least one non-platy mineral pigment. This invention also relates to a method of making the composite and articles of manufacture fabricated totally or in part from the composite of this invention where oil and grease resistance is required or desired, such as container, bags and wraps for packaging oily or greasy materials such as animal and human food.

Abstract: Described are photochromic articles that include a substrate, a temperature dependent reducing amount of at least one organic photochromic material (b) that changes from more absorbing to less absorbing of radiation in its activating spectral absorbance as the temperature increases from 10° C. to 35° C. and at least one other photochromic material (c) that is different from photochromic material (b). In the article, photochromic material (b) is interposed between photochromic material (c) and a source of activating radiation. The photochromic article demonstrates a more consistent photochromic response, for example, an optical density response loss of 50 percent or less over a temperature range of from 10° C. to 35° C. as measured in the Photochromic Temperature Dependence Test. Methods for producing the aforedescribed articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass substrate including a glass sheet, a thin film containing silica as its main component, and a group of metal oxide particles separated from one another, the metal oxide particles and the thin film being stacked on the glass sheet in that order from the glass sheet side, wherein the average height of the metal oxide particles is 10 to 100 nm. The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing the glass substrate, the method including forming a group of metal oxide particles by a thermal decomposition method including an inorganic metal chloride as a raw material.

Abstract: A composition for forming an insulating film comprising at least one of a compound represented by formula (I), a hydrolysate of the compound represented by formula (I) and a condensate of the compound represented by formula (I): wherein R1 to R7 each independently represents an organic group, and R1 to R7 are the same or different. And an insulating film obtained by a process, the process comprising using the compound represented by formula (I) as a starting material.

Abstract: A reactive fluorinated polymer having polyester and polyether segments is mixed with a reactive melamine resin to form a coating composition. The polyether segment can include monomeric units from an oxetane monomer having pendant fluorine groups that are linked to the oxetane via an ether group. The melamine resin can be a lower alkyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde. The composition can be disposed on a substrate and treated to form a laminate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-flammable heat-resistant resin composition that is provided with (A) modified polyamideimide resin, (B) thermosetting resin and (C) organic phosphor-based compound, and a cured film, obtained from the non-flammable heat-resistant resin composition, exerts a storage elastic modulus of 700 MPa or less, a coefficient of thermal expansion of 5×10?3/K or less and an internal stress of 20 MPa or less, in a temperature range of 25 to 250° C., and the present invention also relates to an adhesive film using the resin composition.

Abstract: A salt sensitive polymeric binder for use in fibrous webs, where the binder contains a copolymer incorporating the residue of vinyl acetate, a carboxylic acid, and a vinyl ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid moiety. The copolymer is neutralized at least to the extent that it is water soluble. The binders are particularly suitable for strengthening non-woven fibrous webs in disposable articles such as wet-wipes, personal care products, diapers, and the like.

Abstract: Fine-grained (average grain size 1 nm to 1,000 nm) metallic coatings optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein are disclosed. The fine-grained metallic materials are significantly harder and stronger than conventional coatings of the same chemical composition due to Hall-Petch strengthening and have low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). The invention provides means for matching the CTE of the fine-grained metallic coating to the one of the substrate by adjusting the composition of the alloy and/or by varying the chemistry and volume fraction of particulates embedded in the coating. The fine-grained metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling. The low CTEs and the ability to match the CTEs of the fine-grained metallic coatings with the CTEs of the substrate minimize dimensional changes during thermal cycling and prevent premature failure.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to electroluminescent Pt(II) complexes which have emission maxima across the visible spectrum, and devices that are made with the Pt(II) complexes.

Abstract: A phosphorescent Ir complex having the following structures (I) or (II) is used as an emitter in an organic light emitting diode (OLED): wherein X is an arbitrary monoanionic bidentate ligand; Z is an arbitrary moiety constituting a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; R1 is a substituent on the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; m is 0 or a positive integer; R2 and R3 independently are H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, a halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenyl C1-C6 alkyl, amino, aryl, heterocyclic aryl substituent.

Abstract: An organometallic complex, comprises at least one transition metal, at least one first monoanionic bidentate ligand coordinated through a nitrogen on a heteroaromatic ring and a carbon, and at least one second ligand selected from a hydride and a ligand coordinated through a carbon atom which is part of an aromatic group. Methods for making the complex and its uses in electronic devices are also presented.

Abstract: A high temperature fuel cell generator (10) having a housing (12) containing a top air feed plenum (80), a bottom fuel inlet (54), a fuel reaction generator chamber (62) containing fuel cells (42) and a reacted fuel-reacted air combustion chamber (38) above the fuel reaction generator chamber (62), where inlet air (14) can be heated internally within the housing in at least one interior heat transfer zone/block (92) located between the reacted fuel-reacted air combustion chamber (38) and the air feed plenum (80).

Abstract: The fuel cell system has a fuel cell unit and a catalytically active reactor unit (3) for at least partial chemical transformation of an operating medium stream (1), especially a reformer, gas purifier stage and/or a combustor, in which the catalytically active reactor unit (3) has a variable catalytically active reactor volume (4) acted on by the operating medium stream. To provide the fuel cell system with a higher efficiency and good dynamic behavior the catalytically active reactor unit is provided with at least one control device (5, 8, 11, 12, 13) for controlling and/or for changing the variable catalytically active reactor volume (4) acted on by the operating medium stream (1).

Abstract: A dielectric assembly for electrically insulating a manifold or other component from a liquid electrolyte fuel cell stack wherein the dielectric assembly includes a substantially impermeable dielectric member over which electrolyte is able to flow and a barrier adjacent the dielectric member and having a porosity of less than 50% and greater than 10% so that the barrier is able to measurably absorb and chemically react with the liquid electrolyte flowing on the dielectric member to form solid products which are stable in the liquid electrolyte. In this way, the barrier inhibits flow or creepage of electrolyte from the dielectric member to the manifold or component to be electrically insulated from the fuel cell stack by the dielectric assembly.

Abstract: A fuel cell is disclosed having a separator that can minimize damage to a membrane electrode assembly. The separator advantageously has a groove therein approximately positioned over an outer edge of an electrode of the fuel cell to reduce any pressure between the separator and the outer edge of the electrode upon assembly and during use thereafter.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including a combined injector/ejector system. The pressure of a hydrogen gas being injected into the fuel cell system by the injector acts as a pump that draws an anode exhaust gas being carried by the ejector back into the fuel cell system. The respective gases mix together in proximity to the ejector prior to being introduced back into the fuel cell system. A pressure controller can be provided to control the pressure of the hydrogen gas applied to the injector to more effectively draw the anode exhaust gas. In this manner, the need for a separate pump for the ejector, and the energy required for its operation, is eliminated or at least lessened, thus increasing the overall energy efficiency of the fuel cell system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell having two or more stacked units each containing a first separator in which a manifold and fuel gas passage section are formed, first seal sheet which seals the first separator periphery, membrane electrode assembly, second seal sheet which seals a second separator periphery and second separator in which a manifold and oxidizing gas passage section are formed, in this order, wherein each of the fuel gas passage section and oxidizing gas passage section is in communication with the corresponding manifold. Comb teeth structure having comb teeth are provided between the fuel gas passage section and manifold and between the oxidizing gas passage section and manifold in a diffusion layer on the membrane electrode assembly, wherein slits spaces formed between the comb teeth are in communication with the diffusion layer.

Abstract: To provide an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell comprising inexpensive materials substituting for a precious metal catalyst such as platinum, and a fuel cell using the same. Poly (furfuryl alcohol) containing ferrocene is prepared by dissolving ferrocene corresponding to 1 to 3 wt % on the iron atomic basis in furfuryl alcohol, adding hydrochloric acid (2 mol/dm3) thereto as a polymerization initiator, and then polymerizing them in the air at 70° C. for 48 hours. Random layers 2 developed into onion-like lamination layers around iron particles are produced by heating this poly (furfuryl alcohol) up to 700° C. at a temperature rising rate of 150° C./h, and then holding the state for an hour to carbonize it. The iron carbon complex having this structure of the random layers 2 is applied especially to the cathode side as the electrode catalyst, to form the cells for the fuel cell.

Abstract: A battery assembly comprises a battery and a housing adapted for use in an environment often exposed to water. The housing preferably has recessed portions spaced far apart at the top end thereof, with electrical terminals disposed in the recessed portions. The recessed portions are configured to securely receive corresponding downward-facing compartments disposed at the top of the battery, wherein the compartments have recessed openings housing electrical terminals. Accordingly, the electrical terminals of the housing are configured to contact the electrical terminals of the battery when the battery's compartments are disposed in the housing's recessed portions, forming a substantially watertight seal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a redox flow cell containing a polyhalide/halide redox couple in the positive half-cell electrolyte and a V(III)/V(II) redox couple in the negative half-cell electrolyte. The invention also relates to a method of producing electricity by discharging the fully charged or partially charged redox flow cell, and a method of charging the discharged or partially discharged redox flow cell.

Abstract: A printed battery has a flexible backing sheet, a first conductive layer printed on said sheet; a first electrode printed on the first conductive layer; a second electrode layer printed on said first electrode layer; and a second conductive layer printed on said second electrode layer.

Abstract: A bipolar battery includes a bipolar electrode and an electrolyte layer. The bipolar electrode includes a current collector, a positive electrode layer formed on one surface of the current collector, and a negative electrode layer formed on the other surface of the current collector. The bipolar electrode is sequentially laminated to provide connection in series via the electrolyte layer to form a stack structure. The positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer and the electrolyte layer are potted with a resin portion.

Abstract: A device manufacturing method capable of imaging structures on one side of a substrate aligned to markers on the other side, is presented herein. One embodiment of the present invention comprises providing a first substrate having first and second surfaces, patterning the first surface of the substrate with at least one reversed alignment marker, providing a protective layer over the alignment marker, and bonding the first surface of the first substrate to a second substrate. The embodiment further includes locally etching the first substrate as far as the protective layer to form a trench around the reversed alignment marker, and forming at least one patterned layer on the second surface using a lithographic projection apparatus having a front-to-backside alignment system while aligning the substrate to the alignment markers revealed in each trench.

Abstract: An improved organophotoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element comprising: (a) a charge transport material having the formula where X1 and X2 are, each independently, a linking group; Ar comprises an aromatic group; R1, R2, and R3 comprise, each independently, H, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group; and n is a distribution of integers between 1 and 100,000 with an average value of greater than one; and (b) a charge generating compound. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses, imaging methods, and methods of forming the charge transport material are described.

Abstract: Improved organophotoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element comprising: (a) a charge transport material having the formula where Y1 and Y2 are, each independently, an arylamine group; R1 and R2 comprise, each independently, H, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group; X1 and X2, each independently, are bridging groups; E1 and E2 are, each independently, an epoxy group; and Z is a linking group comprising an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group; and (b) a charge generating compound. The charge transport materials can be crosslinked to a polymeric bind, either directly or through a crosslinking agent. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses and imaging methods are described.

Abstract: A magenta toner is provided which contains at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a wax, in which a maximum heat-absorption peak temperature as measured using a differential scanning calorimeter, a reflectance at a predetermined wavelength when measured in a powder state by spectroscopic analysis, and lightness when measured in a powder form are in specific ranges. A full-color image is formed using the magenta toner as a pale magenta toner in combination with a deep magenta toner. According to the present invention, it becomes possible to form a vivid image which has reduced graininess and roughness from a low-density region to a high-density region, ensures a sufficient fixing temperature region, has a color reproduction range wider that the conventional one, and has high transparency on an OHP sheet.

Abstract: Toner particles comprise resin, wax and optionally colorants, and the wax is substantially excluded from the interior core of the toner particles. Processes for preparing such toner particles comprise providing an aqueous dispersion of resin particles and optionally colorants, mixing the aqueous dispersion in presence of a coagulant, aggregating to form particles, coalescing to form fused particles, and removing the fused particles from the aqueous dispersion. Wax dispersions can be added either after mixing or during aggregation, so that wax is excluded from the core of the toner particles.

Abstract: A carrier for use with a toner as a two-component type developer for developing an electrostatic image, comprising spherical magnetic core particles, and a resin layer covering each of said core particles and containing at least two resistance controlling materials having different specific resistances, wherein each of the resistance controlling materials is in the form of particles having a number average particle diameter of no more than 1/10 of a number average particle diameter of the toner.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a liquid electrographic toner composition are provided, wherein a polymeric binder comprising at least one amphipathic copolymer comprising one or more S material portions and one or more D material portions is first prepared in a reaction solvent, wherein the reaction solvent comprises less than about 10% aromatic components by weight and has a Kauri-Butanol number less than about 30 mL. Toner particles are then formulated in the reaction solvent and dried. The dried toner particles are then redispersed in a carrier liquid that has substantially the same chemical constitution as the reaction solvent to form a redispersed liquid electrographic toner composition. Products and kits are also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a radiation sensitive refractive index changing composition containing an inorganic oxide particle, a polymerizable compound, a radiation sensitive decomposer and an escapable compound. The radiation sensitive decomposer decomposes upon exposure to radiation to form an acid, base or radical, and this decomposed product increases the molecular weight of the polymerizable compound.

Abstract: A top anti-reflective coating material (TARC) and barrier layer, and the use thereof in lithography processes, is disclosed. The TARC/barrier layer may be especially useful for immersion lithography using water as the imaging medium. The TARC/barrier layer comprises a polymer which comprises at least one silicon-containing moiety and at least one aqueous base soluble moiety. Suitable polymers include polymers having a silsesquioxane (ladder or network) structure, such as polymers containing monomers having the structure: where R1 comprises an aqueous base soluble moiety, and x is from about 1 to about 1.95, more preferably from about 1 to about 1.75.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of a plurality of pattern formed bodies which makes it possible that even if the pattern formed bodies are continuously manufactured, their property varied patterns are each made into a target pattern form with high precision.

Abstract: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (“SARS”) is a human respiratory disease of recent origin, widespread infectivity, recurring incidence, and significant mortality. Although there is abundant evidence suggesting that the coronavirus responsible for the disease (“SARS-CoV”) evolves during an outbreak, there is currently little data on the earliest strains of this coronavirus. The present invention is directed to the characterization of the genomic RNA sequences of these earliest SARS coronaviruses, to the identification of nucleotide positions within the SARS-CoV genomic RNA that are characteristic of the different evolutionary stages of the coronavirus, to kits based on these positions for use in diagnosis of the disease in patients, and for the development of vaccines to the disease based on the lowered virulence and contagiousness of these earliest strains of SARS-CoV.

Abstract: A combinatorial method for discovering or optimizing materials is disclosed. The method uses solution-based components that are mixed and dispensed into regions on a substrate for drying and/or heat-treating. The drying and/or heat-treating produces materials that can be tested for a desired property.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transfection of cells using at least one protein capable of forming nucleoprotein filaments, wherein the protein is initially modified with at least one functional component which influences one or more steps of the transfection, the nucleic acid to be transfected is then loaded with the modified protein, whereby the nucleic acid and the protein form a filament-like complex, and this complex is finally added to the cells to be transfected. The invention further relates to a transfection agent consisting of nucleoprotein filaments (NPF), with at least one nucleoprotein filament-forming protein being modified with at least one functional component for the transfection. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of the transfection agent according to the invention for producing a drug for gene therapeutic treatment of humans and animals.

Abstract: A nucleic acid amplification method, and probes for use within the method are described.

Abstract: A vaccine against disease caused by papilloma viruses is described in certain embodiments, as well as certain vectors, obtainable by the following methods: (a) one or more expression vectors that contain the DNA code for a structural protein of papilloma viruses or a fragment thereof are injected into mammals, whereby in at least some of the expression vectors randomly generated heterologous sequences are inserted into the DNA code (b) serums are obtained from the mammals and these are tested for the presence of antibodies against particles of various papilloma virus types, and (c) using the serums tested, the structural protein gene clones are identified that code for a polyvalent vaccine, and (d) the vaccine is produced from them. Procedures for producing a vaccine is also described, together with its use for vaccination against diseases caused by papilloma viruses.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extraction method for isolating target molecules from a sample using a microfluidic carrier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a purified and isolated nucleic acid encoding a sodium/iodide symporter. The present invention also provides purified sodium/iodide symporter, a vector comprising nucleic acid encoding sodium/iodide symporter, a host cell transformed with the vector, and a method for producing recombinant sodium/iodide symporter. In addition, the present invention provides nucleic acid probes and mixtures thereof specific for sodium/iodide symporter nucleic acid and antibodies immunoreactive with sodium/iodide symporter. The present invention also provides a method for diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders associated with non-functional sodium/iodide symporter. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for the selective ablation of tissue. The present invention also provides a method for identifying an iodide transport protein in non-thyroid tissue. Finally, the present invention provides a non-human, transgenic model for a thyroid disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to molecular constructs and methods of their use in detecting biochemical reactions. In particular, the invention relates to a molecular construct having a capture portion and a substrate portion, where the capture portion isolates the construct from a sample medium, and the substrate portion enables the construct to be acted upon and undergo a physical change which can be detected and measured. These molecular constructs may be used in diagnostic assays, genetic screening for potential risks of certain diseases in individuals, and drug discovery and toxicogenomics, using high throughput screening of compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying a target nucleotide sequence. This method involves forming a ligation product on a target nucleotide sequence in a ligase detection reaction mixture, amplifying the ligation product to form an amplified ligation product in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mixture, detecting the amplified ligation product, and identifying the target nucleotide sequence. Such coupling of the ligase detection reaction and the polymerase chain reaction permits multiplex detection of nucleic acid sequence differences.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an allele specific primer which is accompanied by less possibility of the false positive and enables definite discrimination when a base immediately adjacent to on the 3? side of a target SNP base is G, while a base adjacent with one base spaced apart is T. According to the present invention, the 3? end base is designed to be the base corresponding to SNP; the second base from the 3? end to be T or G; the third base from the 3? end to be G or C; and the base sequence of from the fourth from the 3? end to the 5? end base to be completely complementary to the sequence of from a base three bases away from the target SNP base on the 3? side to a desired base.

Abstract: A linker compound has a structure represented by general formula (1) below, where n is an integer of 1 to 6, and X has a structure serving as a multi-branched structure moiety including three or four hydrocarbon derivative chains each having an aromatic amino group at an end and a carbon-nitrogen bond in a backbone.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods relating to avian leptin receptor binding domains. The present invention demonstrates that these compositions are useful for detecting the presence of leptin in a sample and distinguishing free leptin from bound leptin in multiple species. Methods and kits are presented for determining free leptin in a sample from an individual by assaying a sample for the binding of leptin to an avian leptin receptor binding domain, and detecting the bound leptin by using a labeled anti-leptin antibody.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel CK?-5 protein which is a member of the alpha chemokine family. In particular, isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided encoding the human CK?-5 protein. CK?-5 polypeptides are also provided, as are vectors, host cells and recombinant methods for producing the same. Antibodies and fragments thereof that specifically bind to CK?-5 polypeptides are also disclosed, as are compositions and methods for making such antibodies. The invention further relates to screening methods for identifying agonists and antagonists of CK?-5 activity. Also provided are diagnostic methods for detecting immune system-related disorders and therapeutic methods for treating immune system-related disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel lacrimal gland protein (designated lacritin) and the nucleic acid sequences encoding that protein. Lacritin has activity as a growth factor on both human corneal epithelial cells and on the lacrimal acinar cells that produce it. Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention is directed to the use of lacritin to treat Dry Eye and other disorders requiring the wetting of the eye.

Abstract: The invention provides an isolated polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25. The invention also provides an isolated polypeptide containing an amino acid sequence having at least 50% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 14 and an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25, or a conservative variant thereof. The invention further provides an isolated polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12. The invention also provides a method for identifying a compound that modulates a FP receptor variant by contacting an isolated FP receptor variant or a FP receptor variant over-expressed in a genetically engineered cell with a compound and determining the level of an indicator which correlates with modulation of a FP receptor variant, where an alteration in the level of the indicator as compared to a control level indicates that the compound is a compound that modulates the FP receptor variant.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ependymal neural CNS stem cell, which cell expresses the surface protein Notch 1 together with at least one surface protein chosen from the group of Notch 2, Notch 3, CAR (transmembrane protein binding adenovirus) and CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), and which cell also comprises at least one cilium. The invention also relates to preparations, including pharmaceutical preparations, comprising ependymal neural CNS stem cells, in vitro and in vivo assays based thereon and various other uses of the novel ependymal cells according to the invention.