Abstract: In a self-referencing instrument for measuring electromagnetic radiation, a mounting member to which a sample can be coupled moves the sample such that, in a first position, the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the sample, and, in a second position, the electromagnetic radiation does not impinge on the sample. A detection unit receives the electromagnetic radiation from the sample and generates a sample signal when the sample is in the first position, and the detection unit receives the electromagnetic radiation from the source and generates a reference signal when the sample is in the second position. A processor coupled to the detection unit processes the reference signal and the sample signal. This results in a continuous, accurate reference measurement, and permits the instrument to efficiently compensate for error, while offering accurate measurements.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring at least selected component in a composition can include: (a) a broadband light source, (b) an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF), (c) means for generating a beam of light from the light source and directing the beam of light at the AOTF wherein the AOTF is tuned to pass detection light having a desired wavelength range to detect the presence of the at least one component in the composition, (d) means for directing the detection light of known wavelength to the composition, (e) detection means for receiving light that emerges from the composition, and (f) a control signal generator configured to provide the AOTF with at least one desired wavelength range that is characteristic of the least one component in the composition. As an example, the sensor can be used to measure the thickness of optically transparent films.

Abstract: An optical metrology system includes model approximation logic for generating an optical model based on experimental data. By eliminating theoretical model generation, in which the fundamental equations of a test sample must be solved, the model approximation logic significantly reduces the computational requirements of the metrology system when measuring films formed on patterned base layers. The experimental model can be created by selecting an expected mathematical form for the final model, gathering experimental data, and compiling a lookup model. The lookup model can include the actual measurement data sorted by output (attribute) value, or can include “grating factors” that represent compensation factors that, when applied to standard monolithic model equations, compensate for the optical effects of grating layers.

Abstract: An ellipsometric apparatus provides two impinging focused probe beams directed to reflect off the sample along two mutually distinct and preferably substantially perpendicular directions. A rotating stage rotates sections of the wafer into the travel area defined by two linear axes of two perpendicularly oriented linear stages. As a result, an entire wafer is accessed for measurement with the linear stages having a travel range of only half the wafer diameter. The reduced linear travel results in a small travel envelope occupied by the wafer and, consequently, a small footprint of the apparatus. The use of two perpendicularly directed probe beams permits measurement of periodic structures along a preferred direction while permitting the use of a reduced motion stage.

Abstract: A process photometer which includes an insulated and a non-insulated compartment. The insulated compartment is maintained at a relatively constant, elevated temperature. The radiation source, a rotatable filter wheel, a radiation detector, and a means for converting analog output to a digital signal are among the components within the insulated compartment. The non-insulated compartment houses a power supply.

Abstract: A microscope includes a photon source which sequentially generates sets of quantum-mechanically entangled photons including at least two photons, a lens which focuses a set of photons, an actuator which varies a relative distance between a focal position of the lens and a specimen with a minute displacement, a detector detecting photons transmitted through or scattered by the specimen, and a counter counting coincidence detections of n-numbers of photons with the detector during a gating time which is set so that a rate that a number of photons detected during thereof belong to a single set of quantum-mechanically entangled photons exceeds a predetermined rate depending on the varied relative distance.

Abstract: Scanning interferometry data for a test object is provided, the data typically including intensity values for each of multiple scan positions for each of different spatial locations of the test object. The intensity values for each spatial location define an interference signal for the spatial location, and the intensity values for a common scan position define a data set for that scan position. Scan values are provided for each scan position, in which scan value increments between various scan values can be non-uniform. Information is determined about the test object based on the scanning interferometry data and scan values. The determination includes transforming at least some of the interference signals into a frequency domain with respect to the scan values.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for analyzing a scanning interferometry signal. A scanning interferometry signal is provided that is produced by a scanning interferometer for a first location of a test object (e.g., a sample having a thin film). A model function of the scanning interferometry signal is provided which is produced by the scanning interferometer. The model function is parametrized by one or more parameter values. The model function is fit to the scanning interferometry signal for each of a series of shifts in scan position between the model function and the scanning interferometry signal by varying the parameter values. Information is determined about the test object (e.g., a surface height or height profile, and/or a thickness or thickness profile for a thin film in the test object) at the first location based on the fitting.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the invention features a method for determining the location of an alignment mark on a stage including measuring a location, x1, of a stage along a first measurement axis using an interferometer, measuring a location, x2, of the stage along a second measurement axis substantially parallel to the first measurement axis, and determining a location of the alignment mark along a third axis substantially parallel to the first measurement axis based on x1, x2, and a correction term, ?3, calculated from predetermined information including information characterizing imperfections in the interferometer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a non-destructive method and apparatus for measuring the 3D topography of a sample having periodic microstructure deposited onto the surface, or deposited onto a film, or buried into the film or sample. In particular, the present invention relates to an optical system and method utilizing polarized light beam, diffracted from the repeated structure, to measure its spatial geometry giving parameters such as profile height, profile widths, sidewall angles, and arbitrary profile shape. The optical system employs a broadband or semi-monochromatic light source to produce a light beam that is polarized and focused onto the periodic structure being measured. The focused beam consists of a whole range of illumination angles that is provided to the structure simultaneously. Transmitted or reflected diffracted light generated by the interaction of the light with the periodic structure is collected by an imaging detector system.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a receiving unit for receiving image information, a storage unit for storing the image information received by the receiving unit, an output unit for outputting the image information received by the receiving unit, a discriminating unit for discriminating among modes used when the image information is output by the output unit, and a control unit in which after the image information is output by the output unit in accordance with discrimination by the discriminating unit, the control unit performs control so that the image information output by the output unit is not stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: A system and method for proper authorization of printing services is described. The system and method allows networks to control which users have access to printing services and the type of services they may utilize. In one exemplary implementation, the system supports a communications link, an agent, and a server. The agent provides an interface connection between a user and the communications link. The agent also assigns an authorization code to a header of a print job sent by the user. A monitoring device for the communications link receives the print job and verifies whether the authorization code is valid, prior to permitting the print job to be sent to a printer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a storage device that enables identification data to be readily rewritten and ensures normal completion of a data writing operation in a short time period. In the storage device of the invention, an ID comparator determines whether or not identification data transmitted from a host computer coincides with identification data stored in a memory array. In the case of coincidence, the ID comparator sends an access enable signal EN to an operation code decoder. The operation code decoder analyzes a write/read command, switches over a direction of data transfer with regard to the memory array based on a result of the analysis, and requires an I/O controller to change a high impedance setting of a signal line connecting with a data terminal DT. This series of processing allows access to an address in the memory array specified by a count on an address counter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for transmitting and storing print jobs sent via e-mail. A first embodiment entails sending a document to be printed as an e-mail attachment to an e-mail enabled printer. The printer extracts the document from the e-mail attachment and performs any necessary decompression, decoding, and translation. The document may be placed in a print queue for printing and/or the document may be stored in a job retention area of printer memory. Preferably, the e-mail, which delivers the print job to the document to the printer, may specify various print settings for printing the document, as well as storage options and access rights if the document data is stored in job retention. In a second embodiment, an e-mail enabled print server is configured to extract documents sent as attachments to an e-mail and to distribute the print jobs to a network printer.

Abstract: In an image processing apparatus, connected via an external bus to at least an external controller and an external storage device, input image data is processed by an image processor 2, then processed image data 1 and image data 2 are simultaneously stored into respective areas of an image buffer 4. The image data 1 is read from the image buffer 4 while it is stored in the image buffer, and the read image data 1 is processed by an image processor 5. The image data is outputted through an image output controller 6 and a bus I/F unit 1 to an external storage device 903 via an external bus 101. At this time, the result of processing on frame data by the image processor is preserved in correspondence with output of the image data 1 for one frame, and image processing and output processing on the image data 2 stored in the image buffer, for one frame, is started.

Abstract: An online print system including a server and a print apparatus capable of communicating with the server via the Internet is provided. The print apparatus receives display page data from the server, analyzes the display page data and requests the server to print the display page data in accordance with link information included in the display page data. The server obtains the print page data using the link information, forms an index file including information indicating outlines of respective pages of the print page data, and transmits the index file to the print apparatus. The print apparatus receives the index file together with the print page data from the server apparatus and displays the index file. A page to be subjected to printing is designated on the basis of the displayed index file and the designated page is printed on the basis of the print page data.

Abstract: A host that controls jobs of a printer obtains client identifying information within a job control request, which is received from a terminal, while obtaining the job information and client identifying information of the print request from the printer, and storing the same in a job information storage unit. For each job included in the job information that is obtained from the printer, a job control capability determiner compares the client identifying information (of print requester) and client identifying information of the terminal that made a control request. When both of the client identifying information is identical, it is determined that the control is allowed. When it is not identical, it is determined that the control is not allowed.

Abstract: In a printing management system of the invention, multiple printing devices 50a and 50b are connected via a network 22 with an information management apparatus 30 that manages the whole system, and are divided into plural blocks according to language, currency, and geographical factors. A jurisdiction management server 40 is provided in each of the plural blocks and is connected to the network 22. The information management apparatus 30 receives expendable consumption data regarding an expendable consumed by each of the multiple printing devices 50a and 50b at regular time intervals and transfers the received expendable consumption data to the corresponding jurisdiction management server 40 in the group to which the printing device belongs.

Abstract: An image data communication apparatus is connected to an image data source and to a network, and transmits image data attached to an e-mail to a receiving apparatus via the network. The e-mail including a mail from command and a mail message. The image data communication apparatus comprises a memory which stores a default mail address and a panel section which inputs a mail address of a user into the image data communication apparatus. The image data communication apparatus comprises a controller which sets the default mail address into the mail message of the e-mail to which the image data is attached when the mail address of the user is not input by the panel section, and sets the mail address of the user input by the panel section into the mail message of the e-mail to which the image data is attached when the mail address of the user is input by the panel section. Thus, a reply to the e-mail is returned to the mail address of the user.

Abstract: A print device for printing data for a client comprises a wireless communications port for receiving a reference communicated from the client, with the reference comprising at least a location for print content. The print device further comprises a network communications port for communicating with the location to obtain the print content. The invention further comprises a program product embodiment for causing a print device to receive a reference from a client and to obtain print content from a location indicated by the reference.

Abstract: In a printhead in which a plurality of printing elements arranged in a predetermined direction and a driving circuit for driving the printing elements are formed on a single substrate, the printing elements are classified into a plurality of groups. A selection circuit for selecting a printing element to be driven in each group, and data supply circuits for supplying driving data to the driving circuit for driving each printing element through any of a plurality of paths are arranged on the substrate. This realizes high-speed operation while suppressing increases in wiring length and substrate area even upon an increase in the number of printing elements and reducing the cost and generation of malfunctions.

Abstract: In a data processing apparatus which forms a file having a plurality of pages on the basis of image data obtained by sequentially reading images on a plurality of originals, forms a file having the attribute information and end information representing the end of the file for each page, and transmits the file, when file creation processing is interrupted midway during file creation, the end information of the file is added at the interrupt time, thereby transmitting a normal file. In addition, data to be formed into one file is divided into a plurality of blocks in units of pages, and a plurality of files each having end information are sequentially transmitted. At this time, information for allowing the receiving side to convert the divided files into one file is transmitted.

Abstract: A color image processing device includes n line sensors which are arranged with a prescribed interval L between one another, an image signal output unit which outputs image signals under a prescribed cycle from the line sensors and a line memory which stores the image signals for a plurality of lines and outputs the image signals with a delay. A control unit is provided for controlling to input one of the image signals of a certain cycle into the line memory, and to output an image signal from the line memory by delaying a certain number of lines, in accordance with a prescribed rate of magnification N.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for processing digital multi-colour images for the reproduction thereof on a colour printing and/or copying system. Image dots of marking particles of the respective colours associated with the respective colour separation images are positioned contiguous to each other as long as the print area corresponding to the image part to be reproduced is not fully covered so as to create a first layer of marking particles. If the area is fully covered and the image is not yet completely rendered, a second and any following layer of contiguously positioned marking particles is formed on top of the first layer of image dots. The halftoning of the digital image is such that within the same layer all images dots, irrespective of their colour, are obtained using a raster of the same matrix structure, while image dots associated with different layers are obtained using rasters of different matrix structures.

Abstract: In a method for improving the color reproducibility of printed matter to be produced by a printing press in proof print produced by a proof press, a look-up table containing converted values of image data over the entire color space with respect to the proof press is created, the look-up table is corrected based on the color of a printing paper for the printing press and a paper exposed area factor in the proofing, and proof print is created by the use of the corrected look-up table.

Abstract: A gloss-imparting device for imparting a gloss on a color image, the gloss-imparting device has a transparent toner image-carrying body, a transparent toner image-forming unit, a heating/pressurizing unit, and a cooling/releasing unit. The transparent toner image-carrying body carries a transparent toner image formed of a transparent toner thereon. The transparent toner image-forming unit forms the transparent toner image on the transparent toner image-carrying body. The heating/pressurizing unit heats and pressurizes the transparent toner image and the base material to bring them into contact. The cooling/releasing unit cools the transparent toner image and releases the base material from the transparent toner image-carrying body. The transparent toner image is transferred and fixed onto the base material by the heating/pressurizing unit.

Abstract: According to an image processing method for performing color processing in accordance with a plurality of image objects, image data representing the plurality of image objects is input. The relationship between the plurality of image objects is analyzed. The plurality of image objects are grouped based on the result of analysis. The same color processing condition is set for the plurality of image objects belonging to the same group. Thus, the same color processing condition is set for the plurality of image objects divided from a single original image, thereby obtaining a high-quality output image.

Abstract: A data converting circuit to receive an input data and convert the input data into an output data is disclosed. An output data group corresponding to the value of the input data is stored beforehand in an output data table. A multiplexer receives the input data and in accordance with the input data, selectively outputs one data out of the output data group stored in the output data table. A specific digit output circuit receives the input data and in accordance with the result of comparing the input data with the boundary information stored in advance, outputs a specific digit output data included in the output data but not output by the multiplexer.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to enable appropriate interpolation even in a halftone image binarized by error diffusion or the like. While image reading signals from a hand scanner are inputted to an A/D conversion section and converted to multivalued digital signals, the presence or absence of a skip is detected by a skip acknowledgement section, and when a skip is detected, a selector is switched toward a multivalued image line buffer. Multivalued image data of one line is stored in the multivalued image line buffer, and interpolation processing is carried out in a binarization processing section by the use of the stored multivalued image data of one line. When a skip is not detected, the multivalued image data from the A/D conversion section is passed by the selector to the binarization processing section and binarized.

Abstract: This invention provides an image input system capable of setting an arbitrary imaging inhibited area. This system displays a map showing the positions of cameras arranged in an office and the directions in which these cameras can be aimed, or displays the view angles of the cameras. An operator designates an imaging inhibited area on the map. In accordance with the designated imaging inhibited area, a limiting direction is calculated for each camera, and each camera is so controlled as not to point in that direction. Even when cameras are fixed, the system controls display so that an imaging inhibited area is not displayed.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for modulating one or both of spectral phase and amplitude of a received optical signal. The apparatus includes a spatial dispersion mechanism for spatially dispersing the received optical signal to enable optical communication of the received optical signal to an array of modulators. The apparatus includes a modulating mechanism having a first modulating component and a second modulating component. A first portion of the spatially dispersed optical signal is incident on the first modulating component and a second portion of the spatially dispersed optical signal is incident on the second modulating portion. The apparatus further includes a controller coupled to the modulating mechanism. The controller is adapted for moving the first and second modulating components in a direction normal to their planes for modulating one or both of phase and amplitude of the received optical signal.

Abstract: Microelectronic devices and methods of packaging microelectronic devices are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes placing a plurality of singulated radiation responsive dies on a support member, electrically connecting circuitry of the radiation responsive dies to contacts of the support member, and forming a barrier on the support member between adjacent radiation responsive dies without an adhesive attaching the barrier to the support member. The barrier is formed on the support member after electrically connecting the circuitry of the dies to the contacts of the support member. The barrier can encapsulate at least a portion of the wire-bonds.

Abstract: A display is described, wherein the display includes surfaces arranged at a non-zero angle to one another. A least one of the surfaces may include an interferometric modulator. Compensation for color shift can be provided through the use of two or three surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, the surfaces having similar interferometric modulators. Methods of making such a display are also described. A brighter display can be provided through the use of three surfaces arranged orthogonally to one another, where each of the surfaces has an interferometric modulator which reflects a different color of light. Either additive or subtractive methods can be used to generate light of a particular color.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an array of MEMS devices includes the formation of support structures located at the edge of upper strip electrodes. A support structure is etched to form a pair of individual support structures located at the edges of a pair of adjacent electrodes. The electrodes themselves may be used as a hard mask during the etching of these support structures. A resultant array of MEMS devices includes support structures having a face located at the edge of an overlying electrode and coincident with the edge of the overlying electrode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for controlling positioning of an optical dithering element includes repeatedly driving the optical dithering element approximately between a plurality of desired positions by a generally periodic drive waveform. During a particular period of the drive waveform, the actual position of the optical dithering element is determined at a plurality of sample times. For each of the determined actual positions of the optical dithering element, a position error indicator is determined based upon whether the magnitude of the actual position is greater than, less than, or the same as a desired setpoint for the position of the optical dithering element. The method also includes generating an error signature for the particular period based on the determined error indicators and modifying the drive waveform in response to the error signature.

Abstract: In the image display device according to the first aspect of the invention, a liquid powder composed of a solid material stably floating as a dispersant in a gas and exhibiting a high fluidity in an aerosol state is sealed between opposed substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, and the liquid powder is moved. Moreover, in the image display device according to the second aspect of the invention, a porous spacer is arranged between opposed substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, a liquid powder composed of a solid material stably floating as a dispersant in gas and exhibiting a high fluidity in an aerosol state is sealed, and the liquid powder is moved.

Abstract: The invention provides particles for a display device having a positively or negatively chargeable property and color, and the particles have an abundance ratio of amorphous particles with a major axis to minor axis length ratio of approximately 1.2 or greater is approximately 5% or less by number.

Abstract: Provided are a broadband light source suitable for a pump light module for Raman amplification and a Raman amplifier which uses such light source. The broadband light source comprises a light source system for emitting light having two or more different output peak wavelengths and a nonlinear medium having an input port and an output port, and the nonlinear medium affords nonlinear effect on light emitted from the light source system and input from the input port, and outputs the resultant light as pump light from the output port. The Raman amplifier, which comprises an optical fiber for Raman amplification, a multiplexing module, and the broadband light source of the present invention, amplifies signal light propagating through the optical fiber for Raman amplification.

Abstract: An inverted fluorescence microscope is described which irradiates an excitation light onto a sample for observation of a fluorescent image of the sample. The fluorescence microscope includes (a) a transmissive illumination light source, which is arranged above a stage for placing the sample and the transmissive illumination light source is arranged facing a horizontal direction; (b) a tilt mirror, which reflects light from the transmissive illumination source and illuminates the sample on the stage from above; (c) a transmissive illumination optical unit including at least the tilt mirror is disposed so as to move in a direction in which the transmissive illumination optical unit is brought away from the stage from a normal position; and (d) a sample cover for shielding a light from the stage, wherein the sample cover is displaceable so as to expose the stage.

Abstract: In conventional optical isolators, an optical signal is dispersed by polarization or the characteristics are varied by heat generation in a garnet crystal. According to the invention, the crystal optical axis (3c) of rutile crystal (3) is oriented so that the separation directions of the ordinary ray (O) and the extraordinary ray (E) are perpendicular to the plane including the optical axes of optical fibers (10, 11). Furthermore, the focusing central optical axis (6c) of a focusing rod lens (6) is arranged parallel with optical axes of the optical fibers (10, 11) and at a substantially equal distance from the four rays, i.e. the ordinary ray (O) and the extraordinary ray (E) propagating along the optical axis of the optical fiber (10) and the ordinary ray (O) and the extraordinary ray (E) propagating along the optical axis of the optical fiber (11). An air gap (7) of about 200 [?m] is provided, as a heat insulating means, between the focusing rod lens (6) and a magnetized garnet crystal (8).

Abstract: A brightness enhanced reflective polarizer includes a reflective polarizer and a structured surface material.

Abstract: A numerical optimizing method serves to reduce harmful effects caused by intrinsic birefringence in lenses of a fluoride crystal material of cubic crystal structure in an objective, particularly a projection objective for a microlithography system. Under the optimizing method, an optimizing function which takes at least one birefringence-related image aberration into account is minimized. The birefringence-related image aberration is determined from a calculation for a light ray passing through the fluoride crystal lenses. To the extent that the birefringence-related image aberration is a function of parameters of the light ray, it depends only on geometric parameters of the light ray. The numerical optimizing method is used to produce objectives in which an optical retardation as well as an asymmetry of the optical retardation are corrected. The lenses are arranged in homogeneous groups, where each homogeneous group is corrected for the optical retardation asymmetry.

Abstract: A diffraction grating having multiple holographic optical elements (HOEs), including a Dickson grating and at least one other volume phase grating (VPG). In typical embodiments, the multi-HOE grating is implemented to provide high dispersion, at least substantially uniform diffraction efficiency and at least substantially equal diffraction efficiencies for all polarizations across a wide range of wavelengths. The refractive index modulations of the Dickson grating's volume phase medium preferably have significantly greater spatial frequency than those of each other VPG of the multi-HOE grating. Typical embodiments of the multi-HOE grating can be manufactured at low cost with sufficiently small size and high dispersion (for both S-polarized and P-polarized radiation) to be useful in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) applications and other applications requiring high dispersion. The multi-HOE grating can be implemented as a transmissive or reflective grating.

Abstract: An anti-reflection coating layer is formed between an under layer and a photoresist layer. The anti-reflection coating is characterized in a refraction value (n) of the anti-reflection coating layer, wherein n is a constant, and an extinction coefficient (k) of the anti-reflection coating layer, increasing in gradient toward the under layer. Thus, the substrate reflectivity with respect to different under layers can be substantially equal to 0 by controlling the k of the anti-reflection coating layer.

Abstract: A method for beam guiding of a light beam generated by a light source to a target location along a path distance LS, comprises splitting the light beam on the path distance LS at least once into a first partial beam and a second partial beam, guiding the first partial beam additionally at least once along a delay line, the first partial beam thereby covering an additional path distance LD, guiding the second partial beam only along the path distance LS, combining the first and second partial beams after the first partial beam having passed through the delay line and guiding the combined beam to the target location, wherein the light beam is guided along the path distance LS and LD in such a way that the light beam generated by the light source has a predetermined beam width B at the target location, expanding the light beam between the light source and the target location at least once to a beam width B?>B and comprising the light beam again at least once in such a way that the light beam has the predeterm

Abstract: A zoom lens is provided and has: a first lens of a negative lens; a second lens of a positive lens; an aperture stop; a third lens of a negative lens; and a fourth lens of a positive lens in this order from an object side of the zoom lens. A zooming operation of the zoom lens is performed by varying mutual distances among the first to fourth lenses, and the zoom lens satisfies specific conditional expressions.

Abstract: A camera having a lens barrel housed therein includes a reflection optical member for reflecting a light beam incident along a first optical axis (O1) from a subject so as to reflect the light beam toward a second optical axis (O2) intersecting the first optical axis; a light-quantity adjusting member for adjusting the quantity of incident light from the subject; and a drive source for displacing the light-quantity adjusting member, in which by displacing the light-quantity adjusting member, the quantity of the incident light from the subject can be adjusted, and the light-quantity adjusting member is displaced in a direction substantially perpendicular to an optical axial plane inclusive of the first optical axis and the second optical axis so as to adjust the light-quantity.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a lens barrel and a compact lens system incorporating the lens barrel where notches defined in a cam barrel to serve as bolt holes and disengage the studs are reduced in dimensions both along and around the optical axis, thereby ensuring enlarged cam formation ranges in the cam barrel and resultantly downsizing the lens system as a whole.

Abstract: An optical apparatus having a first member and a second member rotating about an optical axis with respect to the first member. One of the members has a cam portion; the other has a cam follower portion engaged with the cam portion which drives the first and second members relatively in an optical axis direction. The first member has first and second portions protruding toward the second member side separated from each other in the optical axis direction; the second member has third and fourth portions protruding toward the first member side separated from each other in the optical axis direction and abuts on the first and second portions, respectively; and the fourth portions are provided in a circumferential direction of the second member and include protruding portions for transmitting power.

Abstract: An aperture comprising a round filter portion and at least one annular filter portion is provided. The round filter portion and the annular filter portion are forming a round zone. A transmission wavelength range of the round filter portion is larger than a transmission wavelength range of the annular filter portion. A projection lens system with the aperture can produce images having higher brightness of the images and better image quality.