Abstract: An ocean wave energy converter (WEC) utilizes the relative motion between permanent magnet and induction coil assemblies to generate electricity. The permanent magnet assemblies and induction coil assemblies are separately housed in watertight enclosures, enabling a wide range of wave energy converter configurations, nearly unlimited stroke and obviating the need for a common magnet/coil enclosure with seals. The magnet assemblies are constructed with surface or buried magnets. The wave motion moves a magnet assembly relative to a stationary coil assembly, or vice versa. Either the magnet assembly or the induction coil assembly are made long enough to provide the generation of electricity over a desired operational range of travel. Various means are provided to maintain the spacing (“gap”) between the magnetic and coil assemblies relatively constant.

Abstract: A wind turbine, including: a rotatable frame; a plurality of airfoils extending in a direction parallel to an axis of rotation of the rotatable frame; and an enclosure surrounding the rotatable frame, wherein the enclosure comprises a plurality of moveable members configured to direct air flow onto a first half of the rotatable frame and to block air flow onto a second half of the rotatable frame to thereby cause the rotatable frame to rotate. The moveable members may be pivotable louvers that can be opened by being oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of the air flow. By changing the orientation of the pivotable louvers, the present wind turbine can generate electricity from winds blowing in any direction.

Abstract: A wind turbine including an open hub, foldable blades attached to the rim of the hub, and a mechanism for tilting the turbine is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for driving a load at a desired operating level. A driver is connected to a load. The load can be selected from a plurality of loads by a selection system, such as a multiplexer, or a single load can be utilized. Feedback from the load is provided to the driver for achieving the desired operating level. A zero temperature coefficient resistance formed by two resistors having different resistances can be used so that the driver emulates an ideal resistor having a substantially zero temperature coefficient, providing a temperature independent current to the load.

Abstract: An information handling system power supply system has a plurality of power supply units (PSUs) with outputs connected in parallel and a current balancing circuit for equalizing current from these outputs. A pseudo output current value may be added to the actual output current value for each PSU so that the parallel load sharing current balance system thinks all of the PSUs are sharing the load equally. This allows simple and inexpensive paralleling of differently rated PSUs without complex load sharing circuitry. Also, PSU stress factors may be easily compensated. For each PSU there may be a first voltage, VS1, generated that is proportional to the output current of the respective PSU. A pseudo current bias voltage, VIbais, is added to the first voltage, VS1, to produce a biased second voltage, VS2, (VS2=VS1+VIbais). The biased second voltage, VS2, now represents the apparent current output of the respective PSU when current load balancing each PSU of the power supply system.

Abstract: An apparatus for powering on a terminal with a keypad by randomly selecting any key of the keypad. The keypad includes a plurality of keys, each of which has at least one set of contacts.

Abstract: In a motor-driven tool, a carbon brush part 8 is arranged between a suction port 6 and a commutator 11 of the motor and includes a cylindrical side wall 8a. The cylindrical side wall 8a located on an outer periphery of the commutator 11 is provided with a tapered portion 8b which grows wider toward the commutator 11 and grows narrower toward a coil end 10 of the armature. Between the carbon brush part 8 and the coil end 10, there is provided a heat radiating plate 4 made of metal and adapted to be engaged with the carbon brush part 8.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an effective technique for making compact power tool having an electric motor. A representative power tool may include a tool bit, housing and an electric motor. The electric motor is housed in the housing and drives the tool bit. The electric motor includes an output shaft, a commutator, an armature, brushes, brush holders, a brush holder base, a cooling fan and a cooling-fan facing surface. The cooling-fan facing surface is formed on the brush holder base. The cooling-fan facing surface faces the cooling fan and extends flat in the centrifugal direction to guide the discharged cooling air from the cooling fan in the centrifugal direction. Because the brush holder base not only secures the brush holder but also smoothly guides the cooling air by means of the cooling-fan facing surface, the size of the electric motor in the axial direction of the output shaft can be reduced.

Abstract: An electrodynamic direct drive includes an armature that travels within a housing and a drive system for moving armature in relation to housing. The drive system has two drive means, that are moved in relation to each other in the form of a coil system with at least one coil and a magnet system with at least one permanent magnet to move a load driver coupled with the armature. A displacement measurement space is defined by an end face of the armature and walls of the housing and/or the surface of the internally placed drive means. A sensor detects position of the armature within the housing by electromagnetic waves. The distance of the armature from the sensor is measured on the basis of the transit time of electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: There is provided an axial gap type rotating electric machine which is small-sized and achieves a high motor efficiency as a drive source having a high torque using a strong magnet by reducing energy loss by an induced current.

Abstract: An outer stator of a reciprocating compressor comprises: a bobbin formed as a ring shape and provided with a winding coil therein; an outer stator frame coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the bobbin and formed of a magnetic body in which a flux flows; a plurality of first core blocks coupled to the outer stator frame and positioned radially at one side of the bobbin; and a plurality of second core blocks coupled to the outer stator frame, facing the first core blocks, and positioned at the other side of the bobbin. Accordingly, deformation which may occur during manufacturing can be prevented, and a size of a motor can be minimized.

Abstract: There is provided an axial air-gap electronic motor in which work for assembling a stator can be performed efficiently. A locking protrusion 26 is provided on a flange portion 24 of core members 21a to 21i which are divided for each teeth 21 and are arranged in a ring form with the rotating shaft axis line being the center, and a connecting member 8 is fitted on the locking protrusion 26, by which the core members 21a to 21i are connected to each other in a ring form.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device that can operate in alternate-phase mode and single-phase mode, and thus generate surface acoustic waves at two different frequencies. The device is based on a piezoelectric film deposited on an elastic substrate, and includes an electrode layer patterned as two interdigital electrodes and electrical source (2). The device is operated in alternate-phase mode by connecting the two electrodes to different ends of an electrical source (22). The device is operated in single-phase mode by connecting the two electrodes to the same end of an electrical source.

Abstract: A boundary acoustic wave device includes a dielectric body disposed over one surface of a LiTaO3 piezoelectric body, and an electrode including an IDT and reflectors at the boundary between the piezoelectric body and the dielectric body. The thickness of the electrode is set so that the acoustic velocity of the SH boundary acoustic waves is less than the acoustic velocities of slow transverse waves propagating in the dielectric body and slow transverse waves propagating in the piezoelectric body.

Abstract: A mover assembly (16) that moves or positions an object (12) along a first axis includes a motor (20) and a coupling assembly (22). The motor (20) includes a motor output (332) that is moved along the first axis and about the first axis. The coupling assembly (22) includes a stage (344) that couples the motor output (332) to the object (12) and a stage guide (346) that guides the motion of the stage (344) along the first axis. In one embodiment, the stage guide (346) is a linear bearing that allows for motion of the stage (344) along the first axis and inhibits motion of the stage (344) about the first axis, along a second axis and along a third axis. Additionally, the coupling assembly (22) can include a measurement system (28) that monitors the movement of the stage (344).

Abstract: A piezoelectric thin film device includes an amorphous metal film disposed on a substrate and a piezoelectric film disposed on the amorphous metal. One of crystal axis of the piezoelectric film is aligned in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the amorphous metal.

Abstract: A thin-film piezoelectric element has a substrate, a lower electrode, a piezoelectric portion, and an upper electrode that are sequentially formed on the substrate. The piezoelectric portion has a dielectric thin film that has an alkali niobium oxide-based perovskite structure expressed by general formula (NaxKyLiz)NbO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0?z<1, x+y+z=1), and a high voltage-withstand dielectric that has a dielectric strength voltage greater than that of the dielectric thin film.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component comprises a plurality of matrix layers and a plurality of inner electrodes. The matrix layers and inner electrodes are alternately laminated. The plurality of inner electrodes include first electrodes and second electrodes opposing the first electrode while alternating with the matrix layers. Each matrix layer is formed with a plurality of first through hole electrodes for electrically connecting different first electrodes to each other, and a plurality of second through hole electrodes for electrically connecting different second electrodes to each other.

Abstract: A plasma display panel assembly includes a panel assembly, a chassis base affixed to a rear surface of the panel assembly by an adhesive member, a printed circuit board mounted on a rear surface of the chassis base, a case for containing the panel assembly, the chassis base and the printed circuit board, and a heat absorption layer adapted to absorb heat generated by the panel assembly.

Abstract: A lamp radiates visible light and infrared light. The lamp bulb of the lamp includes at least a first region which is at least partly permeable to infrared light, and at least partly impermeable to visible light. At least a second region of the bulb is wholly or partly permeable at least to visible light.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising a centre electrode and an earth electrode serving as a spark discharge section, as well as a noble metallic chip, which is inserted into one end of at least one of said electrodes along part of its length and which is subsequently welded thereto by irradiation with energy-condensing light, characterized in that said noble metallic chip is provided with a profile for holding said noble metallic chip onto said at least one electrode on at least part of the outer periphery of said part of its length, wherein a fusion layer extending between said profile and an inner region of the end of said at least one electrode locks said noble metallic chip onto said at least one electrode.

Abstract: A noble metal tip 20 for attachment to a spark plug center electrode 36 and/or a ground electrode. Noble metal tip 20 is a generally cylindrical component that includes a firing end 40, an attachment end 42, and one or more retention features 44, 46 and 60, 62. The retention features are generally conically shaped holes or recesses formed in the side of the noble metal tip, and are designed to receive molten material during a laser attachment process. Once the molten material has solidified in the retention features, a fusion layer is formed and acts as a mechanical bond or interlock between the noble metal tip and the electrode. Methods of manufacturing and attaching the noble metal tips are also provided.

Abstract: A method for production includes a step for forming concave molds on a surface of a substrate and a step for growing a diamond heteroepitaxially on the substrate in an atmosphere containing a doping material. The crystal structure of the slope of the concave molds of the substrate can have the cubic system crystal orientation (111), and the doping material is phosphorous. Further, the substrate is Si, and the slope of the molds can be the Si(111) face. The diamond electron emission device contains projection parts on the surface thereof, where a slope of the projection parts 1 contains a diamond (111) face, and flat parts 2, which are not the projection parts, contain face orientations other than (100) face or (110) face and grain boundaries.

Abstract: Assuming an aperture diameter of an electron beam aperture formed in a shield cup as Vsc, an aperture diameter of an electron beam aperture formed in an inner electrode of a focusing electrode as V5, and a distance between the electron beam aperture formed in the shield cup and the inner electrode as L, the above-mentioned aperture diameter Vsc, the aperture diameter V5 and the distance L are determined to satisfy tan ?=(V5?Vsc)/2L?0.08. Due to such a constitution, it is possible to enhance the degree of vacuum in the inside of a cathode ray tube and, it is possible to prevent a getter for elevating the degree of vacuum in the inside of the cathode ray tube and for maintaining the elevated degree of the vacuum from being scattered to the electron gun side thus preventing the deterioration of the characteristics of the electron gun.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus is disclosed which includes, within an enclosure configured by a pair of substrates placed face to face and an external frame placed between the substrates, an electron source placed on one of the pair of substrates, an image formation material placed on the other substrate, and spacers placed between the substrates, characterized in that the spacers and the external frame is conductive and device is provided for electrically connecting the spacers and the external frame so that the equipotential surfaces between the spacers and the external frame are quasi-parallel when driven.

Abstract: A light emitting device comprises a substrate, a porous alumina layer having a regular series of cavities of nanometric size containing an emitting material, and two electrodes in contact with the emitting material and connected to an electric voltage source. The first electrode comprises at least part of an aluminum film deposited onto the substrate, on which the alumina layer has been previously grown through an anodization process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thick film dielectric electroluminescent display having a patterned layer. The patterned layer is patterned using a laser ablation method including selecting a wavelength of laser radiation, a laser pulse length, a laser energy density and a sufficient number of laser pulses to pattern the layer without substantial ablation of or damage to other layers, whereby the wavelength of laser radiation is such that the laser radiation is substantially absorbed by the layer with minimal absorption by other layers, the laser pulse length is sufficiently short that during the duration of the laser pulse there is minimal heat flow from the layer to other layers, and the laser energy density and the sufficient number of laser pulses is sufficiently high that energy is deposited in layer, whereby at least a portion of the layer is ablated and the luminance of an unablated area of the display is comparable to the luminance of an equivalent area of an unpatterned but otherwise identical display.

Abstract: To provide an organic electroluminescent device which has a sealing structure including a casing and/or a sealing layer and which can be manufactured with high yield in such a manner that electrodes and other components are effectively prevented from being damaged due to stresses caused by the sealing layer and/or the electrodes. An organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate, a plurality of first electrodes, a partition structure having a plurality of openings located at positions corresponding to the first electrodes, organic functional layers each placed in the corresponding openings, a second electrode disposed over the partition structure and the organic functional layers, a sealing layer disposed over the second electrode, and a protective substrate, those components being disposed on or above the substrate.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate opposing one another with a predetermined gap therebetween. Address electrodes are formed on the second substrate. Barrier ribs are mounted in the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate to define a plurality of discharge cells. Phosphor layers are formed in each of the discharge cells. Discharge sustain electrodes are formed in a direction intersecting the address electrodes and paired such that each of the discharge cells is in communication with a pair of the discharge sustain electrodes. Each of the discharge sustain electrodes include extension sections that extend into the discharge cells such that a pair of opposing extension sections is formed in each of the discharge cells. Distal ends of each of the extension sections extended from at least one of each pair of the bus electrodes are formed having a concave section.

Abstract: A plasma display panel having a light absorption reflection film that does not reflect light emitted from a discharge space in a non-discharge region includes: a rear substrate; a plurality of address electrodes arranged on a surface of the rear substrate; a rear dielectric layer arranged on the rear substrate to cover the address electrodes; a plurality of barrier ribs arranged on the rear dielectric layer to define discharge cells; a front substrate facing the rear substrate; a plurality of sustaining electrode pairs composed of X and Y electrodes; a light absorption reflection film including a first light absorption reflection film arranged between the adjacent sustaining electrode pairs and a second light absorption reflection film having a different width than that of the first light absorption reflection film, the second light absorption reflection film arranged on a lower surface of the first light absorption reflection film; and a front dielectric layer arranged on a lower surface of the front substra

Abstract: The metal halide lamp has a ceramic discharge vessel and contains two groups of metal halides: a first group made up of the emitters and a second group made up of the wetters. The second group comprises at least one of the metal halides of Mg or Yb.

Abstract: A device generates and/or influences electromagnetic radiation from a plasma, for the lithographic production of semiconductor elements. For example, the device generates and/or reflects EUV-radiation for EUV-lithography. In a first example, a magnetic means (10) generates at least one inhomogeneous magnetic field (11) and is provided as means for the targeted screening of at least one surface of the device (1; 5; 12) and/or another component (5; 12) from the charge carriers in the plasma (3).

Abstract: There is provided a plasma display. The plasma display includes a circuit having a first input that receives a first waveform, a second input that receives a second waveform, an output that provides a driving waveform for an electrode of a pixel in the plasma display, and a switching sub-circuit. The switching sub-circuit (i) routes the first waveform from the first input to the output during a first portion of a setup period to initialize the pixel for an addressing operation, and (ii) routes the second waveform from the second input to the output during a second portion of the setup period.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp assembly includes a fluorescent lamp ballast capable of detecting at least one of a plurality of input signals and generating an output signal. The output signal is associated with a power level that is based on the at least one detected input signal. The fluorescent lamp assembly also includes a fluorescent lamp capable of receiving the output signal and generating light. An intensity of the light is based on the power level associated with the output signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for operating very high pressure short arc mercury discharge lamps primarily used for projection applications. The method includes controlling an alternating lamp current supplied to the lamp at a constant RMS value. In some embodiments, the lamp current is adjusted to a new constant RMS value to maintain lamp power between an upper power limit and a lower power limit. In other embodiments, lamp cooling is adjusted to maintain a wall temperature of the arc tube below a softening temperature.

Abstract: A ballast integrated circuit (IC) for driving a first switching element and a second switching element includes: a variable gain amplifier (VGA) connected to a first input terminal connected to a resistor, for generating an output current signal according to a resistance value of the resistor and a gain control signal; a preheating/ignition controller connected to a second input terminal connected to a capacitor, for generating an output current signal and an output voltage signal acting as the gain control signal according to a voltage of the second input terminal; an active zero-voltage controller for generating a hard-switching current signal and an active zero-voltage switching current signal, such that it adjusts the voltage of the second input terminal according to switching states of the first switching element and the second switching element; an oscillator for generating an oscillation signal upon receiving the output current signal from the variable gain amplifier (VGA); and a dead-time controller f

Abstract: An anti-cycling luminaire control system may detect repeated lamp-off conditions and interrupt power to the lamp and provide an indication of lamp cycling after a predetermined number of lamp-off conditions has been detected. The control system also provides a cool-off period after a lamp-off cycling event is detected during which time restarting of the lamp is inhibited. If the lamp does not restart after multiple restart attempts and cool-off periods, the system determines that a fault condition exists, and may provide a fault alert. The system may provide for shut-off or dimming of the lamp during the night after a portion of the night has passed. This delayed turn-off may be varied according to the length of the night. Starting and dimming the lamp at a zero voltage crossing of the line current can reduce stress on luminaire and control system components and reduce maintenance.

Abstract: A rectifying circuit converts an alternating current (AC) voltage to a first direct current (DC) voltage. A filter filters the rectified first DC voltage and outputs the filtered first DC voltage which includes an alternating current (AC) voltage component or ripple voltage at filter output. A buck converter receives the filtered first DC voltage and generates a second direct current (DC) bus voltage. A power control circuit is coupled to the buck converter and provides a control voltage signal to the buck converter so that the buck converter generates the second DC voltage of a predetermined value. A ripple detection circuit is coupled to the filter output and detects the ripple voltage in the filtered first DC voltage, based on which the power control circuit modifies the control voltage signal so that the second DC voltage includes a predefined level of the ripple voltage.

Abstract: A step down switching regulator circuit that is particularly well-suited to drive high power LEDs includes a crossover conduction mode (XCM) control circuit that maintains operation at the crossover point between continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). This XCM operation provides an inductor current waveform that ramps up and down between zero and a desired maximum current. One or more comparators in the XCM control circuit can be used to control switching between the inductor current ramp up and ramp down phases. In this manner, complex feedback loop logic and PID controlled PWM signal generation logic can be avoided, and the need for external sense resistors and associated interface pins can be eliminated.

Abstract: A technique is described that reduces parasitic losses in circuits used to drive current through a load. An example of a system according to the technique includes four switches in series with five pins such that one pin is connected to ground. An example of an apparatus according to the technique may include four switches in series with two switches connected to ground and to a load and two switches connected to a power source. An example of a method according to the technique involves producing a voltage waveform having three phases.

Abstract: A lighting arrangement having at least one fluorescent lamp comprising a tube that has at least one light emitting region, a high-voltage terminal at a first end of the tube and a low-voltage terminal at a second end of the tube, an electrically conductive surface being arranged adjacent to the light emitting region of the tube that extends at least partly over the length of the tube, a voltage that corresponds at least approximately to the voltage gradient over the tube being applied to the electrically conductive surface.

Abstract: An illumination device has an illumination unit which glows when current flows through a load thereof, at least one instruction unit for instructing the illumination unit to glow, a PWM signal generating unit which generates a plurality of PWM signals based on that the instruction unit instructed the illumination unit to glow, and a time difference setting unit for setting a time difference between one of the plurality of PWM signals and an other thereof based on that the instruction unit instructed the illumination unit to glow. The load of the illumination unit is divided into a plurality of portions which are respectively connected with each other in parallel and connected with the PWM signal generating unit. The plurality of PWM signals are generated for currents flowing through the plurality of divided portions of the load of the illumination unit.

Abstract: A control circuit for an inverter for driving a fluorescent lamp includes a first triangular wave signal generator for use in analog dimming control, and a second triangular wave signal generator for use in burst dimming. The first triangular wave signal generator oscillates at a frequency higher than that of the second triangular wave signal generator. A semiconductor substrate on which the control circuit is integrated is partitioned into at least two areas by a fixed potential wiring. A circuit block including the first triangular wave signal generator is placed in one of the areas, and a circuit block including the second triangular wave signal generator and the comparator for burst dimming is placed in the other area.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling an electric machine using voltage mode control comprising: receiving a voltage command, the voltage command corresponding to a voltage control command for a position control loop, the position control loop configured to control a position of the electric machine; receiving a motor velocity signal; and determining a q-axis current. The method also includes computing a d-axis current to supplement the torque if a magnitude of a voltage supply for exciting the electric machine is not sufficient to provide a torque corresponding to the q-axis current, otherwise establishing the d-axis current at about zero; and generating command voltages for controlling the electric machine corresponding to the q-axis current and the d-axis current.

Abstract: A synchronous motor control system includes a motor including a stator having a plurality of sets of stator teeth and phase coils, a rotor having a plurality of rotor teeth disposed opposite the stator teeth and a stopper for restricting the rotation angle of the rotor relative to the stator and a control unit for sequentially controlling electric supply to the phase coils to rotate the rotor to a prescribed rotation position. The motor is controlled by the control unit to operate through the following steps of supplying current to a specific group of the phase coils, sequentially supplying current to the phase coils to rotate the rotor in one direction at a speed not to step out of synchronization to rotate the rotor until it is stopped by the means for restricting, and sequentially supplying current to the phase coils to rotate the rotor in the other direction at a speed not to step out of synchronization until the number of times of current supply becomes a prescribed number.

Abstract: A brushless DC motor and Hall Effect commutation sensors are mounted on a common circuit board, and ferromagnetic elements partially embedded in the motor stator in proximity to the periphery of the rotor magnetically couple the rotor magnet to the Hall Effect sensors. Preferably, the ferromagnetic elements are embedded in the stator adjacent the radial periphery of the rotor magnet. Alternately, the ferromagnetic elements can be embedded in the stator adjacent the axial periphery of the rotor magnet.

Abstract: A fan motor speed control circuit and a voltage-regulating module thereof are disclosed. The fan motor speed control circuit includes the voltage-regulating module and a driving module electrically connected to the voltage-regulating module. The driving module includes a pulse signal generating unit, a speed control unit, and a drive unit. The speed control unit compares a high frequency pulse signal generated by the pulse signal generating unit with a variable reference voltage signal output by the voltage-regulating module, and then outputs a control signal to the drive unit to proceed the speed control of the fan motor. In application, the voltage-regulating module and the driving module are electrically connected to a voltage source in parallel.

Abstract: A fan speed controlling system for a power supply comprises a fan having two pins and a voltage comparator connected to the fan. The voltage comparator comprises a first input terminal for receiving a first reference voltage controlled by an external temperature of the power supply and a second input terminal for receiving a second reference voltage controlled by an interior temperature of the power supply. The voltage comparator outputs a higher voltage of the first and second reference voltage to the fan via the two pins.

Abstract: A motor control method and device. The motor control device includes a programmable integrated circuit (IC) receiving a phase signal, the phase of which is consistent with the rotation phase of a coil of the motor. The programmable IC generates a duty-cycle signal in accordance with the period of the phase signal. The duty-cycle signal comprises a rising segment and a falling segment and when the phase signal changes phase, the duty cycle represented by the duty-cycle signal is a first duty cycle, allowing the input power of the motor remain at a minimum. The duty-cycle signal is input to the coil, controlling the coil on and off and, thereby rotating the motor.

Abstract: A direct current motor controlling method includes a mean for transforming a duty signal to computed value by a microprocessor unit. The microprocessor unit computes the computed value and then produces a target value by executing a dichotomy method, a rotation method and a transformed function, capable of reducing executing time and executing load of the microprocessor unit and saving memory space. The microprocessor unit sends a frequency signal to a driving circuit unit according to the target value. The driving circuit unit receives the frequency signal and then provides a driving voltage to a power switch. The power switch provides a voltage to a direct current motor or not according to the driving voltage for controlling output performance of the direct current motor.