Abstract: The invention relates to a method for diagnosing a regulated exhaust gas catalyst, according to which regulating the catalyst results in control cycles, catalyst diagnosis being performed at a predetermined oxygen concentration per control cycle. A fuel mixture can be adjusted fat or lean according to a specific lambda control factor. A fat or lean exhaust gas is detected, the lambda control factor being incrementally decreased when a lean exhaust gas is detected. The lambda control factor is modified by a P step following a detected change from a fat to lean exhaust gas or from a lean to a fat exhaust gas, the lambda control factor being set to a minimum value during a first loading period following a detected change from a fat exhaust gas to a lean exhaust gas while being set to a maximum value during a second loading period following a detected change from a lean exhaust gas to a fat exhaust gas.

Abstract: A system is provided for regenerating an exhaust gas aftertreatment component of an internal combustion engine. The system is operable to determine an output torque of the engine, and to supply a single quantity of fuel to the engine after combustion of a main quantity of fuel if the output torque is greater than a torque threshold, and to otherwise supply a first quantity of fuel to the engine near an end of combustion of the main quantity of fuel followed by supplying a second quantity of fuel after combustion of the main quantity of fuel.

Abstract: An apparatus for the reduction of nitric oxides (NOx) and particulate matter of exhaust emissions from a diesel engine having an electronic control module. The apparatus includes a first treatment device for reducing particulate matter and a second treatment device for reducing NOx emissions from the engine exhaust. The apparatus also includes a first valve in fluid communication with the exhaust inlet from the engine and a second valve in fluid communication with a common exhaust outlet. The first and second valves are in fluid communication with each other through a fluid connection extending therebetween.

Abstract: In the system of the invention, the NOx trap (1) is associated with catalyst-forming means (2) integrated in an exhaust line (3) of a vehicle engine (4), and the engine is associated with a common manifold or “rail” fuel feeder (7, 8) for feeding it with fuel and adapted, by modifying control parameters for the operation of the engine, to cause the engine to switch between lean mixture (9) and rich mixture (10) operation. According to the invention, the fuel feeder (7, 8) is adapted to define four strategies (11, 12, 13, 14) for controlling lean mixture operation of the engine (9), and to cause the engine to switch between its various strategies in order to keep the trap (1) in a temperature window of maximum effectiveness.

Abstract: An engine controller (20) controls regeneration of a diesel particulate filter (11) deployed along an exhaust passage (3) of a vehicle diesel engine (9). Regeneration terminates in response to a terminating request based on running conditions of the diesel engine (1). When the regeneration elapsed time at the time of termination is shorter than a reference duration, the engine controller (20) adds a time corresponding to a deviation of the regeneration elapsed time from the reference duration to the reference duration for the next regeneration of the DPF (11), thereby completely removing particulate matter accumulated in and around an inlet (18) of the filter (11).

Abstract: A method for the supplying bearing elements in a hydrodynamic coupling: The coupling includes a primary wheel and a secondary wheel, which together form a working area capable of being filled with operating fluid. An operating fluid system having a direct circulation connecting at least one outlet from the working area to an inlet into the working area. A filling line connectable at least indirectly to the operating fluid source. An emptying line connecting the outlet at least indirectly to the operating fluid source. The filling line and the emptying line are connected via the direct circulation to the inlet and the outlet, together with a lubricant supply system, which is capable of connection to the filling line, and which is supplied with lubricant during all operating modes. At least during the filling mode, the supply of lubricant is via the filing line that is capable of connection to the operating fluid source.

Abstract: A filter-integrated orifice element is provided which can reduce manufacturing costs and assembling costs in a hydraulic circuit for which size reduction is desirable. A filter-integrated orifice element is obtained by integrating a filter for removing an obstacle which could block an orifice with an orifice member. The filter-integrated orifice element may be used in a slow return valve in a hydraulic circuit.

Abstract: A master cylinder (1) having a bore (3) fitted with at least one piston (4, 5) and at least one seal (19, 20, 21, 22). The seal (19, 20, 21, 22) is partially stiffened by a reinforcement member (25). In order to retain the piston (4,5) in the bore (3) a groove (31) is located on a circumference of the piston (4,5) against which the sealing member (25) bears with the piston (4,5) in a rest position to retain the piston (4,5) in bore (3).

Abstract: An exhaust turbocharger with a housing, a compressor arranged in a compressor space and an exhaust turbine is arranged in a turbine space, whereby an exhaust line from the turbine outlet is connected to a low-pressure side of the compressor space via an exhaust recirculation line which extends through the housing and is designed largely in a spiral form in the housing. The recirculated exhaust gas flow arrangements improve the dynamics by providing higher turbocharger rotational speeds in the partial load range due to the production of a pre-twist by the exhaust recirculation stream.

Abstract: An exhaust gas return system for an internal-combustion machine which comprises a low-pressure supply line extending from an inlet From the compressor. a high-pressure supply line extends to the internal-combustion machine. From the internal-combustion machine a high-pressure exhaust gas line extends to a turbine. From the turbine a low-pressure exhaust gas line extends to an outlet. The low-pressure exhaust gas line and the low-pressure supply line have connected therewith a low-pressure return line for returning exhaust gas. The high-pressure exhaust gas line has connected therewith a bypass line for utilizing the heat of the exhaust gas produced in the internal-combustion machine for heating the exhaust gas to be returned of the low-pressure return line before the exhaust gas is supplied to the turbine (24), if desired. Thus the cold start phase of the internal-combustion machine can be reduced.

Abstract: A method for controlling a turbine-generator including: detecting a power-load unbalance between a turbine and a generator; measuring the duration of a power-load unbalance; measuring the rate of loss of an electrical load; and regulating steam flow through the turbine responsive to the rate of loss of an electrical load and the duration of the power-load unbalance; all of which results in more accurate and robust control of turbine-generator speed.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor has a combustion chamber into which fuel and air are supplied, wherein the fuel and the air are supplied into said combustion chamber as a plurality of coaxial jets.

Abstract: A method for cooling inlet air to a gas turbine is provided. For example, a method is described including passing inlet air through a cooling coil that includes an opening for receiving the inlet air and that is operably connected to a gas turbine power plant. The gas turbine power plant may include at least one gas turbine, and at least one gas turbine inlet which receives the inlet air. The method may further include passing circulating water through a water chiller at a first flow rate to reduce the temperature of the circulating water, the water chiller including a conduit through which the circulating water is capable of passing and passing the circulating water having the first flow rate through the cooling coil in an amount sufficient to lower the temperature of the inlet air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of storing a liquefied gas in a container containing a metal-organic framework material, the container filled with such a gas, a process for filling container and the use of the container to release the gas.

Abstract: A device for rapidly chilling containers in a refrigerator includes a base portion, an outer body portion and a carriage. The outer body portion includes an outer shell defining a central cavity. The carriage is rotatably supported in the central cavity and spaced from the outer shell so as to define an air channel. The carriage includes a support wall that defines an article receptacle. The support wall includes a plurality of openings that open to the air channel. A fan is provided to establish a cooling airflow that is directed through the air channel into the carriage. A motor is employed to selectively rotate the carriage. A plurality of rollers, at least one of which is driven by the motor, support and drive the carriage to rotate through the cooling airflow to rapidly lower the container temperature.

Abstract: A method of operating an auger ice-making machine having a refrigeration casing, an auger screw rotatably disposed inside the casing and feeding, while scraping, the ice frozen on an inner wall surface of the casing, a stocker for storing/retaining the ice fed, the stocker being formed with an ice discharge port of the stocker in order to discharge the ice to an exterior of the machine by being opened, and a stored-ice detector for detecting a high level, and a low level, of a quantity of ice stored within the stocker, wherein: when the stored-ice detector detects the high level, a controller is activated to stop ice-making operation, and when the quantity of ice stored decreases below the low level by a required quantity, the controller restarts the ice-making operation; and when the controller judges, during a stopped state of the ice-making operation, that a block of ice has occurred in the stocker, the controller restarts the ice-making operation, provided that the stored-ice detector has detected the low

Abstract: A refrigerant system has a controller associated with it that determines an equilibrium pressure when the system is inactive. The controller determines if the equilibrium pressure differs from an expected equilibrium pressure corresponding to a current ambient temperature and the selected refrigerant type. When the difference exceeds a selected threshold, the controller determines that the amount of refrigerant within the circuit is below a desired level. In one example, the controller provides an indication of a low charge amount. The disclosed technique allows early detection of refrigerant charge loss and differentiation between loss-of-charge and other failure modes. Consequently, system performance is enhanced, component damage is prevented, service interruptions and maintenance are reduced, exhaustive troubleshooting is avoided and potential exposure to refrigerant substances is minimized.

Abstract: A real-time monitoring system that monitors various aspects of the operation of a refrigerant-cycle system is described. In one embodiment, the system includes a processor that measures power provided to the refrigerant-cycle system and that gathers data from one or more sensors and uses the sensor data to calculate a figure of merit related to the efficiency of the system. In one embodiment, the sensors include one or more of the following sensors: a suction line temperature sensor, a suction line pressure sensor, a suction line flow sensor, a hot gas line temperature sensor, a hot gas line pressure sensor, a hot gas line flow sensor, a liquid line temperature sensor, a liquid line pressure sensor, a liquid line flow sensor. In one embodiment, the sensors include one or more of an evaporator air temperature input sensor, an evaporator air temperature output sensor, an evaporator air flow sensor, an evaporator air humidity sensor, and a differential pressure sensor.

Abstract: When a temperature of cooling water detected by a water temperature sensor is, for instance, higher than, or equal to degrees, and is smaller than degrees, an abnormal state judging unit judges that an engine is under semiwarming-up condition, and then forcibly drives an electric motor fan so as to forcibly cool cooling water contained in a radiator. After the abnormal state judging unit has forcibly driven the electric motor fan, this abnormal state judging unit calculates a difference between the cooling water temperature detected by the water temperature sensor and a predicted cooling water temperature. When the calculated temperature difference is smaller than a predetermined abnormal state judging value, the abnormal state judging unit judges that a thermostat provided in a cooling water circulating path is brought into an abnormal valve opening state.

Abstract: A coaxial-flow heat transfer system installed in a geological environment and facilitating the transfer of heat energy between an external heat energy exchanging system and the geological environment. The coaxial-flow heat transfer system includes aqueous-based heat transfer fluid that is pumped through the external heat energy exchanging system so as to transfer heat between the aqueous-based heat transfer fluid and the external heat energy exchanging system. A coaxial-flow heat transfer structure is installed within the geological environment and has a proximal end and a distal end for exchanging heat between the source of aqueous-based heat transfer fluid at a first temperature and a geological environment at a second temperature. The coaxial-flow heat transfer structure comprises a thermally conductive outer tube section, and an inner tube section having an inner flow channel and being coaxially arranged within the outer tube section.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at a water collection device which condenses water vapour in atmospheric air to water. The device comprises means for drawing the atmospheric air into the device; means for condensing the moisture vapour in the atmospheric air into water, and means for collecting the water.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a gas drying system includes a recuperator section having first and second fluid flow paths wherein fluid flowing through the first fluid flow path is in thermal communication with fluid flowing through the second fluid flow path. A refrigerated section having a third fluid flow path is in fluid communication with the first fluid flow path for further cooling the flowing fluid to about a dew point temperature. A moisture separator section is disposed between the recuperator and refrigerated sections, the assembled sections forming an integral construction, wherein the separator is in planar contact with the recuperator and refrigerated sections. The separator has a fourth fluid flow path in fluid communication with the third fluid flow path and the second fluid flow path for removing condensed and entrained liquid from a stream of flowing fluid prior to fluid flowing into the second fluid flow path.

Abstract: An air conditioning system comprises a first tank connected to an outlet side refrigerant line of an indoor unit, a second tank disposed to be lower than the first tank, middle tank installed between the first tank and the second tank, a heat source cycle for depressurizing and cooling the first refrigerant inside the first tank by circulating a second refrigerant and heating the first refrigerant of the second tank, a middle tank cooling unit for feed back connected to an inlet side refrigerant line of the second tank among refrigerant lines of the heat source cycle, a middle tank heating unit for feed back connected to a refrigerant line between the first tank and the second tank among refrigerant lines of the heat source cycle, and a controller for selectively circulating the second refrigerant of the heat source cycle to the middle tank cooling unit for feed back or the middle tank heating unit for feed back.

Abstract: A refrigeration appliance is provided which includes a cabinet with a first openable door providing access to a first refrigeration compartment and a second openable door providing access to a second refrigeration compartment. The second openable door has a portion thereof positioned below a portion of the first openable door. A rail separates the first refrigeration compartment and the second refrigeration compartment. A water dispenser is contained in the rail, as well as electronic controls for the refrigeration appliance. The dispenser is arranged to be stationary relative to the refrigeration appliance while the doors are open or closed. The rail may be removed and replaced, and with the water and electronic controls located in the rail, repairs are performed more efficiently and flexibility in manufacturing is enhanced. A drip tray is formed in an exterior side of the second openable door below the dispenser.

Abstract: Dry ice pellets in a container are compacted by beginning the filling of a container with dry ice pellets, vibrating the container for a short duration when the container is partially filled, and continuing vibrating the container for short durations at periodic intervals until the container is filled.

Abstract: Volatile vapors are removed from a storage vessel by establishing a flow of a stream of volatile vapors from the storage vessel and directing the stream through a first low temperature condenser for condensing a portion of the stream flowing through the first low temperature condenser. Since a portion of the condensed condensate freezes and causes a pressure drop in the first low temperature condenser, further steps may include directing the stream from the first low temperature condenser through a second low temperature condenser after the pressure drop exceeds a setpoint, stopping the flow of the refrigerant through the first low temperature condenser and using the heat of the volatile vapor stream to melt the frozen condensate in the first low temperature condenser. The stream is switched between the condensers as necessary to prevent excessive plugging due to frozen condensate formation. The system includes the means for implementing the method.

Abstract: Various jewelry devices are provided for use in a pierced body part, such as the naval, and/or with devices implanted in a pierced body part. In one embodiment, a ring-shaped member is provided and it includes a first semi-circular member having first and second terminal ends, and a second semi-circular member having a first portion that is hingedly connected to the first terminal end of the first semi-circular member and a second portion that is fixedly mated to the first portion and that includes a terminal end that is adapted to removably mate to the second terminal end of the first component. The present invention also provides a connector for easily removably mating various jewelry ornaments to a jewelry device that is worn in a pierced body part.

Abstract: A device for the production of a glass rod is provided. The device has a Danner blowpipe constructed to avoid problems attributed to different heat expansion coefficients of the participating materials. The Danner blowpipe has an outer metal jacket surrounding a ceramic body and defines a supply end and a discharge end of the blowpipe. A clamping plate is provided at both the supply and discharge ends. The clamping plate on the discharge end is rigidly joined with a shaft and engages the outer metal jacket at the discharge end. The clamping plate on the supply end is joined in an axially displaceable manner on the shaft, which is rigidly joined with a pressure plate against displacement in an axial direction. A pressure spring is disposed between the pressure plate and the clamping plate on the supply end to urge the plates away from one another.

Abstract: A garage door locking system includes a central elongated spindle having an inside end and an outside end. An outside locking member is positioned on the outside end of the spindle, and an inside locking member is positioned on the inside end of the spindle. An actuator yoke on the inside end of the spindle includes at least one end configured for connection to an end of an elongated lock bar or a snap latch cable.

Abstract: A cylinder lock having a body and a modified cam, the cylinder lock being adapted for moving an external element arranged to engage the modified cam, so that the external element slides axially on the cylinder lock body. In a preferred embodiment, the inventive cylinder lock is designed to utilize a helical cam which engages a movable sleeve, and this design is referred to as the HC cylinder lock. When operated by rotating the appropriate key within it, the movable sleeve can be moved in a linear fashion along the length of the HC cylinder lock thus converting rotational motion of the key to axial motion of the external element. This axial motion is used to position at least one locking bolt, of which the sleeve itself may be one, for the function of locking or unlocking a device. The streamlined design of the inventive HC cylinder lock enables efficient placement of a door lock within the hollow volume of a door.

Abstract: A rivet setting tool is provided to provide improved monitoring of riveted connections during rivet setting. The rivet setting tool includes a head piece for holding a rivet, a device for gripping a rivet pin, a pulling apparatus connected to the device for gripping a rivet pin, and a device for measuring the tension of the pulling apparatus. Using the setting implement according to the invention, a cause of a fault can be determined by means of a comparison between measured values and stored values.

Abstract: A method and device for checking clearance between a stamping die includes a template representative of relative movement between the stamping die and end tool. A template including a surface representing movement of the end tool relative to the stamping die is positioned relative to the stamping die. The position is indicative of a location of the end tool during operation of the stamping die. Contact between the template and the stamping die along the surface representing movement indicates potential contact between the end tool and the stamping die during operation.

Abstract: A spring manufacturing apparatus with a reduced number of driving sources, yet capable of adjusting the relative positions among the bending dices with higher precision when manufacturing a spring is to be provided. A second bending dice mounting slider and a third bending dice mounting slider are symmetrically located about a center line extended from a moving direction of a first bending dice mounting slider. An arm mechanically connects the first bending dice mounting slider and the second bending dice mounting slider, or the first bending dice mounting slider and the third bending dice mounting slider, so that either of a driving source that drives the second bending dice mounting slider or a driving source that drives the third-bending dice mounting slider moves the first bending dice mounting slider, thus to determine a winding direction of a wire for manufacturing a spring.

Abstract: A roller tool is used within a sheet deformation facility for the linear deformation of sheet metal. The roller tool comprises a press roller having a shaft and a roller body rolling around the same as well as a counterbody. The press roller and the counterbody can be jointly moved in a linear manner relative to a sheet positioned between them that is to be processed for performing the sheet metal deformation. The roller body has a plurality of roller discs which are adjacent to each other, which together form the section of the roller body that can be placed onto the sheet to be processed and which can rotate around the shaft independently of each other. The sheet deformation facility is furthermore provided with a roller tool support and a drive for pivoting the roller tool support around an axis perpendicular to the sheet that is to be processed.

Abstract: A method of forming an article such as a helical gear and an apparatus for forming the article are provided. The method includes applying pulsating pressure downward to extruding the work piece and, while the pressure is applied downward, injecting fluid to surround the work piece in fluid. The method eliminates pickling processes and phosphate lube coatings typically required for extrusion and external machining steps subsequently required to remove the coating. Extrusion of a cold net-formed article is thus possible due. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: A corrugation forming apparatus includes, as forming members, a rack tool assembled to a slide table and a pinion tool which rotates with rotation of a shaft. The apparatus also includes, as a displacement synchronization mechanism, a feed rack integrally assembled to the table and a feed pinion gear in meshing engagement with the feed rack. When a handle is rotated, its rotational force is transmitted to the feed rack via the feed pinion gear, so that the rack tool moves along the axial direction, and the pinion tool rotates in synchronism with the movement of the rack tool. This enables forming of successive recesses and projections on the thin metal plate, while reducing ductile cracks and warpage.

Abstract: A system and process for stamping parts having tolerances below 1000 nanometers. The inventive system and process is particularly suited for producing optoelectronic parts. The system includes a stamping press and one or a progression of stamping stations for supporting a punch and die. The stamping stations are designed to maintain substantial alignment of the punch and die with minimal moving components. The stamping station includes a shaft for rigidly guiding the punch to the die. The stamping press is capable of providing the punch with the necessary force to perform the stamping operations. The system includes an interface system for interfacing the force of the press with the punch, while simultaneously structurally decoupling the press from the punch. The system also includes a locating sub-plate, for locating the stamping station in alignment relative to each other, and means for in-line machine stock material before entry into the stamping stations.

Abstract: A deck leverage anchor for securing an external device has an anchor body that is positioned at least partially within an opening of the deck so that a notch receives the edge of the surface. The anchor body comprises a swivel coupler that extends outward from the opening. The swivel coupler couples to an external device. A swivel plate is disposed opposite the swivel coupler to engage and distribute a load on the surface of the deck opposite the coupler.

Abstract: A device for applying an outer skin to an automotive frame. The device comprises at least one member formed from a preselected material and having a predetermined shape and a substantially U-shaped notch formed closely adjacent a first end of the at least one member. There is a tapered portion disposed on one predetermined face of the substantially U-shaped notch for engaging an outer portion of such outer skin and forcing such outer portion to turn down and engage such automotive door frame.

Abstract: A repairing kit for automotive dents structured from a straight bar, a connecting tube, a handle, an impact piece, a clamp mount and repair members, which can be used to repair automotive dents and restore a smooth surface to an automobile using a DIY method, without damaging the baking finish surface after repairing the automotive dent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for fixing a bending tool (34), said tool comprising a retaining groove (38). The system comprises a clamping body (12) able to collaborate with one of the fixing surfaces of the tool and a tool clamp (20) mounted to pivot, said clamp being able to adopt a first tool clamping position and a second position for mounting/dementing the tool, and a tool retaining member comprising a plurality of elastically deformable blades (58), each blade comprising a first end (58a) secured to the clamping body, a running part (58b), a second end (58c) comprising at least a first angled part (64) angled toward to the tool with respect to the running part and a second angled part (66) angled in the opposite direction so that said angled parts, when said blade is at rest, are held elastically in the groove of the tool.

Abstract: A gas test system (300) is disclosed comprised of a flow loop (302), a blower system (304), a temperature control system (306), a reference meter system (308), and a unit under test (UUT) system (310). The UUT system connects a unit under test (UUT) to the flow loop. The blower system receives the gas under pressure at an inlet (321), and generates a high flow rate of the gas out of an outlet (322) while generating a low pressure rise from the inlet to the outlet. The temperature control system receives the flow of gas from the blower system and controls the temperature of the gas. The reference meter system and the UUT in the UUT system measure a property of the gas circulating through the flow loop. The measurements of the reference meter system can be compared to the measurements of the UUT to calibrate the UUT.

Abstract: An elastic wave pulse is generated in a metal rod (1) by impacting an end surface (2) of the metal rod with each of two round, concentric projectiles (8, 10) from a double launch tube (4, 5) independently, and by impacting both projectiles simultaneously or at a prescribed time interval. An acceleration sensor (23) is provided on another end surface (22) of the metal rod to measure an acceleration of the other end surface arising when the elastic wave pulse generated by the impact of the projectiles reflects at the other end surface. The motion of the end surface is measured by a laser interferometer (24) or by a strain gauge (25) provided on a side surface of the metal rod, and the measured signals are calculated and corrected as appropriate. The dynamic linearity of the acceleration sensor is obtained by comparing in time domain and frequency domain the calculated results with the measured values of the acceleration sensor.

Abstract: A resonance and/or vibration measurement device has a resonance and/or vibration measuring device adapted to be fitted to an elongate member with which the device is to be used. A processing device is connected to the resonance and/or vibration measuring device in which the resonance and/or vibration measuring device records resonance and/or vibration of the elongate member with which it is used caused by the striking of a material in use. The processing device is adapted to identify a pre-determined characteristic of the material from the recorded resonance and/or vibration measurement.

Abstract: A method of overcoming the problems of measuring the exhaust flow from a vehicle engine, which flow is pulsating and reversing, making it difficult to accurately measure. An amount of flow is added to the exhaust flow so that the combined amount of flow exceeds the reversals, and therefore the flow through the primary measuring device is raised a sufficient amount so that the measured flow of the exhaust is always positive. The source of the added flow can be by diverting some of the exhaust flow itself downstream from the measurement device and reintroducing it upstream of the measurement device. In the alternative, the added flow can be from a source external to the exhaust flow.

Abstract: A hand-held, ultra-sensitive gas chromatograph which provides real time detection and analysis of chemical compounds or impurities is disclosed. The detection sensitivity ranges from parts per trillion to parts per million with an average retention time ranging from thirty to forty-five seconds. Optimum calculated effective plate number is 55,000, with a response time on the order of two minutes. The self-contained apparatus operates on twenty-four watts, weighs twelve pounds, and measures 8?×6?×13.

Abstract: A system for detecting fine liquid, e.g., oil, particles in a gas system having a high pressure compressor and at least two gas handling devices, e.g., a coalescer and at least one adsorber. The detection system uses plural sensors and a monitor unit to detect the presence of such fine liquid particles in various portions of the gas system and to provide alert signals in response thereto. The alert signals can be used by associated valves to control the gas system.

Abstract: A system for testing devices for detecting airborne particulate matter generates a first airflow and a second airflow. The second airflow is filtered to remove ambient airborne particulate matter from the second airflow, and particulate matter to be detected is aerosolized and introduced into the second airflow. The second airflow is sampled by an optical particle counter to determine an amount of particulate matter released into the second airflow. The first and second airflows are combined, and the combined airflows are sampled by one or more detecting devices to be tested. Detection results of the tested detecting devices are compared with the amount of particulate matter released into the second airflow as determined by the optical particle counter to assess the accuracy and functionality of the detecting devices.

Abstract: A multi-function device for testing masks such as NBC masks used in civilian and military applications. In its preferred form, the device is self-contained and can be readily transported to field sites by one or two individuals. The device includes a protective storage and transport case. The case includes an upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portion of the case houses the power unit assembly and includes sufficient storage space to store such things as an aerosol generator reservoir, various headform accessories, a containment shroud, manuals (e.g. installation, operation and maintenance manuals) and nominal tools. The lower portion of the case houses the head assembly and controller unit which are preferably mounted on a cover or top panel. Underneath the top or cover panel of the lower portion of the case are stored the light scattering chamber, flow sensor, pressure transducer, circuit boards and valves.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and a device for forming an interface between a first and a second essentially immiscible liquid, especially for the measurement of the surface tension at said interface. According to the invention, a volume of the first liquid is added to a first well having a closed bottom, walls and an upper opening in a horizontal surface. A volume of the second liquid is added to a second well, e.g. in the form of a bore or a sleeve having an upper well opening and a lower well opening which lower well opening rests in a sealing relationship on the said horizontal surface, the said surface closing the lower opening, but in sliding engagement therewith. The lower opening of the second well is brought into alignment with the upper opening of the first well, thus depositing the volume of the second liquid on top of the surface of the volume of the first liquid, to form the desired liquid-liquid interface.