Abstract: A pivotable folding utility table includes a table top having a pair of support pedestals pivotally attached thereto. A first pivotal support brace including a distal end and a proximal end attached to the first support pedestal. A second pivotal support brace including a distal end and a proximal end attached to the second support pedestal. The distal ends of the first and second pivotal support braces pivotally attached to a retaining assembly preferably mounted in relation to the table top. Specifically, the retaining assembly includes a cross-brace member operably disposed through openings formed in the distal ends of the first and second pivotal support braces, thus providing a pivotal engagement in relation to the table top.

Abstract: A pivotable folding utility table includes a table top having a pair of support pedestals pivotally attached thereto. A first pivotal support brace including a distal end and a proximal end attached to the first support pedestal. A second pivotal support brace including a distal end and a proximal end attached to the second support pedestal. The distal ends of the first and second pivotal support braces pivotally attached to a retaining assembly preferably mounted in relation to the table top. Specifically, the retaining assembly includes a cross-brace member operably disposed through openings formed in the distal ends of the first and second pivotal support braces, thus providing a pivotal engagement in relation to the table top.

Abstract: A furnace comprising a housing defining a combustion chamber therein, a burner in the housing, the burner comprising a body defining a burning zone, a fuel feeder in communication with the burning zone adapted to feed a renewable fuel source therein, an air supplier in fluid flow communication with the burning zone for supplying oxygen for fuel combustion, a cooling jacket integrated in the body and cooling the burning zone independently of the air supplier, the burner being operable to release hot combustion gases into the combustion chamber, and a heat exchanger in the housing capturing heat from the hot combustion gases and transferring the heat to another medium.

Abstract: A method of decreasing a concentration of nitrogen oxides in a combustion gas flowing through a vessel including: generating a flue gas in a combustion zone of the vessel, the flue gas containing nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide; providing overfire air into a burnout zone of the vessel from a first injector of overfire air to oxidize at least some of the carbon monoxide in the flue gas; injecting a selective reducing agent concurrent with overfire air at a level in the burnout zone downstream of the first injector of overfire air and downstream of the oxidization of the carbon monoxide, and reacting the selective reducing agent with the flue gas to reduce the nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A twin row planter comprises a drive and a pair of planter units powered by the drive. The planter units include seed metering wheels that are synchronized to discharge seeds in a predetermined staggered pattern along a harvesting row. One of the planter units is adjustable relative to the drive so as to achieve the desired pattern. In particular, the adjustable planter unit includes a connector that is configurable into a plurality of discrete indexing positions. The connector positions determine the relative angular offset between the metering wheels and, thereby, control the spacing of seed within the pattern.

Abstract: An adjustment mechanism for setting the position of a singulator in a seed meter. The singulator comprises an arm pivotally mounted about a pivot adjacent a seed disk. A shaft with an eccentric connection to a radially outward portion of the arm has a lever pivotally connected on it. The lever has a cam mechanism to displace an actuating sleeve into a resilient sleeve to lock the shaft in a given position when the lever is extending in the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft. When the lever is moved to a right angle orientation the shaft is free to pivot and thus set the position of the arm.

Abstract: A sewing frame for extending and holding a sewing cloth is provided with a supported portion, such as a shaft and an engagement portion, which is movably or rotatably supported at front and rear frame side portions of the rectangular support frame at the front and rear ends. A sewing frame drive mechanism includes a support mechanism for supporting the front and rear ends of the sewing frame movably at the front and rear frame side portions of the support frame which is movable in the longitudinal direction but not movable in the lateral direction. The sewing frame drive unit includes left and right protruding portions to the left and right of recess portions of a table, and a front hanging preventive mechanism formed of left and right frame side portions of the support frame movably disposed on the left and right protruding portions in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A top side of a deck can have a generally flat shape. A pedestal-like operator's seat base can be disposed slightly rearwardly from a central part of the deck. On an upper part of the operator's seat base, an operator's seat, a passenger's seat and a handlebar can be provided. A cowl can form a front face of the operator's seat base and can have an air inlet for introducing ambient air therethrough into an engine room. The air inlet can be provided with a water separating structure for separating ambient water from the ambient air to prevent any entry of the water into the engine room. A handrail can be provided on an upper part of the operator's seat base. Rails can be provided in a front part of a peripheral edge of the deck. A container including a containing recess and a lid can be provided in a front part of the top side of the deck.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rudder for ships with propeller drive, in which the propeller is arranged to rotate about a propulsion axis, with a rudder blade (15) and a flow body (20) arranged on the rudder blade (15), whereby the flow body designed in a bulb or zeppelin shape is arranged as an extension of the propulsion axis in the region of the rudder blade and is designed to self-destruct or self-detach in the event of an increase in the effect of force, blow, impact or pressure.

Abstract: A boat having a deck with a deck locker is disclosed herein. The deck locker includes a compartment mounted beneath the deck, and an opening in the deck for accessing the interior of the compartment. The locker also includes a lid for covering the opening in the deck. The locker further includes a latching arrangement for releasably securing the lid in a closed position covering the opening. The latching arrangement includes a striker mounted to the lid and a latching member and actuator mounted offset from the lid.

Abstract: A harmonic apparatus designed to affect the performance of waterborne vessels. The vibratory generator is tuned with respect to the fundamental frequency of the vessel at the onset of planning, the various wave patterns generated by the moving vessel and the kinematics of the vortex sheet. As the vessel moves through water, vibrational reactions occur that assist the performance of the vessel. The harmonic apparatus can be reconfigured to operate on several different modalities.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for monitoring a remotely operated vehicle umbilical condition in real time allowing for improving of power delivery as well as early detection of threats to integrity of the umbilical. The umbilical may include an optical fiber. Processing equipment may enable distributed temperature sensing along the optical fiber.

Abstract: An assistive reading device for visually impaired users comprises a sheet-like member containing a photo-active material. The sheet-like member responds to light patterns representing data from a patterned light source to form tactile shapes on its surface. The visually impaired user obtains information by touching the tactile shapes. Preferably, the photo-active material is a layer of cross linked azobenzene liquid-crystalline polymers. The assistive reading device preferably is an output device for a computer.

Abstract: Freeze indicators providing a visual indication of exposure of the freeze indicator to a freezing or near-freezing temperature and their manufacture are disclosed. The freeze indicators employ colloidal dispersions as active elements and include flexible freeze indicators, freeze indicators protected against drying out and freeze indicators employing core shell composites, for example gold coated pigments as active indicator elements. Also disclosed are: a combination freeze indicator and threshold temperature indicator; a combination threshold indicator and cumulative temperature indicator; and three-way combination indicators that can provide indications of cumulative past temperature exposure, exposure to freezing temperatures and exposure to a temperature above a threshold.

Abstract: A bookmark includes a rectangular solid base portion and an elastic member coupled to the base portion at only one end. The elastic member is an endless loop has a ball at one end and is fed through an opening at the end of the base portion. In use, the base portion is inserted into the inside of a book and the elastic member is extended around an outside of the book.

Abstract: A reminder device operating on the exterior of a container comprises a selector retentively engaged with an attached cooperating rail member. The selector is slideably engageable to each of a plurality of selectable positions referencing indicia forming part of an array. The indicia may be inscribed to establish a highly customized reference. A selection may be secured against inadvertent displacement of the selector. In an exemplary embodiment, the selector and the indicia array form a reminder indicating when the next event is due or when the last event occurred. A standardized device is suitable for use with a large variety of curved wall and flat wall containers.

Abstract: Evaporated matters and reaction products produced in a furnace can be exhausted without contacting with a graphite crucible and a heater, and an exhaust pipe per se can be maintained at a high temperature to suppress the deposition and condensation of the evaporated matters and reaction products, whereby the clogging of the exhaust pipe is prevented, in addition, a conversion of the exhaust pipes per se into SiC is suppressed to improve the durability of the exhaust pipe, and the change in thermal expansion coefficient is suppressed, whereby a thermal single crystal can be pulled up in high quality. Further, the exhaust pipe is formed of a small number of materials to reduce a production cost. A heat shield (12) made of a heat insulating material is provided outside a heater (6), and a plurality of exhaust pipes (20) are provided between the heater (6) and the heat shield (12).

Abstract: An apparatus to help control the quality of printed three-dimensional objects is provided. The apparatus may include a printing head to print a three-dimensional object and a printing tray having defined surface characteristics serving to control adherence of the object being printed to the printing tray and/or prevent deformations in the printed object.

Abstract: A system for coating implantable medical devices, such as stents, and a method of coating stents using the system is also disclosed. The system includes a barrier or barriers for isolating an area of the stent on which a composition for coating a stent is applied. Two coating compositions can be applied simultaneously to a stent by separate nozzles on different sides of a barrier. Cross-contamination of the compositions is prevented by the barrier.

Abstract: A lift pin driving device and a flat panel display (FPD) manufacturing apparatus having the device are provided. The lift pin driving device can precisely move a plurality of lift pins using one motor, thus realizing a simple lift pin driving structure and a simple motor control structure. This allows a space below a chamber body of the manufacturing apparatus to be configured in a variety of ways, thus reducing the cost of equipment and the production cost of products.

Abstract: A method of designing and the resulting thermally stable heated coating die apparatus, the die apparatus including a die having a die geometry and a heating system with heaters and temperature sensors. The method and resultant apparatus provides minimized temperature gradients, flat die lip faces in a die to roll plane and a flat die in a plane perpendicular to die flat lip faces and parallel to substrate width. The method optimizes simultaneously: die geometry, placement of the heaters, placement of temperature sensors, and shielding from operating conditions, using heat transfer and structural numerical modeling and statistical analysis while considering die functionality characteristics, minimum increment of temperature measurement and control accuracy related to minimum acceptable deviation from flatness, coating die material of construction relative to thermo-structural material properties, and desirable coating die material properties.

Abstract: A reactor configured to subject a substrate to alternately repeated surface reactions of vapor-phase reactants is disclosed. The reactor includes a reaction chamber, one or more inlets, and an exhaust outlet. The reaction chamber includes a reaction space. The reactor also includes a gas flow control guide structure within the reaction chamber. The gas flow control guide structure resides over the reaction space and is interposed between the inlets and the reaction space such that a laminar flow is generated in the reaction space. The gas flow control guide structure includes one or more channels. Each of the channels extends from a respective one of the inlets to a first portion of a periphery of the reaction space. Each of the channels defines a flow path extending from the respective one of the inlets to the reaction space.

Abstract: The invention provides a plasma processing apparatus for processing a wafer mounted on a sample stage placed in a vacuum processing chamber using a plasma generated in the vacuum chamber. The plasma processing apparatus comprises a plate placed in the vacuum processing vessel above and opposed to the wafer, the plate having a through hole through which a first processing gas is introduced; a first and second cylindrical member arranged vertically and adjacently; and means communicating with the gap between the first and second cylindrical member for supplying a second processing gas. The wafer is processed while the first processing gas and the second processing gas having different compositions are supplied.

Abstract: In a susceptor (10) having a wafer pocket (101) for receiving a wafer W at the time of vapor-phase growth, the wafer pocket has at least a first pocket portion (102) for loading an outer circumferential portion of the wafer and a second pocket portion (103) formed to be lower than the first pocket and having a smaller diameter than that of the first pocket portion, and a fluid passage (105) having one end (105a) opening on a vertical wall (103a) of said second pocket portion and the other end (105b) opening on a back surface (104) or a side surface (106) of the susceptor is formed.

Abstract: A susceptor for holding a single crystal wafer for LED production is provided which includes a susceptor body having a recess for receiving a single crystal wafer, wherein the recess has a surface having a surface roughness (Rmax) of not greater than about 10 microns. The susceptor body also includes silicon impregnated silicon carbide and a nitride layer overlying the susceptor body.

Abstract: An elevated feeder or framework holds the round bales of feedstock off the ground while providing a convenient height for the livestock to feed from. The bale feeder is made by rigidly connecting tubular elements, of the same or different diameters together, at any angle, without the use of special fasteners. The elevated feeder holds the bales with the flat ends in a position that is the most convenient for the livestock to consume the feedstock. The elevated feeder keeps the feedstock bales off the ground by supporting the feedstock on an adjustable, flexible mesh bale support, with openings to permit rain and water to drain away from the feedstock. The mesh bale support length is adjusted by moving the mesh support clamping bars closer to or farther away from the ends of the mesh raises or lowers the bale to accommodate the feeding height of the livestock being fed.

Abstract: An animal litter is provided for simultaneously delivering urine-absorbent and mental-stimulating properties of the litter. The litter includes in combination a plurality of urine-absorbent particles forming a litter particulate component and a plurality of unfoldable polymeric cylinders constituting a polymeric cylinder component and intermixed with the urine-absorbent particles. The polymeric cylinders have a mean cylinder height of between 1 and 30 millimeters, a ratio of cylinder height to cylinder diameter of 1:1 to 12:1, and a strip length to cylinder height ratio of greater than 10:1. The litter particulate component is present relative to the cylinders in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 25:1. A process is further provided to mental stimulation and boredom reduction of a caged animal. The process includes providing the animal with the above inventive litter and allowing sufficient time for the animal to unfold a portion of the polymeric cylinders.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and device for detecting estrus in animal by sensing along time the motion of the animal and identifying when the sensed motion is not related to eating periods of the animal. Based on the sensed motion which is not related to eating periods the estrus in the animal is identified.

Abstract: A method of determining breeding status in animals by (a) determining a breeding event (cyclicity, mounting, pregnancy, open) time, (b) providing an estrus or other breeding event detection apparatus, (c) affixing the estrus detection apparatus at a predetermined location on a female animal at a predetermined application time prior to the breeding event time, and (d) monitoring the estrus detection apparatus for activation thereof. An indicator apparatus is provided for use in indicating when an animal is in estrus. The apparatus is configured to be affixed to the rump of an animal to detect and indicate when the animal has been mounted and, thus, when the animal is in estrus. The apparatus is affixed to the animal by an adhesive layer. Layered on the top surface of the adhesive layer is an indicator layer that is in turn covered with a floodcoat layer. The floodcoat layer is adapted for removal upon the mounting of the first animal by a second animal.

Abstract: An “implant and forget” device for interacting with biota after a pre-established time period. Preferably, the biota are fauna and more particularly fish. In select embodiments, the device comprises packaging enclosing an apparatus for timing interaction via opening the packaging. In select embodiments of the present invention, the device is a sealed capsule inserted in fish. Embodiments of the present invention are implanted in triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) to facilitate control of aquatic weeds in bodies of water. When the carp have been in the water for a pre-established approximate period of time, toxins in the device are dispensed via long term bioerosion of the sealed opening in the packaging. Otherwise, the carp may destroy all vegetation and harm the aquatic environment for other aquatic life. Several alternative bioerodible seal configurations are provided as embodiments.

Abstract: A submersible rotatable cage for fish farming comprises a central axle, a buoyant structure positioned about the central, a netting attached to the buoyant structure and an actuator in operable communication with at least part of the buoyant structure and adapted to facilitate rotation of the buoyant structure about the central axle while the cage is in a submerged position. The cage can form part of a system, which includes a net cleaning apparatus, a tethering mechanism and sweep net, that can be used for nearly complete underwater fish farming.

Abstract: A transport vehicle for transporting animals such as chickens has a compartment and front and rear ventilating fans. The compartment includes a front wall and an opposing rear wall, connected by a roof, a floor and two side walls. The front ventilating fan is situated in or near an opening in the front wall for extracting air from the compartment. The rear ventilating fan is situated in or near an opening in the rear wall for extracting air from the compartment. The compartment further includes an air vent for allowing air into the compartment. A controller operably connected to the front and rear ventilating fans for alternately activating the front ventilating fan and then the rear ventilating fan.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for euthanizing animals humanely and painlessly by introducing a gas at a first flow rate to cause the animals to reach narcosis. Then, the gas is introduced at an elevated second flow rate to induce a death to the animal that substantially meets or exceeds national and international standards for euthanasia.

Abstract: A self-cleaning kennel which provides a plurality of kennel panels each of which can provide a nozzle coupled to the kennel panel frame which fluidicly couples to a hollow space inside the kennel panel frame to provide a flow path between a liquid source and a nozzle orifice through which an amount of liquid flows to self clean the kennel.

Abstract: A pet pen for housing a pet is provided. The pet pen comprises a plurality of enclosing members with each enclosing member having a wall body and an opening end. The enclosing members form the pen by overlapping a portion of the wall body at two or more of the opening ends, and the pen width can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the overlapping portion. The pen width can be adjusted without removing an enclosing member.

Abstract: A pet gate is disclosed. The pet gate having a front panel with a side panel disposed at each side of the front panel. Each side panel of the pet gate extends in a direction of intersection with the front panel allowing the pet gate to stand alone. The pet gate further comprises a door formed by one of the side panels in its entirety. The door is coupled on one side to the front panel by a hinge that allows rotation. The other side of the door is not coupled to a structural element. This allows the door to swing about the hinge in such a way that when in a state of use, the door opens and closes to allow passage of persons. The gate is set to a height such that it is difficult for a person to step over the gate.

Abstract: An animal garment includes a first layer of temperature controlling fabric which reacts to changing temperatures, and an second layer of heat retaining and releasing fabric. The first layer of temperature controlling fabric includes a polymer structure that closes to retain the heat and opens to release heat and moisture. The second layer of heat retaining and releasing fabric includes molecules which change phase.

Abstract: An animal control arrangement having a plurality of leashes which may be attached to the collars of animals to be controlled while walking, exercising, training, or the like and which reduces the likelihood of the leashes becoming tangled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchange element intended for a central heating boiler, which heat exchange element is designed as a monocasting from substantially aluminum, the heat exchange element being provided with walls which bound a water-carrying channel, and with at least one wall which bounds at least one flue gas draft to which a burner can be connected, at least one wall which bounds the at least one flue gas draft being water-cooled in that it also forms a boundary of the water-carrying channel, while one said at least one water-cooled wall is provided with heat exchanging surface enlarging pins and/or fins which extend in the respective flue gas draft, wherein the cross-sectional surface of a said pin and/or fin is smaller than 25 mm2. The invention also relates to a central heating boiler provided with such a heat exchange element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of disposing of produced water and to a produced water disposal apparatus including a container for receiving and holding produced water; and a burner having a combustion chamber, wherein at least a portion of the combustion chamber is submerged in the water and the submerged portion of the combustion chamber comprises a sparger tube through which combustion gases emerge into, mix with and agitate the water. The present invention further relates to a mechanism for removing debris from the produced water disposal apparatus. In one embodiment, heat is supplied from an externally operated combustion system, rather than the submerged combustion. In one embodiment, the apparatus provides a concentrator, in which a solute can be removed and recovered from an aqueous medium containing the solute.

Abstract: A liquid fuel supply and evaporator system for use in connection with combustion-powered fastener-driving tools comprises an evaporator housing which is disposed in thermal communication with the combustion chamber housing of the tool in order to absorb heat or thermal radiation generated within the tool combustion chamber. A sintered metal liquid fuel evaporator element is interposed between the evaporator housing and a liquid fuel distribution manifold whereby the liquid fuel is effectively converted into a gaseous fuel which is then transmitted by a gas distribution manifold toward the combustion chamber of the fastener-driving tool.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine includes a reformer, and a heating unit composed of a power source connected to a reforming catalyst composed by carrying a catalyst on a metal foil, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode of the reforming catalyst. The reformer includes the reforming catalyst, and reforms a reforming mixture of reforming fuel and reforming air by the reforming catalyst to generate reformed gas containing hydrogen. This reformed gas is supplied to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Before the reforming mixture is supplied to the reforming catalyst, a temperature of the reforming catalyst is raised to a predetermined preheating temperature higher than an adiabatic reaction temperature in partial oxidation reaction, and then the internal combustion engine is started.

Abstract: A hydrogen engine system for driving an engine with hydrogen gases as a fuel comprises a hydrogenated liquid fuel tank, which holds a hydrogenated liquid fuel in a liquid phase, a preheater, to which the hydrogenated liquid fuel and a dehydrogenated fuel from the hydrogen feed unit are transported and which preheats the hydrogenated liquid fuel owing to heat exchange, an vaporizer, to which the hydrogenated liquid fuel as preheated and exhaust gases of the engine are transported and which heats the hydrogenated liquid fuel to put the same in a vapor phase, and a hydrogen feed unit, to which the hydrogenated liquid fuel as vaporized and exhaust gases of the engine are transported and which generates hydrogen gases owing to dehydrogenation to transport the same to the engine.

Abstract: A hydrogen fuel system for an internal combustion engine includes an electrolyzer for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases. A water reservoir in fluid communication with the electrolyzer is provided to maintain the water level in the electrolyzer at an optimum operating level. Hydrogen and oxygen generated by the electrolyzer may be routed to the internal combustion engine to provide the fuel for the engine. Hydrogen and oxygen generated by the electrolyzer which is not consumed by operation of the engine may be stored in pressurized storage tanks for use when required to power the internal combustion engine. Expanders are incorporated in the fuel system of the invention for recovering energy from high pressure high enthalpy process gases for charging the main electrical circuit of the invention.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of positively preventing a misfire or knocking during a compression ignition combustion mode by switching from the compression ignition combustion mode to a spark ignition combustion mode in appropriate timing. The engine is operated while switching between the compression ignition and spark ignition combustion modes. The control system (ECU) sets a target operating gas temperature to which the temperature of operating gases in a combustion chamber is to be controlled in the compression ignition combustion mode, sets a target internal EGR amount to which the internal EGR amount is to be controlled, such that the temperature of operating gases in the combustion chamber becomes equal to the target operating gas temperature, and switches the combustion mode to the spark ignition combustion mode depending on the target internal EGR amount.

Abstract: A coolant groove-type internal combustion engine has a cylinder block that includes a frame having at least one longitudinal surface and a lateral member transverse to the longitudinal surface, the lateral member defining a coolant passage therethrough, wherein the lateral member also defines at least one cylinder opening and a groove coolant port extending from the coolant passage to the cylinder opening. A cylinder liner includes a cylindrical member, defining an elongated cylinder bore. The cylinder member has an outer surface that has a diameter that allows the cylindrical member to be fitted into the cylinder opening so as to form a coolant jacket between the outer surface of the cylindrical member and the longitudinal surface. The outer surface of the cylindrical member includes an upper portion that plugs the groove coolant port.

Abstract: A variable valve lift apparatus is provided comprising: an arm; a valve and valve springs connected to a first end of the arm for controlling an air intake and an air exhaust; a driving plunger disposed in a driving plunger groove formed on a second end of the arm which is opposite to the first end; a driving plunger portion elastic member disposed in the driving plunger groove for biasing the driving plunger; a support coupled to a cylinder head for supporting the driving plunger; a locking unit for selectively fixing the driving plunger; and a hydraulic pressure supply unit for selectively supplying hydraulic pressure to the locking unit.

Abstract: No-load valve lift correction curves of opening and closing cams are set by offsetting no-load curve sections of basic valve lift curves of the cams in such directions as to increase a clearance between the curves, and they are connected with remaining sections of the curves to provide normal valve lift curves of the cams. Cam profiles of the cams are set on the basis of such normal valve lift curves. The cam profiles are set so that an ultimate speed difference between jumping and landing speeds of a follower on an ultimate valve speed curve determined from ultimate valve lift curves, having first and second shift sections where the follower shifts from the opening cam to the closing cam and from the closing cam to the opening cam, is smaller than a basic speed difference between jumping and landing speeds on a basic valve speed curve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mounting module in which an oil control valve for tappet control is mounted in a cylinder deactivation engine. The mounting module of the invention is separately fabricated and coupled to the cylinder head and has various oil passages connecting the oil paths between the oil control valve and the cylinder head with each other and thereby the die structure for molding the cylinder head is simplified. Because of its separately fabricating process it is possible to design the part freely and in a small size and to reduce the cost of die, material, manufacturing and its weight as well. Furthermore, the number of related parts such as steel ball, taker plug, etc. and unnecessary portions in the shape are considerably reduced, thus providing an optimized structure and reducing the manufacturing cost as well as its weight.

Abstract: A catalytic reformer assembly comprising a mixing chamber wherein fuel and air are mixed. The wall of the mixing chamber tapers toward an outlet end. A catalyst bed formed in an annular shape surrounds the outlet end such that the walls of the mixing chamber shield the catalyst from direct exposure to fuel droplets injected into the mixing chamber. The fuel/air mixture flows out of the mixing chamber, then turns and counterflows through the catalyst bed outside the mixing chamber. Hot reformate from the catalyst bed flows in a reformate flow chamber extending along the outer surface of the walls of the mixing chamber, heating the wall surface within the mixing chamber for instantaneous evaporation of injected fuel. A plenum for incoming air surrounds the reformate flow chamber which is also heated thereby.