Abstract: The invention provides the Intensity Magnetic Field Axle-Free Turbo Fuel Saver, it comprising : plastic bearing, bearing sleeves, Axle-free turbine and a cross-shaped high intensity magnetic filed internally round-shaped shaft. It is installed in the air blowing rubber hose of the motor consuming gasoline or diesel. It sends air into the cylinders of the motor, utilizing high intensity magnetization and utilizing the strong circular movement of the air and air pressure coming from the high speed spinning of the axle-free turbine. This can increase the burning speed, cleanness and the completeness of the gasoline or diesel so that oil saving and output power increasing effect is achieved. It applies to any type of cars, trucks and any motor-driven vehicles using gasoline or diesel.

Abstract: A resin composition for a component of an air intake system of an internal combustion engine including the following components (1), (2), and (3): [Components] (1) polypropylene-based resin: 67 to 89 wt % (2) acid-modified polypropylene-based resin: 1 to 3 wt % (3) carbon fiber and graphite powder: 10 to 30 wt %, the relationship between the thickness and the resonance frequency of a test specimen formed of the resin composition satisfying the following expression: [Relationship between thickness and resonance frequency]resonance frequency (Hz)?(98.5×thickness (mm))+15.

Abstract: An intake system of an internal combustion engine includes an engine head, a resin made intake manifold mounted at the engine head and having intake passages, the resin made intake manifold forming a receiving portion on an inner wall of each intake passage at a downstream side, and a control unit disposed at the receiving portion and including a resin made cartridge, an opening and closing valve disposed at the cartridge, and a shaft rotating the valve, wherein a clearance is provided between an inner circumferential surface of the receiving portion and an outer circumferential surface of the cartridge to allow deformation of the resin made intake manifold, and the cartridge is provided with a flange held between the engine head and the resin made intake manifold.

Abstract: A cylinder head in which a partition wall for separating exhaust ports of adjoining cylinders extends from between these adjoining cylinders to an exhaust merging portion and the partition wall is formed with a head bolt insertion hole inside it, an oil passage is formed in the partition wall between the front end of the partition wall facing the exhaust merging portion and the head bolt insertion hole, and a heat insulating layer is formed inside the partition wall between the front end of the partition wall and the oil passage.

Abstract: An engine cover which can improve the assembly work and prevent noise generated at a joint between divisional bodies is provided. A first divisional body of the engine cover includes a first cover main body and a first mounting end portion provided to one end portion of the first cover main body, and a second divisional body of the engine cover includes a second cover main body and a second mounting end portion provided to one end portion of the second cover main body. The first mounting end portion is provided with a first engaging end portion arranged in a down direction of the first cover main body and extending in a diametric direction outwardly thereof. The second mounting end portion is provided with a second engaging end portion arranged in a down direction of the second cover main body and extending in a diametric direction outwardly thereof.

Abstract: A cooling circuit of an oil cooler for a vehicle that reduces the number of parts and provides an elegance appearance of the engine by applying a cooling circuit structure of a parallel type oil cooler having a good layout and a high cooling efficiency to configure the cooling circuit of the oil cooler having a simplified and independent flow path structure without any pipe coming out of the engine. The cooling circuit receives a cooling water of the lowest temperature through a cooling water inlet formed in a cylinder block to cool the oil cooler and directly connects the cooling water of the oil cooler to a cooling water intake established in a water pump.

Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency of the engine.

Abstract: An air valve and its method of use including an air valve housing; a throttle plate disposed on a throttle shaft; a driven gear attached on the throttle shaft; a brushless direct current motor assembly in connection via a pinion with the driven gear; an integrated electronic valve controller including digital signal processing on a circuit board; and a throttle position sensor on the circuit board, wherein the throttle position sensor includes at least one non-contact type sensor. In a preferred embodiment, the air valve includes an inlet port and an outlet port connected to an engine via an air intake manifold, such that re-circulated exhaust gas is introduced into the air intake manifold.

Abstract: An air valve and its method of use including an air valve housing; a throttle plate disposed on a throttle shaft; a driven gear attached on the throttle shaft; a brushless direct current motor assembly in connection via a pinion with the driven gear; an integrated electronic valve controller including digital signal processing on a circuit board; and a throttle position sensor on the circuit board, wherein the throttle position sensor includes at least one non-contact type sensor. In a preferred embodiment, the air valve includes an inlet port and an outlet port connected to an engine via an air intake manifold, such that re-circulated exhaust gas is introduced into the air intake manifold.

Abstract: An accumulator fuel injection apparatus is provided in which average pressure in the common rail can be detected by an extremely simple and inexpensive means with increased accuracy to be used as a control signal for controlling fuel injection. A pressure detection room is formed at an end part of the accumulation chamber such that the pressure detection room is connected to the accumulation chamber of the common rail, an orifice is provided between the pressure detection room and the accumulation chamber of the common rail to communicate the pressure detection room with the accumulation chamber by a throttled sectional area, and a common rail pressure sensor for detecting fuel pressure in the accumulation chamber is attached to an end of the common rail to face the pressure detection room.

Abstract: A direct cylinder fuel injection-type spark ignition internal combustion engine which executes a stratified charge combustion by vaporizing the fuel while flying after having been injected into the cylinder in the compression stroke to form a mixture in a portion in the cylinder, and by igniting and burning the mixture by positioning the spark gap of a spark plug in the mixture at the ignition timing before the compression top dead center, wherein when the fuel is required in an increased amount and the air-fuel ratio of the mixture formed by the fuel injected by the first fuel injection near the ignition timing becomes too rich, part of the required amount of fuel is injected by a second fuel injection in the compression stroke separately from the first fuel injection and when the amount of fuel injected by the second fuel injection becomes larger than a preset amount, the second fuel injection is brought to the side in advance of the first fuel injection and when the amount of fuel injected by the second fu

Abstract: When a catalyst temperature ?c is higher than a threshold value ?ref (S320), an increase coefficient Kf is set so as to tend to be larger as opening and closing timing of an intake valve is advanced, an intake air flow Qa is larger, and a rotation speed Ne of the engine 22 becomes higher (S340), a target fuel injection quantity Qf* is set based on a product of a basic fuel injection quantity Qftmp set based on the intake air flow Qa and an increase coefficient Kf (S350), and fuel injection of the set target fuel injection quantity Qf* is performed (S360).

Abstract: A canister for a motor vehicle is connected to a fuel tank and a throttle pipe to adsorb fuel gas containing noxious constituents, which are generated in a fuel tank. A first space and a second space, through which the fuel gas flows, are defined, the fuel gas flows in opposite directions through the respective first and second spaces, the second space is divided into space parts by a plurality of support filters, a fuel gas reducing device is installed in one space part, which is delimited by two support filters, and air flow through the fuel gas reducing device is perpendicular to air flow through the first and second spaces.

Abstract: A system for a vehicle, comprising of an engine, an air intake passage coupled to the engine, an exhaust passage coupled to the engine, a fuel vapor storage system fluidly coupled with the intake air passage and the exhaust passage, said fuel vapor storage system configured to store and release fuel vapors, a control system configured to during a first mode, route exhaust gas from the engine to the fuel vapor storage system via at least the exhaust passage, and during a second mode, route at least fresh air to the fuel vapor storage system to release fuel vapors from the fuel vapor storage system before being inducted into the engine via the air intake passage to be burned.

Abstract: A fuel injector is disclosed in which at least one electrically-controlled valve is arranged within an injector body and is connected to an injector body contact which is accessible from outside by means of a solid conductor having an essentially stable form under the influence of its intrinsic weight. The at least one solid conductor is run through at least one conductor channel and at least one alignment sleeve which may be completely or partly inserted in at least one conductor channel and forces the at least one solid conductor completely or partly to adopt a given inclination to the injector axis and hence aligns the same.

Abstract: An upstream portion of an intake passage is positioned upstream of a supercharger. An intermediate portion is positioned between the supercharger and a throttle valve. A downstream portion is positioned downstream of the throttle valve. A blow-by gas processing apparatus has a first breather passage, a second breather passage, and an introduction passage. The first breather passage connects an interior of the engine with the downstream portion. The second breather passage has a pump that pressure feeds gas from the interior of the engine to the intake passage. The introduction passage connects at least one of the upstream portion and the intermediate portion with the interior of the engine. Accordingly, the interior of the engine is efficiently ventilated.

Abstract: The device is an impulse generator which produces very high-frequency pulses. The device is installed along the primary circuit of the ignition system. The high-frequency pulses running through the primary circuit will induce similarly high-frequency pulses on the secondary circuit via the ignition coil. The induced high-frequency pulses then run though the spark plugs via the secondary circuit. These pulses will not add to additional burden to the ignition system but can effectively prevent the build-up of electrically resistive materials, especially the deposits on the spark plugs.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising a combustion space, which is enclosed by a cylinder having an end wall, and a piston that is connected to a crankshaft, which piston is capable of reciprocating motion within the cylinder between a position in which the combustion space has a minimum volume and a position in which the combustion space has a maximum volume, wherein a first valve is capable of closing an inlet opening in the end wall and a second valve is capable of closing an outlet opening in the end wall, which outlet opening is at least substantially closed at the moment when, at least substantially not before said moment, and the inlet opening is open at the moment when the piston is in the position in which the combustion space has its minimum volume, and wherein the minimum volume of the combustion space in cold condition amounts to less than 3% of the maximum volume of the combustion space.

Abstract: In order to provide a two-stroke motor, in particular for a portable, hand-guided working device with a combustion space formed in a cylinder and a piston guided in the cylinder so that it performs a lifting movement, at least one transfer port is provided which is formed at least from a combustion-space-side opening section, a rising section and a crankcase-space-side inlet section. The opening section is connected to the inlet section by the rising section arranged approximately parallel to the piston barrel. The motor has a small flow resistance because of its geometric design, despite maintaining small opening windows into the combustion space, and allows simple casting production. The transfer port forms in the inlet section a whole port which passes in a single-flow manner into the rising section and is divided by a division at least into a first partial port and a second partial port at least in the upper region of the rising section adjoining the opening section.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus feedback-controls a mixture air-fuel ratio of air-fuel mixture supplied to each cylinder of the engine based on an exhaust air-fuel ratio detected by an air-fuel ratio sensor. The control apparatus further calculates an exhaust air-fuel ratio change rate at every predetermined interval and integrates an absolute value of the exhaust air-fuel ratio change rate. The control apparatus determines an abnormality in any one of engine cylinders when an integration value of the exhaust air-fuel ratio change rate exceeds a predetermined reference value.

Abstract: A burnpot for a solid particulate stove is disclosed. The burnpot includes a bottom cover, a top cover, two side plates connecting the top cover and the bottom cover, a bottom grate having a plurality of bottom grate apertures disposed therein and positioned intermediate the bottom cover and the top cover, a top grate having a plurality of top grate apertures disposed therein and positioned intermediate the bottom grate and the top cover and an air passageway configured to direct air to a burn chamber of the burnpot through the bottom grate and the top grate.

Abstract: A door assembly for a cooking appliance including a cabinet, a lower oven cavity and an upper oven cavity defined within the cabinet is provided. The door assembly includes a lower oven door movably coupled to the cabinet and configured to cover the lower oven cavity. The lower oven door defines a lower oven door air inlet and a lower oven door air outlet. A lower oven door air passage is defined within the lower oven door and provides flow communication between the lower oven door air inlet and the lower oven door air outlet. An upper oven door is movably coupled to the cabinet and configured to cover the upper oven cavity. The upper oven door defines an upper oven door air inlet and an upper oven door air outlet. An upper oven door air passage is defined within the upper oven door and provides flow communication between the upper oven door air inlet and the upper oven door air outlet.

Abstract: An oil burner is disclosed to include a burner body holding a candle on its bottom side for burning, and an oil pan, which has a recessed top open chamber for holding an essential oil, a bottom partition wall supported on the burner body above the candle, an air chamber defined between the recessed top open chamber and the bottom partition wall, and a plurality of air holes cut through the bottom partition wall through which the flow of hot air produced during burning of the candle enters the air chamber to heat the recessed top open chamber evenly and to cause the essential oil to evaporate gradually.

Abstract: A respiratory therapy device including a housing and an interrupter valve assembly. The housing includes a patient inlet, an exhaust outlet, a chamber, and a supply inlet. The interrupter valve assembly is associated with the housing and includes a control port fluidly connecting the patient inlet and the first chamber, and a valve body adapted to selectively obstruct fluid flow through the control port. In a passive mode, positive fluid flow to the supply inlet does not occur, and the interrupter valve assembly interacts with exhaled air create an oscillatory PEP effect. In an active mode, fluid flow to the supply inlet occurs and the interrupter valve assembly operates to create a CHFO effect. The respiratory device can serve as a passive oscillatory PEP device, and when connected to a positive pressure source, as an active device.

Abstract: A nebulizer and a method for controlling an amount of liquid that is atomized by the nebulizer is provided. The nebulizer determines an identity of an individual and accesses a remote computer to determine a desired amount of liquid to atomize for the individual.

Abstract: A nebulizer and methods for controlling the nebulizer are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, the nebulizer activates a piezo-electric device to atomize liquid only when a person is inhaling.

Abstract: A device and method for delivering a therapeutic drug to a patient in the form of an aerosol includes a heat generating chamber and an aerosol forming chamber separated by a heat conductor. A heating element is disposed within the heat generating chamber in heat conducting relation with the heat conductor. A substrate having a therapeutic drug and an aerosol forming agent deposited thereon is disposed within the aerosol forming chamber in heat conducting relation with the heat conductor. The heating element ignites a fuel source consisting essentially of a combustible liquefied gas to generate heat that is conducted to the heat conductor and then to the substrate via the heat conductor. The heat generated by the heating element activates the aerosol forming agent to volatilize the therapeutic drug into an aerosol drug contained within the aerosol forming chamber and made available to be inhaled by the patient.

Abstract: A respiratory therapy device including a housing and an interrupter valve assembly. The housing is sized for handling by a patient and defines a patient breathing passage extending from a patient end and through which a patient inhales and exhales air. The interrupter valve assembly is carried by the housing and includes a control port, a valve body, and a drive mechanism. Expiratory airflow is released from the patient breathing passage through the control port. The valve body is sized to at least partially obstruct fluid flow through the control port. The drive mechanism moves the valve body relative to the control port in response to the expiratory airflow such that the valve body repeatedly transitions between a position of maximum obstruction and a position of minimum obstruction relative to the control port to create an oscillatory positive expiratory pressure effect.

Abstract: A medical apparatus that holds open a mouth of a patient. The apparatus contains a passage through which the patient can breathe by mouth. The apparatus contains a port to which an oxygen line is connected and which delivers oxygen to the passage for inhalation by the patient. The apparatus contains a sampling port which samples air in the passage and delivers sampled air to a monitoring device. The latter measures, for example, carbon dioxide content in the sampled gas, and issues a warning if carbon dioxide concentration is out-of-bounds. Phosphor material can be added to the apparatus, to make the apparatus glow in a darkened operating room, to allow technicians to easily find the patient's mouth and to insert tools, tubing, instruments and the like in the patient's mouth.

Abstract: Methods are describe for treating intraluminal locations such as in a patient's lung. The device is a catheter which has an elongated shaft with an inner lumen, preferably defined by an inner tubular member, formed of heat resistant polymeric materials such as polyimide and high temperature vapor is directed through the inner lumen into the intraluminal location to treat tissue at and/or distal to the location. The outer surface of the catheter is also formed of heat resistant material. An enlarged or enlargeable member, such as a balloon, is provided on a distal portion of the catheter shaft to prevent proximal flow of the high temperature vapor upon discharge from the catheter.

Abstract: A drug delivery system, which includes an aerosol generator unit, a pumping unit, a flow tube, at least one condensate collector and an aerosol transition adapter. The aerosol generator forms an aerosol from a liquid formulation, which is partially vaporized. The pumping unit supplies the liquid formulation to the aerosol generator unit and a flow tube having an inlet end in fluid communication with an outlet of the aerosol generator unit and an outlet adapted for connection to a patient interface, which supplies ventilation to a patient's lungs. The system also includes at least one condensate collector adapted to collect condensed liquid or liquid produced by the aerosol generator unit, and a transition adapter arranged to mix aerosol produced by the aerosol generator unit with heated air and directs the mixed aerosol into the inlet end of the flow passage.

Abstract: A breathing assistance system having active noise control may include a gas delivery system, a patient interface, a connection system, and a noise control system. The gas delivery system may supply breathing gas to a patient via the connection system and the patient interface. The noise control system may include a processor, a speaker, a reference signal source, and a feedback sensor. The processor may generate noise control signals to be output by the speaker for canceling noise caused by a noise source of the breathing assistance system. The reference signal source may communicate reference signals associated with the noise source. The feedback sensor may detect noise caused by the noise source and noise control signals output by the speaker, and communicate to the processor feedback noise signals based on the detected noise. The processor may generate the noise control signals based at least on the reference signals and the feedback noise signals.

Abstract: A modular medical care system, housing a plurality of different modules providing different functions used in delivering healthcare to a patient, includes a plurality of different modules including: (a) a patient monitoring module for acquiring and processing signals derived from sensors suitable for attachment to a patient; and (b) a patient treatment module for delivering treatment to the patient. A processor processes signals derived from the plurality of different modules. A communication interface provides bidirectional communication between the processor and the plurality of different modules via a network.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting an ineffective effort of a patient being mechanically ventilated by a ventilator comprises (i) monitoring a respiratory flow of air of the patient after said ventilator has cycled; (ii) creating a signal indicative of said flow; (iii) removing artefact from said signal; (iv) monitoring said signal for perturbations; and (v) determining that an ineffective effort has occurred when said perturbation is significant.

Abstract: An oxygen delivery system includes first and second sieve beds configured to selectively receive a supply fluid and separate a substantially oxygen-rich fluid therefrom. A patient conduit having a patient outlet is in alternate selective fluid communication with the sieve beds. The system includes a breath-detection device in fluid communication with the patient conduit, configured to calculate a rate of breathing and to trigger, in response to a breath detection, an output of a predetermined volume of the substantially oxygen-rich fluid alternately from a respective one of the sieve beds. The system also includes a device configured to measure the output flow rate at predetermined intervals. The output, having a target flow rate and a flow rate, occurs during a respective dynamically adjusted patient oxygen delivery phase, which is dependent upon the target flow rate, the output flow rate, and/or the breathing rate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mask for delivery of an aerosolized or nebulized drug to a patient. The mask has an inner surface configured to generate a helical flow of gases within the inner space between the mask and the patient's face after the gases rebound from the patient's face during the process of gas delivery through the mask. The helical flow of gases minimizes the leakage of gases from the interior of said mask under the rim of the mask and toward the patient's eyes.

Abstract: A cushion for a patient interface that delivers breathable gas to a patient includes a base wall structured to be connected to a frame, an underlying support cushion extending away from the base wall towards the patient's face in use, and a membrane provided to substantially cover at least a portion of the underlying cushion. The membrane is adapted to form a continuous seal on the patient's face. The underlying cushion has a spring-like connection with the base wall. The underlying cushion and/or base wall define a spring constant that varies along a length of the seal.

Abstract: A respirator adapted to facilitate ease of donning and comfort during use comprising one or more of an adjustable or elastic strap that facilitates ease of donning and comfort during wear; and/or exhalation vents that direct exhaled air, at least in part, away from a users eye's; and/or fasteners that are easy to use and that facilitate ease of donning and comfort during wear; and/or respirator shapes that facilitate the wearing of eyeglasses with said respirator; and/or bellows-type, pneumatic, or other such components, associated with said respirator, that are adapted to promote adjustability of the fit of the respirator.

Abstract: A headgear assembly for attachment to a patient interface that delivers breathable gas to a patient, includes a pair of side portions and a rear portion that interconnects the pair of side portions, each of the side portions including an upper side strap and a lower side strap, the rear portion including an upper strap, a lower strap, and intermediate connecting straps extending between the upper strap and the lower strap. The headgear assembly is designed and configured so as to be used with a plurality of different mask systems, and to accommodate for variations in the anthropometrics across a wide variety of patients.

Abstract: An endotracheal tube apparatus with two ports. The first port extends from a patient's mouth in a direction substantially in line with the patients oral cavity. The second port extends from a patient's mouth in a second direction. An endotracheal tube adapted to be inserted in a patient's trachea through the patient's mouth, is in fluid communication with the first port and the second port. The second port of the endotracheal tube apparatus may be adapted to be secured to a patient's mandible. The endotracheal tube apparatus may have at least two locations for securing said apparatus to a patient.

Abstract: There is provided a medical tube lumen plug, comprising: a plug, comprising: a body configured to be mechanically coupled to a lumen of a medical tube; and a protrusion configured to extend external to the medical tube, wherein the protrusion is configured to prevent occlusion of an aperture, wherein the aperture is configured to provide a pathway between the lumen and a region external to the medical tube.

Abstract: A facial mask for filtering ambient air is formed from a pre-form of a multilayer flexible flat filter member of a size to extend over the mouth and nostrils of the user. The flat pre-form filter member can have an ovoid perimeter with an endless band of a hypoallergenic adhesive tape encircling a perimeter of the filter member and operable for sealing with the user's skin to prevent leakage over extended use. Portions of the adhesive tape can self-seal during a sizing step to form structural paths for maintaining a central concavity to ensure a large filtration area offset from the nostrils and mouth of the user. The flexible filter material can further include an activated carbon layer.

Abstract: Immobilized diluents in a smoking article are provided, wherein diluents can be immobilized through absorption and/or adsorption of the diluents into immobilizing materials, such as sorbents like silica gels. By immobilizing diluents, the diluents can be available for vaporization, while still being protected from migration and/or loss of the diluents in a smoking article.

Abstract: A finishing comb designed to meet the grooming needs of men is disclosed. The finishing comb has an elongated body having three parallel rows of bristles extending from end to end from the bottom surface of the body. The rows of bristles are a combination of natural bristles and synthetic bristles arranged so that the synthetic bristles penetrate the hair pack and the natural bristles distribute the natural sebum of the hair along the lengths of the hair shafts. In one embodiment, the center row of bristles comprises synthetic bristles and the outer rows of bristles comprise tufts of natural bristles. In an alternative embodiment, the inner row of bristles comprises tufts of natural bristles and the outer rows of bristles comprise synthetic bristles.

Abstract: An adapted head covering (20), such as a skullcap or yarlmuka, with sewn-in wig/toupee clips (10), which provides a durable, comfortable, high strength and convenient securing means to the head of the wearer. The adapted head covering is comprised of one or more monolithic wig/toupee clips (10) and a head covering (24) made of any suitable material such as leather, cloth or crochet. The adapted head covering's (20) durable securing mechanism is strong enough to ensure that the head covering (20) remain firmly secured to the head of the wearer during strenuous activities such as dancing, athletic competitions and exercise. In use, one or more of the wig/toupee clips (10) are sewn in to the inner surface of the head covering within its outer periphery, so as to not be visible when the head covering is worn.

Abstract: An ultrasonic-wave washing unit comprising an ultrasonic-wave vibrating plate to which an ultrasonic-wave vibrator is fixed by adhesive bonding, an ultrasonic-wave transmission plate opposed to the vibrating plate, a liquid supply means which supplies a liquid to a space defined between the vibrating plate and the transmission plate, and a liquid discharge means for discharging the liquid from the space.

Abstract: A belt conditioning method, apparatus and paper machine employing the method and apparatus are provided. The belt method and apparatus include multiple conditioning devices using chemicals to condition water impermeable surfaces of paper machine belts, such as transfer belts and prevent deposits from accumulating on the belts. In one embodiment, the belt supports a web at a first portion of the belt's loop and is separated from the web at a second portion. The conditioning apparatuses are placed in the second portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of cleaning tubes, in which the tube is at least partially filled with a cleaning medium, wherein a cleaning medium is atomized, in which case the droplets of cleaning medium are accelerated, at least in part, essentially in the direction of a center axis of the tube.

Abstract: A mobile or stationary waste container cleaning system used for residential, commercial and industrial waste, garbage, trash, storage or operations containers or receptacles. Other applications include, but are not limited to cleaning of chemical drums, grease dumpsters (e.g. behind restaurants), rain barrels and non-uniform residential, commercial or industrial dumpsters or waste containers. The container cleaning system can alternatively be used for rural areas, farms or ranches. The system uses multiple spray nozzles.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a board includes dipping a board having a surface on which an organic solderability preservative (OSP) is provided into a cleaning solution having glycolic acid, a surfactant and water.