Abstract: This display screen turning apparatus includes a turntable mounted with a display body and rotatable in a horizontal plane, a base, rotatably holding the turntable, provided with a drawn projecting portion and a floating prevention member so mounted on the projecting portion of the base as to prevent the turntable from upward floating. The floating prevention member has a floating prevention portion provided above a region where the upper surface of the turntable is arranged, a mounting portion for mounting the floating prevention member on the projecting portion and a leg portion provided between the floating prevention portion and the mounting portion for maintaining the base and the floating prevention member at a prescribed interval by coming into contact with the base.

Abstract: An optical wavelength filter uses birefringence and polarization to discriminate and block a wavelength stop band. Birefringent elements, each having a fixed retarder and a liquid crystal, are placed along the signal path with the fast and slow axes in each pair being aligned and rotationally displaced from other pairs. The birefringence parts are arranged by their thickness, birefringence and progressive rotational orientation so that each pair contributes to achieving a specific polarization state for specific periodic wavelength discrimination bands. A selection polarizer at the output blocks bands that have this polarization state. The birefringence elements are tuned in a coordinated manner and thereby to select one or more wavelengths as the band stop discrimination band.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display (200) includes a liquid crystal panel (220) and a frequency conversion module (210) electrically coupled to the liquid crystal panel. The frequency conversion module includes a scanning frequency array (230) and a read register (240) that is configured to read the scanning frequency array circularly and form a frequency conversion signal. The frequency conversion signal drives the liquid crystal panel to perform frame inversion. A related method for driving a liquid crystal display is also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is disclosed. The liquid crystal display has a driving substrate on which transparent pixel electrodes are formed; a counter substrate on which a counter electrode is formed; and a liquid crystal material disposed between the driving substrate and the counter substrate, molecules of the liquid crystal material being oriented orthogonally to the substrates. The driving substrate has pixel capacitors and pixel transistors formed thereon, the pixel capacitors being disposed under the pixel electrodes, the pixel transistors acting to write signal voltages to the pixel electrodes and to the pixel capacitors. The pixel electrodes have slits formed over the pixel capacitors to orient the molecules of the liquid crystal material orthogonally and in a split manner. Each of the pixel capacitors has an electrode for reflecting light and forms a reflective region.

Abstract: A display device includes a gate line delivering a gate on/off voltage, a data line insulated to the gate line, a pixel transistor including a gate electrode connected to the gate line, a drain electrode connected to the data line and a source electrode spaced apart with the drain electrode, a pixel electrode connected to the source electrode, a dummy gate line delivering a kick-back compensation voltage complimentary to the gate on/off voltage, and a compensation capacitance formed between a dummy gate electrode connected to the dummy gate line and a dummy source electrode connected to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A TFT-LCD array substrate and a method for manufacturing the same. The TFT-LCD array substrate includes a substrate, on which at least one gate line and at least one data line are formed and cross with each other to define sub-pixel regions, one of the sub-pixel regions includes a thin film transistor (TFT) and a pixel electrode, and the TFT is electrically connected to the pixel electrode. The TFT-LCD array substrate further includes a compensating parasitic capacitor structure comprising a first electrode electrically connected to the gate line and a second electrode electrically connected to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A pixel structure including a substrate, a gate, a patterned dielectric layer, a semiconductor layer, a source, a drain and a reflective pixel electrode is provided. The gate is disposed on the substrate, whereon the patterned dielectric layer is disposed to cover the gate. The patterned dielectric layer has a plurality of bumps and at least one opening; the bumps are disposed on the substrate exposed by the opening and the semiconductor layer is disposed on the patterned dielectric layer above the gate. The source and the drain are disposed on the semiconductor layer. The reflective pixel electrode is disposed on the patterned dielectric layer to cover the bumps and electrically connected with the drain. Hence, the pixel structure can achieve better reliability.

Abstract: A portable display device capable of preventing the ambient temperature of a light source provided in a liquid crystal display device from being intensively raised. The portable display device is constructed with a liquid crystal display panel; a backlight assembly including light source for supplying light to the liquid crystal display panel, and a mold frame receiving the liquid crystal display panel and the light source as well as surrounding at least two sides of the light source. At least one region of the mold frame surrounding the sides of the light source is formed of at least one aperture.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a frame with a bottom surface and at least one protrusion with a hole formed on the bottom surface of the frame. A tube set configured in the frame, a diffusion plate configured over the frame, and at least one support component configured within the fluorescent tube set, wherein the support component includes a support body with a projection on its bottom and fixes the projection into the hole to sustain the diffusion plate. A set of fin set around the projection separately. The backlight module can be applied to the flat panel display.

Abstract: A supporting unit includes a first support frame, a second support frame and an impurity barrier. The first support frame supports an LCD panel, and includes an opening through which a light is supplied to the LCD panel. The second support frame is protruded from sides of the first support frame to surround sides of the LCD panel. The impurity barrier is disposed on a surface of the first support frame corresponding to the liquid crystal display panel to prevent an inflow of impurities into a space between the first support frame and the liquid crystal display panel. Therefore, the supporting unit for the LCD panel includes the impurity barrier to prevent the inflow of the impurities that is externally provided into the space between the supporting unit and the LCD panel, thereby improving image display quality.

Abstract: An exemplary backlight module includes a light guide plate having a light incident surface, an illuminator adjacent to the light incident surface of the light guide plate, and an illuminator holding member coupled to one end of the illuminator. The illuminator holding member includes a first holding hole receiving the end of the illuminator such that the holding member holds the end of the illuminator, and a first buffering cavity between the first holding hole and the light incident surface of the light guide plate. A liquid crystal display including the backlight module is also provided.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display (LCD) (200) includes an LCD panel (210) including a first glass substrate (212) and a second glass substrate (214) parallel to the first glass substrate; a backlight module (220) includes a frame (222) accommodating the LCD panel; and a fixing member (240) attached to the frame of the backlight module and resiliently holding an end portion of the LCD panel in position in the frame.

Abstract: An exemplary LCD device (2) includes a liquid crystal display panel (21) and a housing assembly (23). The LCD panel includes a first substrate (211), a second substrate (213) parallel to the first substrate, and a polarizer (215) attached on the first substrate. The housing assembly is arranged for holding the liquid crystal display. The housing assembly includes a bezel (231). The bezel includes at least one bead portion (25) adjacent to an inner free edge thereof. The at least one bead portion elastically contacts a peripheral edge area of the first substrate, and the inner free edge of the bezel covers a peripheral edge portion of the polarizer.

Abstract: A display module of an LCD device having a rear case shaped as a four-cornered container having sidewalls on each of its four edges; a backlight assembly formed by depositing and fixing a reflector plate, a light guide plate, and a series of sheets onto a mold frame where a lamp assembly receiving portion, a gate PCB receiving portion, and a source PCB receiving portion are integrally formed; an LCD panel module having an upper panel, a lower panel coupled to the upper panel with a liquid crystal inserted therebetween, a gate PCB electrically connected to an end portion of the lower panel, and a source PCB electrically connected to another end portion of the lower panel and has a conductive pattern for an electric signal to be applied to an inverter; a main chassis which defines an active screen area of the LCD panel module and couples the mold frame and the LCD panel module to the rear case; and a front case coupled to the main chassis and covering a whole surface of the LCD panel module excluding the active

Abstract: A backlight assembly, which can provide improved display features by preventing a lamp assembly from being loosened from a lower receiving container, and a liquid crystal display apparatus including the backlight assembly. The backlight assembly includes a light guiding plate guiding incident light, a lamp assembly disposed at one or more sides of the light guiding plate, and having at least one lamp to generate light and a lamp cover enclosing the lamp, a lower receiving container having a bottom plane and sidewalls formed around the periphery of the bottom plane and receiving the lamp assembly and the light guiding plate, and at least one elastic and conductive gasket including a hot-melt adhesive agent having a melting point greater than or equal to about 60° C. and interposed between the lamp cover and the lower receiving container.

Abstract: An illuminating device includes a light source including a light-emitting element, an electrode electrically connected to the light-emitting element, and a heat radiation terminal electrically isolated from the light-emitting element; and a multilayer substrate including a plurality of insulating layers, a plurality of metal layers, an electrically conducting interlayer contact portion, and a heat-conducting interlayer contact portion. The insulating layers include all insulating layer having a mount surface on which the light source is mounted with the electrode and the heat radiation terminal therebetween. The metal layers include an electrically conducting metal layer electrically connected to the electrode and disposed so as to be separated from the light source by the insulating layer having the mount surface and an electrically isolated metal layer electrically isolated from the other metal layers and disposed most distant from the mount surface of all the metal layers.

Abstract: A directly illuminated display unit has a display panel and one or more light sources disposed behind the display panel. A diffuser is disposed between the light source unit and the display panel and a light diverting layer is disposed between the one or more light sources and the diffuser. The light diverting layer has light diverting members on a first side of the light diverting layer facing the diffuser. Surfaces of the light diverting members are disposed at more than one angle relative to a normal to the light diverting layer and also include one or more sharp changes of surface slope. The light diverting members spread the illumination light so as to be more uniform. Different light diverting members can have different apex angles. Also, different sides of a light diverting member can have best fit centers of curvature that are non-coincident.

Abstract: Disclosed are a back light assembly for preventing discoloration and deformation caused by heat generated from a lamp, and a liquid crystal display device for displaying an enhanced image. The back light assembly includes a receiving container, a lamp, a glass substrate and a diffuser. The receiving container has a receiving space. The lamp for generating the light is disposed in the receiving space. The glass substrate is interposed between the liquid crystal display panel and the lamp. The diffuser diffuses the light generated by the lamp so as to unify a luminance distribution of the liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display device includes the back light assembly.

Abstract: A directly illuminated display unit has a display panel and one or more light sources disposed behind the display panel. A diffuser is disposed between the light source unit and the display panel and a light diverting layer is disposed between the one or more light sources and the diffuser. The light diverting layer has light diverting elements on a first side of the light diverting layer facing the diffuser. Surfaces of the light diverting elements are disposed at more than one angle relative to a normal to the light diverting layer and also include one or more sharp changes of surface slope. The light diverting elements spread the illumination light so as to be more uniform. Different light diverting elements can have different apex angles. Also, different sides of a light diverting element can have best fit centers of curvature that are non-coincident.

Abstract: A directly illuminated display unit has a display panel and one or more light sources disposed behind the display panel. A diffuser is disposed between the one or more light sources and the display panel, and a light diverting layer is disposed between the one or more light sources and the diffuser. The light diverting layer has a first light-diverting surface facing the one or more light sources and a second light diverting surface facing the display panel. The light diverting layer diverts light passing from the one or more light sources to the diffuser, thus improving the uniformity of the light in the display unit.

Abstract: A backlight device illuminates a transmissive liquid crystal panel from a rear surface thereof, and includes light source substrates, a reflecting sheet, a diffusing-guiding plate, and an optical-function-sheet layered body. The substrates have light-emitting elements for illuminating illumination light. The reflecting sheet has the substrates mounted to one surface thereof, has an opening formed in correspondence with the light-emitting elements, allows the light-emitting elements to be exposed at another surface of the reflecting sheet from the opening, and reflects the illumination light from the light-emitting elements by the another surface. The plate faces the another surface side of the sheet at a predetermined interval from the reflecting sheet, and diffuses in a layer thereof the illumination light incident from the reflecting sheet. The layered body is combined to the plate, includes laminated optical function sheets, and guides the illumination light to the panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device using a light emitting diode includes a liquid crystal panel, a light guide plate including a light inlet part, the light guide plate being arranged at rear side of the liquid crystal panel, a flexible printed circuit film electrically connected to the liquid crystal panel, and a printed circuit board electrically connected to the flexible printed circuit film including a light emitting diode package mounted on a portion close to an end of the printed circuit board contacts the light inlet part of the light guide plate.

Abstract: An exemplary backlight module (40) includes a number of point light sources (43) and a light-mixing member (47). The number of point light sources emit light beams of different colors. The light-mixing member mixes the light beams of different colors into white light beams. The light-mixing member includes a light entrance surface (470) opposite to the light sources. The light entrance surface includes a number of recesses (471). The recesses correspond to the number of point light sources. The backlight module has high efficiency of light mixing.

Abstract: A light emission device and a display device having the light emission device are provided. A light emission device includes first and second substrates facing each other to form a vacuum envelope. An electron emission unit is provided on the first substrate. A light emission unit is provided on the second substrate to emit light using electrons emitted from the electron emission unit. A spacer uniformly maintains a gap between the first and second substrates. The spacer has a surface resistivity within a range of 1012-1014 ?cm.

Abstract: An electron emission device and a display device having the electron emission device are provided. The electron emission device includes a plurality of driving electrodes located on a substrate and a plurality of electron emission regions electrically coupled to the driving electrodes. Each of the driving electrodes includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a third metal layer. Here, the following condition is satisfied: T3/T1?1.0, where T1 is a thickness of the first metal layer and T3 is a thickness of the third metal layer.

Abstract: A cellulose acylate film in which the number of V-shaped thickness-uneven portions having a variation width in the thickness direction of 0.1 to 10% of a film thickness and a width in the in-plane direction of 1 to 20 mm is in the range of 0 to 10 per 100 m in the length direction of the film. A display unevenness is solved in a liquid crystal display device having the cellulose acylate film.

Abstract: Pixel structures of a color filter substrate, an active device array substrate and a liquid crystal display panel are provided. The pixel structure of the color filter substrate includes a first and second electrode patterns electrically connected to different voltage input terminals. The pixel structure of the active device array substrate includes a first and second pixel electrodes, a first and second gate-drain capacitances and a first and second storage capacitances. The areas of the first and the second pixel electrodes are different, the first and the second gate-drain capacitances are different, and the first and the second storage capacitances are different. In addition, the pixel structure of the liquid crystal display panel includes the pixel structure of the color filter substrate the pixel structure, the active device array substrate and a liquid crystal layer therebetween.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) substrate that is capable of providing a wide viewing angle and high contrast ratio without a decrease is aperture ratio is presented. The TFT substrate may be, for example, used with a patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode LCD. The TFT substrate includes gate lines and data lines extending in non-parallel directions and a pixel electrode formed in a pixel region. The pixel region has two transmission regions separated from each other by a reflection region, and at least one of the gate lines is formed in the reflection region. A storage capacitor may also be formed in the reflection region. This configuration avoids the use of a bridge region between the two transmission regions that is responsible for aperture ratio decrease in the conventional configuration.

Abstract: A display panel includes an opposite substrate and an array substrate, the array substrate includes a first base substrate, a plurality of pixels and a color filter. The opposite substrate includes a second base substrate, a first black matrix and a second black matrix. The first black matrix maintains an interval between the second base substrate and the array substrate, and the first black matrix is formed to correspond to a display area to block light. The second black matrix includes a first area and a second area. The first area surrounds the color filter and the second area surrounds the first area. The second area includes a height different from a height of the first area when viewed in a plan view.

Abstract: A device may include a light source and a display. The display may include a switchable device configured to be in a transmissive state based on a first condition and be in a reflective state based on a second condition.

Abstract: The structure of a trans-reflective liquid crystal display panel includes stacks in longitudinally and two areas in transversely, which are reflective area and transmissive area. A thin-film-transistor layer and a dielectric layer are formed on a substrate in sequential. For the transmissive area, a transparent conductive film, such as a pixel electrode, is formed. For the reflective area, a reflective film with multi-layer is formed on the dielectric layer and then the thin-film-transistor layer. After assembling, the trans-reflective liquid crystal display is complete. The materials of the reflective film with multi-layer and the dielectric layer are similar to have greater adhesion. Each layer of the reflective film with multi-layer includes two sublayers, the first reflective sublayer and the second reflective sublayer, which have the different refractive indexes. By modifying the temperature, pressure, gas flow and power of emitting in manufacturing process can make the refractive indexes of both layers.

Abstract: There are provided a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal display apparatus each having significantly improved color shift. The liquid crystal panel includes a backlight part emitting polarized light, an optical compensation layer, a first polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizer in the stated order from a backlight side.

Abstract: The disclosed is a liquid crystal display panel having alignment protrusions with an appropriate optical density (OD) of about 0.3/?m to 3/?m, and preferably of about 0.8/?m to 1.3/?m. The invention solves problems such as light leakage in dark conditions caused by transparent alignment protrusions and mismatch caused by black alignment protrusions overlapping the alignment marks.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is disclosed. The liquid crystal display comprises a gate line, a data line, a first common line and a continuous second common line. The gate line is disposed on a substrate, and the data line intersects the gate line. The first common line is parallel with the gate line and the second common line intersects through the gate line. By this invention, the first common lines and second common lines of pixels can form a reticular structure for reducing RC delay effect of the common line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel (LCD) panel is provided. The LCD panel includes a plurality of pixels. Each pixel includes a pixel electrode layer and a plurality of liquid crystal domain arranging layers. The pixel electrode layer has a plurality of slits. The liquid crystal domain arranging layers are disposed near the pixel electrode layer. Each pixel is divided into a plurality of essentially closed liquid crystal domain fields by the arranging layers and the slits. Each liquid crystal domain field is formed by encircling at least one arranging layer and at least one slit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a drive substrate, a counter substrate, a spacer, a liquid crystal layer, and an aperture pattern. The drive substrate is configured to have arranged pixel electrodes. The counter substrate is configured to have a counter electrode common to a plurality of pixels. The spacer is configured to have a column shape and be interposed between the drive substrate and the counter substrate that are so disposed that the pixel electrodes and the counter electrode face each other. The liquid crystal layer is configured to be provided and sealed between the drive substrate and the counter substrate. The aperture pattern in which the spacer is enclosed is provided in the counter electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element of a dot matrix structure comprises a liquid crystal panel constituted by a first substrate equipped with a first electrode, a second substrate equipped with a second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer furnished between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a support column of a wall structure possessing adhesiveness, wherein a part of each of the support columns has a wider part.

Abstract: Swimming goggles include a left frame, a right frame, hard holding frames and strap elements. A connecting portion connects the left frame and the right frame. The left frame and right frame are both formed of soft material. Each of the left frame and the right frame includes an inner surface, and an outer surface, and an intermediate surface between the inner surface and the outer surface. Lenses are received between the inner surfaces and the outer surfaces of the left frame and right frame. Hard holding frames respectively clamp the left frame and right frame. Strap elements are formed on outward lateral sides of the hard holding frames for receiving a head strap. Pads are provided on the left frame and the right frame for comfortably contacting users. The connecting portion is flexible so that fitting to various users with different face profiles without hazard of water leakage.

Abstract: A pair of spectacles comprising: a pair of arms for supporting the spectacles on a wearer's head in use; and a pair of lenses that are tinted, shaded, coloured or reflective; wherein the spectacles are configured such that, when worn in use, when viewed from the front of the wearer's head, the lenses are in front of the wearer's eyes, and when viewed from a side of this wearer's head, the angle between each lens and arm is greater than 90° and unadjustable, such that the bottom of the lens is further from the wearer's head than is the top of the lens.

Abstract: Over the counter bifocal reading glasses where the magnified bifocal area is located in the top portion of the lens, while the bottom portion of the lens remains with no magnification (plano). This reverse configuration of previous OTC bifocals will magnify the user's upper visual field so as to accommodate for normal visual loss associated with aging. (Presbyopia) Musicians and computer users, whose reading material is placed at or above eye level, will benefit from the high placement of the magnified bifocal. Likewise, the bottom plano portion of the lens would help these users avoid the discomfort and distortion associated with looking at close up, large objects through magnified lenses; objects such as their hands, computer keyboard and piano.

Abstract: A laser engraving device is adapted to process a plurality of lens blanks in a single processing run. The lens blanks are cut or edged serially where the laser cutter path for each blank is calculated by software which interprets lens blank optical parameters, prescription parameters and frame trace parameters, all of which can vary for each blank being edged. Minor adjustment of the angle of incidence between the laser cutter (20) and the target blank (23) is accomplished by a tiltable blank holder (24). More aesthetically appealing “rimless” lens are achieved by cutting the lens to have a frame-shaped edge from a single monolithic piece of blank material. Such shaping of the edge portion provides more ornamentation options on “rimless” eyeglasses.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic examination apparatus is provided which is capable of performing a variety of ophthalmologic examinations with a low-cost configuration. An illuminating optical system for illuminating an eye fundus and an imaging optical system for imaging the illuminated eye fundus, which are both necessary in an ophthalmologic examination, are housed in a main unit. A plurality of attachment units is removably mounted to the main unit. Each of the attachment units is provided with a different ophthalmologic function such as a function for planarly or stereographically observing or photographing the imaged eye fundus, a function for emitting stimulating light on the eye fundus or a function for spectroscopically analyzing the eye fundus. Such an arrangement allows the ophthalmologic examination apparatus to perform various functions merely by selecting the attachment unit and mounting it to the main unit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring a concentration of a substance in an eye using a retro-reflected measurement light beam having a first wavelength at which the substance has a non-zero first absorption coefficient and a retro-reflected reference light beam having a second wavelength at which the substance has a second absorption coefficient which is substantially equal to zero. The apparatus further includes a detector positionable to receive the retro-reflected measurement light beam and the retro-reflected reference light beam. The detector is responsive to light having the first wavelength by generating a measurement signal and responsive to light having the second wavelength by generating a reference signal. The apparatus further includes an electrical circuit coupled to the detector. The electrical circuit is responsive to the measurement signal and the reference signal to measure the concentration of the substance in the eye.

Abstract: Combined equipment for non-contacting determination of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (VKT) and corneal curvature (HHK) of the eye, are also important for the selection of the intraocular lens IOL to be implanted, particularly the selection of an intraocular lens (IOL) to be implanted, preferably with fixation of the eye by means of a fixating lamp and/or illumination through light sources grouped eccentrically about the observation axis.

Abstract: A projector includes: a light source unit which supplies coherent light; a spatial light modulating unit which modulates the coherent light supplied from the light source unit according to an image signal; a projection optical system which projects light modulated by the spatial light modulating unit; and a light shifting unit disposed on an optical path of the projection optical system to shift light in a direction substantially perpendicular to an optical axis.

Abstract: Described herein are display devices that provide projection-type video output and use redundant sets of lasers to generate light. The laser set produces a desired amount of light, e.g., for a primary color. A redundant laser set includes more lasers than that needed to produce the desired amount of light. For example, a set of six lasers may only need five lasers to generate and emit a desired amount of light. The sixth laser allows failure of one laser in the set to not compromise operability of the entire set—and the display device. In addition, extra lasers in a laser set also allows the lasers to be cycled for heat purposes and to extend longevity of individual lasers in the set.

Abstract: In a discharge lamp lighting apparatus, increase modulation on lamp current with a pulse is carried out according to a modulation signal. At a start-up of the discharge lamp or immediately thereafter, the increase modulation is restrained, and in a lighting steady state of the discharge lamp, the restraining of the increase modulation is released, and wherein when the restraining of the increase modulation is released, in a transition period from immediately after the start-up of the discharge lamp to the lighting steady state, the restraining of increase modulation is gradually released.

Abstract: There is provided a projector having a projecting unit, a projecting system which projects video onto a projection surface by use of the projecting unit, a projecting direction judgment system which judges a projecting direction of the projecting system, and a menu image generating system which generates a menu image, as video generated in the projector as the video to be projected by the projecting system, so that the menu image suits the projecting direction judged by the projecting direction judgment system.

Abstract: A system if used to compensate for guide flatness errors and/or shifting of a support. The system comprises one or more of the supports, an actuating system, the guide, a fluid or magnetic bearing, and a compensation system. The one or more support devices have one or more openings. The support devices are coupled to the actuating system, which is configured to move the support devices. The guide passes through respective ones of the openings. The fluid or magnetic bearings are configured to guide the respective support devices along the guides. The compensation system is coupled to respective ones of the support devices adjacent each of the fluid or magnetic bearings. The compensation system is configured to compensate for any non-straight areas of the guides or shifting (e.g.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus which prevents damages due to leaked out liquid from expanding and can maintain exposure accuracy and measuring accuracy. The exposure apparatus includes first and second stages (ST1, ST2) which can independently move within an XY-plane on an image plane side of a projection optical system (PL); a drive mechanism (SD) which moves the first stage and the second stage together with the stage being close to or in contact with each other; a liquid immersion mechanism (1) which forms a liquid immersion area on an upper plane of at least one of the stages of the first stage and the second stage; and a detecting device (60) which detects liquid leaked out from between the first stage and the second stage.