Abstract: A shutter includes micro-optics having first and second concentrator arrays. A transducer laterally displaces one of the first and second concentrator arrays between transmissive and shuttered modes. In the transmissive mode, the arrays of concentrators are optically aligned to permit electromagnetic energy passing through the first array of concentrators to pass through the second array of concentrators. In the shuttered mode, the electromagnetic radiation is blocked from passing through the second array of concentrators. The concentrators may be compound parabolic concentrators, or lenslets positioned on opposing plates with pinholes printed therethrough. The shutter may increase f-number of radiation passing therethrough, and may be used in a limited f-cone radiation source with shuttering abilities, for example reducing f-cone of radiation output from the radiation source.

Abstract: A system is used to perform fast and slow applications, for example fast application can be pulse trimming. The system includes a radiation source, an electro-optical modulator, and a beam splitter. The radiation source is configured to generate a polarized beam of radiation. The electro-optical modulator, formed of crystalline quartz, is configured to modulate the beam of radiation. The beam splitter is configured to direct a first portion of the beam to a beam dump and to form an output beam from a second portion of the beam.

Abstract: A specular interferometric modulator array is configured to be at least partially selectably reflective. As such, the array forms a mirror surface having the capability of displaying information to the user while simultaneously being used as a specular mirror. The displayed information may be based on information from an external source, may be programmable, and may be based on user input.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and an apparatus for optical modulation, for example for use in optical communications links. In one embodiment, an apparatus for optical modulation includes a first silicon layer having one or more trenches formed therein, a dielectric layer lining the first silicon layer, and a second silicon layer disposed on the dielectric layer and filling the trenches.

Abstract: A reversible recording material is disclosed. The reversible recording material includes one or more kinds of compounds having a structure shown in Chemical Formula (1) on a surface of metal oxide particles. In Chemical Formula (1), X shows a linkage including an element selected from Si, Ti, and Al; Y shows a linkage including a structure selected from Chemical Formula (2); Z shows a methylene group or a sulfide group capable of having a substituent group; Ar shows an aromatic group capable of having a substituent group; R1 and R2 show corresponding alkylene groups; R3 shows an alkylene group capable of forming a ring structure linked with —N—C—O— and able to have a substituent group; and “n” is an integer which is 1 or more.

Abstract: A phase shifter includes at least one photonic crystal structure having alternating high and low index dielectric layers. At least two defect structures are positioned between said photonic crystal structures. The defect structure includes one or more nonlinear materials used to produce an index change, whose effect is amplified to produce a specified phase shift in the output signal of said phase shifter.

Abstract: Interferometric modulators having a separable modulator architecture are disclosed having a reflective layer suspended from a flexible layer over a cavity. The interferometric modulators have one or more anti-tilt members that inhibit undesirable movement of the reflective layer, such as curling and/or tilting. The stabilization of the reflective layer by the anti-tilt members can improve the quality of the optical output of the interferometric modulators, as well as displays comprising such interferometric modulators.

Abstract: A display is described, wherein the display includes surfaces arranged at a non-zero angle to one another. A least one of the surfaces may include an interferometric modulator. Compensation for color shift can be provided through the use of two or three surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, the surfaces having similar interferometric modulators. Methods of making such a display are also described. A brighter display can be provided through the use of three surfaces arranged orthogonally to one another, where each of the surfaces has an interferometric modulator which reflects a different color of light. Either additive or subtractive methods can be used to generate light of a particular color.

Abstract: A method for packaging a micro device includes encapsulating a micro device in a chamber on a substrate, wherein the chamber is defined by spacer walls and an encapsulation cover, removing a portion of the encapsulation cover and portions of the spacer walls to expose a surfaces of the spacer walls, and forming a layer of a sealing material on the exposed surfaces of the spacer walls to hermetically seal the micro device in the chamber.

Abstract: A MEMS-based mirror is provided with trenches between adjacent electrodes in order to be able to withstand relatively high applied voltages, and thus has a substantially reduced exposure to uncontrolled surface potentials. The MEMS-based mirror, thus avoids voltage drifts and has an improved mirror position stability. The trench dimensions are selected such that the voltage applied between each adjacent pair of electrodes stays within predefined limits. An insulating layer, such as silicon dioxide, electrically isolates each pair of adjacent electrodes. Each insulting layer extends partially above an associated trench and is characterized by the same height and width dimensions.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator comprises an integrated optical compensation structure, e.g., an optical compensation structure arranged between a substrate and a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements, or an optical compensation structure located on the opposite side of the light-modulating elements from the substrate. The individually addressable light-modulating elements are configured to modulate light transmitted through or reflected from the transparent substrate. Methods for making such spatial light modulators involve fabricating an optical compensation structure over a substrate and fabricating a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements over the optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may be a passive optical compensation structure.

Abstract: A display medium includes at least: a pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates having optical transparency; a dispersion medium positioned in a gap between the pair of substrates; one or more kinds of electrophoretic particles or two or more kinds of electrophoretic particles different in color from each other, included in the dispersion medium; and a holder disposed between the pair of substrates, the holder having a function of holding the electrophoretic particles and a function of controlling, by an external voltage, a movement amount of the electrophoretic particles on the holder.

Abstract: A regenerative amplifier includes a gain-medium that is optically pumped by CW radiation. The amplifier has primary resonator for amplifying pulses. The primary resonator has an optical switch for opening and closing the primary resonator. The amplifier has a secondary resonator that includes the gain-medium but not the optical switch. When the primary resonator is closed by the optical switch, and pulses are not being amplified, CW radiation is generated in the secondary resonator and prevents the gain-medium from being saturated. When the optical switch is operated to cause the primary resonator to amplify pulses, generation of CW radiation in the secondary resonator ceases.

Abstract: An electro optic device includes an optical element in which a refractive index distribution, changes according to the intensity of an electric field generated therein such that an incident laser beam is scanned. First and second electrodes are provided on two opposite surfaces of the optical element. A distance between electrodes of the first and second electrodes of the optical element decreases continuously or in a stepwise manner from an emission end surface toward an incident end surface.

Abstract: An optical system includes a light source and a dielectric optical film. The light source generates at least one first light ray having a first spectral distribution, which has a plurality of first peaks with different levels. The dielectric optical film is disposed on an optical path of the first light ray and converts the first light ray into a second light ray, which has a second spectral distribution. The second spectral distribution has a plurality of second peaks with similar levels. In addition, a liquid crystal display apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A multi-band hybrid amplifier is disclosed for use in optical fiber systems. The amplifier uses Raman laser pumps and semiconductor optical amplifiers in series to produce a relatively level gain across the frequency range of interest. Multiple Raman pumps are multiplexed before coupling into the fiber. The Raman amplified optical signal may be demultiplexed and separately amplified by the SOAs before remultiplexing. Gain profiles of the Raman pumps and the SOAs are selected to compensate for gain tilt and to alleviate the power penalty due to cross-gain modulation in the SOAs. The disclosed hybrid amplifier is especially useful in coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) systems.

Abstract: There is provided a projection optical system for projecting a pattern on an object surface onto an image surface in a reduced size. The projection optical system comprising six reflective surfaces that include, in order of reflecting light from the object surface, a first reflective surface, a second convex reflective surface, a third convex reflective surface, a fourth reflective surface, a fifth reflective surface and a sixth reflective surface, and an aperture stop along an optical path between the first and second reflective surfaces. And the following condition is met, where L1 is an interval between the object surface and the surface apex that is the closest to the object surface, and L2 is an interval between the surface apex of the first reflective surface and the surface apex that is the closest to the object surface: 0.75 < L ? ? ? 1 L ? ? ? 2 < 1.25 .

Abstract: Proposed is a technique of producing a magnetic garnet material of which the light absorption characteristics worsen little even though it is produced through LPE. The crucible for LPE is formed of a material containing Au. The amount of Au to be taken in single crystal formed in an Au crucible is smaller than that of Pt to be taken therein formed in a Pt crucible. As compared with Pt, the influence of Au on magnetic garnet film that increases the insertion loss in the film is small.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing plate of the invention comprises bonding a transparent protective film (A) and another transparent protective film (B) to one side of a polarizer and to another side of the polarizer, respectively, with an adhesive, wherein the polarizer has a moisture content of 15 to 30% by weight, the transparent protective film (A) is made of the same quality material as the transparent protective film (B), the transparent protective film (A) is thicker than the transparent protective film (B), and the transparent protective film (A) has a moisture content higher than that of the transparent protective film (B). The polarizing plate obtained by the production method can suppress curling.

Abstract: A polarizing plate of the invention comprises a polarizer; and a transparent protective film provided on at least one side of the polarizer with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, wherein the adhesive layer is formed of an adhesive for polarizing plate comprising: a resin solution comprising a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, a crosslinking agent and a colloidal metal compound with an average particle size of 1 nm to 100 nm, wherein 200 parts by weight or less of the colloidal metal compound is added to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, and the transparent protective film provided on at least one side is a retardation plate having a front retardation of 40 nm or more and/or a thickness direction retardation of 80 nm or more. The polarizing plate can reduce the occurrence of knicks.

Abstract: A polarizer of the present invention is characterized by containing at least one species of a photochromic dye in a resin. Preferably, the photochromic dye is used as a dichroic dye and aligned in one direction in the resin. A circular polarizing filter of the present invention has the polarizer and a retardation plate. In the polarizer of the present invention, the photochromic dye is colored by ultraviolet light irradiation and discolored by visible light irradiation or heat after being colored. By this photochromic property, the polarizer takes out linearly polarized light in being used in an environment of intense ultraviolet light, and on the other hand, the polarizer transmits light in an environment of weak ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A lens unit or the like with improved ability to capture proper images by reducing the likelihood that water droplets will adhere to the lens surface and change the refractive index. A surface of a lens portion (1) is imparted with a water-repellent property and a surface of a non-lens portion (2), surrounding the lens portion (1), is imparted with a hydrophilic property. As a result, if droplets on the surface of the lens portion (1) contact the non-lens portion (2), the droplets are guided from the water-repellent surface of the lens portion (1) to the hydrophilic surface of the non-lens portion (2) thereby reducing the number of droplets residing on the lens portion (1).

Abstract: To provide a reflection mirror having a high reflectance in the visible region and excellent in moisture resistance and sulfur resistance, and its production process. A reflection mirror 10 comprising a substrate 11, a silicon nitride film 14 and a silver film 13 formed between the substrate 11 and the silicon nitride film 14, wherein when 10 ppm of hydrogen sulfide is introduced, and the reflection mirror is left to stand for 100 hours in an atmosphere at a temperature of 50° C. under a relative humidity of 80%, the rate of change of the luminous reflectance (chromaticity Y of the tristimulus value as defined in JIS Z8701 (1982)) after being left to stand is within 10% based on the luminous reflectance before being left to stand. Further, a process for producing a reflection mirror 10, which comprises forming a silver film 13 by a sputtering method and then forming a silicon nitride film 14 by a chemical vapor deposition method.

Abstract: In a transmission grating as a dispersive element, diffraction efficiency is enhanced and manufacturing costs are considerably reduced. A dispersive element includes resin members for forming a diffraction grating, being composed of a plurality of diffraction grating members having a cross-sectional shape respectively surrounded by two straight lines such as a triangular shape, and metal members as light-shielding members each being formed on corresponding one of the diffraction grating members at one side of the diffraction grating member along any of the straight line and the curved line of the cross-sectional shape of the diffraction grating member formed by the resin member. The metal members are configured to reduce zero-order transmitted light with respect to incident light, and to enhance diffraction efficiency of first-order transmitted light.

Abstract: Optical gratings that perform a number of functions at various wavelengths are formed by various methods that preserve spectral information within a wavelength band, the functions including: coupling radiation from one waveguide to another, controllable gratings that operate on different wavelengths in response to external control signals.

Abstract: A longitudinal interference fringe pattern projection lens includes: a lens body; a lens first surface that constitutes one surface of the lens body, and that has two convex or concave portions, which extend in parallel to each other in constant direction and have a same shape; and a lens second surface that constitutes the other surface of the lens body, wherein laser light passing through one convex or concave portion interferes with laser light passing through the other convex or concave portion to form a longitudinal interference fringe pattern.

Abstract: An antiglare light diffusing member is provided comprising a transparent base material and an antiglare light diffusing layer including a binder matrix, a particle A and a particle B. A front surface of the antiglare light diffusing layer should not be flat. The difference between a refractive index of the particle A and a refractive index of the binder matrix can be less than or equal to 0.02. The difference between a refractive index of the particle B and a refractive index of the binder matrix can be 0.03-0.2. An average particle diameter of the particle A can be bigger than an average film thickness of the antiglare light diffusing layer. An average particle diameter of the particle B is smaller than an average film thickness of the antiglare light diffusing layer.

Abstract: An assembly for displaying an interlaced image. The assembly includes an interlaced image, which may be digitally or web printed for example, with sets of elongate image elements or slices. A lens arrays is provided with a first side proximate the interlaced image such as a planar surface and a second side distal the image with numerous lens sets. Each of the lens sets is paired with one of the sets of the image elements and includes a number of linear or elongate lenses that are each mapped to one to three image elements. The lenses are each configured to focus light from the subset of image elements to a viewer along a focus direction or line. The lenses are configured to provide a lens-specific viewing angle with a focus line, and the focus line to the paired image element subset differs from other lenses or is unique.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a first cylindrical lens array in which a plurality of first lens segments each having a first radius of curvature and a first width so as to divide laser light into a plurality of light components are arranged, and a plurality of second lens segments each having a second radius of curvature and a second width, and provided in at least one position of the first cylindrical lens array so as to be arranged between adjacent first lens segments.

Abstract: A windshield having a windshield body and a specific area, which is arranged in part of a longitudinal direction of the windshield body and is formed into a curved surface of a curvature different from a curvature of the windshield body, is provided. A planar shape of the specific area is formed into a round shape. The specific area has a projection area, which projects a display light of an image displayed on a display device mounted in a vehicle and is formed into a curved surface displaying the projected image with a desired shape and is arranged outside of a surface of the windshield body, and a connection area, which is arranged around the projection area and is formed into a curved surface continuing into the projection area and the windshield body. By using the windshield, the projection area can be formed into the windshield without an extra deformation.

Abstract: An optical lens is provided. The optical lens provides miniaturization and thin size, and reduces the cost and improves productivity by simplifying the structure and manufacturing process. The optical lens includes a light-transmitting substrate with a lens chamber and a fluidic chamber that are connected with each other. The optical lens also includes a light-transmitting elastic film which seals the lens chamber, a buffer elastic film which seals the fluidic chamber, and an actuator on the buffer elastic film which corresponds to the fluidic chamber, and varies the volume of the fluidic chamber to vary a pressure acting on the light-transmitting elastic film.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first positive lens group (G1), a second negative lens group (G2), a third positive lens group (G3), and a fourth positive lens group (G4). The second and third lens groups are movable for varying the focal length. The zoom lens system offers a four-times zoom ratio, and employs two plastic aspheric lenses (L3, L9) and a resin hybrid lens (L6). The first lens group consists of two lenses (L1, L2) arranged in an abutting relationship. The second and third lens groups each includes a pair of cemented lenses (L4, L5; L7, L8).

Abstract: A four-unit zoom lens system includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a positive refracting power, a second lens unit having a negative refracting power, a third lens unit having a positive refracting power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refracting power, in which at a time of zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, at least the first lens unit, the second lens unit, and the third lens unit move, and a space between the lens units changes, and a total number of lenses in the second lens unit is not more than three, and the zoom lens system satisfies the following conditional expressions. 1.2<(?2t/?2w)/(?3t/?3w)<6.0 and ??(1A) 3.0<ft/fw<20.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes, in order from an object side, a first lens unit G1 having a positive refracting power, a second lens unit G2 having a negative refracting power, a third lens unit G3 having a positive refracting power, and a fourth lens unit G4 having a positive refracting power, and at the time of zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, a space between the lens units changes, and the first lens unit includes two lenses namely, a negative lens and a positive lens, and satisfies the following conditional expression ?0.75<SF1p<?0.1 ??(1) where, SF1p is defined as SF1p=(R1pf+R1pr)/(R1pf?R1pr), when R1pf is a paraxial radius of curvature of a surface on the object side, of the positive lens in the first lens unit, and R1pr is a paraxial radius of curvature of a surface on an image side, of the positive lens in the first lens unit.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from the object side to the image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a third lens unit having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit and the third lens unit move in the optical axis direction during zooming. The following conditions are satisfied: 0.60<m3/m1<0.90, and 0.080<|f2/ft|<0.120, where m1 and m3 are maximum moving distances in the optical axis direction of the first lens unit and the third lens unit, respectively, during zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, ft is a focal length of the zoom lens at the telephoto end, and f2 is a focal length of the second lens unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new mechanism for permitting a zoom lens to focus on a short distance subject by moving a focusing lens group in an amount that varies in an optical axis direction depending on a zooming position. The zoom lens comprises, in order from its object side, a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group and a positive third lens group. Zooming is implemented while the space between adjoining lens groups is varied, and focusing on a short distance subject is implemented by moving the negative second lens group in an amount that varies in the optical axis direction depending on a zooming position. The negative second lens group comprises a negative front unit G2F and a negative rear unit G2R. The space between the negative front unit G2F and the negative rear unit G2R is varied depending on a subject distance but that space remains constant wherever the zooming position lies.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for rapid, large angle, high-precision steering of one or more beams of light, and in particular, laser beams, using one or more concave reflectors to provide narrow, essentially collimated output beams. The rapid, beam steering device amplifies the angular deflection provided by a small angle steering element by means of one or more concave reflecting surfaces while controlling the divergence of the output beam using a divergence control lens, to produce an essentially collimated output beam in a field of regard that subtends +/?45 degrees on one axis and +/?50 degrees on an orthogonal axis.

Abstract: A camera module includes a lens barrel 4 for holding a lens 6 and a base 3 having a housing part 11 for housing the lens barrel 4. The lens barrel 4 comes in contact with an inner circumference surface of the housing part 11 of the base 3 on an outer circumference surface and can move in an optical axis direction of the lens 6. The housing part 11 of the base 3 has openings 14 on the circumference surface, and the outer circumference surface of the lens barrel 4 has welding parts 22 for welding with respect to rim parts of the openings 14.

Abstract: A red color filter having a red filter layer comprising a pigment having a maximum absorption at a wavelength within the range of from 450 to 575 nm, wherein the red filter layer has chromaticity coordinates (x, y) in the 1931 CIE XYZ calorimetric system, calculated using CIE Standard illuminant D65, that satisfy the expressions 0.665?x?0.68 and 0.30?y?0.34.

Abstract: A green color filter having a green filter layer comprising a bridged aluminum phthalocyanine pigment and a second pigment having its maximum absorption at a wavelength from 400 to 500 nm.

Abstract: An electronic display containing a light source and a color filter set, the color filter set comprising: a green color filter having a green filter layer comprising a first pigment having its maximum absorption at a wavelength from 600 to 700 nm wherein at least 90 volume percent of the first pigment particles have a particle size less than 300 nm, and a second pigment having its maximum absorption at a wavelength from 400 to 500 nm wherein at least 90 volume percent of the second pigment particles have a particle size less than 300 nm, and wherein the green filter layer has a transmittance of 60% or more at a wavelength of 520 nm and of no more than 10% at a wavelength of 480 nm and of no more than 10% at a wavelength of 590 nm; a blue color filter having a blue filter layer; a red color filter having a red filter layer; and wherein the color gamut defined by the electronic display has a % NTSCx,y ratio greater than 88%.

Abstract: A filter wheel capable of executing continuous operation accurately is implemented. The filter wheel comprises a first pulley fixed to a rotation axle of a motor, a filter set table (a second pulley) on which a plurality of filters circularly arranged at equal intervals between a center axis and an outer periphery thereof are mounted, and a belt engaged with respective outer peripheries of the first pulley, and the filter set table, for conveying rotation of the motor to the filter set table through the intermediary of the first pulley, wherein upon an increase in diameter of the filter set table, due to a change in size of the filter, a third pulley is formed inside a space formed when the plurality of the filters are disposed in a circular fashion on the filter set table so as to be integral with the filter set table, the belt being engaged with the respective outer peripheries of the first pulley, and the third pulley.

Abstract: A hard disk drive with an encoder that writes data onto a disk in accordance with a plurality of first codes. Each code contains a plurality of digital bits. The first codes are selected so that if a bit is added or dropped during a write or read process the resulting bitstream can only be one of the selected first codes. This allows the bitstream to be accurately decoded to detect and correct for the added/dropped bit.

Abstract: A data storage device with a recording medium for which a data erase function unit is introduced to achieve both partial non-erasure of data for analyzing a cause of data error and full erasure of data for protection of personal information. This data erase function unit sequentially performs automatic erasure of data on a hard disk in units of sectors (SC) by turning on a jumper switch, but skips the automatic erasure for any error sector including error among the sectors (SC). For this purpose, it is provided with both an erase unit for full erasure of data and a skip control unit for a partial non-erasure of data.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for the cancellation of repeatable runout signals. A signal processing module receives a position error signal and outputs a position compensated signal. A feed forward module receives the position error signal and outputs one or more cancellation signals to cancel one or more repeatable runout components from the position error signal when combined with the position compensated signal. A combining module combines the position compensated signal and the cancellation signals into a position command signal. A feedback module receives the position command signal and outputs the position error signal.

Abstract: A disk drive spoiler for reducing particle accumulation in a hard disk drive is provided. The spoiler includes a body portion for directing airflow generated by a rotating disk, the rotating disk comprising a middle diameter and an outer diameter wherein the body portion directs airflow away from the outer diameter of the disk. The spoiler also includes an end portion for directing airflow away from the middle diameter of the disk towards the outer diameter of the disk wherein the body portion comprises a substantially similar width between the middle diameter and the outer diameter.

Abstract: The invention provides a temperature control apparatus for a hard disk drive, the apparatus comprising: a thermal chamber for receiving a hard disk drive; and an oscillatory air movement generator for generating air movement within a region between the thermal chamber and a said hard disk drive when received in the thermal chamber, thereby to facilitate heat transfer between the thermal chamber and a said hard disk drive.

Abstract: A magnetic head according to one embodiment includes a reader and a thermal sensor for detecting a thermal effect thereon from a magnetic medium passing by the thermal sensor. A tape drive system according to one embodiment includes a magnetic head for reading data from a magnetic tape, a thermal sensor for detecting a thermal effect thereon from the magnetic tape passing by the thermal sensor, a drive mechanism for passing the tape over the head, and a processor for causing alteration of a readback signal from the magnetic head based on an output of the thermal sensor.

Abstract: A multi-channel head includes at least one head chip. The head chip has a plurality of elements and at least one bonding interface, and the head chip has at least one element on one side of the bonding interface and at least one element on the other side of the bonding interface.

Abstract: A magnetic write head having a magnetic cross yoke arranged to provide a cross magnetic field in a pole tip region of the magnetic head. The cross field, which is perpendicular to the magnetization of write pole, reduces the switching time of the write field, thereby increasing the speed with which the write head can record data. The write head can be a longitudinal write head or a perpendicular write head. In the case of a perpendicular write, the write head can include a write pole arranged to provide a magnetic write field that emits a magnetic field substantially perpendicular with an Air Bearing Surface (ABS). A magnetic cross yoke is formed having ends that are disposed at opposite sides of the pole tip region of the write pole. A magnetic cross field that extends across the pole tip region of the write pole slightly alters the direction of the magnetization of the write pole.