Abstract: A patterned perpendicular magnetic recording medium of the type that has spaced-apart pillars with magnetic material on their ends and with nonmagnetic trenches between the pillars is made with a method that allows use of a pre-etched substrate. The substrate has a generally planar surface at the trenches and comprises material that when heated will diffuse into the magnetic recording layer material and chemically react with one or more of the elements typically used in the recording layer. The pillars are formed of material that will not diffuse into the recording layer. After the recording layer is formed over the entire substrate so as to cover both the pillar ends and the trenches, the substrate is annealed. This results in the destruction or at least substantial reduction of any ferromagnetism in the recording layer material in the trenches so that the trenches are nonmagnetic.

Abstract: A write head for perpendicular magnetic recording having a write pole and first and second return poles. The write head can include a first magnetomotive force source for delivering a magnetomotive force to the first return pole and the write pole and a second magnetomotive force source for delivering magnetomotive force to the second return pole and the write pole. The first and second magnetomotive force sources can be operated independently of one another so that different relative amounts of magnetomotive force can be applied to the first and second return poles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a perpendicular magnetic write head capable of preventing unintended erasure of information due to spread of a magnetic field for writing. A leading shield, two side shields, and a trailing shield are disposed around (a front end portion of) a main magnetic pole layer. A nonmagnetic layer having a uniform thickness formed by ALD is provided between the front end portion and two side shields. Consequently, intervals are constant in any positions. Spread of magnetic fields for recording in a write track width direction is suppressed sufficiently more than the case where the intervals vary among positions.

Abstract: The traditional single pole perpendicular writer has two major problems—insufficient field gradient in the down track direction and adjacent track erasure (ATE) caused by side fringing fields. These problems have been overcome by tapering the main pole and then shielding it on all four sides.

Abstract: An implement, comprising a working portion which can be selectively exposed for use or covered when not in use, is pivotally connected to a support. Upon actuation of a release, the implement automatically moves from a first configuration wherein the working end is disposed at least partially within a support, to a second configuration wherein the working end is exposed. The support and the working portion are pivotally connected via at least one linking arm. Upon the selective actuation of a release, the writing portion rotates from a first configuration to a second configuration. The movement is preferably spring-biased and damped. The support may also include a pocket clip. The pocket clip may be of appropriate size to allow printing of a logo or any other desired indicia. Items include writing implements, and various other usable implements, such as a flashlight, a toothbrush or a laser pen.

Abstract: A head for use in an information storage device includes a novel ABS, and a transducer with a heating element. The ABS includes a transducer pad that includes a surface in a first plane. The ABS also includes a pressure-relief trough that is recessed from the first plane by at least 0.1 microns and has an upstream breadth of no more than one fourth of the total length of the slider. The pressure-relief trough is disposed immediately upstream of the transducer pad and continuously spans the total width of the transducer pad. The ABS also includes a flow-diversion dam that has a dam surface that lies in the first plane. The dam surface continuously spans the total width of the transducer pad. The dam surface is disposed immediately upstream of the pressure-relief trough and generally downstream of a sub-ambient pressure cavity.

Abstract: Circuits and methods are provided for write through drivers in disk drive systems. A write through driver is a transceiver that includes a write driver circuit and a receiver circuit. The write driver drives a current signal to a write element through a first conductive interconnect. The write element writes data patterns to a magnetic hard disk in response to the current signal from the write driver circuit. The current signal returns to the receiver circuit through a second conductive interconnect. The return signal can be used for the diagnosis of write-safe conditions.

Abstract: A head for use in a magnetic hard disk drive or other information storage device includes a novel ABS. The novel ABS includes an inter-cavity dam that is disposed between at least a portion of a cavity and a trailing pad. The inter-cavity dam is spaced longitudinally from the trailing pad by at least one thirtieth of the slider length. The inter-cavity dam includes an OD dam surface and an ID dam surface, with a slider-bisecting longitudinal plane passing between a majority of the OD dam surface and a majority of the ID dam surface. The OD dam surface is recessed from the first plane by an OD dam recession, and the ID dam surface is recessed from the first plane by an ID dam recession that is not equal to the OD dam recession.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a write pole, a return pole, a wire positioned between the write pole and the return pole, a first free layer, and a first interlayer positioned between the write pole and the first free layer.

Abstract: A magnetic write head for perpendicular magnetic recording that has write pole, a return pole and a trailing shield that is magnetically connected with magnetic return pole. The write head includes a magnetic pedestal and first and second magnetic studs that connect the trailing shield with the pedestal. The studs are laterally spaced a distance that is not greater than 5 um from the nearest side of the write pole. In other words, the studs are spaced from each other a distance that is no greater than the width of the leading edge of the write pole plus 10 um. This spacing of the studs prevents saturation of the trailing shield, maximizing field gradient and ensuring optimal magnetic write performance.

Abstract: Improved CPP GMR devices have been fabricated by replacing the conventional seed layer (typically Ta) with a bilayer of NiCr on Ta, said seed being deposited on the NiFe layer that constitutes a magnetic shield. Additional improvement was also obtained by replacing the conventional non-magnetic spacer layer of copper with a sandwich structure of two copper layers with an NOL (nano-oxide layer) between them. A process for manufacturing the devices is also described.

Abstract: A lead overlay design of a magnetic sensor is described with sensor and free layer dimensions such that the free layer is stabilized by the large demagnetization field due to the shape anisotropy. In one embodiment the giant magnetoresistive (GMR) effect under the leads is destroyed by removing the antiferromagnetic (AFM) and pinned layers above the free layer. The overlaid lead pads are deposited on the exposed spacer layer at the sides of the mask that defines the active region. In other embodiment a layer of electrically insulating material is deposited over the sensor to encapsulate it and thereby insulate it from contact with the hardbias structures. Various embodiments with self-aligned leads are also described. In a variation of the encapsulation embodiment, the insulating material is also deposited under the lead pads so the electrical current is channeled through the active region of the sensor and sidewall deposited lead pads.

Abstract: A spacer layer of an MR element includes: a nonmagnetic metal layer disposed on a pinned layer; a protection layer disposed on the nonmagnetic metal layer to prevent oxidation or nitriding of the nonmagnetic metal layer; an island-shaped insulating layer disposed on the protection layer; and a coating layer covering these layers. When seen in a direction perpendicular to the top surface of the pinned layer, there are formed in the spacer layer a region where the insulating layer is present and a region where the insulating layer is absent. A thickness of the protection layer taken in at least part of the region where the insulating layer is absent is zero or smaller than a thickness of the protection layer taken in the region where the insulating layer is present.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for oxidizing conductive redeposition in TMR sensors is disclosed. A TMR barrier layer is etched. Redeposition material is oxidized and the barrier is healed using an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of ozone and water vapor.

Abstract: A barrier layer is disposed over a pinned layer made of ferromagnetic material having a fixed magnetization direction, the barrier layer having a thickness allowing electrons to transmit therethrough by a tunneling phenomenon. A first free layer is disposed over the barrier layer, the first free layer being made of amorphous or fine crystalline soft magnetic material which changes a magnetization direction under an external magnetic field. A second free layer is disposed over the first free layer, the second free layer being made of crystalline soft magnetic material which changes a magnetization direction under an external magnetic field and being exchange-coupled to the first free layer. A tunneling magnetoresistance device is provided which has good magnetic characteristics and can suppress a tunnel resistance change rate from being lowered.

Abstract: A high speed and low power method to control and switch the magnetization direction and/or helicity of a magnetic region in a magnetic device for memory cells using spin polarized electrical current. The magnetic device comprises a reference magnetic layer with a fixed magnetic helicity and/or magnetization direction and a free magnetic layer with a changeable magnetic helicity. The fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer are preferably separated by a non-magnetic layer, and the reference layer includes an easy axis perpendicular to the reference layer. A current can be applied to the device to induce a torque that alters the magnetic state of the device so that it can act as a magnetic memory for writing information. The resistance, which depends on the magnetic state of the device, is measured to thereby read out the information stored in the device.

Abstract: A dual current-perpendicular-to-the-plane (CPP) magnetoresistive sensor has a free ferromagnetic layer formed of a Heusler alloy and each of the pinned ferromagnetic layers formed of a ferromagnetic material other than a Heusler alloy, like a conventional CoFe or NiFe material. The Heusler alloy material in the free layer may be a known Heusler alloy material or an alloy with a composition substantially the same as that of a known Heusler alloy, and which results in high magnetoresistance due to enhanced spin polarization and/or enhanced spin-dependent scattering compared to conventional ferromagnetic materials. Each of the two pinned ferromagnetic layers may be an antiparallel (AP) pinned structure wherein first (AP1) and second (AP2) ferromagnetic layers are separated by a nonmagnetic antiparallel coupling (APC) layer with the magnetization directions AP1 and AP2 layers oriented substantially antiparallel.

Abstract: The thickness of the semiconductor layer forming a part of the spacer layer is set in the thickness range for a transitional area showing conduction performance halfway between ohmic conduction and semi-conductive conduction in relation to the junction of the semiconductor layer with the first nonmagnetic metal layer and the second nonmagnetic metal layer. This permits the specific resistance of the spacer layer to be greater than that of an ohomic conduction area, so that spin scattering and diffusion depending on a magnetized state increases, resulting in an increase in the MR ratio. The CPP-GMR device can also have a suitable area resistivity (AR) value. If the device can have a suitable area resistivity and a high MR ratio, it is then possible to obtain more stable output power in low current operation than ever before, and extend the service life of the device as well. The device is also lower in resistance than a TMR device, so that significant noise reductions are achievable.

Abstract: An arc suppression circuit in a protection relay having trip contacts is used to turn off a battery-powered solenoid and trip an AC power circuit breaker. The arc suppression circuit uses a switch-control circuit to control the turning off of a semi-conductor switch so that the semi-conductor switch provides a current path around the trip contacts, and is carrying all, or substantially all, of the load current, before the trip contacts are opened. When the trip contacts begin to open, the switch-control circuit holds the semi-conductor switch on for a sufficient time to prevent an arc from becoming established before turning the semi-conductor switch off. In a second embodiment, the arc suppression circuit provides a second switch-control circuit. This second switch-control circuit is configured to accept control signals from a microprocessor within a protection relay.

Abstract: A separate box assembly for protecting telecommunications related equipment and associated sensitive electrical loads connected to AC electrical power lines components from AC transient voltage surges includes a circuit breaker panel disposed in an electrical power distribution network for receiving incoming power lines. Distinct branch circuits are coupled through household wiring and terminates in AC outlets for connecting to customers' electrical loads to be protected. A plurality of protection modules are interconnected between the circuit breaker panel and the distinct branch circuits. Each of the plurality of protection modules includes AC over-voltage protection circuitry.

Abstract: An improved ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) device has a moveable lock plate controlled by a relay to block a hole under the reset guiding member to prevent reset of the device. The moveable lock plate blocks the hole and prevents reset when the relay is not energized, and expose the hole to allow reset when the relay is energized. The relay is powered by a power supply circuit which is connected in series with a solenoid across the input side of the GFCI. The solenoid is controlled by a control circuit, and causes a disconnecting assembly to disconnect the input and output sides of the GFCI when a leakage current is detected. If the solenoid malfunctions, or if the GFCI device is reversely wired, the relay is not energized and the device cannot be reset.

Abstract: A digital electric leakage detecting and monitoring device includes a leakage current detection element connected to an AC power supply loop. When an outgoing current supplied from an AC line source to a load is not equal to a backflow current flowed from the load back to the AC line source, a leakage signal is generated by the leakage current detection element and sent to a microprocessor via a leakage signal processing circuit, so that the microprocessor generates a switch control signal to switch a switch unit from a close-circuit position to an open-circuit position and thereby cuts off the power supplied from the AC line source to the load. A switch status monitoring circuit is parallelly connected to the load for monitoring the switch status of the switch unit, and timely generating and sending a switch status signal to the microprocessor.

Abstract: An integrated circuit chip has on-chip millimeter wave (mmW) circuitry. An on-chip electro static discharge, ESD, protection network couples a signal pad of the chip to the mmW circuitry. The ESD protection network has a shorted stub being a low impedance path to ground for ESD events. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A sampling frequency control method includes a difference calculating step ST1 of calculating the difference between sampled values obtained through sampling of an AC quantity of electricity of a power system at time points that are separated by a prescribed time period of the AC quantity of electricity; an effective value calculating step ST2 of calculating an effective value of the AC quantity of electricity and an effective value of the difference; a ratio calculating step ST3 of calculating the ratio K of the effective value of the difference to the effective value of the AC quantity of electricity; and a control step of controlling the sampling frequency by controlling the sampling period on the basis of the calculated ratio K so that it follows the frequency of the AC quantity of electricity.

Abstract: A constant voltage output circuit has an output power transistor supplied with electric power form a first input power source and a control circuit supplied with electric power from a second input power source. Here, when the voltage from the first input power source is equal to or higher than a predetermined level Va, an overcurrent protection circuit and a short-circuiting protection circuit operate. Furthermore, yet another protection circuit is provided that operates even when the voltage from the first input power source is lower than the predetermined level Va.

Abstract: A device and method is provided for use in connection with electrically grounding an automated guided vehicle. A grounding strap is suspended from the automated vehicle for contacting an electrical conductive ground device mounted to a floor along a travel path of the automated guided vehicle. In operation, the grounding strap contacts the electrically conductive ground device to electrically ground electronics used in connection with the guided vehicle.

Abstract: Apparatus and methodology for discharging static electricity from a vehicle which uses a discharge mechanism that does not contact the roadway (Earth) when the vehicle is in forward motion to reduce, or completely avoid, frictional wear on the discharge mechanism. In one embodiment, the displacement between the discharge mechanism and the roadway is obtained by way of wind force generated by the motion of the vehicle itself. A properly oriented and hinged windscreen attached to the conductive path discharge mechanism can be used for this purpose. Other embodiments including magnetically controlled lifting and holding devices can be used.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube circuit with reduced power consumption comprising a photomultiplier tube having a plurality of dynodes, charging circuitry for providing charge to the plurality of dynodes and an oscillator for providing a high voltage supply to the charging circuitry characterised in that the photomultiplier tube circuit further comprises means for sampling the voltage of at least one of the dynodes and a switching means for switching the oscillator on and off with respect to the at least one dynode voltage sampled.

Abstract: The method of this invention uses selected conductive fluid substances such as common saltwater, suspensions, colloids, and gases to electrically connect electrically charged electrodes and pass electricity through the selected substance thereby discharging some or all of the electrical charge accumulated in a power system without the need for complex and un-reliable electrical triggering mechanisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, and more particularly to a method for forming a metal/insulator/metal (MIM). The method comprises the steps of: forming a metal wiring surrounded by the inter-metal dielectric film; forming a plurality of insulating film on the metal wiring in sequence; and forming a metal barrier film on the insulating film, whereby the insulating film functioning as a buffer film can mitigate the stress between the films.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic includes a compound represented by the general formula: (Ba1-tCat)m(Ti1-u-xZruCux)O3 (where 0.96?m?1.02, 0.001?x?0.03, 0?t?0.1, and 0?u?0.06) as a primary component, a rare earth element Re such as Dy, a metal element M such as Mn, Mg, and Si. In the dielectric ceramic, the Cu is uniformly and dispersedly present in the primary phase grain forming the primary component, and the contents of the accessory components with respect to 100 molar parts of the primary component are 0.1 to 1.5 molar parts of Re, 0.1 to 0.6 molar parts of M, 0.1 to 1.5 molar parts of Mg and 0.1 to 2.0 molar parts of Si. Accordingly, a multilayer ceramic capacitor can be realized which has a high dielectric constant, superior temperature properties, and a high reliability, and also has a small change in electrostatic capacitance with time.

Abstract: Methods of making thin film capacitors formed on foil by forming onto a thin film dielectric in a single deposition event an integrally complete top electrode having a minimum thickness of at least 1 micron.

Abstract: A method and system of generating multipolar electromagnetic energy from bipolar electromagnetic energy, comprising supplying bipolar electromagnetic energy to plural cascades in a bipolar electromagnetic circuit such that at least a portion of said bipolar energy is converted into multipolar energy therein and separating said multipolar energy from other forms of energy produced by said circuit.

Abstract: An electric double-layer capacitor includes: a positive electrode containing a carbon material; a negative electrode containing a carbon material and a titanium oxide; and an electrolytic solution containing an ammonium salt. A weight ratio of the titanium oxide to the carbon material contained in the negative electrode is 2% by weight or more but not more than 50% by weight.

Abstract: A portable electronic device, for example, a cellular telephone, (100) including a hinge assembly (106) interconnecting first and second housing portions, wherein the housing portions are pivotal about respective non-collinear pivot axes, and a user-interface element, for example, an image capture or a display device, disposed on the hinge assembly.

Abstract: A portable electronic device includes a casing, an active function area, a passive function area and at least a heat pipe is provided. The active function area is provided inside the casing. The active function area has at least one processor, at least one input device and at least one output device. The passive function area is independent of the active function area. The processor and the passive function area are connected by the heat pipe, by which the heat generated by the processor is conducted. The heat generated by the active function area is conducted by the heat pipe to the independent passive function area effectively. Therefore, the portable electronic device has a better heat dissipating effect.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a packaging structure, which includes an external box, a lower box and cushions, for packing a display panel and a base of a flat panel display simultaneously, wherein the bottom of the lower box is provided for wrapping the top of the display panel, and the bottom of each cushion facing the display panel has a first containing groove, and the first containing grooves are provided for wrapping the bottom of the display panel, and these cushions at their top have two second containing grooves for wrapping the base. The invention not only packs the display panel and the base simultaneously into the packaging structure, but also reduces the volume of the packaging structure effectively.

Abstract: A portable display device includes a display panel, a light source supplying light to the display panel, a mold frame supporting the display panel and surrounding at least two sides of the light source, and a relief unit between the mold frame and the light source.

Abstract: A display device is provided including a display panel for displaying an image, the display panel having substrates and electrodes located between the substrates. The display device also includes a chassis base supporting the display panel and a plurality of printed circuit board assemblies mounted in the chassis base for driving the display panel. One of the printed circuit board assemblies is an address buffer board assembly driving an address electrode, the address buffer board assembly including a flexible printed circuit connected to the address electrode. The flexible printed circuit has a terminal surface corresponding to a width of a terminal drawn from the address buffer board assembly.

Abstract: The function expanding method for a display device comprises: a step of preparing a plurality of types of function expanding modules; a step of selecting a function expanding module or modules from the plurality of types of function expanding modules; and a step of stacking the selected single or plurality of function expanding module(s) to a rear part of the display device at will, and connecting the module(s) by using expanding connector(s).

Abstract: An exemplary flat panel display (2) includes a front bezel (21), a back cover (22), a display panel (23), and a button circuit board (28). The front bezel and the back cover cooperatively define a space for accommodating the display panel and the button circuit board. The front bezel includes a display window defined therein and a plurality of button devices (212). The button devices and the front bezel are portions of a single piece of molded material. The button devices corresponding to the button circuit board. Because the button devices of the flat panel display are inseparably integrated with the front bezel, the button devices and the front bezel can be fabricated using a single mold, and an individual mold for the button devices is not necessary. Therefore, the flat panel display has a reduced cost and a simplified fabricating process.

Abstract: A notebook computer with a replaceable battery holder module is provided, which comprises a notebook computer system and a replaceable battery holder module. With the setting of the replaceable battery holder module, when the original standard-equipped rechargeable battery or backup battery is running low, an ordinary long-life alkaline battery or ordinary rechargeable battery may be used in the notebook computer.

Abstract: A power supply device mounting structure includes a circuit board, which has two rows of pins arranged in parallel at the top side for power input and a bottom power connector connectable to a power connector on a motherboard for power output, and A DC-to-DC Power Module, which is connected to a power adapter for power input and has three rows of pins arranged in parallel at the power output side thereof and selectively electrically connectable with two rows of pins of the three rows of pins of the DC-to-DC power module to the two rows of pins of the circuit board for DC output to the circuit board and then the motherboard.

Abstract: A mobile storage device mounting structure in which two positioning strips respectively fastened to the two opposite lateral sides of a mobile storage device by forcing the positioning pins of the positioning strips into the respective pin holes, and then the positioning strips are inserted with the mobile storage device into a box body to electrically connect the mobile storage device to a circuit board, and then a front cover and a rear cover are respectively fastened to the front and rear open sides of the box body and stopped against the ends of the positioning strips to hold the positioning strips and the mobile storage device firmly in place.

Abstract: The invention provides a housing for an electrical card, which is an RSMMC memory card. The housing includes a metal cover and a frame integrally formed at a periphery of the metal cover by way of injection molding. A long frame is formed with a long slot for accommodating a control chip. The long slot has a length ranging from 7 to 9 mm to accommodate various types of control chips. The structure intensity of the long slot can be increased by forming through hole slots to be pressed by push needles at the bottom of the long slot when the frame is injected to cover a metal sheet. Then, the substrate formed with the IC is closed and fixed from the other surface. Thus, it is possible to effectively increase the structure intensity of the long slot to improve the function thereof.

Abstract: A solid-state non-volatile storage device may be configured such that, when plugged into a computer system, the storage device is approximately flush with the side of the computer system, with the storage device's smallest overall dimension approximately perpendicular to the side of the computer system.

Abstract: A portable hard disk drive includes a housing, a hard drive assembly disposed within the housing, and isolation material coupled to the hard drive assembly. The housing forms an enclosure defined by opposing first and second ends, opposing sides extending between the opposing first and second ends, and a top surface opposite a bottom surface. The hard drive assembly is disposed within the enclosure. The isolation material displaces the hard drive assembly from the opposing first and second ends by an end sway space and displaces the hard drive assembly from each of the opposing sides by a side sway space. In this regard, the end sway space is greater than the side sway space.

Abstract: A releasing device for releasing the hard disk drive is provided. The releasing device includes a housing, a first releasing component, a second releasing component and a third releasing component. The housing is used to contain the hard disk drive therein. The first releasing component is mounted on the housing and having a first front end and a first back end. The second releasing component has a second front end, a second back end and a fixed point fixed to the housing, wherein the second front end is connected to the first back end of the first releasing component, the fixed point mounted between the second front end and the second back end for serving as a pivoting center, and the second front end revolves around the pivoting center while the first releasing component is moved.

Abstract: An improved cooling system for a computer is disclosed. In one embodiment, the improved cooling system includes an angled blower housing and a frusto-conical, centrifugal impeller. The computer chassis has a chassis air inlet and a chassis air outlet. A blower housing is disposed in the computer chassis. The blower housing has a blower inlet face spaced within 0.512 inches (1.3 cm) from a wall of the computer chassis and facing the wall. A blower air inlet is disposed on the blower inlet face and a blower air outlet is in communication with the chassis air outlet. A centrifugal impeller is rotatably supported in the blower housing about an axis of rotation to move air from the blower air inlet to the blower air outlet. The centrifugal impeller defines a generally frusto-conical profile when rotated about the axis of rotation.

Abstract: Computer cooling equipment for computer equipment comprises: a primary heat transfer circuit; a secondary heat transfer circuit containing a secondary heat transfer fluid, a secondary condenser cooled by the primary heat transfer circuit and a secondary evaporator for cooling the computer equipment; and is characterised in that the secondary heat transfer fluid is a volatile fluid. The secondary heat transfer fluid may be carbon dioxide. The cooling system is of particular use in power hungry applications such as cooling of computer servers, particularly of blade servers as it can produce a heat load dissipation of up to 100 kW, compared to 10 kW or less using conventional systems. Heat exchange cabinets, air conditioning systems and building elements using a secondary heat transfer fluid which is a volatile fluid are also disclosed.