Abstract: Disclosed is a signal processing method for an FM-CW radar that can accurately detect the relative distance, relative velocity, etc. with respect to a target approaching or receding at a high relative velocity, wherein predicted values for peak frequencies currently detected in upsweep and downsweep sections are computed from the previously detected relative distance and relative velocity, and it is determined whether any of the predicted values exceeds a detection frequency range and, if there is a peak frequency that exceeds the detection frequency range, the frequency is folded and the folded frequency is taken as one of the predicted values, the method then proceeding to search the currently detected peak frequencies to determine whether there are upsweep and downsweep peak frequencies approximately equal to the predicted values and, if such upsweep and downsweep peak frequency are found, the peak frequency approximately equal to the folded predicted value is folded and the folded peak frequency is used.

Abstract: A FM-CW radar system comprises a frequency modulated continuous wave digital generator that produces both in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) outputs to orthogonally oriented transmitter antennas. A linearly polarized beam is output from a switched antenna array that allows a variety of I-and-Q pairs of bowtie antennas to be alternately connected to the transmitter and receiver. The receiver inputs I-and-Q signals from another bowtie antenna in the array and mixes these with samples from the transmitter. Such synchronous detection produces I-and-Q beat frequency products that are sampled by dual analog-to-digital converters (ADC's). The digital samples receive four kinds of compensation, including frequency-and-phase, wiring delay, and fast Fourier transform (FFT). The compensated samples are then digitally converted by an FFT-unit into time-domain signals. Such can then be processed conventionally for range information to the target that has returned the FM-CW echo signal.

Abstract: A system and a method for augmentation of satellite positioning systems wherein a monitoring ground station (MGS) is connected to a computer center in charge of determining the level of error of a satellite (NS) broadcasting positioning signals, and transmitting navigation correction data to a mobile user. The transmission is performed using a digital satellite system using at least one digital satellite (DS) capable of broadcasting multiplexed data in down-link transmission to a user station (U). The user station (U) de-multiplexes and retrieves the navigation correction data from said digital satellite down-link transmission by way of a frame adapter (7) connected to a satellite receiver (6). Specific data such as time or GNSS almanacs are replicated under specific format and put into specific parts of a signaling channel to enable time broadcast to standard receivers of a DS system, and to speed-up acquisition of GNSS satellite signal by standard GNSS receivers possibly in use in the U station.

Abstract: A global positioning system receiver and a correlating circuit thereof are disclosed. They sequentially and in parallel generate the portion of bits of the C/A code representing the satellite, sequentially and in parallel generate the portion of bits of the corrected frequency code of Doppler effect, and sequentially outputs the portion of bits of the C/A code and the corrected frequency code therefrom for multiplying the data and the IF data and for adding the products therefrom for generating the total summation value. Therefore, the correlating circuit having portable process is formed. Moreover, an external memory is used to store the sample digital data for reducing costs.

Abstract: A micro-tracking device for tracing action track of animals is disclosed. The micro-tracking device has a weight between 1 and 10 grams and is fastened on any animal's any position (especially a flight animal's concave ring portion between its body and tail), for capturing action track information (for example, a current height value and a speed value of about flight animal, current position and time information about the flight animal) of the animal using GPS and controlling action statuses of the animal effectively.

Abstract: A global positioning system (GPS) receiver and method are provided for compensating for Doppler variation to accurately detect GPS signals in an environment in which intensities of the GPS signals received from GPS satellites are very low. A user acceleration measuring unit measures an acceleration vector of the terminal with respect to a center of the Earth. A user Doppler variation rate estimator estimates a user Doppler variation rate of each GPS satellite due to acceleration of the terminal by making use of the measured acceleration vector. A Doppler predictor predicts a Doppler frequency according to the estimated user Doppler variation rate. Code and carrier frequency signal generators compensate codes and carriers of GPS satellites to be correlated with signals received therefrom by making use of the predicted Doppler frequency.

Abstract: A system for scanning an antenna array of the present invention. The system includes a first mechanism for modulating a desired signal on an optical carrier signal. The first mechanism includes a frequency-tunable optical oscillator with a phase shifter for changing an output frequency of the optical oscillator. A second mechanism employs the optical carrier signal to derive signals having predetermined phase relationships. A third mechanism receives the feed signals and radiates corresponding transmit signals in response thereto to the antenna array to steer the array. In more specific embodiment, the desired signal is a Radio Frequency (RF) signal, and the phase shifter is an electrically controlled optical RF phase shifter. The optical carrier signal includes a first optical carrier signal and a second optical carrier signal.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, a time of arrival circuit coupled to a wireless transceiver configured to determine a time of arrival of a wireless signal. The time of arrival circuit is operative to perform a coarse-scale frequency domain correlation of the actual samples with a predetermined ideal sample. The time of arrival circuit determines a maximum coarse correlation coefficient. The time delay circuit is operative to determine a plurality of fine correlation coefficients by interpolating around the peak coarse correlation coefficient. The time of arrival circuit determines a maximum correlation coefficient from the plurality of fine correlation coefficients and a time delay associated with the maximum correlation coefficient, the time of arrival is based on the time delay associated with the maximum correlation coefficient.

Abstract: A technique for reducing radio frequency signal navigation errors in systems such as Loran-C and the like, comprising the use of an orthogonally crossed pair of antenna windings on a ferrite cross, tuned to the carrier radio frequency to generate from the received signals both in-phase and quadrature circulating current components, and providing for the eliminating only of the quadrature current components.

Abstract: In an environment of temporally and spatially uncorrelated white additive noise, the direction estimation apparatus for coherent signals calculates (M?1) instantaneous cross-correlations between some array data, and selecting multiple pairs each of which is consisted of p instantaneous correlations from the (M?1) instantaneous cross-correlations to form a Hankel correlation matrix. Next, the apparatus divides that Hankel matrix into an upper submatrix and a lower submatrix and then calculates a linear operator at time n by using the adaptive LMS algorithm with a fixed or time-varying step-size parameter and or using the adaptive NLMS algorithm from the two submatrices. Then a noise subspace is estimated from that linear operator. Finally the directions of incident signals at time n is estimated and tracked by using that noise subspace with Newton approximation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling direction of radio-wave emission of a base-station transmitter which emits radio waves upon providing the radio waves with directivity in the direction of a receiver. Two antennas of a base station that are disposed at different positions transmit first and second signals that have been spread by mutually orthogonal spreading codes. A mobile station has a phase detector for receiving the first and second signals transmitted from respective ones of the antennas and obtaining a phase difference between these signals, and a direction estimator for calculating the direction of the mobile station, as seen from the base station, based upon the phase difference and for feeding back a signal representing the calculated direction from the mobile station to the base station. The transmitter of the base station transmits data toward the receiver in the calculated direction using a directional antenna.

Abstract: An integrated communication device having a substrate layer of substantially electrically nonconductive material with two substantially parallel surfaces, an antenna element disposed on one of the surfaces, a ground layer of substantially electrically conductive material disposed on the other surface and having an opening formed therethrough opposite from the antenna element, and a transceiver device mounted to the ground layer to transmit and/or receive electromagnetic energy through the opening.

Abstract: A monopole antenna is formed of a ground plane, a flat conductor faced to the ground plane and separated from it by a clearance “H”, and a linear conductor that is connected to the flat conductor, extended on the ground plane side in an insulated state from the ground plane, and connected to a signal source. The flat conductor is formed of an inner conductor, and outer conductors disposed on the outer periphery of the inner conductor at a predetermined interval. Set regions of the outer edge of the inner conductor and the inner edges of the outer conductors are interconnected through one or more coupling conductors.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna operates at a low frequency and a wider high frequency bands, which is formed as an elongated shape defining opposite ends. The multi-band antenna has a slot opened at a long edge and being extending to one end thereon. The wide range of the opening of the slot is larger than the extension length of the slot. A feeding conductor with a feeding point is arranged to adjoin the opening of the slot. The multi-band antenna resonates the low frequency band and a first high frequency. The slot obtains a second high frequency band higher than and partially overlapped the first high frequency. So the multi-band antenna has the low frequency bands and the better high frequency which includes several high frequency bands.

Abstract: A wireless apparatus capable of controlling radiation patterns and directions of antenna is provided. It comprises an antenna element, a ground plane, an antenna feed-point, and at least one slot or slit formed on the ground plane. The inclusion of such slots or slits in the wireless apparatus improves the radiation directivity of antenna, and greatly enhances the antenna gain on the horizontal plane. It also resolves the problems caused by shift of radiation patterns of antenna and the poor antenna gains for a conventional antenna apparatus. The wireless apparatus of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure and easy fabrication. The invention can be applied to various kinds of antennas, such as monopole antenna, shorted-monopole antenna, dipole antenna, loop antenna, and planar inverted-F antenna, etc.

Abstract: A polarization switching/variable directivity antenna according to the present invention includes a radiation conductor plate 12 on a front face, and a ground conductor plate 14 on a rear face, of a dielectric substrate 11. At least one directivity switching element and at least two polarization switching elements are provided within the ground conductor plate 14 on the rear face. The directivity switching element includes a first slot which is formed by a removing a loop-like portion from the ground conductor plate 14 and at least two directivity switching switches (22a to 22d). Each polarization switching element includes a first slot which is formed by removing a loop-like portion from the ground conductor plate 14 and at least one polarization switching switch (23a to 23d).

Abstract: A radiating antenna element intended to be used in small-sized radio devices, and a radio device having an antenna element according to the invention. The antenna element is part of the covers of a radio device. The antenna element may be conductive throughout, or it may comprise a dielectric portion and a conductive portion, which constitute a single integral component. The radiating portion of the antenna element is relatively large, e.g. in a foldable phone (20) the antenna element (200) may comprise the whole cover of a foldable part (21) except for the front side. The radiating element is advantageously fed electromagnetically through a feed element. As the radiating element is relatively large and is located on the outer surface of the device, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are good, and the space required by the antenna inside the device is relatively small.

Abstract: A telecommunication device has a permanently mounted antenna tuned to a predetermined resonant frequency and a housing formed of a plurality of parts one of which is removable. The one removable part, which may be an original element or an aftermarket add-on, changes the resonant frequency of the antenna when fitted to the housing. An electrically conductive passive correction element fixed in the one removable housing part is positioned therein and dimensioned such that when the one removable housing part is fitted to the housing the passive correction element cancels out the effect on the resonant frequency of the antenna by the one removable housing part.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle mountable satellite antenna as defined in the claims which is operable while the vehicle is in motion. The satellite antenna of the present invention can be installed on top of (or embedded into) the roof of a vehicle. The antenna is capable of providing high gain and a narrow antenna beam for aiming at a satellite direction and enabling broadband communication to vehicle. The present invention provides a vehicle mounted satellite antenna which has low axial ratio, high efficiency and has low grating lobes gain. The vehicle mounted satellite antenna of the present invention provides two simultaneous polarization states. In one embodiment, a hybrid mechanic and electronic steering approach provides a more reasonable cost and performance trade-off. The antenna aiming in the elevation direction is achieved via control of an electronic beamforming network.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a transmit/receive module for a phased array radar includes a substrate, a ground plane formed outwardly from the substrate, and one or more dielectric layers formed outwardly from the ground plane. The one or more dielectric layers have RF and DC routing formed therein. The transmit/receive module further includes an electronic device coupled outwardly from the one or more dielectric layers, and a lid coupled to a portion of the one or more dielectric layers.

Abstract: A chiral polarization UWB slot antenna comprises a feed region and opposing tapered slot lines along an arcuate path of angle measure 360° or less. Opposing tapered slot lines may terminate in bulbous ends and may be characterized by an impedance profile such as an exponential or a Klopfenstein impedance profile. In alternate embodiments, an arcuate path has an arc length substantially equal to a half wavelength at a frequency of interest and an angle measure substantially equal to 180°. In still further alternate embodiments an arcuate path is substantially described by a radial variation with respect to angle of r(?)=R sin ? where R is a constant that in some embodiments is substantially equal to ½? times wavelength (R=?/(2?)) at a particular frequency of interest. In some embodiments, a frequency of interest lies substantially within the range defined by 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz.

Abstract: A receiving antenna for digital television signal reception includes a dielectric substrate, a radiating plate formed on the dielectric substrate with a bar shape, having a first long edge and a second long edge corresponding to the first long edge, a slit formed on the radiating plate with a length at least two times the width of the radiating plate, having a terminal at about the center of the first long edge and a terminal at the second long edge, and separating the radiating plate into a first sub-plate and a second sub-plate, a first feeding point formed on the first sub-plate, a second feeding point formed on the second sub-plate, and a feeding coaxial cable having a core conductor connected to the first feeding point and a grounding conductor connected to the second feeding point.

Abstract: An antenna array includes an upper antenna and a lower antenna. Each antenna includes a driver dipole element and a director element horizontally spaced apart approximately one eighth wavelength from the driver dipole element. The driver dipole element is preferably approximately one half wavelength in overall length and the director element is preferably one half wavelength in length. The upper antenna is vertically spaced above the ground by approximately one wavelength and the upper and lower antennas are vertically spaced approximately one half wavelength apart. A preferred use of the antenna array is as an amateur radio antenna and a preferred frequency band is 14.0 to 14.350 MHZ corresponding to an approximately 20 meter wavelength.

Abstract: An array antenna apparatus (100) includes a radiating element (A0) for receiving a transmitted radio signal, two parasitic elements (A1, A2), and two variable reactance elements (12-1, 12-2) connected to the respective parasitic elements (A1, A2), and a directivity characteristic of the array antenna apparatus is changed by changing reactances set to the variable reactance elements. An antenna controller (10) selects and sets one reactance to be set from those in a first case in which a first reactance set is set to the two variable reactance elements (12-1, 12-2) and a second case in which a second reactance set is set to the two variable reactance elements (12-1, 12-2) to be able to obtain a diversity gain equal to or larger than a predetermined value, based on a received radio signal, based on signal quality of the radio signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flexible film antenna. The flexible film antenna includes a radiating element comprising a conductive trace on a flexible film. Flexible film is mounted on a core. The core comprises at least two parts that are releasably coupled together in snap or sliding relation. A feed post extends out a base of the core to connect to a power feed. Finally, a protective housing can be molded over the antenna.

Abstract: A system and method for producing spectrally segmented images of object fields. In one embodiment the system includes an optical system that focuses light received from an object field along a focal plane with a field stop positioned within the optical system that has plural apertures for selectively transmitting the light from the object field. A diffractive element is positioned within the optical system to spectrally spread, along the focal plane, the light transmitted through the apertures. The apertures can be parallel slots or geometrically arranges holes. The plural apertures are spaced such that the spectrally spread light transmitted through any given aperture and incident upon the focal plane does not overlap on the focal plane with the light transmitted through any other aperture. The diffractive element may spread light across one or more directions. In one embodiment, a processor is coupled to a plurality of pixels in a focal plane array.

Abstract: According to the present invention, drive voltage pulses are applied between a pair of electrodes by driving a first power source having a specific voltage from a state in which the electrodes are maintained at the potential of a reference power source that is different from the potential of the ground power source, and then returning it to the reference power source. As a result, the gas discharge current or capacitance charging and discharging current accompanying the application of the drive voltage pulses is prevented from flowing to the first power source line. The above-mentioned gas discharge current or capacitance charging and discharging current resulting from the application of the drive voltage pulses flows to the first power source or the reference power source electrically separated from the ground power source, and does not flow to the ground power source line, so no noise is generated on the first power source.

Abstract: An improved plasma display panel (PDP) having decreased background brightness, decreased power consumption, and improved contrast includes an address electrode, and a scan electrode and a sustain electrode are arranged in pairs with the address electrode. The PDP driver includes a subfield data generator that generates subfield data from input image data. An address data driver is provided for applying to the address electrode a voltage that corresponds to the subfield data. An address data determiner included in the PDP driver detects a subfield which has no address data from among the subfield data, and outputs a control signal that controls a reset operation of the detected subfield. In response, a scan/sustain pulse driver applies to the scan electrode and the sustain electrode a voltage that corresponds to the control signal provided by the address data determiner.

Abstract: A display apparatus divides each frame period of an input image signal into a plurality of subframes and selects the subframes according to a gray-scale level of the input signal, to display a gray-scale image. The display apparatus alternately employs two sets of tables having different gray-scale-level input/output characteristics, to move locations to cause false contours frame by frame, thereby minimizing false contours.

Abstract: Only when an input image signal continues to indicate a black display for a predetermined period of time or longer, some pixel cells randomly selected from among all pixel cells on a display screen are forcibly set to a light-emitting mode in an address process of a subfield with a small weighting.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low power and high density source driver and a current driven active matrix organic electroluminescent device having the same, in which all elements operate at a normal voltage and all circuits of the source driver are shielded from a high voltage of a panel.

Abstract: In an electroluminescent display, a pixel driving circuit is coupled between a ground potential terminal and a power voltage terminal of a power source to drive the operation of a light-emitting device. Upon receiving addressing and image data signals from a scan line and a data line, the pixel driving circuit operates to deliver an electric current to the light-emitting device according to the image data signal.

Abstract: A super twisted nematic (STN) liquid crystal display (LCD) driver and a driving method thereof includes a sub frame counter that counts the number of sub frames in response to a clock signal and generates a sub frame flag signal when each sub frame is counted. An N clock counter receives an N-line signal and generates an N-line flag signal when the number of N-line counted is N in response to the clock signal. A frame counter receives a frame rate control (FRC) selection signal, counts the number of the sub frame flag signal, and generates a frame flag signal when the number of the sub frame flag signal counted is n. A liquid crystal polarity inversion signal generator receives one of the sub frame flag signal, the N-line flag signal, and the frame flag signal in response to a selection signal, and generates a liquid crystal polarity inversion signal.

Abstract: In a display device, input display data processed by an input processing circuit is stored in a frame memory as first video data. Next-inputted video data is stored in another frame memory as second video data. The stored first video data is read out as video signals of a first field in response to a double-speed clock signal and is supplied to respective drain drivers. A comparison circuit compares second video data and first video data in the frame memory for each pixel. An output data processing circuit is controlled based on the comparison result. When second video data is darker than first video data, black display data is supplied to respective drain drivers as display data of the second field, while when second video data is brighter than first video data, white display data is supplied to respective drain drivers as display data of the second field.

Abstract: A display device such as liquid crystal display device which restrains the entrance of static electricity into a scanning signal driver circuit or a video signal driver circuit includes a pair of substrates, a signal line, a capacitance line and a counter voltage line formed on one substrate of the pair of substrate, a pixel including a thin film transistor connected to the signal line, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor and a counter electrode connected to the counter voltage line, a driver circuit formed on the one substrate and connected to the signal line and an interconnection layer disposed between the pixel and the driver circuit. At least one of the capacitance line and the counter voltage line is connected to the interconnection layer between the driver circuit and the pixel.

Abstract: An liquid crystal display (LCD) device uses a method for displaying halftone without causing luminance differences among pixels when an FRC technique is used, and without causing stripe-shaped luminance variations when a flicker component is eliminated spatially. The LCD device includes a data splitter, a pixel location detecting circuit, a frame number determining circuit, an applied timing memory circuit, an applied voltage determining circuit, a summation process circuit, and a timing adjusting circuit. The LCD device determines driving voltages such that for each of a high voltage or a low voltage during these 2N frames, the number of applying positive voltages is the same as the number of applying negative voltages where a unit period is 2N frames for multi-gray-level display of (1+N) levels. The LCD device can improve image quality since the average luminance of each pixel is made uniform.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display device which can suppress the increase of a chip size while reducing the number of transistors of a decoder circuit compared to the prior art. Assuming m (m being an integer of 2 or more) as a lower-order bit in accordance with n-bit display data, a drive part includes a gray-scale voltage generating circuit which generates M pieces of gray-scale voltages where the gray scale number with respect to the gray-scale voltages is discontinuous, a decoder circuit which selects two neighboring gray-scale voltages out of M pieces of gray-scale voltages based on data of upper-order (n-m) bits in accordance with n-bit display data, and an output amplifying circuit which generates gray-scale voltages between two gray-scale voltages from two gray-scale voltages selected by the decoder circuit based on the data of lower-order m bits in accordance with n-bit display data and outputs the gray-scale voltages to the video lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel having a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer, and a drive circuit for supplying a driving voltage to the liquid crystal panel, and performs display in a normally black mode. At least at panel temperature 40° C., a rise transmittance Tr is equal to or greater than 75% of the transmittance in the highest gray scale level displaying state, and a decay transmittance Td is equal to or less than 8% of the transmittance in the highest gray scale level displaying state. At a panel temperature T1 below 40° C.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving a liquid crystal display includes a data driver alternately applying first data voltages and second voltages to pixels for a horizontal period and a signal controller changing a state of an inversion signal between an end of the transmission of first image data corresponding to the first data voltages and a start of the transmission of second image data corresponding the second data voltages and the polarity of the common voltage between an end of the application of the data voltages for a row and a start of the application of the data voltages for a next row.

Abstract: A method for driving an In-Plane switching (IPS) mode LCD device is disclosed. The IPS mode LCD device includes gate and data lines crossing each other to define pixel regions; thin film transistors (TFTs) alternately positioned at lower and upper side pixel regions adjacent to the corresponding gate lines; and common lines of a zigzag type along the thin film transistors in the pixel regions. A common voltage is applied, wherein a first common voltage or a second common voltage is inversely applied to even numbered common lines or odd numbered common lines in one vertical period to be synchronized with a scanning signal supplied to the first gate line, and a gate Low voltage supplied to each gate line is classified into 2 levels, and inverted in synchronization with the common voltage, thereby improving the coupling of a pixel voltage on swing of a common voltage.

Abstract: This invention applies illustratively to a horizontal driving circuit for a liquid crystal display device, and to a liquid crystal display device utilizing that horizontal driving circuit. With a CMOS latch cell 12 disconnected from power supplies VDD2 and VSS2, the input of the latch cell 12 is connected to an upstream circuit 51 so as to set corresponding data on the cell. Then with the input of the CMOS latch cell 12 disconnected from the upstream circuit 51, the power supplies VDD2 and VSS2 to the CMOS latch cell 12 are switched on to level-shift the data set on the latch cell 12.

Abstract: There is provided a thin film transistor circuit used for a driver circuit for providing a semiconductor display device without a picture blur and with high fineness/high resolution. In the thin film transistor circuit, a TFT having a large size (channel width) is not used, but a plurality of TFTs each having a small size are connected in parallel to each other and are used. By this, while sufficient current capacity of the thin film transistors is secured, fluctuation in the characteristics can be decreased.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for driving a liquid crystal display wherein a picture quality can be clearly kept upon conversion of a resolution mode of the liquid crystal display. In the method and apparatus, a reset signal is generated at an enable initiation time of a data enable signal, and a source shift clock for sampling video data is reset in response to the reset signal.

Abstract: A booster converter outputs a boosted voltage. A plurality of LEDs emit light of respective colors. The transistors establish or shut connection between the LEDs and a main driving circuit. A variable current circuit feeds a current to drive the LEDs. A PWM control unit effects control to cause the LEDs to emit light with respective tones of color. A PWM circuit executes PWM modulation in accordance with an instruction from the PWM control unit. A setting control unit 138 controls the magnitude of the driving current fed by the variable current circuit in accordance with an instruction from a second light emission control unit. In an image pickup mode, an additional driving circuit feeds a driving current to the LEDs so that the LEDs operate as an electronic flash.

Abstract: A back-light driving circuit controlling red (R), green (G), and blue (B) back lights providing light to a liquid crystal panel in a field sequential liquid crystal display. The back-light driving circuit includes a driving voltage generator that provides a driving voltage to each of the R, G, and B back-lights to cause them to emit light having a predetermined luminance. The back-light driving circuit also includes a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generator for providing a PWM signal to each of the R, G, and B back-lights to control the chromaticity of the light emitted from each back-light. The driving voltages and/or PWM signals provided to each of the R, G, and B back-lights are catered to the particular characteristics of the corresponding back-light to cause them to emit color having a desired luminance and/or chromaticity.

Abstract: An adjustable brightness apparatus includes a light detection unit and a modulation and can automatically adjust the backlight current of a display device based on variable ambient light outside the display device so as to reduce the power consumption. Users can therefore view images shown on the display device more clearly and comfortably.

Abstract: A method and system for interactive interfacing with a computer gaming system is provided. The method includes providing an input device, where the input device is configured to convey mutlti-channel mixed input data that is to be interpreted by the computer gaming system. The method includes identifying an action to be performed by the computer gaming system, and the action is mapped to the mutlti-channel mixed input data provided by the input device. Then, a gearing is applied between the action to be performed by the computer gaming system and the mutlti-channel mixed input data received from the input device. The gearing scales an adjustment to impact the action to be performed by the computer gaming system. The gearing can be set dynamically by the game, by the user, or can be preset by software or user configured in accordance with a gearing algorithm.

Abstract: A movement input device for use on a touch screen and a portable electronic device including such a device are described. The movement input device includes a fastening unit securing the movement input device on the portable electronic device, and a user input unit extending through the fastening unit. The user input unit includes a user actuation part protruding from a top side of the fastening unit and actuatable by a user for free angular movement around an axis (X) and a touch screen contact part protruding from a bottom side of the fastening unit, which is arranged to contact the touch screen in a position where at least an angle of the contact position corresponds to an angle of the user actuation part. Movement of the user input unit is thus detected on the touch screen.

Abstract: A capacitance type sensor includes a substrate, a group of electrodes fixed on an upper face of the substrate, a movable electrode plate having an electrode on its lower side and a gap between the group of fixed electrodes on the substrate and the electrode on the movable electrode plate. The gap is formed with a solder layer, a conductive elastomer layer, a conductive paint layer, or a conductive adhesive material layer provided on the substrate. The electrode on the movable electrode plate is made of conductive rubber plate or conductive elastomer plate.

Abstract: An optical mouse, with shade compensation, has a light source, a sensor and a controller. The light source illuminates a sampling plane of a mouse. The sensor consists of a 2-dimensional array of sensing elements to capture an image from the sampling plane and temporarily store the image into a 2-dimensional array of pixels, each having a pixel value. The controller is connected to the sensor for adjusting the pixel values according to a predetermined table, thereby achieving a shade compensation for the sensing elements.