Abstract: A technique for Crest Factor reduction of multi-carrier signals using phase rotation is described. The multi-carrier signal could be in digital baseband, analog baseband, or analog RF (radio frequency). The multi-carrier signal is converted to individual baseband representatives before each individual baseband signal being phase rotated according to an algorithm which maintains the crest factor to a pre-defined value. The algorithm uses a deterministic phase rotation technique and each phase rotated baseband signals will be individually filtered to remove the unwanted signals. The phase rotated and filtered baseband signals are then up converted and combined to reconstruct the multi-carrier signal. The crest factor reduction is limited by the in band distortion introduced to each individual signal.

Abstract: The system enables bidirectional communication between a center and a plurality of users via a power line network and is characterized in that low and high speed communication can be established to provide multiple high-quality services to the users. The system comprises a performing network and frequency time-sharing and/or orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA).

Abstract: A transmitter device comprises an OFDM transmission unit, a MC-CDMA transmission unit, and a control unit for selecting either the OFDM transmission unit or the MC-CDMA transmission unit at slot time assigned to a receiver device in response to propagation conditions for the receiver device. The propagation conditions are a distance from the receiver device and a CINR.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit which transmits voice data as ancillary data while maintaining transmission quality without increasing the number of transmission cables in a system for carrying out serial transmission of image data as main data. The semiconductor integrated circuit includes a main data transmitting circuit for converting main data into serial data and transmitting the serial data via at least one transmission path in synchronization with a clock signal, and an ancillary data transmitting circuit for pulse-width-modulating the clock signal by using ancillary data to generate a modulated clock signal having at least three kinds of pulse widths in a predetermined order and transmitting the modulated clock signal via another transmission path.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improved streaming of variable bit rate multimedia content are described. The described systems and methods solve some streaming problems by streaming the variable bit rate content at a constant bit rate that is negotiated between a server and a client. As a result, a transmission channel from server to client is utilized in an efficient manner. If the client is able to buffer the streamed content (to a hard drive, for example) the content can be streamed at a rate that is significantly less than its peak bit rate, even at a rate that is less than its average bit rate.

Abstract: A method of switching a network access configuration associated with a first electronic system to a second electronic system via a network is described. The first electronic system is inoperable. The second electronic system replaces the first electronic system such that a user seamlessly transitions from the first electronic system to the second electronic system. The user continues to access the network resources using the second electronic system rather than the first electronic system.

Abstract: A redundant network interface for ethernet devices is disclosed. The redundant network interface provides connections between one or more Ethernet devices and two or more independent networks. The redundant network interface device also tests an active primary Ethernet connection path, and when a failure or inactive path is detected, the redundant network interface device reroutes the messages to alternate communication path.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a method and apparatus for restoring a connection in a network. The connection is typically a sub network connection (SNC). In an embodiment, a failed line in a link connecting a first node and a second node is detected, where the failed line is associated with a sub network connection (SNC). The sub network connection (SNC) is then mapped to an alternate line in the link. The first node will change cross connections in a switch fabric in the first node, while the second node will change cross connections in a switch fabric in the second node, so that both nodes can transmit data on the selected alternate line, in order to restore the SNC.

Abstract: Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, data structures, computer-readable media, and mechanisms for maintaining counters, such as in, but not limited to a packet switching system, and updating a secondary counter storage based on values of the counters and entries in an overflow buffer. Multiple counter values are stored in a counter bank. An indication of a particular counter of the multiple counters to update is received. A current value of the particular counter is updated in the counter bank, and if an overflow condition results, then an indication of the particular counter is added to an overflow buffer. Periodically each of the multiple counters are visited and corresponding values are updated in a secondary storage, and each entry is retrieved from the overflow buffer and a corresponding value is updated in the secondary storage.

Abstract: A computerized method for determining a congestion level for a buffer associated with an SS7 link according to a first set of congestion rules includes receiving an abatement level and an onset level for the buffer. The method also includes generating, based on the received abatement level and the received onset level, more than two threshold levels for use by the congestion program. The congestion program is operable to generate a congestion level for the buffer according to a second set of rules different from the first set of rules. The method also includes providing the threshold levels to the congestion program, receiving from the congestion program a congestion level for the buffer based on the threshold values, the usage of the buffer, and the second set of rules, and converting the received congestion level into a converted congestion level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is presented for performing a sequence-level CRC calculation on fiber channel communications within a switching platform domain. A CRC generator searches the data communication for frames that contain the type of data for which a sequence-level CRC is desired, such as for a sequence containing SCSI data. If found, and the type of data allows multiple frames per sequence, the present invention creates a CRC value for the sequence. An intermediate CRC value is stored in a queue to allow the simultaneous calculation of sequence level CRC values for multiple frames. With inbound data, the sequence-level CRC is appended to the end of the sequence data. With outbound data, the calculated value is compared with the appended, expected value, With single-frame fiber channel protocols, the frame-level CRC value is obtained directly from the frames entering the switching platform domain.

Abstract: A system and method with policy control function (PCF) for multimedia broadcast/multicast system (MBMS) services that includes a core network, one or more application servers, and one or more policy control functions (PCF). In one embodiment, the core network includes one or more gateway GPRS support nodes (GGSN). One of the application servers provides a MBMS service. At least one policy control function is operatively connected between each GGSN and application server. MBMS session request information is sent from the MBMS service server to the policy control function. The policy control function provides authorization information for a MBMS session to the GGSN.

Abstract: A system and method for defeating SYN attacks are provided. When the number of packets received by a server is above the capacity of the server, the server assumes that a SYN attack is in progress. The server randomly drops SYN packets without processing them. The percentage of SYN packets dropped is increased while the load on the server exceeds capacity, and decreased while the load on the server does not exceed capacity. Under attack conditions, a percentage of TCP connections are still maintained.

Abstract: In an asynchronous transfer mode switch, a plurality of queues is provided for accumulating transfer cells, and a queue assignment processing section, receives a message for establishing a connection and assigns to the connection one of the queues having a forwarding rate close to a declared rate included in the message and not exceeding the declared rate.

Abstract: A de-rate matching method and apparatus in a High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) system are provided.

Abstract: Oversubscription of Fibre Channel links over a transport network is provided. A transport interface according to the present invention may maintain a small ingress buffer in addition to the normal egress buffer. The ingress buffer is primarily used for oversubscription and the egress buffer is primarily used for flow control. Ready indications to multiple local Fibre Channel ports may be locally generated when flow control conditions permit and may be distributed among the local Fibre Channel ports in response to preconfigured bandwidth sharing weights. Transport network efficiency is achieved by statistical multiplexing without significant increase in buffer memory requirements or introduction of latency into the flow control mechanism.

Abstract: A method for communicating packets in a network environment is provided that includes communicating, by a first network element, a first summary update to a second network element. The method further includes receiving a second summary update from the second network element. The exchange of the first and second summary updates achieves adjacency between the first and second network elements. The first and second summary updates include, at least, locally generated state information and a single link state.

Abstract: Multi-packet probes are forwarded from a source to a destination through different paths. The efficiencies of the different paths are then determined by comparing information collected from the probes arriving at the destination. The information can include sequence information such as a sequence number. Packet loss information, such as the ratio of lost packets to sent packets, can be determined based on the sequence information. Alternatively, a histogram of numbers of sequential packets lost can be determined. The information can also include timing information, such as a timestamp, from which relative latency based on the timing information across different paths can be determined. In addition, jitter for each path based on the timing information for that path can also be determined based on the timing information.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to restoration of services in a network. More particularly, the invention encompasses a scheme for randomized selection of equal cost links during restoration in a communication network. The invention further includes multiple schemes for restoring services. The network could consist of optical, ATM, FR, or IP/MPLS switches and cross-connects.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the C-bit parity application of DS3 makes use of the relative state of the CP-bits and the P-bits in one or more M-frames alone or in combination with the state of the AIC signal. In one implementation, the invention is a detector circuit that is adapted to receive a CP-bit and a P-bit from each of a group of one or more M-frames of a DS3 service. For each M-frame in the group, the detector circuit performs a logical XOR between the CP-bit and the P-bit for that M-frame. The detector circuit further performs a logical OR between the XOR results from each M-frame in the group and outputs a C-bit parity format detect signal if the result is zero.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for obtaining logical performance data for a network circuit in a data network. The network circuit includes both a logical circuit and a physical circuit. A legacy physical element module sends a request for logical performance data to a logical element module through a network management module in communication with the legacy physical element module and the legacy physical element module. Based on the request, the logical element module retrieves the logical performance data from one or more network devices in the network and transmits the data to the legacy physical element module through the network management module. Upon receiving the logical performance data, the legacy physical element module uses the performance data to troubleshoot the physical circuit. The network device may be a switch. The circuit may be a frame relay circuit or an ATM circuit.

Abstract: Provided are a method for parsing a bit stream including multiple data formats, and an apparatus and computer program including a set of parsers and parser-selection and invocation capabilities for handling parsing of multiple data formats. A first parser is selected and invoked to handle a first formatted component of the bit stream, and this selected parser selects and invokes a next parser which is capable of handling a differently formatted next component of the bit stream. This is differentiated from systems which rely on a single generic parser or a single high-level parser selection process, and is especially advantageous when parsing messages to enable message processing in systems in which a message can include multiple different, nested data formats.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for transmitting and receiving packetized data having multiple protocol headers in a packet data communication system. An operating state of a network is determined, and a period for transmitting a full packet is decided according to a result of the determination. Full packets having uncompressed headers are transmitted during periodic transmission times according to the decided full-packet transmission period, and compressed packets are transmitted in other transmission times. If the operating state of the network is decided to be a congested state according to an average packet retransmission ratio produced in a period for measuring the operating state of the network, the full-packet transmission period is set to “1”. A value of the full-packet transmission period in an unloaded state is twice a value of the full-packet transmission period in a normal state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring Quality-of-Service (QoS) in packet-based communications networks for Voice-over-IP applications is advantageously based not only on packet loss information but also on particular characteristics of the speech data itself. Measurement of failures of the “quasi-stationary” (QS) property of speech—that is, the assumption that both the pitch and spectral envelop usually vary slowly relative to the packet size—are advantageously used in conjunction with measures of packet loss characteristics (e.g., packet loss rates or burst ratios) to calculate a QoS measure. One specific QS failure measure—referred to herein as QSFE (quasi-stationary failure estimate)—advantageously estimates the phoneme rate and is used in one illustrative method for calculating a QoS measure for Voice-over-IP applications in the presence of packet loss.

Abstract: A method for measuring network performance parity includes the steps of computing a call completion ratio for at least one network provider, and determining whether the call completion ratio passes a first test. These steps may further include computing a first call completion ratio for a first network provider, a second call completion ratio for a second network provider, a difference between the first call completion ratio and the second call completion ratio, and a variance for the difference. The method also includes the step of assessing whether a second test is determinate if the call completion ratio does not pass the first test, by determining whether the variance is greater than a variance cutoff. In addition, the method includes the step of assessing whether a call completion ratio passes the second test, if the second test is determinate, by determining whether the difference is greater than a threshold.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring communications in a frame relay network are described. In an embodiment of the present invention, an analyst or automated system creates a command to instruct a network element to mirror a port to another network element in communication with the frame relay network. In one embodiment, the analyst troubleshoots a communication link between two network elements by creating two port mirror commands, transmitting the commands to the network elements, and then monitoring subsequent communications between the elements. Various analytical tools may be available to the analyst to receive data and to help diagnose problems and potential problems within the frame relay network.

Abstract: In a communication network, the responsiveness of the transmission rate of data packets to packet drops is quantified for an aggregate of flows as opposed to on a per-flow basis. In an Aggregate Perturbation Method (APM), a small number of data packets is intentionally dropped from the aggregate at a switching node and a response thereto is measured. Traffic not conforming to the predetermined transmission control protocol may be discovered as a decrement in the reduction in traffic rate compared to that anticipated based on the rate of dropped packets. To prevent interference from the simultaneous application of APM at multiple switching nodes, an orthogonal drop rate signature defining the instantaneous drop rate is assigned thereto. The orthogonal drop rate signature is based on the code division multiple access (CDMA) coding of data, and for that reason, APM with the application of orthogonal drop rate signatures is termed CDMA-based APM, or CAPM.

Abstract: A link-state synchronization method on an ad-hoc network includes the steps of each node broadcasting link state information indicating the state of a link connected directly to the node, to a neighboring node; and the neighboring node receiving the link state information, storing the received link state information and broadcasting the link state information to another neighboring node. According to the link state synchronization method, the link state can be quickly synchronized without overhead.

Abstract: Described are methods, systems, and processor program products for determining a set of costs of routes in a network, including providing a model of the network, optimizing the model for maximum network lifetime, updating the model using at least one constraint based on the maximum network lifetime, optimizing the updated model for minimum network latency, modifying the updated model using a constraint based on the minimum network latency, and, optimizing the modified updated model by balancing the network across multiple pathways to provide costs of routes in the network.

Abstract: The system is a combination of a network device having a feature to transmit to an administration device information including the IP address of the device at power on and an administration device having a feature to automatically register the administration information concerning the network device which has transmitted the information based on the received information.

Abstract: A bridged network system (20). The bridged network system comprises a plurality of bridge nodes (N0-N7). Each bridge node in the plurality of bridge nodes is coupled to communicate with at least one other bridge node in the plurality of nodes. Further, bridge nodes in the plurality of bridge nodes are connected to one another to form a communications-possible line of bridge nodes (N0, N7, N6, N5, N1, N4, N3, N2). Each bridge node comprises circuitry for associating a bridge priority, selected from a plurality of bridge priorities, with the respective bridge node. The plurality of bridge priorities may be arranged in an ordered sequence, but the bridge priorities associated with successive bridge nodes along the communications-possible line of bridge nodes comprises at least two discontinuities (N0/N7; N1/N5; N1/N4) in the ordered sequence.

Abstract: A multiple access communications system achieving an improvement in transmission efficiency is disclosed. A slave station receives data from variable speed data terminals and generates a plurality of data packets. The slave station then transmits a transmission request packet containing a total amount of data packets to be concatenated to a master station. The master station transmits a transmission permission packet containing a total amount of data packets permitted to be concatenated through a broadcast line to the slave station. The slave station concatenates a plurality of uplink transmission data packets within a predetermined range, and transmits a concatenated uplink transmission data packet to the master station through the multiple access line network.

Abstract: A power saving method in a wireless LAN system is disclosed for permitting a terminal station to promptly transition to a doze state irrespective of the presence or absence of data destined to the terminal station in a base station. Upon receipt of a PS-Poll signal from a terminal station subordinate to a base station for prompting a transmission of data destined to the terminal station, the base station transmits an ACK signal to the terminal station for indicating a successful reception of the PS-Poll signal. Further, the base station transmits a data frame including data destined to the terminal station when there is such data, or transmits an empty data frame when there is no data destined to the terminal station. Then, upon receipt of the data frame (including the empty data frame), the terminal station transmits an ACK signal to the base station, and then transitions to the doze state in which a transmission/reception function is made inoperative.

Abstract: An access method for adjusting variable power in the CDMA mobile communication system includes obtaining acquisition information through receiving a prefix of a physical random access channel, and an access prefix and a conflict detection prefix of a physical common packet channel and evaluating quality, respectively; performing precise control of transmission power of a message section of the physical random access channel, and the conflict detection prefix, a power control prefix, and a message section of the physical common packet channel; transmitting a control indication of the precise control; and transmitting the message section of the physical random access channel, and the conflict detection prefix, the power control prefix, and the message section of the physical common packet channel by using a value among a plurality of power bias values.

Abstract: A method for configuring enterprise gateways includes determining an enterprise internet protocol (IP) address that identifies the interface of an enterprise gateway. The interface couples to one or more components of an enterprise network. An enterprise domain name associated with the enterprise network is determined. An address for a border gateway within an operator network is determined. The operator network links the enterprise gateway to the one or more mobile nodes. A configuration request is communicated to the border gateway. The configuration request includes the enterprise domain name. Operator configuration information is received from the border gateway. The operator configuration information includes an access point name assigned to the enterprise network and for use by the mobile nodes to request access to the enterprise network.

Abstract: Controlling establishment of a synchronous communication link depending on how the communication band is used, the controlling being applied to a wireless communication terminal which supports both asynchronous communications and synchronous communications. A asynchronous communication link management section manages the presence of asynchronous communication links between wireless communication terminals. A synchronous communication link management section manages the presence/status of synchronous communication links between wireless communication terminals. When a request to establish a new synchronous communication link is made by a user, a link establishment determination section determines whether the currently-established asynchronous communication links can be maintained based on the presence/status of the asynchronous and synchronous communication links and the requested communication quality.

Abstract: Dynamically allocating a frame cell (FC)/subchannel in a mobile communication system by an access point that receives channel quality information (CQIs) fed back from access terminals, determines a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to be applied to the access terminals based on the CQIs, and if access terminals whose FCs/subchannels must be changed are detected from the access terminals, sends an FC/subchannel change request to an access router. The access router allocates an FC/subchannel set by selecting a number of FCs/subchannels according to the FC/subchannel change request, and transmits information on the allocated FC/subchannel set to the access point. The access point selects and allocates a particular FC/subchannel from among FCs/subchannels in the FC/subchannel set information to the access terminals whose FCs/subchannels must be changed, based on CQIs last received from the access terminals.

Abstract: An enhanced hybrid duplexing technology (EDHT)-based communication method including dividing a cell prescribed by a transmission power of the base station into at least two logical areas, dividing the system frequency band into at least two subbands, and communicating in different duplexing modes using at least one of the subbands according to a position of the terminal within the cell. According to the method, a flexible resource management is possible according to the communication environment by dividing an entire system band into at least two subbands, differentiating the bandwidths of the subbands and the duplexing techniques, and selecting and allocating the resources of the subbands according to the position of the terminal within the cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for generating unique MSIDs for access terminals (AT) that do not present an MSID to the access network controller (ANC). The electronic serial number (ESN) of the AT is first converted to an ASCII character string representing the unsigned decimal equivalent of the 32 bit ESN. The ASCII string is padded with leading “0” (zeros), if necessary, to create a 10 character string. The ANC generates a 5 character string unique to all 1xEVDO networks then concatenates the two strings to create a unique 15 character string. The created 15 character string is then presented to the PDSN to establish a network session.

Abstract: An improved method for facilitating handoff between an asynchronous and a synchronous base station. A method for determining a pilot channel PN offset of a pilot channel transmitted by a wireless base station. In a first embodiment, the method includes correlating a PN sequence with a received pilot signal to acquire a PN frame timing, receiving at least one search code burst aligned with the PN frame timing, the at least one search code burst signifying the pilot channel PN offset, and comparing the at least one search code burst to a set of codewords, each codeword representing a predetermined PN offset. From the search code bursts, the mobile station is able to quickly determine the PN offset of the transmitting base station, and thereby identify it. Methods for transmitting a complementary set of forward link channels are also disclosed.

Abstract: A seamless handoff system and method reduces delay and packet loss during handoff of user equipment (UE) from a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) network to a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) network. The handoff system and method performs pre-registration and pre-authentication processes before the occurrence of a handoff, buffers packets being delivered to a UE during a handoff period, and forwards the buffered packets to the UE after completion of the handoff, thereby reducing packet loss that can occur during handoff.

Abstract: A method for conveying signaling information of a communication system that uses MIMO antenna systems. To enable a relatively larger amount of information to be conveyed over the communication system and thus exploit the use of the MIMO antenna system, forward link signaling channels are provided where such channels contain swapping information that allow the communication system to retransmit traffic information using any one of the antenna elements of a MIMO system. The forward link signaling channels also contain channel assignment information that indicate which particular groups of channels are available for use by particular users of the communication system.

Abstract: Apparatus for classifying a ray is disclosed, wherein the ray is received at a code division multiple access receiver. The apparatus comprises: means for receiving a neighbouring cell list comprising at least information concerning scrambling codes used by, and timing information concerning at least one neighbouring cell; means for selecting a cell from the neighbouring cell list, the cell having associated therewith one or more scrambling codes; means for determining whether the number of cells in the neighbouring cell list exceeds a threshold; means responsive to a positive determination for attempting to classify the ray to the selected cell without utilising means for mixing a received signal with a scrambling code; and means responsive to a negative determination for mixing a received signal with a scrambling code used by the selected cell to provide a mixed signal, and for examining the mixed signal to determine if the ray originates from the cell.

Abstract: A wireless LAN comprises an access point with a data communicator for data communicated over different channels, each using a respective wireless technology, and at least one mobile communications device with a data communicator for data communicated over the channels and using the wireless technologies. A first of the channels uses a wireless technology operating at a first frequency bandwidth, and a second of the channels uses a different wireless technology operating at a second, non-overlapping frequency bandwidth. The wireless technology used for the downlink channel operates at a higher data rate than the wireless technology used for the uplink channel. The controller controls data communications over the downlink channel and the uplink channel to maximise the downlink data communication QoS.

Abstract: Enhanced throughput is achieved by using full concatenation of SDUs, SDU fragments, and STATUS PDUs within the protocol data units of a UMTS-based system.

Abstract: When insufficient traffic is present in the network to maintain synchronization in this manner, other methods must be used. One approach involves making direct measurements of the timing between base stations. This is accomplished in one of two ways. The base may interrupt its transmissions on all sectors for a short interval during which it determines the time of arrival of signals from other base stations. Given knowledge of the other base station locations, time errors relative to all other base stations may be derived. Alternatively, the base may send a short signal at high power in the mobile transmit band. This time-of-arrival of this signal is measured by the surrounding base stations and the time errors between pairs of base stations are computed. In some cases, a base station may be isolated sufficiently from all other base stations in the network such that direct base-to-base measurement is not viable.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for protocol-independent extension of data services through a broadband packet network packs legacy data streams associated with the data services into containers which are in turn encapsulated in protocol data units (PDUs) that are launched into the broadband packet network. The apparatus optimally supports idle suppression to efficiently utilize packet network resources. If idle indications are not provided by subtending sources, idle patterns may be detected by examining the serial data stream for repeating data patterns. The containers have headers dependent on the data stream type. Thus data is only transported across the packet network as required, further improving efficiency.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for routing telephone calls on a standard telephone network to one of a PSTN network and a VoIP network. The system comprises at least one telephone capable of making local and long distance calls on the network. A Central Office is coupled to the telephone and comprises a trigger for identifying calls to be routed to either a VoIP platform or the PSTN network. Calls to be converted to IP protocol are routed to a VoIP platform. An IP network is coupled to the VoIP platform and routes VoIP calls to one or more devices in communication with the telecommunications system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a call processing message converter and message converting method in an IP-PBX system, capable of controlling IP terminals equally to legacy terminals by transceiving user information with IP terminals.

Abstract: A proxy service provides telephone conferencing services and personal telephony services. Users can participate in the conference by connecting through different types of networks using a device having one or more types of communication lines connected to the proxy service. A primary user can request the proxy to call each one of the users and establish the conference. The primary user may accomplish this through a data line using data requests or though a voice line using voice requests. Typically, the primary user provides a telephone number for each user. The primary user can also provide with specific times of when calls should be placed, identification information for each user, the type of conference, and other conference parameters.