Abstract: This invention provides a simplified communication system that transmits voice and SDSL signals between customer premise equipment (“CPE”) on a single twisted-pair line. The system preferably includes at least one combiner for combining voice and SDSL signals into a combined voice/SDSL signal that can be transmitted to the CPE on a single twisted pair of wires, preferably a pair of wires currently being used to transmit the voice signal to the CPE. One combiner is ideally located at a common wiring closet of the building where the CPE is located. The combiner is ideally coupled to the existing pair of wires for the voice signal. This eliminates the need to add another set of wires between the common wiring closet and the CPE for the SDSL signal. A second combiner, normally located at or near the CPE separates the combined voice/SDSL signal into the separate voice and SDSL signals for processing by the CPE.

Abstract: A system according to this invention executes congestion control for monitoring a packet flow which passes through a relay router in a VoIP network and in which a packet is transferred with a predetermined priority, and for, when congestion is generated by generation of a new packet flow, maintaining a transfer state of a packet of a packet flow established before the new packet flow is generated and transferred with the predetermined priority.

Abstract: A system for controlling egress buffer saturation includes, for each data packet flow, a comparator for comparing the number of data packets ‘WPC’ temporarily stored within an egress buffer to a predefined threshold value ‘WPCth’. The packet sequence number ‘PSNr’ of a last received in-sequence data packet and each highest packet sequence number ‘HPSNj’ received through respective ones of the plurality of switching planes is stored. By comparing the last received in-sequence packet sequence number ‘PSNr’ to each highest packet sequence number ‘HPSNj’ when the number of data packets ‘WPC’ exceeds the predefined threshold value ‘WPCth’ a determination as to which switching plane(s), among the plurality of switching planes, to unstop the flow of data packets can be made.

Abstract: A method for providing IP multicast service using a VLAN in a network including an IP multicast/VLAN manager for supporting an IGMP and a GVRP, and multicast group members, includes: after generating an IP multicast group, allowing a sender to request the IP multicast/VLAN manager to search for at least one host joining the IP multicast group; allowing the IP multicast/VLAN manager to check whether the host supports the VLAN; and allowing the sender to transfer a packet through the VLAN if the host joining the IP multicast group supports the VLAN and allowing the sender to broadcast a packet though IP multicast if not.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for handling FTP (file transfer protocol) control packets. In general terms, mechanisms are provided for facilitating FTP sessions between devices utilizing different protocols, such as IPv4 and IPv6. For example, FTP control packets from an IPv6 client to an IPv4 server are handled to facilitate such communication. Likewise, FTP control packets from an IPv4 client to an IPv6 server are handled to facilitate such communication. Communication is also facilitated when either or both of the client or server is in the form of a dual-stack device. To facilitate FTP session between devices having different protocols, FTP control packets between two different protocol devices are translated from one protocol to another protocol when required, e.g., from an IPv6 to an IPv4 format or visa versa.

Abstract: A method and equipment is used to transmit and/or receive time delay-intolerant information over a communication system. The information is transmitted in aggregated form. A plurality of packets representing time delay-intolerant information is combined to form an aggregate packet. The aggregate packet is formed based on user service requirements while maintaining time delay requirements of the information. The size of the aggregated is formed from a negotiation between the transmitting equipment and receiving equipment. Because of the use of an aggregated packet less scheduling of packets is done and the aggregated packet can be transmitted at a rate different than the fixed rate of the time delay-intolerant information. The equipment comprises transmit equipment and receive equipment. The transmit equipment contains an aggregator that combines a plurality of packets based on user service requirements. The packets to be transmitted are retrieved at the fixed rate of the time delay-intolerant information.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program for providing multilevel security to a computer network. The method comprises the step of receiving a first communication packet on at least one network interface port from an outside network. The method further includes the steps of filtering the first packet in one of at least two levels of security comprising a first level of security which examines the content information of the packet and a second level of security which examines the first packet excluding the content information of the packet. The system includes a first packet filter configured to filter its input packets by examining content information of its packets and a second packet filter configured to filter its input packets by examining the header information without examining the content information of its packets. The system further includes a third filter which is configured to forward a number of packets to one of the first and second filters, thereby providing security to the computer network.

Abstract: The method is for sending information through a topology. A first and second node each having a first node having a first access port, a second access port and a first uplink connected to a first router and a second router, respectively. A third node is provided that has a first access port and a first uplink, the first uplink of the third node being connected to the second access port of the first node. A first packet is sent via the first access port to the second node. The second node adds a first port number to a tag of the first packet and sends the first packet via the first uplink of the second node to the first access port of the first node. The first node receives the first packet via the first access port of the first node. The first node adds the first port number to the tag and adds a first port number of the first access port of the first node to the tag. The first node sends the first packet via the first uplink of the first node to a first router.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the disclosure describes a technique of determining forwarding information for at least a sub-set of members of a multi cast group, and sending, toward a downstream entity, at most a single copy of data to be multicasted to the sub-set of members and the determined forwarding information.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus and method and a computer readable storage medium storing data processing programs realizing the data processing method, capable of preventing transmission of unnecessary redundant data and efficiently utilizing a transmission path. In the data processing method, data is input, the data is compression-encoded, the encoded data is packetized into a first data train on a basis of a first data length, the generated first data train is packetized into a second data train on a basis of a second data length, and the first data length is controlled in accordance with the second data length.

Abstract: The MAC frame in a wireless communication system includes a terminal ID allocated to each of multiple terminals. At least one connection ID is allocated to each terminal having the terminal ID, and sub-carrier allocation information is allocated to each connection having the connection ID. The sub-carrier allocation information includes a sub-carrier allocation status for each sub-carrier, and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier. The sub-carrier allocation status and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier can be allocated, by sub-carriers, to the sub-carrier allocation information using a same number of bits; or the information on the sub-carrier allocation status is first allocated to the sub-carrier allocation information and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier is allocated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, a device, such as a mobile station, and an information bearing medium that tangibly embodies a program of machine-readable instructions that are executable by a digital processing apparatus to perform operations to receive data packets. In this case the operations include verifying the correctness of a received data packet; storing a data packet found to have an incorrect TCP layer header checksum and signaling the source of the received data packets and, in response to receiving another instance of a previously received incorrect data packet, verifying the correctness of the received another instance of the data packet and, if correct, using information obtained from verifying the correctness of a header of the received another instance of the data packet to re-verify the correctness of the at least one stored data packet that was previously found to be incorrect.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to control interaction between two multi-threaded processor engines is presented. A first multi-threaded processor engine is configured for connection to a serial link, and performs receive and transmit operations in a first “PHY” mode of operation. A second multi-threaded processor engine is operable to process data received by the first multi-threaded processor over the serial link and to provide the processed data to the first multi-threaded processor engine for transmission over the serial link, when the first multi-threaded processor operates in the PHY mode. Additionally, the first multi-threaded processor engine is configured to execute certain operations, e.g., hardware accelerator operations, at the request of the second multi-threaded processor engine in a second “co-processor” mode of operation.

Abstract: A method of scheduling high-priority packets in a metro Ethernet switch is described. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of determining a maximum queuing delay allowed for at least two high-priority packets in an output queue in the switch; determining which one of the at least two high-priority packets has the smallest maximum queuing delay allowed; and scheduling the one of the at least two high-priority packets determined to have the smallest maximum queuing delay allowed before the remaining ones of the at least two high-priority packets.

Abstract: A label switching router having an internal channel share function over an asynchronous transfer mode that sets up an internal channel in advance of the external channel and shares it when an external channel needs to be set up, and a method for sharing an internal channel using the same.

Abstract: A combined CDM/TDM (code division multiplexing/time division multiplexing) transmitter and method are provided which employ fractional slot assignment by assigning fractional CDM channel gains to multiple slots for at least one packet with a goal that a sum of fractional CDM gains assigned each packet over a scheduling period meet a required threshold. In some embodiments, the transmitter is adapted to determine which users to transmit during a given slot, and to determine fractional CDM channel gains using an optimization of fractional CDM channel gain and user assignment which maximizes a number of users each of which is assigned a respective group of one or more slots with fractional CDM channel gains which sum to the required threshold for the user.

Abstract: Achieved bandwidths for existing subscribers are collected and organized into a statistical bandwidth table utilizing characterizing information, such as the Central Office (CO) that provided the service, the type of xDSL service that was provided, the primary, secondary, and other cable segments over which service was provided, and the subscriber loop length increment. To estimate anticipated bandwidth for a new subscriber, the new subscriber's characterizing information is obtained and used to select one or more entries from the statistical bandwidth table of statistical actual bandwidths achieved by other users that most closely matches the new subscriber's characterizing information. The statistical bandwidth information for the other similarly situated subscribers is used as an estimate bandwidth information for the new subscriber.

Abstract: Providing a corrected delivery address comprises receiving a plurality of first data elements, each of the plurality of first data elements comprising a first portion and a second portion. Next providing a corrected delivery address comprises providing a second data element, the second data element corresponding to one of the plurality of first data elements and comprising a corrected version of the second portion of the corresponding first data element. Then providing a corrected delivery address comprises receiving an indication that none of the second portions of the plurality of first data elements match the second data element and providing, in response to the indication, a link associating the second data element with the first data element corresponding to the second data element.

Abstract: A packet relaying apparatus is structured to comprise a network relaying function for selecting one or more networks allowed to relay an received packet based on the transmission source network identifier corresponding to the received packet, a domain relaying function for selecting one or more routing domains corresponding to one or more networks, a routing information management function for collating the transmission destination address of the packet with each routing domain information of one or more routing domains to select the next hop router address for transmitting the packet to the next packet relaying apparatus, and a packet relaying function for transmitting the packet to the transmission destination address.

Abstract: A set-up scheme for a cut-through connection in a network system capable of realizing a high throughput, low latency internetwork communication efficiently under an internet environment. A network node checks source/destination information of the transport layer and/or a source/destination information of the network layer of a received packet, and if the checked information satisfies a prescribed condition, determines the packet to be a trigger. Then, the network node instructs another node capable of initiating a set-up operation, which may be the network node itself, to initiate the set-up of the cut-through connection for traffic corresponding to the trigger packet.

Abstract: A method and system of communicating state information between devices of a communications network is provided. A gateway of a packet network may change operating states during transmission of packets to another gateway. The gateway may indicate the state change to the receiving gateway by sending a burst of messages to the receiving gateway. If the gateway does not respond to any of these messages, the gateway may then send another message to the receiving gateway, which requires the receiving gateway to respond. Or, the gateway may send individual messages to the receiving gateway for a desired amount of time and, if the receiving gateway does not respond to any of these, then the gateway may again send the must respond message to the receiving gateway.

Abstract: A scalable method for efficient dynamic allocation of buffer resources in a store-and-forward device, such that high utilization can be maintained with small average buffer occupancy by providing asymmetric congestion control with opportune random detection. Also provided is tolerance of transient onset of congestion and fairness toward bursty traffic with ready reaction to declines in congestion.

Abstract: A packet switching system and method are disclosed. The system includes a plurality of input and output ports and an input buffer at each of the input ports. The system further includes an input scheduler associated with each of the input buffers and a centralized memory shared by the output ports. An output buffer is located at each of the output ports and an output scheduler is associated with each of the output ports. Each of the input buffers comprises a plurality of virtual output queues configured to store a plurality of packets in a packed arrangement.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for opportunistic request-grant switching. If an ingress has no granted payload segment to send, and a flow exists which requires a request to be sent, an opportunistic payload segment is sent including a request and a payload segment related to the request. If an opportunistic payload segment is sent and the payload is dropped, the request is kept and is then treated as a regular request-grant request. The ingress port consequently only has to transmit the payload a maximum of twice. Ingress ports can thus opportunistically exploit the low latency available when egress ports are not contended for, and yet fall back on the strong fairness and quality of service (QoS) assurances of request-grant semantics. Buffering in the switch core can optionally be implemented to extend performance gains, but fairness and QoS are not dependent on this buffering.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide a method and system for a communication bus for resetting one or more devices connected to the bus. The transceiver bus (620) may include a single serial data line (616), a single serial clock line (614) and a single reset line (612). A status of a slave device coupled to the transceiver bus (620) may be determined by a master device. Based on the status of the slave device, the master device may execute a forced reset or a normal reset. In a case where a device may be unresponsive, the master device may execute a forced reset. Additionally, in a case where a device is responsive but requires resetting, the master device may execute a normal reset and selectively reset a slave device requiring reset.

Abstract: An ad-hoc network wireless communication system transmits data packets from one hop to another hop in a relay manner, and includes a transmitting node for transmitting a RTS message in order to transmit the data packets, and a receiving node, existing in a next hop of the transmitting node, for transmitting a CTS message in response to the RTS message transmitted from the transmitting node. The receiving node transmits the CTS message to another receiving node successively connected to the receiving node in response to the transmitted CTS message, and the transmitting node transmits the data packets to the receiving node in the case that the CTS message transmitted by the receiving node of the next hop is received over a predetermined number of times. The ad-hoc network wireless communication system can maximize the communication efficiency in a multi-hop network with its complexity minimized by extending a MAC protocol based on a IEEE 802.11 DCF to a reservation-based MAC in the multi-hop network.

Abstract: A CardBus PC Card type wireless transmitting/receiving device performs a wireless data transmission/reception operation between a plurality of notebook PCs and an MB-OFDM (Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) UWB (Ultra Wide Band) type piconet coordinator. The device includes a wireless 1394 device, built in the notebook PC in the form of a CardBus PC Card, for converting a CardBus PC Card access signal of the notebook PC into an MB-OFDM UWB signal to transmit the converted MB-OFDM UWB signal, and inversely converting a received MB-OFDM UWB signal into a CardBus PC Card access signal of the notebook PC. The device can easily be built in a notebook PC, has a simple structure with a low cost, has a very high wireless transmission speed of 55 to 480 Mbps in comparison to the existing IEEE 802.11b type wireless 1394 bridge device in the form of an external IEEE 1394 adapter, and guarantees the QoS (Quality of Service) using the IEEE802.15.3 type MAC to provide a high-quality service to users.

Abstract: A method and system for synchronizing the rendering of content at various rendering devices. Each rendering device has a device time and a rendering time. The synchronization system designates one of the rendering devices as a master rendering device and designates all other rendering devices as slave rendering devices. Each slave rendering device adjusts the rendering of its content to keep it in synchronization with the rendering of the content at the master rendering device. The master rendering device sends a message with its rendering time and corresponding device time to the slave rendering devices. Each slave rendering device, upon receiving the message from the master rendering device, determines whether it is synchronized with the master rendering time. If not, the slave rendering device adjusts the rendering of its content to compensate for the difference between the master rendering time and the slave rendering time.

Abstract: A digital information mapper and method for mapping sequences of information characters into a SONET (synchronous optical network) payload in such a manner that there can be an arbitrary mixture of control and/or data values in those sequences. Each information character comprises 9 bits consisting of an 8 bit information byte, being either a control byte or a data byte, and one octet type bit identifying the byte as control or data. A processor applies a mapping algorithm of a mapping module to the input information characters. The mapping algorithm is applied to sequences of eight input information characters, the algorithm being operable to map the information bytes of each sequence of eight information characters to eight of a sequence of nine contiguous SPE octets. The algorithm then maps the octet type bits for the eight mapped information bytes of the character sequence to the ninth octet of the contiguous SPE octets of the SPE octet sequence.

Abstract: A method of transmitting path overhead data between an ingress section and an egress section of a network element is described. A portion of the path overhead data is inserted into one or more predetermined bytes of the transport overhead of the data frame before transmission to the egress section. Consequently, the egress section does not require a pointer processor to retrieve the desired path overhead data. Elimination of the pointer processor results in reduced complexity and cost for the network element. The method can be applied to tandem connection monitoring (TCM) and other processes in which path overhead data are transferred.

Abstract: A non-linearly frequency-converted Q-switched laser is “injection seeded” with short pulses from another laser, called a seed laser. Radiation produced by the Q-switched laser is frequency converted in a non-linear process. The injection seeding can enhance peak power and frequency conversion efficiency while reducing damage to a non-linear medium used to frequency convert radiation generated by the Q-switched laser.

Abstract: The invention provides a compact laser light source whose wavelength can be designed freely in a wavelength band in which the semiconductor laser has not been put to practical use by combining an efficient nonlinear optical crystal and high-power semiconductor lasers for optical communication. In one embodiment, the laser light source includes: a first laser for generating a laser beam of a wavelength ?1; a second laser for generating a laser beam of a wavelength ?2; and a nonlinear optical crystal that allows the laser beam of wavelength ?1 and the laser beam of wavelength ?2 as inputs and outputs a coherent beam having a wavelength ?3 of a sum frequency that satisfies a relationship of 1/?1+1/?2=1/?3. The wavelength ?3 of the sum frequency is 589.3±2 nm that is equivalent to the sodium D line.

Abstract: An ultra-low heat laser that does not rely on florescence cooling. Generally, the inventive laser includes a pump source operable at a pump frequency and a gain medium disposed to receive energy from the source and lase at a frequency close to the pump frequency. In the illustrative embodiment, the laser is a solid state laser having a gain medium which is resonantly pumped to lase at a frequency within 5% of the pump frequency. However, in the best mode and in accordance with the present teachings, the gain medium lases at a frequency within 1% of the pump frequency. In the illustrative embodiment, the laser gain medium ion has a rich Stark energy level structure and the laser active gain medium has oscillator strengths at transitions wavelengths that allow an ultra-low quantum defect operation. The pump source has a wavelength output centered to correspond to a predetermined pump band and an emission band subtended by an absorption bandwidth thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated circuit for controlling a laser diode, comprising a signal input for receiving a data signal; a signal output for connection to the laser diode; a modulator for modulation of the data signal; a current infeed connected to the signal output for the supply of a bias current; a coupling capacitor between the output of the modulator and the signal output in order to form a high pass with the differential resistor of the laser diode. Preferably, the circuit also comprises an active compensation circuit with a low pass connected to the output of the modulator; and a circuit which is connected to the low pass for producing a signal which is inversely proportional to the low pass output voltage and which is added to the output signal or subtracted from the output signal. The low pass can be controlled by a circuit guiding the data signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes: an active layer formed on a substrate and including an AlGaAs layer; and an upper spacer layer formed at least one of above and below the active layer and including AlaGabIn1-a-bP (where 0?a?1, 0?b?1, and 0?a+b?1). The upper spacer layer has a composition enough to serve as a barrier layer against electrons injected into the active layer.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser with a mode-selective mirror. A filter is formed on the top DBR stack of a VCSEL. The filter includes semiconductor layers that are etch stops for immediately superior layers. The filter is selectively etched to create a first region that is phase matched to the top DBR stack and a second region that is phase mismatched to the top DBR stack. The second region inhibits undesired modes and provides additional absorption for the undesired modes. The first region is formed using a wet-etch process whose etch depth is controlled because the semiconductor layers are etch stops for immediately superior layers.

Abstract: In a vertical cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser device, first and second resonance wavelengths which are different are provided while a first resonator and a second resonator are coupled optically, and a gain of an active layer at the first resonance wavelength on the side of short wavelength is higher than that at the second resonance wavelength on the side of long wavelength. An absorption coefficient of an optical absorption layer when no electric field is applied is small for the first and second resonance wavelengths, and when an electric field is applied, an absorption coefficient of the optical absorption layer for the first resonance wavelength on the side of short wavelength is larger than that for the second resonance wavelength on the side of long wavelength.

Abstract: An electrically pumped semiconductor laser is provided as including a waveguide structure disposed on the substrate. An optical coupling layer is disposed on the substrate and the waveguide. A resonator layer is disposed on the optical coupling layer and may be adapted to include a photonic crystal lattice having a plurality of substantially cylindrical pores extending downwardly into the resonator layer. An insulating cap layer may be disposed on the resonator layer which operatives to seal the photonic crystal lattice. A first plug filled vias is formed on a central region of the cap layer, which extends downwardly to permit a bottom portion of the first plug to communicate with the photonic crystal lattice. Further, a second plug filled vias is formed on an edge region of the cap layer and extends downwardly to permit a bottom portion of the second plug to communicate with the photonic crystal lattice.

Abstract: A system incorporates time-hopped impulse radio (TH-IR) and transmitted-reference impulse radio (TR-IR) transceivers in the same wireless network. A transmitter modulates a sequence of bits in a wireless communications network by generating a reference waveform and a data waveform of a waveform pair for each current bit. The phase of the reference waveform depends on a previous modulated bit, and a difference in phase between the reference waveform and the data waveform pair depend on the current bit. A symbol period for the current bit is partitioned into multiple time intervals, and the reference waveform and the data waveform are encoded in a selected one of the time intervals that depends on the current bit.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for canceling interference present in a local channel signal received at a receiver. The system includes a controller and a finger demodulator assembly. The controller is capable of selecting at least one interfering pilot channel signal that has a signal strength above a threshold, where the selected interfering pilot channel signals comprises an interfering set of pilot channel signals. The finger demodulator assembly can then be capable of producing a corrected local channel signal based upon the interfering set of pilot channel signals during the idle state and/or access state.

Abstract: A communication system transmits and receives a plurality of spread-spectrum signals having differences in at least one diversity parameter. The signals are highly correlated when their diversity parameters are similar, and the signals are uncorrelated when at least one diversity parameter is different. Any combination of a transmitter, a receiver, and a communication channel may diversity-encode the signals to effect differences in their diversity parameters. A receiver diversity-decoder compensates for differences in a diversity-parameter of at least one received signal to make the signal highly correlated with at least one other received signal. A correlator combines at least two of the received signals to recover an embedded information signal. The communication system enables the use of true-noise signals for spreading information signals, provides simplified receiver designs, and enables antenna arrays to spatially process spread-spectrum signals.

Abstract: Data is transferred in a wireless communication system, such as a wireless spread spectrum communication system. A plurality of transmitting antennas are provided. Data is encoded to produce a plurality of data streams for each of the plurality of codes. The plurality of data streams are spread with the plurality of spreading codes, and for each transmitting antenna, one of the spread data streams of each code together is combined to produce a spread data vector. Each transmitting antenna transmits its spread data vector. The transmitted spread data vectors are received by each of a plurality of receiving antennas as a received version, and the data is recovered using the received versions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for exchanging digital data between several sources and at least one hub in a CDMA system, characterized in that it comprises a number n of digital transmission/reception circuits (1) installed in parallel, each circuit (1) comprising a transmitter (2i) comprising means of generating an integer number Nc of codes that will be used for spectral spreading of data to be transmitted and a receiver (4i) comprising means (46, 48) of detecting the access of new sources to the CDMA system transmission channel and means (49) of generating synchronization signals and power control signals corresponding to each detected new source.

Abstract: A method transcodes a compressed multi-layer video bitstream that includes a base layer bitstream and an enhancement layer bitstream. The base and enhancement layers are first partially decoded, and then the partially decoded signals are combined with a motion compensated signal yielding a combined signal. The combined signal is quantized into an output signal according to a quantization parameter, and the output signal is variable length encoded as a single layer bitstream. In a preprocessing step, the enhancement layer can be truncated according to rate control constraint, and the same constraints can also be used during the quantization.

Abstract: Video data encoded according to new compression standards may be processed by an existing client terminal using an adaptive module that transcodes the video data into a format compatible with the processing capabilities of the client terminal. Further, the adaptive module may compress video files stored in the client terminal according to a new or advanced compression standard, in order to expand the storage capacity of the hard drive of the client terminal. Further still, the adaptive module may support high-resolution graphic video streams (e.g., for interactive games) by including a graphics engine and encoder to render the video streams compatible for processing by the client terminal. Thus, broadband content providers are spared the expense of upgrading the decoder and/or hard drive of their subscribers' terminals, if not the entire client altogether, in view of evolving compression standards.

Abstract: A scalable video transcoder with limited drifting error is disclosed. The transcoder accumulates re-quantization errors of I-frames or P-frames. The accumulated errors are only selectively introduced into the transcoding loop in every block to compensate for transcoding errors. A threshold algorithm adaptively utilizes the accumulated errors at block level to control drifting error at an acceptable limited level. Transcoder complexity is scalable because a DCT transform may be removed from the transcoder loop when the accumulated errors are not used for compensation. The re-quantization process can be simply implemented by look-up table(s), which significantly reduces the complexity of the re-quantization process.

Abstract: A motion estimation apparatus and method capable of reducing the amount of computation required for motion estimation in the compression of moving images are provided, including a first part for decimating a reference macroblock at a decimation ratio of 4:1, decimating a search window of a predetermined size at a decimation ratio of 4:1, and estimating a first motion vector responsive to the 4:1 decimated macroblock and window, a second part responsive to the first part for decimating the reference macroblock and decimating the search window each at a decimation ratio of 2:1, and estimating at least one second motion vector responsive to the 2:1 decimated macroblock and window, and a third part responsive to the second part for performing a full search motion estimation on a block within horizontal and vertical ranges of ?N11 to +N12 of the estimated first motion vector, estimating a third motion vector if one second motion vector was estimated, or performing full search motion estimation on a block within ho

Abstract: A left-eye image signal and a right-eye image signal are supplied to a pixel structure converter of a stereoscopic image pre-processor, and multiplexed, so to form one image, an interlace image is formed by a frame/field converter, encoded in an MPEG format by an MPEG encoding unit, stored into a storage and transmitted outward by a transmitting/recording unit. The encoded stereoscopic image signal received from the outward and reproduced from the storage is decoded by am MPEG decoding unit after going through a receiving/reproducing unit, the interlace image is reproduced, returned to the frame image by a field/frame converter of a stereoscopic image post-processor, and reproduced as the left-eye image signal and the right-eye image signal and output by the pixel structure converter.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a method of decoding an encoded video signal that includes a plurality of successive encoded images. The method initially receives an encoded image of the video signal. It then decodes the encoded image. The method next examines the decoded image to determine whether the decoded image satisfies at least one criterion for performing a post-filter operation on the decoded image. Only if the decoded image satisfies the criterion, the method performs the post-filter operation on the decoded image. The criterion in some embodiments is whether the amount of time for applying the post-filter operation exceeds the remaining amount of time that the method has to process the received image. Some embodiments of the invention provide a method of post-filtering a current image that was decoded from an encoded video signal, which includes a plurality of successive encoded images. The current image has several sub-sections. The method selects a sub-section of the current image.

Abstract: A digital wireless communications device enabling call distance to be increased while avoiding mute processing as far as possible, even if code error occurs in an ADPCM code. The digital wireless communications device may be configured to include: an error detector for detecting code error in an ADPCM code received via a wireless circuit; an ADPCM decoder for generating a PCM signal by decoding the ADPCM code; and a substitution unit for determining that a click noise is generated if the high-speed scale factor and the low-speed scale factor determined by the ADPCM decoder within a predetermined time period after the error detector has judged that there is a code error in the ADPCM code, and the received ADPCM code itself, respectively exceed prescribed threshold values, and for substituting the ADPCM code with a predetermined prescribed code.