Abstract: A high integrity protection system (HIPS) for the protection of a piping system downstream of a wellhead has an inlet connected to the wellhead and an outlet connected to the downstream piping system and includes: two sets of series-connected surface safety valves (SSVs) in fluid communication with the inlet, the two sets being in parallel fluid flow relation to each other, each set of SSVs consisting of two SSVs in series, either one or both of the two sets of SSVs operable as a flowpath for fluids entering the inlet and passing through the HIPS outlet to the piping system; two vent control valves (VCVs), each of which is connected to piping intermediate each of the two series-connected SSVs, each of the VCVs being in fluid flow relation to each other, each set of SSVs consisting of SSVs in series, either one or both of the two sets of SSVs operable as a flowpath for fluids entering the inlet and passing through the HIPS outlet to the piping system; two vent control valves (VCVs), each of which is connected

Abstract: A method of test includes the steps of preparing a sensing platform having an emitting electrode mounted at on one side thereof and a receiving electrode mounted on the other side thereof, wherein the sensing platform defines a sensing zone located between the emitting and receiving electrodes; placing a specimen on the sensing zone; emitting a surface acoustic wave from the emitting electrode, wherein the surface acoustic wave passes through the sensing zone and the specimen and then is received by the receiving electrode to be changed for its speed and phase by the change of material property of the specimen; and identifying the material property of the specimen according to the changed speed and phase of the surface acoustic wave to further infer the physical property of the specimen. In light of the steps, the surface acoustic wave can be employed for detection of the physical property of the specimen.

Abstract: A method of determining whether a liquid amount and/or quality of a liquid reagent held in a reagent holding portion are/is normal or not in a microchip that includes the steps of measuring each liquid reagent held in the reagent holding portion with a first measuring portion, mixing, at least, two or more types of measured liquid reagents in a first mixing portion, and evaluating the liquid amount and/or quality of obtained liquid mixture and determining, based on the evaluation, whether or not the liquid amount and/or quality of the liquid reagents are/is normal, as well as a liquid-reagent-containing microchip are provided. A method of easily determining whether a liquid amount and/or quality of liquid reagents in a microchip are/is normal or not and a microchip in which the method can be performed are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for performing off-line multi-dimensional separation and analysis of a heterogeneous biomolecular sample. The method includes separating the heterogeneous biomolecular sample into a plurality of fractions using an, at least partially, capillary isotachophoresis mechanism. The plurality of fractions are then transferred to a liquid chromatography apparatus where they are each separated into a plurality of sub-fractions. The sub-fractions are then analyzed to determine their constituent molecules.

Abstract: A method to dynamically determine a parametric value for combustion chamber deposits (CCD), e.g. in a controlled auto-ignition engine, including in-situ evaluation of thickness of CCD, based on a sensor which monitors combustion in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine. It includes a temperature sensor operative to monitor the combustion chamber, and a CCD parameter that is based upon a peak combustion temperature measured at a crank angle. A CCD parameter can also be determined utilizing an in-cylinder pressure monitor, wherein a combustion chamber deposit parameter is based upon crank angle location of a peak in-cylinder pressure parameter.

Abstract: A method of determining the fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine 12, more particularly when operated on a test rig, wherein fuel is supplied in a circuit to the internal combustion engine and discharged therefrom and wherein a quantity of fuel is supplied to the circuit 11 via a branch line 22 from a fuel tank 23 and measured in the branch line, wherein temperature-related changes in the volume of the fuel are determined in the circuit 11 and wherein the consumed quantity {dot over (m)}S determined in the branch line 22 is corrected by a corrective quantity {dot over (m)}K corresponding to the temperature-related changes in volume in the circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining the consumption of oil from an oil separation system (2) in the blow by gas recycling circuit of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for verifying the functionality of the components for a diesel particulate filter system based upon engine speed, engine torque, inlet and outlet exhaust pressure at the diesel particulate filter. Various sensor signals are compared to calibratable values in memory for a determination whether the diesel particulate filter system is functional.

Abstract: A method for determining as a function of time the angle of rotation of a crankshaft by estimating the position of missing teeth on a target wheel is disclosed which has application to engine control. A sensor acquires, as a function of time, a periodic signal comprising a pulsating waveform, each pulse indicating the passage of a tooth past this sensor.

Abstract: According to the method, the risk is estimated as a function of a maximum grip potential ?max of the tire, a utilization percentage Pu representative of the fraction of the maximum grip potential of the tire that is being used, and a magnitude Ps associated with a risk of the tire hydroplaning, in particular a loss of tire area.

Abstract: A pressure gauge assembly for a bicycle tire includes a gauge portion having an indicator, a shaft, and a lower portion. The shaft includes a recess and a channel portion which is in communication with the recess and the gauge portion. A button is mounted in the recess. The lower portion defines a compartment in communication with the channel portion. Two bushings, respectively engage two ends of the compartment, and a drive member mounted with an O-ring is included in the compartment. Two holes, respectively, defined on two ends of the drive member are not in communication with each other. A protruding end is defined on an end and a insert end included in another end of the drive member The drive member is moveable in the compartment.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods to monitor contamination levels in a formation fluid arc disclosed. An example method involves obtaining first property data indicative of a first fluid property of a formation fluid and second property data indicative of a second fluid property of the formation fluid. A correlation between the first and second property data is generated and third data is fitted to the correlation. A fitting parameter is determined based on the third data indicative of an amount of change of the first property data relative to an amount of change of the second property data.

Abstract: Method comprising providing a signal tube extending generally from an engine component disposed on a hot side of a firewall in a gas turbine engine to at least one engine control mechanism disposed on a cool side of the firewall. A fuse in the signal tube is operable responsive to a breach in the signal tube to change from a first condition to a second condition to prevent an over-temperature situation on the cool side of the firewall. The engine control mechanism operates the engine according to a first operating logic utilizing a pressure signal related to a static pressure of a fluid in the signal tube. Loss of the pressure signal causes the engine control mechanism to change to a second operating logic which does not utilize the pressure signal.

Abstract: A field device detects the presence of fluid in the terminal block area of the field device by generating an alternating current (AC) test current signal and measuring the amplitude of the resulting AC voltage signal. The field device includes a first terminal and a second terminal adapted for connection to a control room through a twisted-wire pair current loop. Impedance of the current loop is increased by the presence of fluid between the first terminal and the second terminal. By providing an AC test current signal to the control loop and measuring a resulting AC voltage magnitude, the impedance of the control loop can be determined. Increased impedance in the control loop indicates the presence of water in the terminal block.

Abstract: A method of measuring a level of liquid cryogen, comprising the steps of immersing a liquid cryogen level probe in a liquid cryogen, applying a propagation current to the heater (26) to induce quench in at least an adjacent part of the superconductive material (22); removing the propagation current from the heater; applying a measurement current to the superconductive material; and measuring (30) a voltage across the superconductive material thereby to determine the level of the liquid cryogen. In articular, the method comprises the steps of monitoring (40) the voltage across the superconductive material while the propagation current is being applied; and ceasing application of the propagation current in response to the detection of a voltage across the superconductive material which exceeds a certain threshold level.

Abstract: A container includes a chamber for containing fluid. At least one sensor is disposed within the chamber for sensing a property of fluid in the container. A unit that receives a signal from the sensor communicates with a device that displays the property of the fluid in the container. The container may include first and second chambers. A first sensor is disposed within the first chamber. The first sensor is in contact with fluid in the first chamber. The first sensor senses a volume of fluid in the first chamber. A second sensor is disposed within the second chamber. The second sensor is in contact with fluid in the second chamber. The second sensor senses a volume of fluid in the second chamber. A diverter may direct fluid from an inlet to a bottom portion of the chamber and prevents the fluid from contacting the sensor. A releasable device may prevent fluid from flowing from the first chamber to the second chamber.

Abstract: A density and viscosity sensor 1 for measuring density and viscosity of fluid F, the sensor 1 comprising a resonating element 3, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D arranged to be immersed in the fluid F, an actuating/detecting element 4A, 4B coupled to the resonating element, and a connector 7 for coupling to the actuating/detecting element 4A, 4B. The sensor 1 further comprises a housing 2 defining a chamber 8A isolated from the fluid F, the housing 2 comprising an area of reduced thickness defining a membrane 9 separating the chamber 8A from the fluid F. The actuating/detecting element 4A, 4B is positioned within the chamber so as to be isolated from the fluid F and mechanically coupled to the membrane 9. The resonating element 3, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D arranged to be immersed in the fluid F is mechanically coupled to the membrane 9. The membrane 9 has a thickness enabling transfer of mechanical vibration between the actuating/detecting element 4A, 4B and the resonating element 3, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D.

Abstract: A method of determining an out-of-balance condition of an electronically controlled motor. The method includes: determining a plurality of parameters based on measurements taken from the electronically controlled motor, and calculating a composite score by combining said plurality of parameters into a mathematical transfer function. The mathematical transfer function includes a non-zero weighting factor for each of the plurality of parameters.

Abstract: A sensor system includes a sensor device (10) and an integrated circuit (20) for driving the device (10). The device (10) includes a sensor body (1) of a silicon-based material, an upper sealing member (2) of a silicon-based material and a lower sealing member (3) of a silicon-based material. The upper sealing member (2) and the lower sealing member (3) are joined together to cooperatively house the body (1) therewithin in an airtight manner. The device (10) and the circuit (20) are formed as a stacked body. The body (1) is electrically connected to a wiring pattern (12) of the circuit (20) through a conductive through-path (4) penetrating the upper sealing member (4) and a mounting electrode (5) provided on an outer surface of the upper sealing member (2). The device (10) is connected to an MID substrate (30) through the circuit (20).

Abstract: An NDI system includes an ultrasonic transducer and an electronic device having an indicator, such as a light source. The electronic device energizes the transducer, receives sinusoidal signals from the transducer, determines impedance-plane coordinates corresponding to quadrature-phase separated components of the sinusoidal signals, and automatically activates the indicator if impedance-plane coordinates exceed a preset threshold. The system may be used in methods of inspecting layered structures such as composite aircraft components and repair patches applied to such structures.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to avoid the instability of frequency measurement caused by spatial connection between quartz sensor adjacent to each other when a plurality of quartz sensors including a quartz resonator which varies the national frequency due to adsorption of an object to be detected.

Abstract: A Monolithic Antenna Excited Acoustic Transduction (MAEAT) device is fabricated by photolithographically depositing a metallic antenna on one side of a piezoelectric crystal substrate.

Abstract: To provide a Colpitts oscillation circuit formed with a quartz resonator and a transistor amplifier circuit, which can secure sufficient negative resistance, obtain stable oscillation, negate the need for an amplitude control circuit, and realize stabilization against temperature variations. In order to solve the problem, a structure in which the impedance of a tuning circuit provided in a collector of the transistor exhibits inductivity at the oscillation frequency is provided. The impedance ratio at the oscillation frequency of a capacitor C2 connected between a base and an emitter to a capacitor C3 connected between the emitter and a ground, of the transistor is set at 3 to 1 or more. Furthermore, the impedance of capacity C2 connected between the base and the emitter at the oscillation frequency is set at 300 ? or more. A bias resistance R1 connected between the collector and the base of the transistor is set at 3 k? or less.

Abstract: An acoustic wave sensor array device is provided for the detection, identification, and quantification of chemicals and biological elements dispersed in fluids. The sensor array device is capable of the simultaneous characterization of a fluid for multiple analytes of interest. A substrate has a plurality of channels formed therein and a sensor material layer applied in a bottom of the channels. The sensor material layer has a shear acoustic wave speed lower than a shear acoustic wave speed in said substrate. The channels may have the same material in each channel or different materials in at least two of the channels. A surface acoustic wave transducer and at least one surface acoustic wave reflector, or at least two transducers is formed on a surface of the substrate opposite the channels at a portion of the substrate that is thinned by the channels, so that the acoustic tracks of the surface acoustic wave device extend along the channels.

Abstract: Flowmeters are described in which a sensor signal received from a sensor that is attached to vibratable flowtube, so as to determine properties of a fluid within the flowtube, contains a drive signal component and a coriolis mode component. The flowmeters are operable to determine drive parameters of the drive signal component, as well as coriolis parameters of the coriolis mode component. By analyzing the sensor signal based on the drive signal parameters, and not on the coriolis signal parameters, the flowmeters are able to provide stable and accurate determinations of the properties of the fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates particularly to a sealing device (8) for sealing a pressure measuring cell housing (3), wherein the sealing device (8) comprises a pressure compensation opening (23; 23?) for a pressure compensation line (21; 21?; 21?, 20) of a pressure measuring cell (4) received in the pressure measuring cell housing (3), wherein the sealing device (8) is made of a dimensionally stable hard part (18; 18*; 18?) having at least one elastic soft part (19; 19°; 19*; 19?), which is disposed in the region of the pressure compensation opening (23; 23?) on the hard part (18; 18*; 18?).

Abstract: A seat apparatus for a vehicle has a load detecting device arranged between a floor-side fixing member adapted to be fixed to a floor of the vehicle and a seat-side fixing member adapted to be fixed to a seat for the vehicle and for measuring a load of an occupant seated on the seat. The load detecting device includes: a strain member; a connecting member vertically fixed to an intermediate portion of the strain member; strain gauges attached to a surface of the strain member; an upper bracket having a first and second fixed portions both fixed to the other surface of the strain member. The upper bracket further has an attachment portion connecting the first and second fixed portions and extending in a lateral direction of the seat; and an amplifier unit attached to a surface of the attachment portion of the upper bracket corresponding to the strain member so as to be coplanar with the strain member.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the condition of a rolling burnishing element includes moving a burnishing element having an unknown condition against a surface in a preselected test pattern; while moving the burnishing element, recording at least one test force profile representative of a force acting on the burnishing element in at least one dimension; and comparing the at least one test force profile to at least one baseline force profile to determine a deviation of the condition of the second burnishing element from a baseline condition.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a vortex flow meter with less measurement errors caused by a temperature change, a pressure change, and a mechanical vibration, and capable of performing a precise measurement regardless of conditions, in addition, to provide a vortex flow meter capable of sufficiently preventing corrosive chemicals that is a fluid to be measured from leaking from a measurement pipe line due to corrosion. A vortex generator that generates the Karman vortex and a measurement pipe line in which a holder body housing a detecting element that detects an alternating force of the Karman vortex is disposed are made of a material having a small coefficient of linear thermal expansion such as a quartz glass, and the vortex generator and the holder body are fixed to the measurement pipe line by welding in an integrating manner.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for generating dealiased Doppler signals in a spectral Doppler system. The method comprises the steps of: filtering each of two quadrature components of obtained quadrature Doppler signals by using at least four filters in at least four parallel branches respectively so as to output eight signals, wherein the at least four filters for each quadrature component are equally divided into two groups, and outputs of each group of the filters are to be used for Doppler signals processing in one of forward and reverse directions, and coefficients of the different filters in each group can be interleaved with each other to form coefficients of a desired filter; interleaving and accumulating the output eight dealiased signals, according to direction and quadrature component of the output Doppler signals, to obtain forward and reverse dealiased Doppler signals F (t) and R (t).

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow meter system includes transducers arranged with respect to a conduit to define at least one chordal path through fluid flowing in the conduit, and at least one transmitting transducer and receiving transducer pair on the chordal path for generating a transit time signal. At least one receiving transducer is positioned to receive scattered energy to generate a range gated Doppler signal. The system further includes a processing subsystem for exciting the at least one transmitting transducer. The processing subsystem is responsive to the transit time signal and the range gated Doppler signal and configured to generate a velocity profile and a mean velocity of the fluid in the conduit.

Abstract: In a method for determining mass-flow with the aid of a Coriolis mass-flow meter in which mass-flow ({dot over (m)}) is won from the phase difference of two sensor signals X17, X18, three measuring channels K1, K2, K3 are provided for the two sensor signals X17, X18. By selective switching of the sensor signals X17, X18 onto the measuring channels K1, K2, K3, phase error caused by the different signal paths can be determined and taken into consideration when calculating mass-flow ({dot over (m)}).

Abstract: In order that a flow tube (3) of a Coriolis flowmeter (1) may be vibrated in the tertiary mode using one drive device (4), the drive device (4) is arranged at the antinode (H2) in the center of tertiary mode vibration, and vibration detecting sensors (5, 5) are arranged at two antinodes (H1, H3) other than the antinode (H2) in the center of tertiary mode vibration. Furthermore, the displacement polarity of the drive device (4) is opposite to those of the vibration detecting sensors (5, 5) so that the vibration phases of the flow tube (3) are in a relation of mutually opposite phases.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for fixing an attachment part on the measurement tube of a Coriolis mass flowmeter at at least two connection points. According to the disclosure, the measurement tube and the attachment part are soldered to one another in a single hard-soldering process at the same time at the at least two connection points.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench includes a wrench body and a torsion meter. The wrench body includes a head portion, and a neck portion connected to the head portion. The torsion meter includes a strain sensor provided on the neck portion, and a processing unit connected electrically to the strain sensor and disposed in the wrench body. A conductive shield surrounds at least the strain sensor, and is connected electrically to the torsion meter for providing protection against electromagnetic interference.

Abstract: A force sensor chip including a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of strain resistance elements and temperature-compensating resistance elements corresponding to the resistance elements is disclosed. The structure in the periphery of parts where the strain resistance elements, which are provided to deforming parts in the action part formed on the semiconductor substrate, are disposed is the same as the structure in the periphery of parts where the temperature-compensating resistance elements in the action part are disposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for detecting a force on an injection moulding machine for processing plastic materials. According to said invention, a first element (100) interacting with a mechanical drive and movable at least indirectly thereby in a direction of movement (x) is displaced during said displacement with respect to a second element (200) positioned near the first element (100) or oppositely thereto. A force measuring device (D) is used for determining the force applied on the first (100) and/or second (200) element by the actuation of the injection moulding machine produced by the relative displacement thereof between the first (100) and second (200) elements.

Abstract: A transport system is provided for a sample testing machine. The transport system includes a carrier holding a set of test sample devices and a drive subsystem for moving the carrier through the sample testing machine. The drive subsystem includes a reciprocating motor-driven block engaging the carrier and moving the carrier back and forth in a predetermined longitudinal path extending along a longitudinal axis from an entrance station to a plurality of processing stations in the sample testing machine. The processing stations are accessed as the carrier is moved along the path. The carrier includes features in the form of slots or voids that are detected by strategically placed optical interrupt sensors. As the carrier moves, the slots are detected by the sensors to thereby continuously track the position of the carrier and the test devices as they are moved through the instrument.

Abstract: A liquid sampler which provides a receptacle and a releasably sealable receptacle cover having at least two apertures each of which can be configured to adjust the flow rate of an amount of liquid into the liquid sampler upon submersion into a liquid.

Abstract: A dilution device includes an inlet port and an outlet port. The dilution device also includes a first porous conduit defining an internal flow passage. The first porous conduit has a plurality of pores that communicate between an outside region external of the first porous conduit and the internal flow passage. The dilution device also includes a second porous conduit disposed around the first porous conduit. The second porous conduit defines a first chamber peripherally about the first porous conduit. The second porous conduit has a plurality of pores that communicate between an outside region external of the second pours conduit and the first chamber. The dilution device further includes a housing disposed around the second porous conduit. The housing defines a second chamber peripherally about the second porous conduit. The housing has an inlet port in communication with the second chamber.

Abstract: A self-contained sampling probe characterized by a drive module and a syringe module removably coupled coaxially to the drive module to allow for different syringe modules to be interchangeably coupled to the drive module. The coupling is effected by quick connect and disconnect devices, and the syringe module may carry an identifier. The probe is engageable by a gripper or insertable in an interface device, both of which provide for communication of the probe with other system components.

Abstract: A sample dispensing apparatus dispenses a sample from a container accommodating a sample such as blood or urea sampled for checking. This sample dispensing apparatus can prevent internal contamination of the apparatus due to dripping of the sample and abnormal sucking operations caused by drainage, condensation and fixing of the sample. The sample dispensing apparatus according to the present invention comprises a dispensing device for dispensing a sucked sample, a dispensing head provided in the dispensing device, and a disposable nozzle chip dismountably set on the dispensing head. In this apparatus, dispensing of a sample to child sample containers is performed exchanging the child sample containers with new ones. When the state, in which dispensing to the child container cannot be carried out, is continued for a prespecified period of time, the nozzle chip is automatically released from the dispensing head.

Abstract: This invention concerns an automatic sampler (AS) associable with two or more chromatographic analysis instruments (GC1, GC2, GCn), such as gas chromatographs for example, which can be interfaced with two or more separate data systems (DS1, DS2, DSn), each operating in an independent manner.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for analyzing the aging of materials exposed to sunlight, the apparatus comprising a closed cabinet that houses a light source projecting light in a light emission axis, a tray, perpendicular to the axis, carrying samples of material to be tested, and a mechanism to move the tray towards to and away from the light source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a network system for monitoring valves in a facility, which comprises: (a) a plurality of valve monitoring devices—VMDs, each monitoring device is affixed to a valve, and comprises: (a.1) a sensor for sensing the status of the valve; (a.2) short range wireless communication unit for transmitting the status as sensed by said sensor, and for transmitting the status as sensed, together with an identification of said device, to one or more Valve Device Readers—VDRs located within said short range; (a.3) mechanism for affixing the device to the monitored valve in a manner which does not disturb the normal operation of the valve; and (a.4) one or more VDRs for receiving the transmission of the valve status and MD identification from said VMDs, and for forwarding the same to a server by Ethernet communication.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wafer inspection machine and method. The wafer inspection machine comprises an inspection stage having a first area for unloading an inspected wafer and loading a new wafer to be inspected, and a second area for inspecting a wafer; a plurality of wafer mounting units installed on the inspection stage to face each other; a rotating plate on which a plurality of the wafer mounting units are installed, making a rotation such that each wafer mounting unit is located on the first and second areas in turn; a robot for unloading the inspected wafer from the wafer mounting unit located on the first area and loading a new wafer to be inspected in the wafer mounting unit located on the first area; and a wafer inverting means for inverting the wafer loaded in the wafer mounting unit located on the second area.

Abstract: Deterioration of reinforced concrete pipes is checked and the deterioration progress level is classified. Based on the inspection result, a portion to be inspected in detail in an inspection area is selected. With respect to the selected portion to be inspected in detail, the pipe thickness and the diameter of reinforcing bars are measured and the location of reinforcing bars in the portion to be inspected in detail are checked. Using the data of the thickness of a pipe, the diameter of the reinforcing bar and disposition of the reinforcing bars, structural analysis is carried out and the strength of the reinforced concrete pipe is calculated. The calculation result is used as information for evaluating the deterioration state of the reinforced concrete pipe.

Abstract: A method and system collects and manipulates information from various sources for the purpose of determining the location of loads of material in a bulk material storage container and tracing the number and identity of bulk material sources, such as farms or processing plants, for loads located within a bulk material storage container. Such production source information is thus uniquely associated with a particular non-liquid bulk material load. Surface mapping of a surface of bulk material stored in a storage container is performed before and after material is added to the container, and are used to determine position of loads within the storage container. Embodiments of the present invention, using knowledge of the position of loads within the container, may be used for the purposes of preplanning and enhancing blended load-out batches.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (10) for processing and measuring workpieces, in particular plate-shaped or cylindrical workpieces, which are provided with cutting teeth (S), with a machine base (12), a processing and measuring device (14) which can be moved relative to the machine base (12), and a workpiece positioning device (16) which can be moved relative to the machine base (12), wherein the processing and measuring device (14) has a pivoting head (26) which can be moved relative to the machine base (12) such that it can pivot about a pivot axis (E1), wherein a processing tool (28) and a measuring probe (30) are provided on the pivoting head (26). In this case provision is made for the processing tool (28) to project from one side of the pivoting head (26) and for the measuring probe (30) to project from the side of the pivoting head (26) which is opposite with respect to the pivot axis (E1).

Abstract: Gyroscopic Torque Induced Unidirectional Engine is a combination of five engines with a center bi-directional torque motor controlling torque speed, direction and timing of both upper and lower pair-sets of Gyro engines attached to center motors upper and lower drive axles. By electronically manipulating the power to the bi-directional torque motor and the gyros', the force factors are controlled between the upper and lower sets. With the first phase of upper gyros operations repeated by the second phase of lower gyros inducing torques speeds and directions 180 degrees out of phase with the upper gyros. Timing is synchronized for gyros to support one another through its push-reach, pull-reach, “crawl” through space like a twisting caterpillar to obtain an overall combined total engine thrust in a single direction overcoming accelerated Gravity's weight plus POWER to create engine speed in any of the controlled directions.