Abstract: There is provided methods and apparatus (2) for collecting water from ambient air. The apparatus has at least one condensation surface which is cooled to, or below, the dew point of the ambient air. The cooling of the condensation surface is effected by utilising a gas to reduce the partial pressure of refrigerant vapour to effect evaporation of liquid refrigerant. Water in ambient air that contacts the cooled condensation surface condenses and is collected. There is also provided apparatus for effecting cooling and/or heating.

Abstract: A storage compartment comprises an enclosure defining a storage space and an air treatment system in fluid communication with the interior space. The air treatment system includes a light source and a catalyst and configured to treat air without the use of ozone.

Abstract: A refrigerating apparatus, particularly a household refrigerator, has a liquid-supply system for a user device forming part of the apparatus, particularly a dispenser of a consumable product. The apparatus further comprises a protection system arranged for preventing flooding deriving from possible leakage of liquid, in particular from at least one of said supply system and said user device.

Abstract: An appliance with a separately chilled storage area is disclosed. The appliance comprises a refrigerated compartment; a refrigeration system for cooling air; an air circulation system for circulating the cooled air about the refrigerated compartment; and a secondary air circulation system for circulating a portion of the cooled air in the storage assembly.

Abstract: A refrigerated appliance with a hinged access panel is disclosed. The refrigerated appliance comprising a frame, the panel, and one or more hinges coupling the panel to the frame. Each hinge having a linkage that guides the movement of the panel between a closed position and an open position. The movement of the linkage has a linear component and a rotational component. The refrigerated appliance may include a latch configured to retain the panel in the open position. The refrigerated appliance may include one or more biasing elements configured to bias the panel toward the open position.

Abstract: A refrigerator including an auxiliary receiving chamber is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a main body having a storage chamber, and a door which opens or closes the storage chamber and has a receiving space formed at a back side of the door. The door includes an auxiliary storage area having an opening to store goods, an auxiliary receiving chamber disposed in the auxiliary storage area to move back and forth, an auxiliary door to open or close the opening, and an opening/closing member to extract or retract the auxiliary receiving chamber.

Abstract: A storage device (1) adapted to contain a food item such a butter comprises a closeable container (3), a means for maintaining a predetermined temperature with the container irrespective of ambient temperature and an internal power source adapted to power the means for maintaining a predetermined temperature. The closeable container (3) is located on a recharging unit (43) by way of spherical feet (7) which are received in part-spherical cups (47) on the recharging unit (43).

Abstract: A cooling system for an electrical motor or generator includes a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop, and a heat exchange system. The first cooling loop may extract heat from an iron stack and winding of the electrical motor or generator. The second cooling loop may extract heat from end turns of the stator winding, the rotor, and the bearings independently from and simultaneously to the first cooling loop. At least the first cooling loop may pass through the heat exchange system. A liquid coolant may circulate in the first cooling loop and a compressed gas, such as compressed air or compressed refrigerant in vapor form, may circulate in the second cooling loop. The cooling system and method for an electrical motor or generator may be suitable for, but not limited to, applications in the aircraft and aerospace industries, such as driving a cabin air compressor of an aircraft.

Abstract: A gas condensate production plant comprises a plurality of separation units in which C2 and/or C3 lighter components are stripped from the separator feeds using compressed heated stripping vapor produced from the feed in respective downstream separation units. Contemplated plants substantially reduce heating and cooling duties by using the waste heat from the compressor discharges in the separation process. Furthermore, the multi-stage fractionation according to the inventive subject matter provides improved gas condensate recovery at reduced energy costs.

Abstract: An aircraft fire-extinguishing system provides automatic fire prevention and/or suppression simultaneously in fuel tanks, cargo compartments and, when needed, in cabin using injection of hypoxic (oxygen-depleted) air produced onboard in an air-separation device utilizing the flow and pressure of the bleed air. The same air-separation device allows supplying passengers and crew with unlimited amounts of oxygen for as long as needed. New methods of a rapid fire suppression utilizing the propulsion of water mist or fire-extinguishing foam by hypoxic air are presented. The combination of water mist or foam with hypoxic air allows to present two innovative fire-extinguishing compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a tension ring capable of mounting a diamond or other gemstone by applying sufficient pressure to the girdle of the stone. The tension ring of this invention provides enough springiness and elasticity to maintain the pressure at the girdle of the stone under normal wear conditions, such as a snag or blow to the ring. The key aspect to the disclosed tension ring is the fusion of a cast component which provides the detail and polish with a cold worked component which provides springiness and elasticity to the ring. The benefit to a tension mount is that more incident light can strike the gemstone and enhance the natural brilliance and luster beyond other types of settings.

Abstract: A jewelry arrangement is provided that is configured to fit on a finger. The arrangement can include a first jewelry portion and a second jewelry portion. The first jewelry portion may be attached to the inner surface of the second jewelry portion. The second jewelry portion may be positioned away from the user's skin. The first jewelry portion may contain at least one element which may contact a user's skin. In one exemplary embodiment, the elements are semi-cylindrical, rounded or arc-shaped. In an other exemplary embodiment, the elements are cylindrical. Another exemplary embodiment may contain a combination of different elements that together create a non-uniform surface. In yet another exemplary embodiment, there may be a ring crown attached to the second jewelry portion. This ring crown may also form part of the non-uniform surface created by the first jewelry portion.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for sealing a plurality of glass articles, comprising providing a first glass article comprising at least one first sealing surface, wherein the at least one first sealing surface comprises a glass comprising a copper compound, and optionally a silver compound, positioned within a portion of the glass of the first glass article; providing a second glass article comprising at least one second sealing surface; contacting at least a portion of the first sealing surface with at least a portion of the second sealing surface; and irradiating at least a portion of the first sealing surface in a manner that causes at least a portion of the first glass article and at least a portion of the second glass article to be sealed together. A fused device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A carriage allows accompaniment of a movable yarn guide as well as a yarn carrier, and accompanies the movable yarn guide with the yarn carrier. If there is a course where the accompaniment of the movable yarn guide is not possible, the movable yarn guide is accompanied beforehand to a position in a preceding course where the accompaniment becomes possible.

Abstract: A washing machine tub lock device (10) is provided that prevents the wash tub (12) from impacting the washing machine cabinet (16) during shipping and handling. The tub lock device (10) is formed by cutting and folding a corrugated blank into an inverted truncated hexagonal cone that can be wedged inside the top portion of the washing machine tub (12).

Abstract: A free standing detergent dispensing device removably insertable into an automatic washing machine, the device comprising a cartridge having a plurality of chambers to accommodate a detergent composition, a directing means to direct wash liquor selectively into a chamber of the cartridge to contact the detergent composition therein and a common outlet from all of the chambers to allow the detergent loaded wash liquor to exit the device, wherein the outlet only permits substantially uni-directional flow.

Abstract: Disclosed is laundry device having a steam generator (200), which prevents water from being excessively supplied to a case and steam generated from the case from adversely flowing toward a water supply valve (104), and removes overpressure due to steam generated in the case. A water oversupply prevention unit (220) for preventing the water from being excessively supplied to the case is a hollow floater, which moves vertically according to the amount of the water supplied to the case to open and close a water supply hole (211a). A backflow prevention unit (230) for preventing steam generated from the case from adversely flowing toward the water supply hole (211a) is a check valve, which allows the water to be supplied only to the inside of the case, prevents the steam generated from the case from flowing toward the water supply valve (104), and in installed between a water supply hole (211a) and the water supply valve (104).

Abstract: A security system for protecting a plurality of items of merchandise on display in a retail environment. Each of the items is connected to a sensor which is removably mounted in a display module and connected thereto by a power cord. A single alarm module located in an inaccessible location is connected to each of the display modules by another power cord. A power cord connects each of the display modules to a source of electricity for supplying electric power to the sensor through the display module and then to the displayed item for maintaining the charge on a battery of the displayed item. The alarm unit contains an internal power source for controlling the alarm circuitry. A plunger switch and LED may be contained in the sensor.

Abstract: This invention in certain example instances relates generally to coin-operated video entertainment systems. More particularly, certain exemplary aspects of the invention provide methods and/or systems for controlling access to a portable coin-operated interactive entertainment device that may be used to play video games and access other forms of entertainment as well as providing features via such portable coin-operated interactive entertainment devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for locking a cover (10) of a manhole top to the frame thereof, said device comprising at least one locking means (16?, 18?) which is provided on the cover (10) and comprises at least two interspaced, adjacent spring arms (18) that are respectively provided with an engaging section (18a?). Said sections (18a) can be engaged with a part (6) of the frame and held on the spring arms (18) in an elastic manner in such a way that they can be displaced in relation to the adjacent section of the periphery of the cover (10) at an angle smaller than a right angle. The invention is characterised in that a blocking device (40) is used to block the displacement of the engaging sections (18a) as required.

Abstract: A cylinder lock includes a shell that has an enlarged tubular section, and a constricted tubular section. A retractor case that contains a latch retractor for retracting a latch is disposed within the enlarged tubular section. An inner surface of the enlarged tubular section is provided with an interlocking unit that interlocks with the retractor case to prevent relative rotational movements of the retractor case and the shell. In an embodiment, the retractor case has at least one tongue extending radially between a pair of annularly spaced apart interlocking elements of the interlocking unit.

Abstract: The invention concerns a disengageable lock (10), in particular for motor vehicle locking system, comprising a fixed stator (14), an intermediate tubular sleeve (16) which is mounted rotatably about its axis in the stator and which is axially stationary relative to the stator, a rotor (12) which is mounted rotatably in the sleeve, which is axially stationary in the sleeve and which comprises springs (32) radially mobile under the action of a key designed to be introduced axially into the rotor, the rotor (12) and the intermediate sleeve (16) being locked in rotation relative to each other by the springs when the key is not compatible, a driving member (26) coupling the rotor and a control lever (24), called locking-interlocking lever, when the key is compatible and an indexer (28) which is axially mobile between a rest position and a disengaged position, under the effect of a rotation of the sleeve relative to the stator following the rotation of the rotor of a non-compatible key, to move axially the driving

Abstract: A key for unlocking a magnetically attractable locking mechanism retained within the interior of an anti-theft security device. The key comprises a housing which retains a dipole magnet therein. The dipole magnet is of a specifically designed cross-sectional shape configured to be complementary to a recess in the body of the security device. The shape of the magnet permits it to only enter the recess in one orientation and to bring only the appropriate one of the north or south magnetic poles into the proximity of the locking mechanism. The dipole magnet is movable in the housing between an extended position where at least a portion thereof protrudes from the housing, and a retracted position where the magnet is withdrawn entirely into the housing. The magnet is mounted on a spring-biased slide in the housing that is activated to move the magnet between the extended and retracted positions.

Abstract: A cylinder lock assembly has an exterior housing, a core casing set and a core. The exterior housing has a through hole defined longitudinally through the exterior housing and a mounting hole defined in the exterior housing and communicating with the through hole. The core casing set is mounted slidably in the exterior housing and has a core casing and a retaining pin. The core casing has a central hole and a mounting aperture. The retaining pin is mounted slidably through the mounting aperture and has an inside end. The core is mounted in the central hole in the core casing and has keyhole having a stepped recess selectively engaging with the inside end of the retaining pin. A crash of the retaining pin and the stepped recess during the engagement notifies a user that the core and the core casing are released.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lock cylinder, and in particular to a lock cylinder which can be fitted into a part of a lock assembly of a door or other openable panel. There is provided a lock cylinder (114; 214; 314; 414; 514; 614; 714) adapted for fitment into the lock housing (12), the lock cylinder comprising a key-operated locking part and an actuator (50), the lock cylinder having a predetermined profile for most of its length, and a securing part (70; 72,74; 76,78; 80,82; 170,172; 270,272; 370) projecting from the predetermined profile. The securing part is adapted to lie underneath a part of the lock assembly in use, such as a face plate of an operating handle of the lock assembly, so that the securing part prevents unauthorised removal of the lock cylinder through the face plate.

Abstract: A cylinder lock has a cylindrical sleeve 17 in which lock grooves 18 are formed on an inner circumferential surface, a cylindrical cylinder 21 on which a plurality of tumbler insertion holes 23 are formed, a plurality of tumblers 27 which are engaged with the lock grooves 18 in an advanced position and which are retracted and disengaged from the lock grooves 18 with insertion of an authorized key, a rear rotor 32 of which an at least portion is turnably placed in the cylinder 21 and in which a container portion 35 is formed in the portion placed in the cylinder 21, a connecting member 40 which is placed in the container portion 35 of the rear rotor 32 and which is movable in radial directions between a connected position in which the rear rotor 32 and the cylinder 21 are connected to each other and a non-connected position, and a connection releasing member 44 which is provided so as to be positioned on an outer circumference of the connecting member 40 and so as to be movable in radial directions relative to

Abstract: An apparatus for handling articles (4) through a multi-stage process, the apparatus comprising at least one rotatable process turret (2) having a number of pockets (3), wherein each pocket (3) is adapted to support an article (4). The pockets (3) are arranged in groups and each group of pockets (3A, 3B, 3C) has associated tooling (5A, 5B, 5C), which carries out one stage of the process. The articles (4) are initially fed into one group of pockets (3A) only. A re-phase means (6) is provided to transfer the article (4) from one group of pockets (3A, 3B) to another (3B, 3C).

Abstract: A rivet monitoring system is provided which has a micro-strain or micro fluid pressure sensor that measures strains or pressures within a tool component. These measured signals are compared to a number of tolerance bands formed about median strain or pressure versus time curve. Various techniques are provided to analyze the measured data with respect to the tolerance bands to determine if a particular rivet set is acceptable.

Abstract: A tool forms a threaded hole in a hydroformed part while the part remains in a hydroforming die cavity and under pressure. The tool has a hole-piercing end portion adapted on advancement of the tool to pierce and form a hole in the part and an extruding portion adapted on continued tool advancement to extrude an annular extrusion that extends into the tube interior. An adjacent sealing portion of the tool seals the hole during the ongoing advancement and extrusion of the annular extrusion so that hydroforming fluid remains under pressure. A thread-forming portion of the tool forms an internal thread within the annular extrusion upon the continued advancement and rotation of the tool.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device and method for forming a curl in a closable container. A process of forming a pre-curl is used, which is followed by a second separate step of forming the completed curl. The two-step process provides for higher tolerances with respect to the shape of the curl that allows the curl to be used as a sealing surface for a recloseable metal bottle. A three-step process provides for even greater tolerances and reduces longitudinal forces by completing the curl using lateral forces.

Abstract: A closing device (100) closes an open end portion of a tubular body (1) using a die (2). The closing device (100) includes a core (3) that is inserted into the tubular body (1) and closes the open end portion of the tubular body (1) on the opposite side of the die (2), first heating device (53) that heats the tubular body (1) during a closing process and are also capable of heating the core (3), and second heating device (54) that heats the die (2). At the start of the closing process, the core (3) and the die (2) are preheated by the first heating device (53) and the second heating device (54) respectively, and the closing process is begun when the temperature difference between the tubular body (1) and the core (3) and die (2) is small.

Abstract: A pipe-bending machine mandrel includes a rigid member (5), inserted inside a pipe (T) which has an internal dimension Di and can tilt in a bending operation with a mean radius Rm as measured between the rotation center (O) of a bending die and the longitudinal axis (l) of the pipe (T). The rigid member (5) has a proximal side profile with respect to the rotation center (O) and includes a concave intermediate portion as generated by a radius Rci, and a distal side profile with respect to the rotation center (O) that includes two convex, divided, end portions as generated by respective radius Rce, where Rci=Rm?(Di/2)+t, and Rce=Rm+(Di/2)?t, t being a term varying according to the accuracy of the dimensional characteristics of the pipe and of the curve to be obtained.

Abstract: A lower mold assembly for punching a sheet comprises a lower mold body having an upper surface; a V shape trench is formed at the upper side of the lower mold body; each lateral wall of the trench being formed with a recess; each recess being installed with an elastic element; a punching knife being installed above the lower mold body; the hardness of the elastic elements being slightly smaller than that of the lower mold body; wherein the elastic element serves to increase the tightness in punching operation and to avoid the punching traces in punching operation. A width of the lower mold body is adjustable based on a width of a sheet placed thereupon for punching. The elastic element has an irregular surface. The elastic element is made of a material selected from one of POM and elastic hard rubber.

Abstract: A method, a portable device and a measuring instrument for standardization of a satellite measuring instrument to a corresponding master measuring instrument are disclosed. The portable device includes a device for containing a reference material, and an information unit for storing information about the reference material and measurements of the reference material on the master measuring instrument. When placed in a satellite measuring instrument, information from the master instrument stored in the information unit of the portable device is transmitted automatically and wirelessly to the satellite instrument and, together with measurements by the satellite instrument of the reference masterial in the portable device, a standardization model for the satellite instrument and the sample type is obtained.

Abstract: A machine suitable for evaluating finished cylindrical manufactured part that accurately simulates the performance of the intended use of the part in a cam-roller contact geometry using an actual manufactured part as the test specimen is provided. The machine is capable of evaluating the effects on the can finish and profile of the manufactured part. Three idler rollers ground to simulate the axial cam geometry are compressed into the outer diameter of the bearing as it rotates, duplicating the rolling action of a cam lobe. Because the cylindrical manufactured part to be tested is loaded evenly between the three idles, the test part experiences three stress cycles per revolution, accelerating the generation of fatigue spalling damage on the outside diameter. Load and speed are regulated using a closed loop control. Ease of replacing the part to be tested and servicing the idler rollers is an advantageous feature of the machine.

Abstract: An OBD system that diagnoses on board the condition of NOx adsorber catalysts in diesel engines and that relies on existing mass-produced exhaust gas oxygen sensor, also known as lambda sensor, technology, and the following established phenomena. In a reducing environment, typical exhaust gas oxygen (lambda) sensors have different sensitivities to various reductants, with sensitivity decreasing in this order: H2>CO>short-chain hydrocarbons>long-chain hydrocarbons. In the process of regeneration of the NOx adsorber catalyst, the original reductant may evolve into a different reductant species, e.g., via reactions such as a water-gas shift (WGS), a reforming, a partial oxidation, etc. This leads to a difference in exhaust gas oxygen sensor readings between the inlet to the catalyst and outlet from the catalyst. It has been observed in diesel engine testing that the ability of the NOx adsorber catalyst to perform such a reductant evolution is correlative to the catalyst's NOx reduction capability.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave gas sensor, in particular a vacuum or hydrogen sensor, includes a piezoelectric substrate (1) on which at least one layer of a gas-sensitive material (6) is arranged between two inter-digital transducers (2, 3). The gas-sensitive material includes a getter material, such that the molecules sorbed by this getter material can vary the frequency of a signal transmitted between the two transducers (2, 3). A process for manufacturing this sensor is also provided using a mask to deposit the gas-sensitive material between the transducers, preferably by sputtering.

Abstract: A system includes a first gas sensor [110] to detect a first concentration of a predetermined gas and to determine a first rate of change in the first concentration over a time interval. A second gas sensor [115] detects a second concentration of the predetermined gas and determines a second rate of change in the second concentration over the time interval. A third gas sensor [120] detects a third concentration of the predetermined gas and determines a third rate of change in the third concentration over the time interval. The first, second, and third gas sensors each have a known location. At least one processing device [510] (a) determines respective distances between a gas leak location and the respective locations of the gas sensors based on the detected rates of change, and (b) calculates a location of the gas leak based on a triangulation of the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring in-situ applied torque in tubular operations. A torque cylinder has a first end and a second end. A torque rod is at least partially contained in the torque cylinder and is coupled to the first end of the torque cylinder. The torque rod extends longitudinally outward from the second end of the torque cylinder. A strain gauge is connected to the torque rod at a predetermined distance from the first end of the torque cylinder. The strain gauge is configured to measure in-situ the applied torque between two tubular drill string segments each coupled to a respective one of the torque cylinder and the torque rod.

Abstract: A method for measuring the number of fine particles in ultrapure water includes subjecting the ultrapure water to internal pressure filtration through a hollow fiber membrane having a skin layer capable of trapping the fine particles in the ultrapure water at least on an inner surface thereof, exposing the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane, and measuring the number of fine particles on the exposed inner surface.

Abstract: A wetness indicator is provided for use with diapers or other protective clothing. The wetness indicator gives an external indication of wetness generated by the wearer of diapers or other protective clothing to facilitate prompt changing of the diaper or other protective clothing when needed.

Abstract: An atomic force microscope sensing structure includes a substrate, a flexible membrane and an actuating element. The flexible membrane has a first end that is clamped to the substrate and an opposite second end that is clamped to the substrate. A central portion of the membrane and the substrate define a first gap width therebetween. A peripheral portion of the membrane and the substrate define a second gap width therebetween. The first gap width is different from the second gap width. The actuating element is disposed at least adjacent to the first end and the second end and is configured to displace the membrane relative to the substrate.

Abstract: A control device for a belt type continuously variable transmission of a vehicle such as a motorcycle includes a first storage section for storing in advance reference correlation between a position of a movable flange and a detection value of a flange position detection sensor. A first processing section moves the movable flange to a position where its movement is restricted by a restriction section. A detection value of the flange position detection sensor is stored in a second storage section. A second processing section derives correlation between the position of the movable flange and the detection value of the Range position detection sensor based on the detection value of the flange position detection sensor stored in the second storage section and the reference correlation between the position of the movable flange and the detection value of the flange position detection sensor stored in the first storage section. A detection value of the flange position detection sensor is thereby calibrated.

Abstract: A rope brake for an elevator installation for braking a rope coupled to a car is provided, which has a stop that is immovable in the longitudinal direction of the rope and at least one brake shoe. The rope is led between the stop and the brake shoe, and the brake shoe is adapted to be moved back and forth between a braking position, pressing the rope against the stop, and a release position, releasing the rope. A drive coupled to the brake shoe is provided for releasing the rope. The drive is formed as a linear drive and the at least one brake shoe can be transferred by means of the linear drive into its release position against the action of a braking force acting on it in the braking position. Methods for testing a rope brake for an elevator car having a movable brake shoe are also provided.

Abstract: A reusable patch adhesively bondable to the inside of a tire. Disposed within the patch is at least one sensor that generates a radially outwardly directed signal and senses a reflection thereof from the tire's outer surface. Circuitry means is connected to the receiver for receiving data representative of the original and reflected signal and calculating a distance measurement representative of the distance between the sensor and the reflection point. Communication means then transmit the appropriate data to indicator means, which triggers a indicator to alert the driver of a tire failure or potential tire failure.

Abstract: A tire inflation pressure determining system is provided in which measurement results are transmitted to the exterior without providing a high precision oscillation circuit to a tire-mounted air pressure determining system. An LC resonance circuit is composed of a coil Ls and an inflation pressure sensor in which the electric capacitance varies in accordance with tire air pressure. The fluctuations of the electromagnetic field having a frequency f0 generated by a sensor control unit are sensed in a coil L2, a clock is generated based on the sensed fluctuations, the clock is inputted to a coil Le that is transformer coupled to the coil Ls, and the LC resonance circuit is excited.

Abstract: A device is suitable as equipment in an aircraft moving in an air mass relative to a terrestrial frame of reference, in order to estimate at least one characteristic of a displacement of this air mass relative to this frame of reference. This device comprises first means for receiving an element of information about the speed of the aircraft in the frame of reference, second means for receiving at least one element of information (TAS) about the speed of the aircraft in the air, and third means for obtaining the said characteristic from the said speed information elements. The second means are capable of receiving an element of information about the angle of attack (?) of the aircraft in the air, and the third means are capable of determining the said characteristic on the basis in particular of the angle of attack information element (?).

Abstract: The invention discloses a low liquid level detecting device comprising a float sensor and a casing. The casing has first to third chambers formed between an upper wall and a bottom wall. The top portion of the first chamber is formed with a top opening. The bottom portion of the first chamber is fluid communicated with the bottom portion of the second chamber. The top portion of the second chamber is fluid communicated with the top portion of the third chamber. The bottom portion of the third chamber is formed with a bottom opening. A float sensor is mounted inside the third chamber. A drain hole is formed through the bottom part of a chamber wall surrounding the third chamber. A method for detecting a low liquid level using the above low liquid level detecting device is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a liquid surface detecting device including a movable unit having an arm and a float, for detecting a liquid surface in response to a positional variation of the float, a liquid-repellent coating is formed on the surface of at least one of the arm and the float. Accordingly, it is possible to improve degree of precision of detecting the liquid surface since the movable unit such as the float is restrained from being displaced in response to a temporary displacement of the liquid surface in a fuel tank which is caused when a vehicle oscillates.

Abstract: A MEMS sensor includes a substrate having a MEMS structure movably attached to the substrate, a cap attached to the substrate and encapsulating the MEMS structure, and an electrode formed on the cap that senses movement of the MEMS structure.