Abstract: A magnetoresistive element includes: a magnetization free layer having a first plane and a second plane located on the opposite side from the first plane, and having a variable magnetization direction; a magnetization pinned layer provided on the first plane side of the magnetization free layer, and having a pinned magnetization direction; a first tunnel barrier layer provided between the magnetization free layer and the magnetization pinned layer; a second tunnel barrier layer provided on the second plane of the magnetization free layer; and a non-magnetic layer provided on a plane on the opposite side of the second tunnel barrier layer from the magnetization free layer. The magnetization direction of the magnetization free layer is variable by applying current between the magnetization pinned layer and the non-magnetic layer, and a resistance ratio between the first tunnel barrier layer and the second tunnel barrier layer is in a range of 1:0.25 to 1:4.

Abstract: In the magnetic thin film, a magnetization direction of a ferromagnetic layer, e.g., a pinned layer, can be securely fixed. The magnetic thin film comprises: an antiferromagnetic layer; and the ferromagnetic layer. The antiferromagnetic layer is composed of a manganic antiferromagnetic material, and a manganese (Mn) layer is formed between the antiferromagnetic layer and the ferromagnetic layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention achieve a high linear recording density and a high track recording density to thereby improve the areal recording density in a perpendicular magnetic recording apparatus having a magnetic head that includes a trailing shield and side shields around a main magnetic pole piece.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect device including a multilayer structure having a pair of ferromagnetic layers and a barrier layer positioned between them, wherein at least one ferromagnetic layer has at least the part contacting the barrier layer made amorphous and the barrier layer is an MgO layer having a highly oriented texture structure.

Abstract: A magnetic tunnel transistor (MTT) having a pinned layer that has no antiferromagnetic material in an active area of the sensor. The MTT can include a layer of antiferromagnetic material that is exchange coupled with the pinned layer in an area outside of the active area of me sensor, such as outside the track-width, beyond the stripe height, or both outside the track-width and beyond the stripe height. The pinned layer can also be pinned without any exchange coupling at all. In that case, pinning can be assisted by shape enhanced magnetic anisotropy, by extending the pinned layer beyond the stripe height.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetic sensor suitable for high resolution and having high reliability by achieving stable output even at the occurrence of variations in a gap between a magnetic medium and the magnetic sensor, and a magnetic encoder using the magnetic sensor. The present invention uses a magnetoresistive element having magnetoresistive properties that satisfy the inequation, H10-50<H50-90, where H10-50 represents a magnetic field required for a resistance change from ?R×10% to ?R×50% with respect to a maximum amount of resistance change ?R on a magnetoresitance effect curve, and H50-90 represents a magnetic field required for a resistance change from ?R×50% to ?R×90%.

Abstract: A CPP MTJ or GMR read sensor is provided in which the free layer is self-stabilized by a magnetization in a circumferential vortex configuration. This magnetization permits the pinned layer to be magnetized in a direction parallel to the ABS plane, which thereby makes the pinned layer directionally more stable as well. The lack of lateral horizontal bias layers or in-stack biasing allows the formation of closely configured shields, thereby providing protection against side-reading. The vortex magnetization is accomplished by first magnetizing the free layer in a uniform vertical field, then applying a vertical current while the field is still present.

Abstract: A combined arc fault circuit interrupter and leakage current detector interrupter. A current sensor, amplifier, and comparator are employed to detect the presence of leakage current in alternating current power conductors. Upon the detection of an amount of current leakage beyond a threshold level, a relay is opened, disconnecting a source of AC power from a power conductor being monitored, such as an appliance line cord. An arc sensor, envelope detector, amplifier, and microcontroller are employed to detect the presence of an arc fault in the alternating current power conductors. The arc fault detection algorithm implemented by the microcontroller is capable of discriminating between high frequency noise which is not caused by a parallel or series arc fault, with high frequency anomalies which are the result of arcing.

Abstract: A power supply device of the invention includes: a supply section that supplies power to a processing device which processes data; a load detection section that detects a load of processing executed by the processing device; a power control section that causes the supply section to increase or decrease power supply according to the magnitude of load detected by the load detection section; and an operational abnormality detection section that detects operational abnormality of the power control section. The supply section supplies predetermined power to the processing device when abnormality of the power control section is detected by the operational abnormality detection section.

Abstract: An electronic circuit for protecting a photomultiplier against overloads is provided. The photomultiplier has a cathode, an anode, a plurality of dynodes and a voltage divider. The circuit includes a high-voltage source, which applies a high voltage to the photomultiplier. A protective switch is set up for preventing a current flow through the anode. A comparison device is configured for comparing a load signal characterizing the loading of the anode with a maximum load signal and for driving the protective switch in accordance with this comparison.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge protection circuit device includes a discharge circuit, a trigger circuit and a trigger control circuit. The discharge circuit is connected to a predetermined circuit node of a semiconductor device, and makes discharge when surge voltage is applied to the circuit node. The trigger circuit triggers the discharge circuit to start a discharge operation by the discharge circuit. The trigger control circuit controls a trigger voltage at which the trigger circuit starts a discharge operation by the discharge circuit.

Abstract: An exemplary power switching circuit (20) includes a control signal input terminal (210); an output terminal (220); direct current (DC) power supply (230); a first transistor (250) including a control electrode connected to the control signal input terminal, a first current conducting electrode, and a grounded second current conducting electrode; a second transistor (260) including a control electrode connected to first current conducting electrode of the first transistor via a discharging resistor (264) and a diode (266) respectively and connected to the DC power supply via a discharging capacitor (265), a first current conducting electrode connected to the DC power supply, and a second current conducting electrode connected to the output terminal; and a third transistor (270) including a control electrode connected to first current conducting electrode of the first transistor, a first current conducting electrode connected to the output terminal, and a second grounded current conducting electrode.

Abstract: A resetable over-current self-protecting semiconductor power device comprises a vertical power semiconductor chip and an over-current protection layer composed of current limiting material such as a PTC material. The over-current protection layer may be sandwiched between the vertical power semiconductor chip and a conductive plate, which could be a leadframe, a metal plate, a PCB plate or a PCB that the device is mounted on.

Abstract: A drive control method for a micro machine device is provided. The micro machine device is made up of first and second electrodes opposed to each other and a dielectric layer disposed between them. The drive control method includes the steps of applying a control voltage between the first and the second electrodes so that an electrostatic force is exerted on the first and the second electrodes for displacing the first or the second electrode, and switching polarity of the control voltage at a predetermined period or a shorter period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to securing a substrate to an electrostatic chuck to minimise damage to the substrate. In particular, the present invention relates to securing a substrate to an electrostatic chuck provided as part of a substrate scanner in an ion implanter. A method of loading a substrate on an electrostatic chuck of a substrate holder is provided that comprises placing a substrate onto the chuck; supplying a first voltage to an electrode in the chuck thereby causing an electrostatic force due to attraction of the substrate to the chuck; subsequently, but prior to moving the substrate, supplying a second voltage to the electrode greater than the first voltage thereby causing an increased electrostatic force.

Abstract: A device for charging a headphones battery. The device includes a first module adapted to receive a first power source through a first power source connector, the first module having a connector adapted to fit the headphones battery; and a second module adapted to receive a second power source through a second power source connector, the second power source connector distinct from the first power source connector, the second module having a connector adapted to fit the headphones battery, wherein the headphones battery is removed from the headphones and charged from the first power source when the first module is connected to the headphones battery and the headphones battery is removed from the headphones and charged from the second power source when the second module is connected to the headphones battery.

Abstract: Compliant/stretchable electroactive materials which exhibit self-healing/clearing properties are disclosed.

Abstract: A variable capacitor is provided which is appropriate for suppressing fluctuation in driving voltage characteristic and for achieving a larger variation ratio of static capacitance. The variable capacitor includes a fixed electrode and a movable electrodetrode. The fixed electrode includes a first opposing face, while the movable electrode includes a second opposing face that faces the first opposing face. The movable electrode further includes a curved portion that protrudes toward the fixed electrode. The variable capacitor also includes a dielectric pattern provided on the first opposing face.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor has a capacitor element, inner electrodes arranged within the capacitor element, and first to fourth terminal electrodes. Electrode parts of the first to fourth terminal electrodes cover ridges formed between first and third side faces, first and fourth side faces, second and third side faces, and second and fourth side faces. The capacitor element has an element part. The element part is formed such as to overlap the electrode parts when seen in a second and a third directions and keep away from respective areas about the electrode parts when seen in a first direction.

Abstract: A package structure with an embedded capacitor, a fabricating process thereof and applications of the same are provided, wherein the package structure includes a dielectric layer, a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, a first embedded plate and a second embedded plate. The dielectric layer has a thickness. The first conductive layer with a first potential is located on one side of the dielectric layer. The second conductive layer with a second potential is located on the dielectric layer at the other side thereof opposite to the first conductive layer. The first embedded plate and the second embedded plate that are embedded in the dielectric layer are separated at a distance, wherein the first embedded plate is electrically connected with the first conductive layer, and the second embedded plate is electrically connected with the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A multilayer chip capacitor including: a capacitor body having a plurality of dielectric layers deposited therein and having a parallelepiped shape; at least three pairs of first and second external electrodes formed on two longer sides, the first and second external electrodes in each of the pairs having different polarities and opposing each other, and the first and second external electrodes on each of the longer sides arranged alternately with each other; and a plurality of first and second internal electrodes arranged alternately to interpose each of the dielectric layers, the first and second internal electrodes connected to the first and second external electrodes by leads, respectively, wherein the capacitor body has a length that is 2.5 times greater than a width thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed a thin film capacitor and the like capable of suppressing fluctuations of a capacity, increasing a VBD, and accordingly improving a device characteristic and reliability of a product. In electronic components 1 to 4, a capacitor 11 is formed on a flat substrate 51 as a base material including a planarization layer 52 formed on the surface thereof. The capacitor 11 has a structure in which a lower conductor 21 constituted of an underlayer conductor 21a and a conductor 21b, a dielectric film 31 made of alumina or the like, a resin layer J1 mainly formed of a novolak resin or the like, a resin layer J2 mainly formed of a polyimide resin or the like, and an upper conductor 25 constituted of an underlayer conductor 25a and a conductor 25b are formed on the planarization layer 52 of the substrate 51. The resin layer J1 has an opening K1 above the lower conductor 21, and the resin layer J2 is provided with an opening K2 opened more widely than the opening K1.

Abstract: The present application is directed to electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) devices. In one aspect, the present application is directed to an electrode comprising an activated carbon cryogel having a tunable pore structure wherein: the surface area is at least 1500 m2/g as determined by nitrogen sorption at 77K and BET analysis; and the pore structure comprises a pore volume ranging from about 0.01 cc/g to about 0.25 cc/g for pores having a pore diameter of 0.6 to 1.0 nm. In another aspect, the present application is directed to an Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) device comprising an activated cryogel.

Abstract: A method for producing an ultracapacitor comprises the steps of: providing a negative porous electrode in contact with a negative conducting plate; providing a positive porous electrode in contact with a positive conducting plate; providing an ultracapacitor separator being a microporous material that separates the negative porous electrode from the positive porous electrode; providing an electrolytic solution that impregnates the negative porous electrode, the positive porous electrode, and the ultracapacitor separator; and curing the ultracapacitor at a temperature of at least 200° C.

Abstract: A capacitor device having a first conductive element and a second conductive element. The capacitor includes a porous membrane disposed between the first and second conductive elements. The capacitor has pores included in the porous membrane extending from the first conductive element to the second conductive element, and a conductive material is disposed inside the pores and in contact with the first conductive element.

Abstract: A power distribution module includes a housing having multiple channels, and a plurality of buss bars received within the housing for distributing power between multiple electrical components. The buss bars have terminals that are selectively positionable within respective ones of the channels based on a predetermined arrangement of the electrical components.

Abstract: A watthour meter socket adapter includes a housing having internal jaw contacts and external blade terminals. A power switch is electrically connected between the jaw contacts and the blade terminals. A rocker member on the power switch faces a side of the housing. An actuator is mounted in the housing and has a first end coupled to the rocker member for simultaneous movement of the rocker member and the actuator. A second end of the actuator extends through an aperture in the side of the housing allowing external manipulation of the actuator and the rocker member to indicate and/or manipulate the on and off state of the power switch. An electrically insulating safety shield may be mounted over the exposed portions of the jaw contacts and the conducting elements in the housing.

Abstract: A cooling arrangement is disclosed for electrical components which are arranged in a housing of a soft starter which in particular may be designed for operation of an electric motor. In at least one embodiment, the cooling arrangement includes at least one fan arranged inclined in an opening in a housing wall such that the rotation axis of the fan is at an angle to the normal to the housing wall.

Abstract: An attachment is disclosed for an electrical appliance to a holding plate, for example to a switch panel, as well as to an adapter for such an attachment, which for this purpose has an aperture opening into which the appliance, which has a front panel, can be inserted. In at least one embodiment, in order to allow attachment of one and the same appliance with the aperture openings having mutually exclusive cross-sectional shapes, it is proposed that an adapter is provided, formed from two parts that can be connected to one another, and arranged between the front panel and the appliance. In at least one embodiment, the front part is fitted with the front panel on one side and is attached to the holding plate on the other side, with this part having at least one connecting element, which is accessible via the aperture opening.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a main unit; a cap unit that is capable of having a portable electronic device attached thereto and is capable of tilting; a driving unit that causes the cap unit to tilt with respect to the main body; and a controlling unit that drives the driving unit so as to return the cap unit to a reference position, when detachment of the portable electronic device from the cap unit is detected

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a main unit; a cap unit that is capable of having a portable electronic device attached thereto; an instructing unit that issues an instruction to designate a tilt angle of the cap unit with respect to the main unit; a driving unit that drives the cap unit in accordance with the instruction from the instructing unit; and a controlling unit that controls the operation of the driving unit in accordance with the instruction from the instructing unit, when the portable electronic device is not attached to the cap unit.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cover on a substrate in particular for the encapsulation of electronic, optical, optoelectronic components, of the electromechanical microsystems type, also known as Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) or optoelectromechanical microsystems, also known as Micro-Opto-Elect-Mechanical systems (MOEMS), joined to the substrate.

Abstract: A portable electronic device including a first body, a second body, and at least one speaker is provided. The second body is pivotally connected to one side edge of the first body, such that the second body is selectively rotated to cover the first body, or to form an angle with respect to the first body. The speaker is movably disposed on an upper surface of the first body, and can be moved relative to the first body. Thus, the speaker can be moved and fixed to a predetermined position to achieve optimized output sound quality.

Abstract: A portable electronic device including a secondary body having a touch screen and a primary body having a keyboard is provided. The secondary body slides and rotates relative to the primary body, such that the secondary body selectively makes the touch screen is back towards the primary body and cover the keyboard, so as to provide a first operation mode for operating the touch screen; or the secondary body is inclined relative to the primary body at a certain angle to show the keyboard on the primary body, so as to provide a second operation mode for operating the keyboard. Thus, various operation and accommodation aspects are provided.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a housing with a top surface and a rear surface, a CPU (central processing unit) provided in the housing, a keyboard placed on the top surface of the housing and including a plurality of keys which input key data to the CPU, a display unit attached to the housing rotatably between a closed position in which the display unit covers the keyboard and an open position in which the keyboard is exposed, and at least one switch provided on the rear surface of the housing and configured to input key data to the CPU.

Abstract: The manufacturing method of the panel installation portion 12a allows the portions of the upper block and the lower block for forming the panel installation portion to be exchanged as the nesting blocks upon press working so as to change the protruding amount of the panel installation portion from the outer peripheral surface.

Abstract: A portable terminal is disclosed that includes a first housing, having a lowered surface portion and a second housing seated on the lowered surface portion of the first housing to be rotated while facing the first housing. When the second housing is placed at a first position in which it is placed in a lengthwise direction of the first housing and second and third positions in which it is rotated from the first position by 90° clockwise and counterclockwise and is placed in a direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the first housing, any one of sidewalls of the second housing is held close to a vertical wall of the first housing, defined between the lowered surface portion and a raised surface portion of the first housing.

Abstract: A chassis partition framework is provided for configuring a personal cluster computer that has a head-node mainboard, a first compute-node mainboard, a second compute-node mainboard, a third compute-node mainboard and a fourth compute-node mainboard. The chassis partition framework mainly includes a top chamber, a left chamber and a right chamber. The top chamber is for configuring the head-node mainboard horizontally. The left and right chambers located under the top chamber are for vertically configuring the first and second compute-node mainboards and the third and fourth compute-node mainboards respectively in face-to-face alignment, with the second and third compute-node mainboards standing in back-to-back alignment. Therefore, the mechanical problems of the conventional blade-type personal cluster computer about heat-dissipation, noise-reduction, expansibility and space-arrangement may be improved through the chassis partition framework.

Abstract: An expansion card carrier is disclosed, the expansion card carrier including a top portion for covering an expansion card, at least one side portion for supporting the top portion, and at least one pair of card guides for allowing an expansion card to slide along into the expansion card carrier. A method for assembling an expansion card carrier is also disclosed, the method including casting a panel including a top portion for covering an expansion card and at least one side portion for supporting the top portion, forming at least one side portion by deforming the panel, and attaching at least one pair of card guides inside the expansion card carrier for allowing an expansion card to slide along into the expansion card carrier.

Abstract: A sports-inspired computer is presented which has a neat, uncluttered appearance when deactivated. In an embodiment, the computer resembles an authentic sports ball memorabilia display when deactivated. The computer includes a motorized flat panel display screen that is hidden from view when the computer is not in use. The screen incorporates a camera for capturing still and moving images, and for videoconferencing. When the computer is powered on, the screen automatically extends from the computer enclosure and assumes an upright posture for viewing. After use, the screen automatically folds back into the enclosure. The present disclosure also provides for voice activation of the computer, whereby spoken commands can cause the computer to power up and shut down. The computer also features a wireless keyboard with an integrated pointing device, which is stored in a storage compartment provided within the computer enclosure.

Abstract: A computer system is provided that includes a processor and a memory slot coupled to the processor. The system also includes a multi-memory module attached to the memory slot, the multi-memory module having a plurality of memory sets mounted on a single circuit base. The memory sets are treated as separate memory modules.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic component, an assembly of an electronic component and an electronic carrier substrate, and a method of connecting the electronic component to the carrier substrate. The carrier substrate has a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and the electronic component has a second CTE. The assembly further comprises a conductive material on the carrier substrate for connecting the electronic component to the carrier substrate, and the electrical component is connected to the carrier substrate by heating and then cooling this conductive material. The electronic component includes an expansion joint to allow the electronic component to expand and contract relative to the carrier substrate during the heating and cooling of the conductive material.

Abstract: A supporting apparatus with a shock isolation function is provided, which is applicable for supporting at least one storage device. The supporting apparatus includes a frame body for accommodating a storage device and at least two supporting parts. The frame body has at least two side plates, and a protruding point is protruded respectively from each side plate. The supporting part has a main body and an elastic washer sleeved on an outer edge of the main body. The main body has at least one joint hole for the protruding point to be engaged in, such that the main body is fixed on the side plate, and the elastic washer mutually contacts with the storage device, so as to absorb the shocking energy.

Abstract: A system comprises a first mechanical adapter configured to accept a plurality of non-volatile storage devices of a first size. The system also comprises a cage into which the first mechanical adapter is installable. At least one non-volatile storage device of a second size is installable in the cage without the first mechanical adapter.

Abstract: A computer system may include a chassis defining a front and a rear. The chassis may include a vertically oriented midplane disposed therein, the midplane including a plurality of front module slots for receiving front electronic modules from the front of the chassis, and a plurality of rear module slots for receiving rear electronic modules from the rear of the chassis. A cooling system may be provided within the chassis and may generate an upwardly-directed front air flow within the chassis directed at selected ones of the front electronic modules and an upwardly-directed rear air flow within the chassis directed at selected ones of the rear electronic modules. The front air flow is separate from and independent of the rear air flow. The selected front and rear electronic modules may be disposed in the chassis so as to separate the front air flow into a plurality of substantially equal front air streams and the rear air flow into a plurality of substantially equal rear air streams, respectively.

Abstract: A uniform heat conduction installation includes a reflection layer and a graphite uniform heat conduction layer with the latter provided on the lower surface of the former; certain portion of thermal energy generated by a heat source disposed on top of the reflection layer is reflected and dissipated by the reflection layer, and the remainder of the thermal energy passes through the reflection layer and is transmitted to the graphite uniform heat conduction layer for the thermal energy to be consistently spread up over the entire surface of the uniform heat conduction installation due to the inherited nature of providing uniform heat conduction effects of the graphite so to achieve better heat dissipation results due to increased area for heat diffusion.

Abstract: A heat dissipation air duct is provided. The air duct is fixed inside a computer case, and covers a plurality of high heat-generating elements on a mainboard. The air duct includes a main air duct and an auxiliary air duct. The main air duct isolates a first air duct area inside the computer case, and an air inlet is formed in a side of the air duct area. The auxiliary air duct is fixed on the bottom of the main air duct, and is accommodated in the first air duct area, so as to further isolate a second air duct area in communication with the air inlet it the first air duct area. One of the pluralities of high-generating elements is covered by the auxiliary air duct, and is accommodated in the second air duct area.

Abstract: The invention provided a heatsink thermal module with noise improvement, which has a heatsink thermal module additionally consisting of a heat pipe, a heatsink fins set and a fan module; the fan module is combined with the heatsink fins set which consists of multiple heatsink fins with different lengths and is combined to the fan module with its end with a special geometric shape having the function of lowering the wind drag; by lowering the wind drag, not only the heat dissipation efficiency can be increased, but the noise caused by the heatsink thermal module can also be improved.

Abstract: A scanning apparatus with heat dissipating ability includes a housing having an opening formed thereon. A cover having a slit, a heating dissipating portion, and supporting portion connected to the heat dissipating portion covers the opening, wherein the supporting portion extends from an edge of the slit into the housing. A light emitting elements is fixed on the supporting portion, for emitting a scanning light through the slit, and the scanning light is reflected as an image light by a document. The image light is converted to image data by an image scanning module. The heat dissipating portion is made of a thermal conductive material to exchange heat with the air, so that heat generated by the light emitting elements is transferred to the heat dissipating portion and the heat is dissipated to the air, the work temperature of the light emitting elements is controlled at an optimal temperature.

Abstract: An in-row electronic equipment storage system and corresponding method provides cooling to an electronic equipment rack. The system includes an electronic equipment rack that includes a housing adapted to receive electronic equipment, and an electronic equipment rack air cavity. A cooling rack, including a housing adapted to receive cooling equipment, and a cooling rack air cavity, is configured to be disposed adjacent to the electronic equipment rack. An interface allows for fluid communication between the cooling rack air cavity and the electronic equipment air cavity. The interface may include dampers to control air flow between the air cavities.